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2. Evaluation of gallbladder motility assessed by ultrasonography in dogs with hyperlipidemia

Author

Villm, Jessica A., DeMonaco, Stefanie M., Panciera, David L., Larson, Martha M., Bolton, Timothy A., Villm, Jessica A., DeMonaco, Stefanie M., Panciera, David L., Larson, Martha M., and Bolton, Timothy A.

Abstract

Background: The pathogenesis of gallbladder (GB) mucoceles in dogs is unknown. It has been proposed that hyperlipidemia could impair GB motility and contribute to GB mucocele formation. Hypothesis/Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare GB motility in dogs with hyperlipidemia to control dogs using ultrasonography. We hypothesized that hyperlipidemic dogs will have decreased GB motility compared with controls. Animals: Twenty-six hyperlipidemic and 28 healthy, age-matched control dogs were prospectively enrolled. Methods: Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in all dogs. Hyperlipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia (>332 mg/dL) and/or hypertriglyceridemia (>143 mg/dL) using a biochemical analyzer. Ultrasound was performed before feeding, and 60 and 120 minutes after ingestion of a high fat diet. Gallbladder volumes (GBV) and ejection fractions (EF) were calculated. Results: Hyperlipidemic dogs had significantly larger GBVs (ml/kg) before feeding and 60 minutes after feeding of 1.2 (0.4-7.5; P = .008) and 0.6 (0.1-7.2; P = .04) compared with controls 0.6 (0.2-2.6) and 0.4 (0.1-1.9), respectively. Severely hyperlipidemic dogs had significantly larger GBV at baseline, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes of 1.7 (0.6-7.5; P = .03), 1.3 (0.4-7.2; P = .02), and 1.3 (0.2-8.2; P = .04), respectively compared with mildly hyperlipidemic dogs. EFs at 60 and 120 minutes between controls, hyperlipidemic, and severely hyperlipidemic were all 0.3 at 60 minutes and 0.5, 0.3, and 0.3 at 120 minutes, respectively which were not statistically different. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hyperlipidemia leads to GB distention in dogs which could lead to retention of bile and gallbladder disease.

Published
2023

3. Thyroid function tests during nonthyroidal illness syndrome and recovery in acutely ill dogs.

Author

Bolton, Timothy A., Panciera, David L., Voudren, Caylie D., and Crawford‐Jennings, Matthew I.

Subjects
*THYROID gland function tests, *DOGS, *CONGENITAL hypothyroidism, *THYROID diseases, *ACUTE diseases
Abstract

Background: Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) can result in thyroid function test alterations that mimic hypothyroidism. The duration of NTIS‐induced changes in dogs is not well‐described. Objectives: Document alterations in thyroid function tests during NTIS and recovery, and the time necessary for their resolution. Animals: From 103 dogs sampled, 25 euthyroid dogs with acute, resolvable illness having a low serum total thyroxine (TT4) concentration on admission were analyzed. Methods: Prospective observational study. Serum TT4 concentration was measured in 103 dogs within 4 hours of admission. If below the reference interval (RI), subsequent serum samples were obtained every 24 hours from admission until discharge (acute phase) and at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after discharge (recovery phase). Serum samples were submitted for batch measurement of serum TT4, free thyroxine (fT4), total 3,5,3′‐triiodothyronine (TT3), and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. Results: In the cohort of dogs analyzed, serum TT4, TT3, and fT4 concentrations were below the RI in 100%, 80%, and 16% at admission; 20%, 80%, and 0% at discharge; 4%, 8%, and 0% at 2 weeks; and 0%, 0%, and 0% at 4 weeks, respectively. Serum TSH concentration was within the RI in 100% at admission and discharge, and above the RI in 4% and 12% at 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Naturally occurring NTIS in dogs induces alterations in thyroid function tests during acute illness and recovery. Measurement of serum TT4 concentration 2 to 4 weeks after discharge or serum fT4 concentration by ED during illness is recommended for accurate assessment of thyroid function in acutely ill dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Influence of medications on thyroid function in dogs: An update.

