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As a continuation of the studies performed in the previous fiscal year, the study of feasibility of conducting the dynamic surface deformation measurement on the liquid bridge, to be utilized for the liquid bridge Marangoni convection experiments using the JEM Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF), was performed. From these studies, the specifications of the experiment cell was established based on the studies of installing the Dynamic Surface Deformation (DSD) measurement device into the experiment cell, and the detailed measurement based on the Microscopic Imaging Displacement Meter (MIDM) method for liquid bridge dynamic surface measurement. This study also included the compatibility with the FPEF and confirmed that all interfaces conform to the requirements. Furthermore, items that require confirmation in order to meet the experiment requirements were extracted and a draft of the development plan that reflect these confirmation items was established., 資料番号: AA0032601009, レポート番号: NASDA-TMR-010015E

Feasibility study of applicable liquid bridge surface deformation measurement for on-going high Prandtl number Marangoni convection experiment cell development on Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) was conducted. Three surface deformation measurement methods, based on MIDM (Microscopic Imaging Displacement Meter) suggested by Professor Nishino, were proposed. The focal points of development and development plan for each surface deformation measurement method was studied., 資料番号: AA0010763008, レポート番号: NASDA-TMR-000006E

様々の臓器における虚血後再酸素化(ischemia/reoxygenation; I/R)時の細胞や機能の傷害は,発生する種々のフリーラジカルや,過酸化脂質によると考えられている.一方,アスコルビン酸(AsA)は,低濃度では過酸化を促進し,高濃度では逆に抑制することが知られている.ラット小腸においてI/R時の傷害の程度とAsAによる傷害抑制効果について生化学的,病理学的に検討した.AsAとグルタチオン(GSH)を,雄性Wistar系ラットに腹腔内投与し,60分後開腹,上腸間膜動脈を遮断し,全小腸を60分間虚血状態とした.再酸素化後20分で,全小腸を摘出して検索し,以下の結果をえた.AsA投与群では,過酸化脂質の産生は,有意に抑制され(LOOH Control: 26.30±1.98, AsA: 16.75±1.43 nmol/g tissue, p, Ischemia/reoxygenation (I/R) injury is observed in various organs, where some free radicals and lipid peroxides are believed to play an important role. We examined the preventive effects of ascorbic acid (AsA), one of antioxidant agents, on the I/R injury of the rat small intestine. AsA or glutathione was intraperitoneally administered to male Wistar rats weighing 250～300 g after one-day fasting. The entire small intestine was resected at three different points, just before ischemia, after ischemia, and after 20 min of reoxygenation. The specimens were used for the assays of lipid peroxides, glutathione, and glutaminase activity and for histological examination. In AsA-treated group, the production of lipid peroxides after reoxygenation was significantly suppressed and the ratio of reduced form of glutathione to the total glutathione was also significantly high. Tissue glutaminase activity decreased to less extent, and the degree of injury by reoxygenation was apparently less marked in this AsA-treated group. AsA works as an antioxidant against the peroxidative tissue injury possibly by scavenging free radicals and reducing the peroxidative reaction. The effects of AsA are expected to be very useful in small bowel transplantation and various surgical procedures.

膵細胞移植に際しては,大量かつ高純度の膵内分泌細胞を得ることが重要である.本研究では,リンパ球分離溶液を用いた簡便な成熟ブタ膵内分泌細胞の分離法を検討した.屠殺場より入手した成熟ブタ膵を細切・攪拌した後,細胞懸濁液を遠心分離し単離肝細胞を収集した.これをリンパ球分離溶液であモノポリ分離溶液(mono-poly resolving medium: MPRM)を用いて,膵内分泌細胞を外分泌細胞および血管内皮細胞,血液細胞などより分離・精製した.得られた膵分泌細胞数を計測し,形態学的・機能的観察を行った.その結果,(1)得られた膵内分泌細胞数:3.40±1.32×10^5/gのうち,ジチゾン染色陽性細胞数は2.81±1.09×10^5/gで,純度は82.6±2.5%であった.(2)免疫組織化学染色では60%がB細胞であった.(3)電顕では,典型的な分泌顆粒を有するB細胞,A細胞が認められた.(4)グルコース負荷試験では,分離直後のインスリン分泌能低下は1週間の培養で改善し,また40日間の培養中インスリンの分泌が保たれた.成熟ブタ膵内分泌細胞径は,ヒトリンパ球径に類似しており,MPRMを用いた1回の遠心操作で,膵分泌細胞は明瞭に分離され安定した細胞数が得られた.また,膵内分泌細胞の構成は膵島におけるそれと類似しており,超微細構造も保たれていた.以上より,MPRMを用いた膵内分泌細胞の分離法は,簡便で安定した細胞数が得られ,その形態・機能とも良好で有用な方法であると考えられた., Adult pig pancreatic endocrine cells were harvested by auto-digestion without added enzymes. The isolated, crude cells were purified by Mono-poly resolving medium (MPRM). The purity of the harvested cells was determined by dithizone staining and the number of pancreatic endocrine cells was counted. A large number of the cells were stained red with dithizone and showed high viability and a good insulin secretory response to glucose stimulation. The average number of cells purified by MPRM was 3.40 ± 1.32 × 10^5 cells/g pancreas and the number of dithizone-stained cells was 2.81 ± 1.09 × 10^5 cells/g pancreas. The insulin secretion from the pancreatic endocrine cells was maintained throughout a 40-day observation period and high glucose stimulation induced an increase in insulin secretion from the cultured cells. In the cells purified by MPRM, light and electron microscopic studies showed the cells to be typical pancreatic endocrine cells. The present purification method using MPRM allowed us to obtain quickly a large amount of adult pig pancreatic endocrine cells from the unpurified preparations. This is useful for transplantation and biochemical or biological studies of adult pig pancreatic endocrine cells.

