47 results on '"Organizations legislation & jurisprudence"'
Search Results
2. Nicaragua: renewed call to defend human rights.
- Author
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Chalfie M, Brézin E, and Koiller B
- Subjects
- COVID-19 epidemiology, Humans, Nicaragua, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Science legislation & jurisprudence, Societies, Scientific, Health Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Human Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Physicians legislation & jurisprudence, Politics
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Public engagement with science-Origins, motives and impact in academic literature and science policy.
- Author
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Weingart P, Joubert M, and Connoway K
- Subjects
- Communication, Decision Making, European Union, Humans, Knowledge, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Policy Making, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Health Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Motivation physiology, Publications legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
'Public engagement with science' has become a 'buzzword' reflecting a concern about the widening gap between science and society and efforts to bridge this gap. This study is a comprehensive analysis of the development of the 'engagement' rhetoric in the pertinent academic literature on science communication and in science policy documents. By way of a content analysis of articles published in three leading science communication journals and a selection of science policy documents from the United Kingdom (UK), the United States of America (USA), the European Union (EU), and South Africa (SA), the variety of motives underlying this rhetoric, as well as the impact it has on science policies, are analyzed. The analysis of the science communication journals reveals an increasingly vague and inclusive definition of 'engagement' as well as of the 'public' being addressed, and a diverse range of motives driving the rhetoric. Similar observations can be made about the science policy documents. This study corroborates an earlier diagnosis that rhetoric is running ahead of practice and suggests that communication and engagement with clearly defined stakeholder groups about specific problems and the pertinent scientific knowledge will be a more successful manner of 'engagement'., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Civil society involvement in harm reduction drug policy: reflections on the past, expectations for the future.
- Author
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O'Gorman A and Schatz E
- Subjects
- Humans, Drug and Narcotic Control methods, Harm Reduction, Health Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Policy Making
- Abstract
Background: A range of civil society organisations (CSOs) such as drug user groups, non-governmental/third sector organisations and networks of existing organisations, seek to shape the development of drugs policy at national and international levels. However, their capacity to do so is shaped by the contexts in which they operate nationally and internationally. The aim of this paper is to explore the lived experience of civil society participation in these contexts, both from the perspective of CSOs engaged in harm reduction advocacy, and the institutions they engage with, in order to inform future policy development., Methods: This paper is based on the presentations and discussions from a workshop on 'Civil Society Involvement in Drug Policy hosted by the Correlation - European Harm Reduction Network at the International Society for the Study of Drugs Policy (ISSDP) annual conference in Paris, 2019. In the aftermath of the workshop, the authors analysed the papers and discussions and identified the key themes arising to inform CSI in developing future harm reduction policy and practice., Results: Civil society involvement (CSI) in policy decision-making and implementation is acknowledged as an important benefit to representative democracy. Yet, the accounts of CSOs demonstrate the challenges they experience in seeking to shape the contested field of drug policy. Negotiating the complex workings of political institutions, often in adversarial and heavily bureaucratic environments, proved difficult. Nonetheless, an increase in structures which formalised and resourced CSI enabled more meaningful participation at different levels and at different stages of policy making., Conclusions: Civil society spaces are colonised by a broad range of civil society actors lobbying from different ideological standpoints including those advocating for a 'drug free world' and those advocating for harm reduction. In these competitive arena, it may be difficult for harm reduction orientated CSOs to influence the policy process. However, the current COVID-19 public health crisis clearly demonstrates the benefits of partnership between CSOs and political institutions to address the harm reduction needs of people who use drugs. The lessons drawn from our workshop serve to inform all partners on this pathway.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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5. Slowing progress: the US Global Gag Rule undermines access to contraception in Madagascar.