Author

Bolton, Timothy A. and Panciera, David L.

Subjects
*THYROID gland function tests, *ANTI-inflammatory agents, *DRUGS, *THYROID gland, *PHENOBARBITAL
Abstract

Erroneous thyroid function test results can occur because of drugs that alter thyroid hormone physiology in one or more aspects, including synthesis, secretion, distribution, and metabolism. Research since publication of the last review in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM) 20 years ago has evaluated the effects of amiodarone, zonisamide, inhalant anesthetics, clomipramine, trilostane, and toceranib on thyroid function tests in the dog. In addition, recent work on the effects of glucocorticoids, sulfonamides, phenobarbital, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs will be reviewed. Awareness of these effects is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis of hypothyroidism and unnecessary treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Bile duct obstruction associated with pancreatitis in 46 dogs

Author

Wilkinson, Ashley R., DeMonaco, Stefanie M., Panciera, David L., Otoni, Cristiane C., Leib, Michael S., Larson, Martha M., Wilkinson, Ashley R., DeMonaco, Stefanie M., Panciera, David L., Otoni, Cristiane C., Leib, Michael S., and Larson, Martha M.

Abstract

Background: Pancreatitis is a common cause of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction (EHBDO) in dogs. Information describing the clinical course of dogs with pancreatitis associated bile duct obstruction (PABDO) is limited. Objectives: To describe the clinical course of PABDO in dogs and determine if presumed markers of disease severity are predictors of survival. Animals: Forty-six client-owned dogs with PABDO. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records from dogs diagnosed with PABDO was performed. Data, including clinical signs and biochemical changes, were collected 6 times throughout the course of disease. Outcome was defined as either survival (discharge from the hospital) or death. Results: Thirty-three (79%) out of 42 dogs with PABDO survived. Thirty-one (94%) of the 33 dogs that survived received medical management alone. Time from onset of clinical signs to initial documented increase in serum bilirubin concentration, peak bilirubin elevation, and initial decline in serum bilirubin concentration were 7 (median), 8, and 15 days, respectively. The median number of days from onset of clinical signs to outcome date was 13. Clinical signs of fever, vomiting, and anorexia were decreased in frequency from the onset of clinical signs to the time of peak bilirubin. Median bile duct dilatation at the time of ultrasonographic diagnosis of PABDO and peak bilirubin were not different between survivors (7.6 mm, 11.7 mg/dL) and nonsurvivors (6 mm, 10.6 mg/dL, P = .12, P = .8). Conclusions: Dogs with PABDO often have a prolonged course of illness and improve clinically despite biochemical evidence of progression of EHBDO.

Published
2020
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12. Investigation of a novel variable dosing protocol for radioiodine treatment of feline hyperthyroidism

Author

Morre, Wendy A., Panciera, David L., Daniel, Gregory B., Monroe, William E., and Werre, Stephen R.

Subjects
Male, endocrine system, endocrine system diseases, QUANTITATIVE THYROID SCINTIGRAPHY, PERTECHNETATE, 0707 Veterinary Sciences, ASSOCIATION, DIAGNOSIS, Cat Diseases, Hyperthyroidism, radioiodine, Iodine Radioisotopes, Treatment Outcome, SERUM THYROXINE, HYPOTHYROIDISM, Cats, scintigraphy, Animals, Female, Drug Dosage Calculations, Veterinary Sciences, AZOTEMIA, feline, hyperthyroid, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

