Search

The silver pomfret fish Pampus candidus (Previously known as Pampus argenteus Euphrasen) was collected from Iraqi marine waters in the northwest Persian Gulf between April and December 2021, using gillnet and demersal trawling. The lengths and weights of fish were recorded, along with data on the initial maturity length, sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (GSI), Dobriyal index, gonad maturation, development cycle, and absolute fecundity rate. The forked length of female individuals varied from 248 to 281mm, whereas that of male individuals ranged from 124 to 194mm. In July, young fish began to appear. Male individuals had a somehow shorter period of sexual maturity compared to female counterparts. Furthermore, it is noted that males tend to be generally less in size compared to females. The length at first maturity female and male was recorded as 203 and 115mm, respectively. The sex ratio tends to increase for males, and there were two peaks in the rise of the gonadosomatic index and Dobriyal's index, which indicate two periods of spawning activity during June and September. Six stages of fish maturity have been identified, with differences in the size of the eggs. They had a long and continuous breeding season that lasted from May to November, and they spawned by releasing eggs in batches. Notably, they have two distinct reproductive periods: The first during May and June and the second during October and November. The relationship of fecundity with weight was found to be more representative than with length. The document mentions that the silver pomfret spawning and nursery areas are adjacent to the Shatt al-Arab discharge area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three genes associated with the metabolism of Pampus argenteus, namely dehydropeptidase (dp), carboxypeptidase A (cpa), and sulfotransferase (sult), were cloned and evaluated using transcriptomics analysis, and their functions in the digestion and absorption of jellyfish were discussed. First, full-length cDNA sequences for dp1, cpa2l, and sult2 were cloned using RACE and confirmed using sequencing. The total length of the dp1 was 2 522 bp, with this transcript including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 272 bp, a signal peptide composed of 23 amino acids, and an amide hydrolase superfamily domain. The cpa2l transcript was 1 421 bp long and encoded a 1 260 bp ORF. This protein consisted of a signal peptide of 16 amino acids and was characterized by a typical M14 metal carboxypeptidase family domain. sult2 was 1 834 bp in length, producing an ORF of 714 bp, which included a typical sulfatase domain. In addition, homology evaluations of these three P. argenteus genes revealed that they were most similar to the bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii), and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that dp1, cpa2l, and sult2 were all closely related to their corresponding genes from T. maccoyii. RT-qPCR was then used to evaluate the expression levels of these three genes in different tissues and the changes in expression patterns in response to jellyfish ingestion. These experiments revealed that dp1 expression was naturally the highest in the liver (P < 0.05) and significantly increased in the brain, gills (P < 0.01), midgut, and kidney (P < 0.05), but significantly decreased in the muscle (P < 0.05) when compared to that in the non-feeding control. cpa2l expression was highest in the middle intestine in the non-jellyfish feeding group and the kidney in the jellyfish feeding group (P < 0.05) and was shown to be significantly increased in the liver (P < 0.01) but significantly decreased in the midgut and muscle (P < 0.01) when compared to that in the non-feeding group. sult2 expression was highest in the liver (P < 0.05) and significantly increased in the midgut, brain, gill, liver, and kidney in the feeding group compared to that in the non-feeding group (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that dp1, cpa2l, and sult2 play important roles in nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism in P. argenteus, especially in response to jellyfish feeding. In addition, the results of the tissue expression patterns for each of these genes following jellyfish ingestion suggest that dp1 is primarily involved in the regulation of digestion, absorption, and nutrient deposition; cpa2l is involved in the regulation of nutrient metabolism in the liver; and sult2 may play an important role in the overall process of digestion, absorption, and metabolism.