The clinical state of bacteriuria and its correlation with pyuria and symptomatic genitourinary tract infection (GUTI) were studied in 42 renal transplantation recipients who were followed up in the Kidney Center of Tokyo Women's Medical College over 6 months and who showed bacteriuria more than 3 times between January and December in 1987. The results were as follows. 1) Of the 42 recipients, bacteriuria was found less than 5 times in 19 patients, 6 to 10 times in 18 patients and more than 11 times in 5 patients. There was a tendency for the same bacteria to be isolated several times from the same patient. The most commonly isolated bacterias were Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Serratia and E. coli. 2) Bacteriuria was accompanied by pyuria in 33 patients (79%) and by symptomatic GUTI in 12 patients (29%). Bacteriuria without pyuria was shown in 9 patients (21%) without symptomatic GUTI and it was suggested that bacteriuria did not result in graft hypofunction after two years. 3) Of 16 patients with bacteriuria accompanied by pyuria, symptomatic GUTI occurred in 9 patients (56%). Of these, one patient was found to have VUR of the transplanted kidney, another was found to have VUR of the native kidney, and a third patient died due to interstitial pneumonitis presumably as a result of overimmunosuppression. Transplantation recipients with bacteriuria accompanied by pyuria develop symptomatic GUTIs frequently and should be treated with proper antibacterial agents. When bacteriuria continues, further examination should be performed for an organic disease of the urinary tract or an overimmunosuppressed state. When a patient shows bacteriuria without pyuria, chemotherapy is not needed and it is sufficient to observe the course carefully.

A joint clinical research was made by twelve institutions on evaluation of Z4942 (Ifosfamide) for malignant urological tumors. The following results were obtained. 1) Eighty terminal cases refractory to the previous treatments were treated with Ifosfamide administered 2 to 3 grams per day for 3 to 5 days as one course. The patients received 2.5 courses in average. Ten (29.4%) out of 34 evaluable patients treated only with Ifosfamide and 21 (63.6%) of 33 patients receiving it in a combination chemotherapy showed the response of 1-A or better on Karnofsky performance scale. 2) Malignancies which responded were testicular tumor (5/13, 38.5%) and prostatic cancer (4/9, 44.4%) in the sole administration group whereas testicular tumor (5/7, 71.4%), prostatic cancer (6/7, 85.7%), bladder cancer (5/9, 55.6%), penile cancer, transitional epithelial cancer of the prostate, sarcoma of the bladder and sarcoma of the prostate in the combination therapy group. 3) Leucopenia, vomiting, depilation and general malaise were noted in a little more than half of the cases. Other untoward reactions observed were erythrocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, high BUN, high GOT, high GPT, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, chill, fever, CNS disturbance and headache. They were, however, transient and few cases required to discontinue the medication. From the results mentioned above, it was concluded that Ifosfamide can be expected as one of the weapons against urologic malignancies.

Polymyxin-B has an antimicrobial activity against gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. But the systemic use of the drug occurs in only rare occasions primarily because of its renal and neurotic toxicity. We carried out as a topical therapy bladder washout with 500cc of 0.01-0.02% Polymyxin-Bsolution and measured the serum levels of Polymyxin-B after the washout. As a result, penetration of Polymyxin-B into the blood was found to be negligible in the patient who has a surgical wound in the bladder as well as in the patient with unwounded bladder.

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