Background: Radioiodine is the treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism in cats. The ideal method of dose determination of radioiodine remains controversial. Objective: To compare a method of radioiodine dose determination that utilized thyroid scintigraphy with a standard fixed dose for treatment of hyperthyroidism. Animals: Fifty-seven and 23 client-owned hyperthyroid cats in the variable and fixed dose groups, respectively. Methods: Cats with a percent dose uptake using 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake on thyroid scintigraphy 10% were to receive 3, 3.5, or 4.5 millicuries (mCi) of radioiodine, respectively, administered SC. Radioiodine dose was adjusted according to thyroid gland size as determined by the thyroid:salivary size ratio and categorized as 10:1. If the thyroid size fell into a higher dosing category than the percent dose uptake, the dose was increased accordingly. Cats in the fixed dose group received 4.5 mCi. Six months after treatment, cats were determined to be euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid based on serum thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations. Results: No difference in outcome was found between the variable and fixed dose treatment groups. Euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and persistent hyperthyroidism developed in 61, 30, and 9% of cats in the fixed dose group compared to 58, 26, and 16%, respectively, in the variable dose group. Conclusions: A variable dosing method of radioiodine based on percent dose uptake primarily and thyroid gland size secondarily did not improve outcome compared to a standard fixed dose method. Published version

Published
2018

13. Adrenocortical Challenge Response and Genomic Analyses in Scottish Terriers With Increased Alkaline Phosphate Activity

Author

Zimmerman, Kurt L., Panciera, David L., Hoeschele, Ina, Monroe, William E., Todd, S. Michelle, Werre, Stephen R., LeRoith, Tanya, Fecteau, Kellie, and Lake, Bathilda B.

Subjects
steroidogenesis, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, General Veterinary, single nucleotide polymorphism, lcsh:SF600-1100, hyperadrenocorticism, ALP, Veterinary Science, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, Original Research
Abstract

Scottish terriers (ST) frequently have increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the steroid isoform. Many of these also have high serum concentrations of adrenal sex steroids. The study’s objective was to determine the cause of increased sex steroids in ST with increased ALP. Adrenal gland suppression and stimulation were compared by low dose dexamethasone (LDDS), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response tests. Resting plasma pituitary hormones were measured. Steroidogenesis-related mRNA expression was evaluated in six ST with increased ALP, eight dogs of other breeds with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), and seven normal dogs. The genome-wide association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with ALP activity was evaluated in 168 ST. ALP (reference interval 8–70 U/L) was high in all ST (1,054 U/L) and HAC (985 U/L) dogs. All HAC dogs and 2/8 ST had increased cortisol post-ACTH administration. All ST and 2/7 Normal dogs had increased sex steroids post-ACTH. ST and Normal dogs had similar post-challenge adrenal steroid profiles following LDDS and HCG. Surprisingly, mRNA of hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2) was lower in ST and Normal dogs than HAC. HSD17B2 facilities metabolism of sex steroids. A SNP region was identified on chromosome 5 in proximity to HSD17B2 that correlated with increased serum ALP. ST in this study with increased ALP had a normal pituitary-adrenal axis in relationship to glucocorticoids and luteinizing hormone.We speculate the identified SNP and HSD17B2 gene may have a role in the pathogenesis of elevated sex steroids and ALP in ST. American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation Oak Grant 01602 Longitudinal Study Investigating the Progression and Pathogenesis of Atypical Hyperadrenocorticism in Scottish Terriers VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine

Published
2018
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15. Prevalence of, and factors associated with, positive urine cultures in hyperthyroid cats presenting for radioiodine therapy.

Author

Keebaugh, Audrey E, DeMonaco, Stefanie M, Grant, David C, and Panciera, David L

Abstract

Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are reported to be relatively common in hyperthyroid cats, with prevalence rates ranging from 12% to 22%. Factors that are associated with UTIs include age, decreasing body weight and active urine sediments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of positive urine cultures (PUCs) in hyperthyroid cats and associated risk factors for PUC. Methods: In total, 197 hyperthyroid cats presenting for radioiodine therapy had urine cultures prospectively performed on cystocentesis samples. Data pertaining to clinical signs, drug history, age, weight, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, serum thyroxine and urinalysis were also evaluated. Results: The prevalence of PUCs in this population of hyperthyroid cats was 5.1% and all cats were subclinical. Microscopic bacteriuria was significantly associated with a PUC (60%) compared with a negative urine culture (1.6%) status. Age, weight, urine specific gravity <1.020, urine pH, hematuria, pyuria, thyroxine concentration, breed and sex were not associated with PUC status. Conclusions and relevance: The prevalence of PUCs in this population of cats was lower than previous reports of cats with hyperthyroidism. Cats with a PUC were subclinical at the time of culture, regardless of urine sediment abnormalities. Further studies are necessary to determine the clinical significance of subclinical bacteriuria in hyperthyroid cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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16. Symmetric dimethylarginine in hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment with radioactive iodine.