In the artificial breeding of Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788), female fish spawn before male release sperm, which indicates rapid ovarian development. In fish, aromatase is responsible for converting androgens into estrogens and estrogen plays a crucial role in ovarian development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of brain-type and ovarian-type aromatase to study the rapid ovarian development mechanism. The results showed that cyp19a1a was mainly expressed in the ovary and could be classified as the ovarian type, whereas cyp19a1b could be considered as the brain type for its expression was mainly in the brain. During ovarian development, the expression of cyp19a1a in the ovary significantly increased from stage IV to stage V and Cyp19a1a signals were present in the follicle cells, while cyp19a1b expression in the pituitary gland decreased from stage IV to stage V. To further investigate the function of Cyp19a1a, recombinant Cyp19a1a (rCyp19a1a) was produced and specific anti-Cyp19a1a antiserum was obtained. The expressions of cyp19a1a, estrogen receptors 2 alpha (esr2a), and androgen receptor alpha (arα) were significantly upregulated in the presence of rCyp19a1a. Meanwhile, cyp19a1a was expressed significantly after E2 treatment in both ovarian and testicular tissue culture. Taken together, we found two forms of aromatase in silver pomfret. The ovarian-type aromatase might play an important role in ovarian differentiation and maturation, and participate in E2 synthesis through co-regulation with esr2a. The brain-type aromatase cyp19a1b might be involved in the regulation of both brain and gonadal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pampus argenteus is important for commercial fishery catch species and is an emerging target for aquaculture production. Notably, P. argenteus has a bizarre morphology and lacks pelvic fins. However, the reason for the lack of pelvic fins remains unclear, ultimately leading to frequent upside-down floating of P. argenteus during breeding and marked consumption of physical energy. Some lineages, including whales, fugu, snakes, and seahorse, independently lost the pelvic appendages over evolutionary time. Do different taxa employ the same molecular genetic pathways when they independently evolve similar developmental morphologies? Through analysis of the gene responsible for appendage localization, Hoxd9, it was discovered that the Hox domain was absent in the Hoxd9 gene of P. argenteus, and the Hoxd9b gene lacked the Hox9 activation region, a feature not observed in the Hoxd9 gene of other fish species. Interestingly, those distinctive characteristics are not observed in the Hoxd9 gene of other fish species. To determine the association between the Hoxd9 gene characteristics and the pelvic fin deletion in P. argenteus, the full-length cDNA of the Hoxd9a gene was cloned, and morphological observations of the species' juveniles were performed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Thereafter, the tissue localization of Hoxd9a in the species was analyzed at the gene and protein levels. Based on the results, deletion of the Hoxd9a structural domain possibly leads to disruptions in the protein translation and the pelvic fin localization in P. argenteus during its early ontogenetic developmental stage, resulting in the absence of pelvic fins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensity of light has been known to play a crucial role in the growth and developmental processes of fish through the visual system. To investigate effects of light intensity on the growth, feeding patterns, retinal structure, and vision-related genes of silver pomfret, we set four groups including control (natural light), L0 (darkness), L100 (100 lux), and L1000 (1000 lux) at larval, juvenile and young stages. Full length and survival rate were significantly lower in L0 at larval and juvenile, while feeding rate was significantly higher in control and L1000; at young stage, weight and feeding rate was significantly lower in L0 and specific growth rate was significantly higher in control; but there was no significant difference in condition factor among four groups. Next, at larvae stage, we observed a clear ten-layer structure of the retina, which developed better in high light intensity groups; the number of melanin particles in pigment epithelial layer also increased with development of retina; at juvenile and young stages, low light intensity led to aggregation of melanin particles, and thickness of ganglion cell layer became thinner, with cell body decreasing to one layer in high light intensity groups. Finally, we examined expression of seven vision-related genes: RH1 gene was up-regulated at larvae stage and down-regulated at juvenile and young stages in L0 and L100, and RH2 and LWS initially increased and then declined with the development of the fish in control; conversely, SWS, SWS2, RPE65, and RBP were up-regulated in high light intensity groups. In conclusion, our study suggests that high light intensity can lead to improved growth and feeding patterns in fish, as well as promoting the development of retina and up-regulating the expression of pigment genes. Consequently, our findings provide a valuable theoretical foundation for optimizing the lighting scheme of the artificial breeding process of silver pomfret.

In the artificial breeding of Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788), female fish spawn before male release sperm, which indicates rapid ovarian development. In fish, aromatase is responsible for converting androgens into estrogens and estrogen plays a crucial role in ovarian development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of brain-type and ovarian-type aromatase to study the rapid ovarian development mechanism. The results showed that cyp19a1a was mainly expressed in the ovary and could be classified as the ovarian type, whereas cyp19a1b could be considered as the brain type for its expression was mainly in the brain. During ovarian development, the expression of cyp19a1a in the ovary significantly increased from stage IV to stage V and Cyp19a1a signals were present in the follicle cells, while cyp19a1b expression in the pituitary gland decreased from stage IV to stage V. To further investigate the function of Cyp19a1a, recombinant Cyp19a1a (rCyp19a1a) was produced and specific anti-Cyp19a1a antiserum was obtained. The expressions of cyp19a1a, estrogen receptors 2 alpha (esr2a), and androgen receptor alpha (arα) were significantly upregulated in the presence of rCyp19a1a. Meanwhile, cyp19a1a was expressed significantly after E2 treatment in both ovarian and testicular tissue culture. Taken together, we found two forms of aromatase in silver pomfret. The ovarian-type aromatase might play an important role in ovarian differentiation and maturation, and participate in E2 synthesis through co-regulation with esr2a. The brain-type aromatase cyp19a1b might be involved in the regulation of both brain and gonadal development.

