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31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2945-2951, Integration in the power system is becoming a limiting factor to the further development of photovoltaics. Proper quantification is needed to evaluate both issues and solutions; the share of annual electricity demand is widely used but we found that some of the metrics which are related to power rather than energy better reflect the impact on networks. Barriers to wider deployment of PV into power grids can be split between local technical issues (voltage levels, harmonics distortion, reverse power flows and transformer loading) and system-wide issues (intermittency, reduction of system resilience). Many of the technical solutions to these issues rely on the inverters as actuators (e.g., for control of active and reactive power) or as interfaces (e.g., for local storage). This role requires further technical standardisation and needs to be taken into account in the planning of power networks. Forecasting, storage, and combination with other renewable sources are interdependent solutions to solve the intermittency issue. Finally, we found that PV is also an opportunity to reduce some investment required to upgrade existing power networks. Through integration with micro-grids and hybrid generators, it can form the basis of novel power systems.

29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4030-4033, In this paper we explore the value of a big data approach to the solar PV market in The Netherlands. As a pilot we choose a specific area on a scale of 200.000 inhabitants. Available data sets from different sources depicting a variety of relevant parameters were brought onto the same Geographical Information System base. We demonstrate how this approach can help in understanding, planning and controlling the energy system.

28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4809-4814, A new concept of PV grid-parity is presented for three typical case studies in Germany and Italy by including the fixed costs of the electricity bills. The electricity bills have been analysed for residential and tertiarysector users: in Germany the fixed costs are negligible, whereas in Italy the common loads of apartment blocks are heavily charged by the cost of the available power. The grid-parity problem is analysed as an investment in which the net present value provides the convenience or not of the installation of a PV plant. The main results take into account the different economic situation in the Countries by the interest rates of 3-5 % in Germany and 4-9 % in Italy. The grid-parity for dwelling houses is close to be reached in South of Germany/Italy; the grid parity is achieved in Munich for the users in apartment-blocks, while it is unrealistic to be reached in Italy with the current tariff situation; the grid-parity is reached in South of Germany/Italy for the tertiary-sector users.