Author

DeMonaco, Stefanie M, Panciera, David L, Morre, Wendy A, Conway, Tina, and Werre, Stephen

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment with radioactive iodine and to determine how pretreatment SDMA relates to the development of post-treatment azotemia. Methods: Eighty-four non-azotemic hyperthyroid cats had serum SDMA and creatinine evaluated before and 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment with radioiodine therapy. Results: Baseline SDMA was increased in 7% (n = 6/84) of cats, whereas SDMA was increased in 19% (n = 15/81), 20% (n = 16/80) and 32% (n = 26/81) at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment, respectively. Creatinine was not elevated in any of the cats at baseline because of the study design, and was elevated in 6% (n = 5/81), 15% (n = 12/80) and 15% (n = 12/81) of cats at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment, respectively. SDMA (median 11 μg/dl, range 1–22 μg/dl) was significantly higher at 3 (12 μg/dl, range 6–45 μg/dl; P = 0.005) and 6 months (11 μg/dl, 6–25 μg/dl; P <0.001) compared with baseline (11 μg /dl, range 1–21 μg/dl). The median baseline SDMA was significantly higher in the azotemic group (13 μg/dl, range 11–22 μg/dl) compared with the non-azotemic group (10 μg/dl, range 1–21 μg/dl, P = 0.002). The sensitivity of SDMA for detecting azotemia after treatment was 15.4%, with a specificity of 94.4%. Baseline serum SDMA concentration had a moderately positive association with baseline creatinine concentration (P <0.001, r = 0.437). At 6 months, there was a strong positive correlation between SDMA and creatinine concentrations (P <0.001, r = 0.721). There was no significant correlation with SDMA and thyroxine at baseline (P = 0.772, r = −0.034) or 6 months (P = 0.492, r = −0.078). Conclusions and relevance: SDMA increases in cats treated for hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine and likely reflects associated changes in glomerular filtration rate. An increased SDMA concentration above the reference interval prior to treatment has a high specificity but poor sensitivity for the prediction of post-treatment azotemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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19. Spontaneous Course of Biliary Sludge Over 12 Months in Dogs with Ultrasonographically Identified Biliary Sludge

Author

DeMonaco, Stefanie M., Grant, David C., Larson, Martha M., Panciera, David L., Leib, Michael S., DeMonaco, Stefanie M., Grant, David C., Larson, Martha M., Panciera, David L., and Leib, Michael S.

Abstract

Background: Biliary sludge is associated with gallbladder (GB) dysmotility and mucus hypersecretion suggesting a link between biliary sludge, and the formation of GB mucoceles (GMT). If biliary sludge progresses to GBM, treatment to reduce the production and progression of sludge is warranted. Hypothesis/Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the course of biliary sludge in dogs. Animals: Seventy-seven healthy, client-owned dogs >= 4 years of age screened for biliary sludge; 45 affected dogs identified. Methods: Prospective, observational design. Serial ultrasound examinations were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months to monitor degree of sludge based on proportion of GB filled with sludge (mild [0.01-24.4%] moderate [24.5-49.4%] moderate to severe [49.5-74.4%] severe, [74.5-100%), gravity dependency of sludge, and GB dimensions. Results: Alter 1 year of follow-up, the degree of sludge was mild (34 %), moderate (47% moderate to severe. (13%), severe (30 or absent (3%). There was no significant difference in median degree of sludge over 1 year (P = .36). There were no significant changes in the gravity dependency of sludge over 1 year. A subset of dogs, 24 %, with initial gravity-dependent sludge developed a combination of nondependent and dependent sludge. Dogs had resolved (2%), decreased (19%), static (40%), increased (29%), or recurrent (10 %) sludge at the conclusion of the study. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Biliary sludge was prevalent, affected dogs remained asymptomatic, and it rarely resolves in healthy dogs over a period of 1 year. Some dogs developed nongravity-dependent sludge within 1 year, which might indicate changes in consistency of sludge.