Schizochytrium sp. is a kind of heterotrophic protist, rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To study the application value of Schizochytrium sp. in fish diet, a 20-day feeding experiment was initiated to evaluate its effect on growth, fatty acid contents, and the gut microbiota of the important economic fish, silver pomfret. In this study, the diets of the treatment group were added with 2% Schizochytrium sp. The fish in the treatment group gained more weight and had a higher growth rate than the control group. The levels of DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the edible tissue of fish were highly increased in the treatment group after 20 days. After feeding Schizochytrium sp., high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the phyla with the highest abundance, and at the genus and species level, we observed an increased abundance of probiotics. The results indicated that ingestion of Schizochytrium sp. could change the dominant microbiota population, which might lead to accelerated growth and improved unsaturated fatty acid content and fish health. This study provides a reference for Schizochytrium sp. supplementation in fish diets and could aid in the industrialization of silver pomfret. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pharyngeal sac is a comparatively rare organ in the digestive tract among teleost fishes. However, our understanding of this remarkable organ in the silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) is limited. In the present study, we examined the various morphological and histological characteristics of the pharyngeal sac using histochemical techniques and electron microscopy. The pharyngeal sac showed unique characteristics such as well-developed muscular walls, weakly keratinized epithelium, numerous goblet cells, and needle-like processes on the papillae. The porous cavity of the papillae contained numerous adipocytes and was tightly enveloped by type I collagen fibers. These structures might provide mechanical protection and excellent biomechanical properties for grinding and shredding prey. A comparison of gene expression levels between the pharyngeal sac and esophagus using RNA-seq showed that phenotype-associated genes (epithelial genes and muscle genes) were upregulated, whereas genes related to nutrient digestion and absorption were downregulated in the pharyngeal sac. These results support the role of the pharyngeal sac in shredding and predigesting food. Overall, these findings provide a clearer understanding of the pharyngeal sac morphology and explain the morphological adaptations of the digestive tract for feeding on gelatinous prey. To our knowledge, this is the first report on pharyngeal sac gene expression in P. argenteus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study delved into exploring the bacterial profiles and volatile compounds during the fermentation of two distinct fish sauces, i.e., Larimichthys polyactis (LP) and Pampus argenteus (PA), and a co-occurrence network was employed to investigate the underlying relationship between flavor and microorganisms. The pH (6.97–5.66) remarkably declined while the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N, 92.36–116.55 mg/100 mL) and amino acid nitrogen (AAN, 104.49–638.68 mg/100 mL) contents gradually rose with the fermentation of LP and PA samples. Bacterial community analysis revealed that Psychrobacter was the dominant genus before LP fermentation, and its relative abundance was gradually occupied by Staphylococcus after 7M. The most dominant genus before PA fermentation was Photobacterium , while Virgibacillus emerged as the predominant genera of PA samples after 7M. Seven main volatile compounds made salient contributions (VIP ≥1.0, ROAV ≥1.0) to the flavor of LP- and PA-fermented samples, respectively. Among them, three typical genera (Tetragenococcus , Streptococcus and Staphylococcus) and four specific genera (Tetragenococcus , Psychrobacter , Vagococcus and Lactobacillus) were the core microorganisms contributing to flavor compounds in LP and PA samples, respectively. Therefore, acquiring insight into the microbes responsible for key flavors in multi-variety fermented fish sauces could provide essential indicators for optimizing commercial fermentation processes. • LP- and PA-fermented fish sauces at different stages were prepared. • 7 and 7 flavor compounds made salient contribution to the LP and PA fish sauces. • Microbial profiles exist differences among two samples and four fermentation stages. • Co-occurrence network model elucidated microbe correlations with volatile compounds. • 3 and 4 core genera were well related to key flavor compounds in LP and PA samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) is one of the most widely distributed and economically important pelagic fish species. However, an unique morphological feature of P. argenteus is the loss of pelvic fins, which can increase the energy requirement during food capture to some extent and is therefore not conducive to artificial culture. Tbx4/5 genes are highly conserved regulatory factors that regulate limb development in vertebrates and are in turn regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the miRNAs that directly regulate the Tbx4/5 genes in P. argenteus remain to be elucidated. Methods: The Tbx4/5 genes of P. argenteus were first cloned, and the small RNA transcriptomes were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing during the critical period of the fin development at days 1, 7, and 13 of hatching. The miRNAs regulating the Tbx4/5 genes of P. argenteus were subsequently predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and the related miRNAs were verified in vitro using a dual fluorescence reporter system. Results: A total of 662 miRNAs were identified, of which 257 were known miRNAs and 405 were novel miRNAs were identified. Compared to day 1, 182 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) on day 7, of which 77 and 105 miRNAs were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, while 278 miRNAs were DE on day 13, of which 136 and 142 miRNAs were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Compared to day 13, four miRNAs were DE on day 7, of which three miRNAs were downregulated and one miRNA was upregulated. The results of hierarchical clustering of the miRNAs revealed that the DE genes were inversely expressed between days 1 and 7, and between days 1 and 13 of larval development, indicating that the larvae were in the peak stage of differentiation. However, the number of DE genes between days 7 and 13 of larval development was relatively small, suggesting the initiation of development. The potential target genes of the DE miRNAs were subsequently predicted, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of target genes were performed. The results suggested that the DE miRNAs were involved in growth, development, and signal transduction pathways, of which the Wnt and Fgfs signaling pathways are known to play important roles in the growth and development of fins. The results of dual fluorescence reporter assays demonstrated that miR-102, miR-301c, and miR-589 had a significant negative regulatory effect on the 3?Œ-UTR of the Tbx4 gene, while miR-187, miR-201, miR-219, and miR-460 had a significant negative regulatory effect on the 3′-UTR of the Tbx5 gene. Altogether, the findings indicated that miRNAs play an important role in regulating the growth and development of pelvic fins in P. argenteus. This study provides a reference for elucidating the interactions between the miRNAs and target genes of P. argenteus in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed at assessing the impact of addition of fumaric acid (0.5%), as an active agent, in a corn starch (2%) based edible coating, on the lipid quality and microbial shelf life of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) fish steaks stored at 4 °C. Treating fish steaks with FA resulted in a bacteriostatic effect leading to reduced counts of total mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, H2S producing bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. The total mesophilic bacterial count of uncoated control sample exceeded the permissible limit of 7 log cfu g−1 on 6th day and had the lowest microbial shelf life. FA incorporation in the CS coating improved the microbial stability of fish steaks resulting in a shelf life of 15 days. The outcomes of the study suggest that CS based coating is beneficial in delaying lipid oxidation as displayed by the lower TBA and PV values while FA is an effective agent for further increasing the preservative action of CS coating by significantly inhibiting microbial growth as well as lipid quality deterioration, which could be exploited by the seafood industry as an active packaging component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pampus argenteus is important for commercial fishery catch species and is an emerging target for aquaculture production. Notably, P. argenteus has a bizarre morphology and lacks pelvic fins. However, the reason for the lack of pelvic fins remains unclear, ultimately leading to frequent upside-down floating of P. argenteus during breeding and marked consumption of physical energy. Some lineages, including whales, fugu, snakes, and seahorse, independently lost the pelvic appendages over evolutionary time. Do different taxa employ the same molecular genetic pathways when they independently evolve similar developmental morphologies? Through analysis of the gene responsible for appendage localization, Hoxd9, it was discovered that the Hox domain was absent in the Hoxd9 gene of P. argenteus, and the Hoxd9b gene lacked the Hox9 activation region, a feature not observed in the Hoxd9 gene of other fish species. Interestingly, those distinctive characteristics are not observed in the Hoxd9 gene of other fish species. To determine the association between the Hoxd9 gene characteristics and the pelvic fin deletion in P. argenteus, the full-length cDNA of the Hoxd9a gene was cloned, and morphological observations of the species’ juveniles were performed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Thereafter, the tissue localization of Hoxd9a in the species was analyzed at the gene and protein levels. Based on the results, deletion of the Hoxd9a structural domain possibly leads to disruptions in the protein translation and the pelvic fin localization in P. argenteus during its early ontogenetic developmental stage, resulting in the absence of pelvic fins.

Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) is an economically important mariculture species. However, little is known about the genetic parameters of its commercially important traits. In order to determine whether continuous progress can be achieved by selection for growth, we took the body weight trait of East China Sea P. argenteus as the target trait of mass selection. The realized heritability of P. argenteus from the selected group and control group was analyzed at the three growth times (60, 90, and 120 days). The results showed that the growth performance parameters of the selected group in the third month post hatching were higher than those in the control group, but the opposite results were found in the fourth month. The morphological traits highly correlated with the body weight of P. argenteus were found by Pearson correlation analysis and path analysis, which were body length and tail length, respectively. On the 60th, 90th, and 120th days after hatching, the genetic gains of body weight trait in the selected group were 9.44%, 17.64%, and 15.18%, respectively, and the mean values of realized heritability were at moderate level. Nevertheless, in the selected group, the genetic variation values of the two morphological traits significantly related to body weight were all below 10%, and the genetic gains were relatively low and stable, but the genetic variation values of body weight trait in the selected group were above 20%, and genetic gains were relatively high. These implied that it is possible to obtain considerable genetic gains by selecting for body weight trait, and the results provide supportive evidence for the continuity of the P. argenteus-selective breeding program.

Abstract The present investigation was aimed to examine the percentage quantity of protein and amino acids in scales and muscles of Pampus argenteus and Parastromateus niger gathered from the local fish market of district Quetta of Balochistan. About 80 specimens of these two species, i.e., Pampus argenteus (N=40) and Parastromateus niger (N = 40), were collected from April 2017 to May 2018. In general, crude protein content was high in scales, that is, 71.03% in Parastromateus niger and 52.11% in Pampus argenteus, as well as in muscles of two Pomfret species of fishes i.e., 63.44% in Pampus argenteus and 60.99% in Parastromateus niger on a dry-weight basis, respectively. Likewise, the muscles and scales of Parastromateus niger reveal well compositions of amino acids that include proline was found to be high, and methionine was less than other amino acids, whereas threonine was found high in the scales of Pampus argenteus, but methionine was observed in lesser amount. However, the amino acids found in Pampus argenteus muscles also showed different compositions, such as lysine was found to be high, but histidine was less, respectively. In comparison, amino acids like tryptophan and cysteine were not detected in both scales and muscles of thesePomfret species of fishes. Thus, this study was based on analyzing the utilization of both Pomfret species of scales and meat whether they could have values as good supplements of both protein and certain kinds of essential amino acids in animal diets.

The effects of different processing methods (Frying cooking, brining and boiling) on the proximate composition of fish species (Pampus argenteus) were investigated. The objective of this work is to know the best processing methods, the effect of processing on nutritional values of fish products. The result of the proximate composition of the fish species showed that the highest protein content (38.17%) was in P. argenteus processed with the frying process. The result of moisture content indicated that boiled samples were consistently the least (25.20%) while for fried sample had the highest moisture percentage. The lipid was reduced to the least value of 9.94% in the brined fish. In cooking, the important factors for consideration are moisture, lipids, and protein, though low moisture would ensure a fish product with extended shelf life. To have a longer shelf life, high protein is desirable, a low lipid is equally desirable as to reduce oxidation and rancidity in the samples which causes off-flavor and bad taste in fish products. In conclusion, all the processing methods are good and could extend the shelf life of the products with an exception of boiling method; they could keep the fish fillet free from spoilage and microorganisms attack for some period. This study showed that the proximate values obtained could be of help in choosing fish based on nutritional values.