Published
2016
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20. Histopathologic Variation between Liver Lobes in Dogs

Author

Kemp, Stephanie D., Zimmerman, Kurt L., Panciera, David L., Monroe, William E., Leib, Michael S., Kemp, Stephanie D., Zimmerman, Kurt L., Panciera, David L., Monroe, William E., and Leib, Michael S.

Abstract

Background: Biopsy of the liver evaluates a small portion of tissue, with inferences made to the entire organ. The method and number of biopsies obtained are tempered by consideration of the risks and benefits. Recommendations often include biopsy of more than one liver lobe, although the consistency of histopathology among lobes in dogs is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives: To describe the distribution of histopathologic abnormalities between liver lobes. We hypothesized that discordant results would be evenly distributed among all liver lobes. Animals: Seventy dogs undergoing necropsy. Methods: Prospective study. Liver samples were obtained from all lobes. A primary diagnosis was assigned to each liver sample based on the predominant histopathologic abnormality. Results: In this population of dogs, biopsy of at least 2 liver lobes identified the predominant histologic abnormality in 98.6% of the cases. Ten ( 14%) of the dogs had = 3 lobes in agreement and could not be assigned a predominant diagnosis. The same diagnosis was present in 6/ 6 lobes in 39 ( 56.5%) dogs, 5/ 6 lobes in 10 ( 14.5%) dogs, 4/ 6 lobes in 10 ( 14.5%) dogs, 3/ 6 lobes in 7 ( 10.1%) dogs, and 2/ 6 in 3 ( 4.3%) dogs. The number of discordant results did not differ between the liver lobes. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The likelihood of obtaining a sample that is reflective of the predominant histologic abnormality in the liver is increased when multiple liver lobes are biopsied.

Published
2015
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21. A Comparison of Liver Sampling Techniques in Dogs

Author

Kemp, Stephanie D., Zimmerman, Kurt L., Panciera, David L., Monroe, William E., Leib, Michael S., Lanz, Otto I., Kemp, Stephanie D., Zimmerman, Kurt L., Panciera, David L., Monroe, William E., Leib, Michael S., and Lanz, Otto I.

Abstract

Background: The liver sampling technique in dogs that consistently provides samples adequate for accurate histopathologic interpretation is not known. Hypothesis/ Objectives: To compare histopathologic results of liver samples obtained by punch, cup, and 14 gauge needle to large wedge samples collected at necropsy. Animals: Seventy dogs undergoing necropsy. Methods: Prospective study. Liver specimens were obtained from the left lateral liver lobe with an 8 mm punch, a 5 mm cup, and a 14 gauge needle. After sample acquisition, two larger tissue samples were collected near the center of the left lateral lobe to be used as a histologic standard for comparison. Histopathologic features and numbers of portal triads in each sample were recorded. Results: The mean number of portal triads obtained by each sampling method were 2.9 in needle samples, 3.4 in cup samples, 12 in punch samples, and 30.7 in the necropsy samples. The diagnoses in 66% of needle samples, 60% of cup samples, and 69% of punch samples were in agreement with the necropsy samples, and these proportions were not significantly different from each other. The corresponding kappa coefficients were 0.59 for needle biopsies, 0.52 for cup biopsies, and 0.62 for punch biopsies. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The histopathologic interpretation of a liver sample in the dog is unlikely to vary if the liver biopsy specimen contains at least 3- 12 portal triads. However, in comparison large necropsy samples, the accuracy of all tested methods was relatively low.