Schizochytrium sp. is a kind of heterotrophic protist, rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To study the application value of Schizochytrium sp. in fish diet, a 20-day feeding experiment was initiated to evaluate its effect on growth, fatty acid contents, and the gut microbiota of the important economic fish, silver pomfret. In this study, the diets of the treatment group were added with 2% Schizochytrium sp. The fish in the treatment group gained more weight and had a higher growth rate than the control group. The levels of DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the edible tissue of fish were highly increased in the treatment group after 20 days. After feeding Schizochytrium sp., high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the phyla with the highest abundance, and at the genus and species level, we observed an increased abundance of probiotics. The results indicated that ingestion of Schizochytrium sp. could change the dominant microbiota population, which might lead to accelerated growth and improved unsaturated fatty acid content and fish health. This study provides a reference for Schizochytrium sp. supplementation in fish diets and could aid in the industrialization of silver pomfret.

The pharyngeal sac is a comparatively rare organ in the digestive tract among teleost fishes. However, our understanding of this remarkable organ in the silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) is limited. In the present study, we examined the various morphological and histological characteristics of the pharyngeal sac using histochemical techniques and electron microscopy. The pharyngeal sac showed unique characteristics such as well-developed muscular walls, weakly keratinized epithelium, numerous goblet cells, and needle-like processes on the papillae. The porous cavity of the papillae contained numerous adipocytes and was tightly enveloped by type I collagen fibers. These structures might provide mechanical protection and excellent biomechanical properties for grinding and shredding prey. A comparison of gene expression levels between the pharyngeal sac and esophagus using RNA-seq showed that phenotype-associated genes (epithelial genes and muscle genes) were upregulated, whereas genes related to nutrient digestion and absorption were downregulated in the pharyngeal sac. These results support the role of the pharyngeal sac in shredding and predigesting food. Overall, these findings provide a clearer understanding of the pharyngeal sac morphology and explain the morphological adaptations of the digestive tract for feeding on gelatinous prey. To our knowledge, this is the first report on pharyngeal sac gene expression in P. argenteus.

Abstract Pampus argenteus (Perciformes: Stromateidae) is widely distributed along the coast of China, Indian Ocean, Arabian Gulf and North Sea. Due to overfishing and environmental degradation, its resources reduced year after year. Thus, new management strategies are urgently needed for the sustainable growth and utilization of this species. Characterization of the genetic variation of this fish species is essential for conserving the genetic resource and restraining the population decline. Therefore, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the intraspecific genetic diversity and population structure of the species. In this study, we assess the genetic diversity and population structure of P. argenteus by using microsatellites. We genotyped 240 P. argenteus individuals from eight wild populations collected from Shidao (SD), Lianyungang (LYG), Lvsi (LS), Zhoushan (ZS), Dongtou (DT), Xiapu (XP), Haikou (HK), and Beibuwan (BBW) along the coast of China using fifteen polymorphic microsatellites. A total of 139 alleles were determined at 15 loci across the eight populations, and a relatively high level of genetic diversity was observed, with observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranging from 0.100 to 1.000, and from 0.669 to 0.934 per locus-location combination, respectively. LS had the highest average allele (number of alleles, A=15.200), and HK the lowest (A=13.000). Hos of P. argenteus are less than Hes, indicating lack of heterozygote within populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that most variation (95.66%) occurred within populations, suggesting that this is the main source of total variance. This study will provide useful information for conservation and sustainable exploitation of this important fishery resource.