Published
2015
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31. Efficacy and Safety of a Purified Porcine Insulin Zinc Suspension for Managing Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs

Author

Monroe, William E., primary, Laxton, David, additional, Fallin, Edward A., additional, Richter, Keith P., additional, Santen, Douglas R., additional, Panciera, David L., additional, Towell, Todd L., additional, Williams, Kimberly A., additional, Hart, John R., additional, Hill, Steve, additional, Finkler, Mark R., additional, and Shinn, Jennifer S., additional

Published
2005
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46. Effects of deracoxib and aspirin on serum concentrations of thyroxine, 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in healthy dogs.

Author

Panciera, David L., Refsal, Kent R., Sennello, Kathleen A., and Ward, Daniel L.

Subjects
*ASPIRIN, *DOGS, *THYROTROPIN, *PROTEINS, *PLACEBOS
Abstract

Objective--To evaluate the effects of deracoxib and aspirin on serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in healthy dogs. Animals--24 dogs. Procedure--Dogs were allocated to 1 of 3 groups of 8 dogs each. Dogs received the vehicle used for deracoxib tablets (PO, q 8 h; placebo), aspirin (23 to 25 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h), or deracoxib (1.25 to 1.8 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) and placebo (PO, q 8 h) for 28 days. Measurement of serum concentrations of T4, T3, fT4, and TSH were performed 7 days before treatment (day -7), on days 14 and 28 of treatment, and 14 days after treatment was discontinued. Plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations were measured on days -7 and 28. Results--Mean serum T4, fT4, and T3 concentrations decreased significantly from baseline on days 14 and 28 of treatment in dogs receiving aspirin, compared with those receiving placebo. Mean plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations on day 28 decreased significantly in dogs receiving aspirin, compared with those receiving placebo. Fourteen days after administration of aspirin was stopped, differences in hormone concentrations were no longer significant. Differences in serum TSH or the free fraction of T4 were not detected at any time. No significant difference in any of the analytes was detected at any time in dogs treated with deracoxib. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance--Aspirin had substantial suppressive effects on thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs. Treatment with high dosages of aspirin, but not deracoxib, should be discontinued prior to evaluation of thyroid function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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48. The authors respond:.

Author

Zimmerman, Kurt L. and Panciera, David L.

Subjects
*LETTERS to the editor, *DOG diseases
Abstract

A response by Kurt L. Zimmerman and colleagues to a letter to the editor about their article "Hyperphosphatasemia and concurrent adrenal gland dysfunction in apparently healthy Scottish Terriers" in the 2010 issue of the journal is presented.

Published
2010

49. Effects of hyperlipidemia on gallbladder motility in dogs

Author

Villm, Jessica Ann, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Demonaco, Stefanie, Bolton, Timothy, Panciera, David L., and Larson, Martha M.

Subjects
Hyperlipidemia, Gallbladder, Canine
Abstract

Background: The pathogenesis of gallbladder mucocele is unknown in the dog. It has been proposed that hyperlipidemia could impair gallbladder motility and contribute to gallbladder mucocele formation. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare gallbladder motility in dogs with hyperlipidemia to healthy, control dogs using ultrasonography. We hypothesized that hyperlipidemic dogs have decreased gallbladder motility, defined by increased fasting gallbladder volume (GBV) and decreased gallbladder ejection fractions at 60 (EF60) and 120 minutes (EF120) compared to controls. Animals: 26 hyperlipidemic dogs, 28 healthy control dogs Methods: Twenty-six hyperlipidemic and 28 healthy, age-matched control dogs were prospectively enrolled. Hyperlipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia (>332 mg/dL) and/or hypertriglyceridemia (>143 mg/dL). Dogs with both primary and secondary causes of hyperlipidemia were included. All dogs were fasted for at least 12 hours prior to collection of plasma biochemistry and pre-prandial ultrasound. Ultrasound was performed on dogs in the fasted state as well as at 60 and 120 minutes after being fed 10g/kg of a high fat diet (Hill's a/d diet; Hill's Pet Nutrition, Topeka, Kansas, USA). GBVs and EFs were calculated using the following formulas: GBV = (0.52 x L x W x H)/kg and EF = ((GBV0- GBV60,120)/GBV0) x 100, respectively. GBV0, GBV60, GBV120, EF60 and EF120 were compared between dogs with hyperlipidemia and controls using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Statistical significance was set to p