The effects of different processing methods (Frying cooking, brining and boiling) on the proximate composition of fish species (Pampus argenteus) were investigated. The objective of this work is to know the best processing methods, the effect of processing on nutritional values of fish products. The result of the proximate composition of the fish species showed that the highest protein content (38.17%) was in P. argenteus processed with the frying process. The result of moisture content indicated that boiled samples were consistently the least (25.20%) while for fried sample had the highest moisture percentage. The lipid was reduced to the least value of 9.94% in the brined fish. In cooking, the important factors for consideration are moisture, lipids, and protein, though low moisture would ensure a fish product with extended shelf life. To have a longer shelf life, high protein is desirable, a low lipid is equally desirable as to reduce oxidation and rancidity in the samples which causes off-flavor and bad taste in fish products. In conclusion, all the processing methods are good and could extend the shelf life of the products with an exception of boiling method; they could keep the fish fillet free from spoilage and microorganisms attack for some period. This study showed that the proximate values obtained could be of help in choosing fish based on nutritional values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver pomfret fish (Stromateidae) is a family of Perciformes order. One species of this family is Pampus argenteus known as silver pomfret and lives in different parts of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Therefore, the genetic relationship between its populations is so important. In this study, eight samples of Pampus argenteus were collected from four locations involved: Emam Khomeyni, Bushehr and Bandar Abbas in Persian Gulf and Chabahar in Gulf of Oman. Cytochrome b gene and D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA on these samples are analyzed. These genes are carried out using PCR with specific mtDNA primers and sequenced. Then, the evolutionary history was inferred by using the maximum-likelihood method. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7. According to the phylogenetic trees, with translocations in Persian Gulf to Gulf of Oman, similarity decreases slowly. Chabahar1 sample in phylogenetic tree of cytochrome b is phylogenetically near China Sea samples. The reason may be migration from ocean to gulf throughout the centuries and Chabahar is in Gulf of Oman and locationally near the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean. In D-loop region, results are similar to cytochrome b excepting one sample (Emam Khomeyni1). D-Loop in samples shows modification more than cytochrome b for the reason absence of protein product.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the illegal Silver pomfret catch by fixed gill-nets in Hormozgan inshore waters (Qeshm Island). Sampling was performed in Bandar Laft estuaries through three fishing boats between April to July 2015. The fishing gears were the nylon mono-filament fixed gill-net with 6.5 cm mesh size (bar), 200 m length and 8-10 m height. The non-parametric bootstrap method was utilized to estimate the average catch rate (± Confidence interval) of commercial fish caught. After forty-eight landings, the catch composition included 14 teleost fish species and 1 invertebrate. The catch composition by weight also included 59.57 % target species (P. argenteus) and 40.43 % incidental catch. For incidental fish caught, M. cephalus and P. sextarius with 39.58 % and 6.83 % had highest and lowest occurrence and L. johnii with 4.57 % had highest weight percentage. The catch rate (kg.boat-1.day-1) of P. argenteus was calculated between 9.125 and 16.941. Using Monte Carlo procedure, annual illegal Silver pomfret catch was estimated between 265.690 to 303.701 tonnes (α=0.05).

The Sparidentex hasta and Pampus argenteus species of fish consumed in the south of Iran are abundant in a particular season, so they should be frozen for consumption throughout the year. That is why this research was carried out to investigate the effects of freezing on some of the physicochemical properties of the fillets of the fishes. Such parameters were determined as fat (by the chloroform-methanol method), the amount of TBA (thiobarbituric acid) in fish muscle (by Pearson's method), pH (with a pH meter), and FFA (Free fatty acids) - by the titration method, in the presence of phenolphthalein. They were determined basing on the percentage of oleic acid. The peroxide value, according to AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), was tested in fresh samples at time zero and after different periods of freezing. The results showed that the TBA content in fish fillet for Pampus argenteus and Sparidentex hasta was 0.65 and 0.53, respectively. The highest percentage of fat was found for Pampus argenteus after 95 days (24.22%), and for Sparidentex hasta after 35 days (25.19%). The highest free fatty acids contents (0.9% and 0.97%) was found for Sparidentex hasta and Pampus argenteus after 95 days. It can be concluded that the TBA and FFA contents and pH of both fish species increased during storage in a freezer. The peroxide value in Pampus argenteus was reduced, but in Sparidentex hasta showed no significant differentce. The best time of storage of Pampus argenteus and Sparidentex hasta at -18°C was 35 days of freezing, but the nutritional value of the fillets and the fatty acids reduced greatly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freezing fish to prevent fish spoilage. Because microorganisms at temperatures below 18 ° C do not grow and speed of chemical reactions fish at this temperature reaches a minimum. In this project, the effect of freezing on fat oxidation of fish fillets Sparidentex hasta and Pampus argenteus were studied and results were compared together. 10 kg of Sparidentex hasta and Pampus argenteus randomly were purchased from Behbahan city market, respectively, with an average weight (350±2/20g, 750 ±38/15g), after wasing them, the fillets were prepared separately in closed packages in freezer with a temperature of -18 °C for 35, 65 and 95 days were maintained. Men tioned factors such as, TBA, PH, FFA, and peroxide of fresh and frozen samples were tested after each period freezing. The TBA, FFA and pH levels of both species increased in all during storage. Peroxide index in Pampus argenteus reduced but no significant change in Sparidentex hasta in the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study changes in fatty acids profile during frozen storage at -18°C for (Pampus argenteus) and (Sparidentex hasta), caught from the Persian Gulf (Bandar Deylam) were studied. Changes in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), EPA+DHA/C16, n-3/n-6 and high unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) were investigated during 95 days storage at -18°C. Twenty fatty acids were found in (Pampus argenteus) with high percentage of saturated fatty acids (44.06%), polyunsaturated fatty acids (32.17%), high unsaturated fatty acids (27.8%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (22.62%) and for (Sparidentex hasta) found high percentage of PUFA(41.39%), HUFA (37.35%), SFA (36.42%) and MUFA (21.76%). The percentage of Fatty acids of SFA and PUFA in fish Sparidentex Hasta during this study did not show a significant difference. The percentage of MUFA fatty acids and HUFA during the freezing period were varied so that the maximum amounts of MUFA and HUFA were found on 65 and 0 day respectively. The fish Pampus Argenteus were found also the highest percentage of fatty acids of SFA, PUFA and HUFA during freezing on the days 65 and 35, but for MUFA no significant difference during freezing. Percentage of palmitic acid were found (28.06% and 23.72%), stearic acid (7.84% and 10.21%) in Silver pomfret and Progies respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acids of Silver pomfret and Progies were determined as DHA (19.87% and 22.57%), oleic acid (15.02% and 14.55%) respectively. As a result of the frozen storage (up to 95 days), fatty acid groups such as polyunsaturated, high unsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated, as well as in the n-3/n-6 ratio were decreased and it means that the nutritional value of Silver pomfret and Progies has decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) is known to promote ovarian maturation by interacting with other hormones. However, the limited research on the role of Igf1 in the energy metabolism supply of gonads has hindered further exploration. To explore the role of Igf1 in gonadal development of silver pomfret, we analyzed the expression levels and the localization of igf1 mRNA and protein during testicular and ovarian development of silver pomfret. The results of the study showed upregulation of Igf1 in the critical period of vitellogenesis and sperm meiosis, which was found to be mainly expressed in the somatic cells of the gonads. Upon adding E2 and Igf1 to cultured gonadal tissues, the expression of energy-related genes was significantly increased, along with the E2-enhanced effect of Igf1 in the testis. Importantly, stimulation of both ovaries and testes with E2 and Igf1 led to a remarkable increase in the expression of vitellogenesis and meiosis-related genes. Therefore, we conclude that Igf1 promotes vitellogenesis and sperm meiosis by regulating gonadal energy production. Moreover, the expression of Igf1 in gonads is significantly regulated by E2. These findings provide new insights for the research of Igf1 in fish breeding, thus allowing the regulation of energy metabolism between growth and reproduction for successful reproductive outcomes., (© Crown copyright 2023.)