Published
2021

50. Evaluation of hemostasis in hyperthyroid cats

Author

Keebaugh, Audrey Elizabeth, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Demonaco, Stefanie, Boes, Katie M., Panciera, David L., and Abbott, Jonathan A.

Subjects
endocrine system, hypercoagulability, endocrine system diseases, Feline hyperthyroidism, hemostasis, radioiodine therapy, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Background: Hyperthyroid cats are predisposed to thrombus formation. The mechanism for thrombogenesis is currently unknown, but could be associated with altered hemostasis as seen in hyperthyroid humans. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate markers of hemostasis in hyperthyroid cats compared to healthy cats, and in hyperthyroid cats before and after treatments with radioactive iodine (RIT). Methods: Twenty-five cats with hyperthyroidism and 13 healthy euthyroid cats > 8 years of age were studied. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, antithrombin (AT), D-dimers, thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), von Willebrand Factor antigen (vWF:Ag), and activity of factors VIII and IX were measured. An echocardiogram was performed in all cats and healthy cats with abnormal echocardiograms were excluded. Measurements of hemostasis were evaluated again in 7 cats > 6 months after RIT and deemed to have restored euthyroid status. Results: There is a significant likelihood of being in hypercoagulable state based on hyperthyroid state (P = 0.019) and serum T4 level is significantly associated with predicating hypercoagulability (P = 0.043). Hyperthyroidism is associated with significantly higher median fibrinogen concentration (P < 0.0001), higher median AT activity (P < 0.0001), and higher median vWF:Ag level (P = 0.01) with all values decreasing significantly post-RIT. Fibrinogen and AT had a strong positive correlation with serum T4 value (r = 0.79; 95% CI 0.63 - 0.89 and r = 0.70; 95% CI 0.50 - 0.84, respectively). Presence of an abnormal echocardiogram in hyperthyroid cats was associated with a significantly higher median fibrinogen concentration (P = 0.03). Echocardiographic status did not have a significant impact on the remaining hemostatic markers in hyperthyroid cats. Conclusions: These results provide evidence of altered hemostasis and hypercoagulability in hyperthyroid cats that do not appear to be solely attributed to cardiac abnormalities. These differences of altered hemostasis resolved after radioiodine therapy, but further studies are warranted to determine if hypercoagulable state resolves. Master of Science In feline hyperthyroidism, there is a predisposition for thrombus formation. An alteration of hemostasis has been documented in hyperthyroid humans, but despite reports of thrombus formation in hyperthyroid cats, the underlying mechanism is currently unknown. Hyperthyroidism can lead to cardiac abnormalities that could possibly contribute thrombus formation, although thrombus formation has occurred in hyperthyroid cats without detected abnormalities. The goal of this study was to evaluate markers of hemostasis in hyperthyroid cats presenting for radioiodine therapy to evaluate for presence of hypercoagulability. Twenty-five hyperthyroid cats were evaluated with hemostasis panels and echocardiograms. The results were compared to a group of 13 healthy cats. Markers of hemostasis and echocardiograms in 7 hyperthyroid cats were also compared to results 6 months or greater post-radioiodine therapy. There was evidence of altered hemostasis and hypercoagulability in hyperthyroid cats. The alterations noted resolved after radioiodine therapy and do not appear to be solely attributed to cardiac abnormalities seen in hyperthyroid cats.

Published
2020

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