A total of 162 specimens of Silver Pomfret (Pampus argenteus) including 38 samples from Kuwait and 124 samples from Iran (24 from Khouzestan, 24 from Chabahar and 38 from Bushehr) were examined for their DNA structure. DNA from all specimens was extracted using the Phenol-chloroform and amplified using PCR method with a pair of primers with ND2 gene sequence. The PCR products were abowt 1300 (bp) for all samples. For RFLP analysis 16 restriction enzymes Bel I, Pst I, Acc II. BseN I, Tru I, Dra I, Alw26 I, Hin6 I, Tas I, Alu I, EeoR I ,Hae III, Hine II. Hind III. Hinf I and Hpa II were used. DNA bands were visualized by Gel electrophoresis (polyacrylamid) and staining with silver nitrate. Out of 16 enzymes, four showed polymorphism that includedg Hinf I, Alu I, Ace II, and Hpa II. Of the total 162 samples, 13 showed polymorphic patterns. Six haplotypes were rare occurring only once, but others which were only four different kinds occurred more than once. The REAP test gave no significant result for the examined regions (P>0.05). Therefore, our results revealed that the Pampus argenteus stocks in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea of Iranian and Kuwaiti waters constitute a unique population.

Silver pomfert (Pampus argenteus) belongs to Stromatidae family and is considered an important commercial fish found in some major fishing grounds of the Hormozgan province waters. The stomach contents of 853 collected specimens were investigated from June 2001 to November 2002. The change in stomach content relative to the length classes and gonad stages, vacuity index, gastro-somatic index and frequency percentage of different food items were also studied. The diet consisted of a broad spectrum of food types, but crustaceans (especiallycopepods) were dominant. The next major food group was Bacillarlphyceae (16 genera), followed by Cyanophyceae (6 genera) and mollusks. Other major groups were Nematodeworms, Foraminifera and Dinophyceae (6 genera). Copepods were the primary and main food items with the Bacillarlophyceae being the second most important prey. Therelationship between stomach contents and maturity stages in females showed that the food take up increased during adult stages and then decreased during spawning periods. The vacuityindex (CV) was calculated as 14.49, indicating the voracity of Pampus argenteus. The gastro-somaticindex was estimated to be 4.5 based on monthly and maximum values during February.

Two essential metal contaminations were studied in a total of sixty silver pomfret Pampus argenteus samples. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the levels of Zn and Cu in the muscle tissues of the commercial species P. argenteus in the fishing harbour of Karachi, the most important in Pakistan, and to correlate the concentration of metals with respect to fish size. Moreover, this study sought to establish the potential risk to humans from consumption of fish samples contaminated with these heavy metals. Zn concentrations in the silver pomfret were higher than Cu. The ranges of Zn and Cu concentrations were found to be from 2 to 12 and 1 to 6 mg/kg dry wt., respectively. The differences in both Zn and Cu concentrations between seasons were statistically significant. These results can be used to provide baseline information for risk assessment associated with their consumption, as the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) for the fish tissues and Zn and Cu levels were below the daily dietary allowance recommended by international standards. Therefore, it may be concluded that these metals should not pose any health threat to the consumers resulting from the consumption of the fish. The relationship between Zn and Cu levels and fish size (both length and weight) of the fish were minimal, indicating that metal concentration in fish tissues was independent of lengths and weights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, is a fish species from coastal waters. Despite its high commercial value, this edible fish has not been sequenced. Hence, its genetic and genomic studies have been limited. We report the first draft genome sequence of the silver pomfret obtained using a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. We assembled 38.7 Gb of nucleotides into scaffolds of 350 Mb with N50 of about 1.5 kb, using high quality paired end reads. These scaffolds represent 63.7% of the estimated silver pomfret genome length. The newly sequenced and assembled genome has 11.06% repetitive DNA regions, and this percentage is comparable to that of the tilapia genome. The genome analysis predicted 16 322 genes. About 91% of these genes showed homology with known proteins. Many gene clusters were annotated to protein and fatty-acid metabolism pathways that may be important in the context of the meat texture and immune system developmental processes. The reference genome can pave the way for the identification of many other genomic features that could improve breeding and population-management strategies, and it can also help characterize the genetic diversity of P. argenteus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver pomfret fish (Stromateidae) is a family of Perciformes order. One species of this family is Pampus argenteus known as silver pomfret and lives in different parts of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Therefore, the genetic relationship between its populations is so important. In this study, eight samples of Pampus argenteus were collected from four locations involved: Emam Khomeyni, Bushehr and Bandar Abbas in Persian Gulf and Chabahar in Gulf of Oman. Cytochrome b gene and D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA on these samples are analyzed. These genes are carried out using PCR with specific mtDNA primers and sequenced. Then, the evolutionary history was inferred by using the maximum-likelihood method. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7. According to the phylogenetic trees, with translocations in Persian Gulf to Gulf of Oman, similarity decreases slowly. Chabahar1 sample in phylogenetic tree of cytochrome b is phylogenetically near China Sea samples. The reason may be migration from ocean to gulf throughout the centuries and Chabahar is in Gulf of Oman and locationally near the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean. In D-loop region, results are similar to cytochrome b excepting one sample (Emam Khomeyni1). D-Loop in samples shows modification more than cytochrome b for the reason absence of protein product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jellyfish are sometimes considered as valueless because of their supposed low nutritive content. Here, we conducted feeding experiments on silver pomfret juveniles to evaluate the dietary value of jellyfish. Six treatments, including a starvation treatment (S) and five feeding treatments, with Aurelia aurita ( AA), Rhopilema esculentum ( RE), artificial diet (AD), both A. aurita and artificial diet ( A&A), and both R. esculentum and artificial diet ( R&A), were carried out to compare fish survival rates and growth performance. Fish with S treatment showed a 48% mortality rate and reduced body weight, whereas fish with AA and RE treatments showed no death and much increased body weight. Fish with A&A and R&A treatments exhibited a much faster growth than that with AD treatment. Further, the effects of diet on biochemical composition of silver pomfrets were explored. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), seven different fatty acids, and six different essential amino acids (EAAs) were showed to be good indicators to assess silver pomfrets' response to their prey. Our experiment indicated that the jellyfish, A. aurita and R. esculentum, can provide energy for silver pomfrets' metabolism and growth, and as supplemental food are suitable for rearing silver pomfret juveniles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Silver pomfret ( Pampus argenteus ) is one of the most widely distributed and economically important pelagic fish species. However, an unique morphological feature of P. argenteus is the loss of pelvic fins, which can increase the energy requirement during food capture to some extent and is therefore not conducive to artificial culture. Tbx4/5 genes are highly conserved regulatory factors that regulate limb development in vertebrates and are in turn regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the miRNAs that directly regulate the Tbx4/5 genes in P. argenteus remain to be elucidated., Methods: The Tbx4/5 genes of P. argenteus were first cloned, and the small RNA transcriptomes were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing during the critical period of the fin development at days 1, 7, and 13 of hatching. The miRNAs regulating the Tbx4/5 genes of P. argenteus were subsequently predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and the related miRNAs were verified in vitro using a dual fluorescence reporter system., Results: A total of 662 miRNAs were identified, of which 257 were known miRNAs and 405 were novel miRNAs were identified. Compared to day 1, 182 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) on day 7, of which 77 and 105 miRNAs were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, while 278 miRNAs were DE on day 13, of which 136 and 142 miRNAs were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Compared to day 13, four miRNAs were DE on day 7, of which three miRNAs were downregulated and one miRNA was upregulated. The results of hierarchical clustering of the miRNAs revealed that the DE genes were inversely expressed between days 1 and 7, and between days 1 and 13 of larval development, indicating that the larvae were in the peak stage of differentiation. However, the number of DE genes between days 7 and 13 of larval development was relatively small, suggesting the initiation of development. The potential target genes of the DE miRNAs were subsequently predicted, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of target genes were performed. The results suggested that the DE miRNAs were involved in growth, development, and signal transduction pathways, of which the Wnt and Fgfs signaling pathways are known to play important roles in the growth and development of fins. The results of dual fluorescence reporter assays demonstrated that miR-102, miR-301c, and miR-589 had a significant negative regulatory effect on the 3'-UTR of the Tbx4 gene, while miR-187, miR-201, miR-219, and miR-460 had a significant negative regulatory effect on the 3'-UTR of the Tbx5 gene. Altogether, the findings indicated that miRNAs play an important role in regulating the growth and development of pelvic fins in P. argenteus . This study provides a reference for elucidating the interactions between the miRNAs and target genes of P. argenteus in future studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2022 Zhang et al.)