- Author
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Ravaoarisoa L, Razafimahatratra MJJ, Rakotondratsara MA, Gaspard N, Ratsimbazafy MR, Rafamantanantsoa JF, Ramanantsoa V, Schaaf M, Midy AC, and Casey SE
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Madagascar, United States, United States Agency for International Development, Contraception, Family Planning Services legislation & jurisprudence, Financial Support, Health Services Accessibility, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
Madagascar's health system is highly dependent on donor funding, especially from the United States (US), and relies on a few nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) to provide contraceptive services in remote areas of the country. The Trump administration reinstated and expanded the Global Gag Rule (GGR) in 2017; this policy requires non-US NGOs receiving US global health funding to certify that neither they nor their sub-grantees will provide, counsel or refer for abortion as a method of family planning. Evidence of the impact of the GGR in a country with restrictive abortion laws, like Madagascar - which has no explicit exception to save the woman's life - is limited. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 259 representatives of the Ministry of Health and NGOs, public and private health providers, community health workers and contraceptive clients in Antananarivo and eight districts between May 2019 and March 2020. Interviews highlighted the impact of the GGR on NGOs that did not certify the policy and lost their US funding. This reduction in funding led to fewer contraceptive service delivery points, including mobile outreach services, a critical component of care in rural areas. Public and private health providers reported increased contraceptive stockouts and fees charged to clients. Although the GGR is ostensibly about abortion, it has reduced access to contraception for the Malagasy population. This is one of few studies to directly document the impact on women who themselves described their increased difficulties obtaining contraception ultimately resulting in discontinuation of contraceptive use, unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions.
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- 2020
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6. NGO online disclosures index in the presence of auxiliary information.
- Author
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Nazuk A, Nadir S, Ansari AR, and Nawaz R
- Subjects
- Humans, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Internet statistics & numerical data, Models, Theoretical, Organizations standards, Organizations statistics & numerical data, Research Design standards, Truth Disclosure
- Abstract
This study highlights the need for analysis of online disclosure practices followed by non-governmental organizations; furthermore, it justifies the crucial role of potential correlates of online disclosure practices followed by non-governmental organizations. We propose a novel index for analyzing the extent of online disclosure of non-governmental organizations (NGO). Using the information stored in an auxiliary variable, we propose a new estimator for gauging the average value of the proposed index. Our approach relies on the use of two factors: imperfect ranked-set sampling procedure to link the auxiliary variable with the study variable, and an NGO disclosure index under simple random sampling that uses information only about the study variable. Relative efficiency of the proposed index is compared with the conventional estimator for the population average under the imperfect ranked-set sampling scheme. Mathematical conditions required for retaining the efficiency of the proposed index, in comparison to the imperfect ranked set sampling estimator, are derived. Numerical scrutiny of the relative efficiency, in response to the input variables, indicates; if the variance of the NGO disclosure index is less than the variance of the estimator under imperfect ranked set sampling, then the proposed index is universally efficient compared to the estimator under imperfect ranked set sampling. If the condition on variances is unmet, even then the proposed estimator remains efficient if majority of the NGO share online data on the auxiliary variable. This work can facilitate nonprofit regulation in the countries where most of the non-governmental organizations maintain their websites., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2020
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7. How Should Organizations Respond to Repeated Noncompliance by Prominent Researchers?
- Author
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Tsan MF and Tsan GL
- Subjects
- Clinical Protocols, Codes of Ethics, Ethics, Research, Government Regulation, Human Experimentation legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Research Personnel legislation & jurisprudence, Universities, Ethics Committees, Research legislation & jurisprudence, Human Experimentation ethics, Mandatory Reporting, Organizations ethics, Personnel Management, Research Design, Research Personnel ethics
- Abstract
This article considers a case in which a prominent researcher repeatedly made protocol deviations year after year while the institutional review board and university leadership failed to adequately address his continuing noncompliance. This article argues that, in addition to reporting this researcher's pattern of noncompliance to the Office for Human Research Protections, as required by federal regulations, the university should implement a remedial action plan., (© 2020 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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8. The "Global gag rule": Curtailing women's reproductive rights.
- Author
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Macklin R
- Subjects
- Abortion, Induced economics, Abortion, Induced legislation & jurisprudence, Developing Countries, Female, Financing, Government, Global Health, Humans, Information Dissemination, Pregnancy, United States, Family Planning Services economics, Family Planning Services legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations economics, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Reproductive Rights economics, Reproductive Rights legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
The Global gag rule (GGR), originally known as the Mexico City Policy, is a United States policy that limits the reproductive rights of women in many resource-poor countries. In 2018, the US administration of President Donald Trump reinstated this policy, which was first issued by President Ronald Reagan in 1984, and later annulled by two US presidents in the intervening years. The policy prohibits any non-governmental organisation (NGO) outside the US from providing women or couples with family planning information that includes access to abortion, as a condition of receiving US funding. Although the policy is designed to reduce the rate of abortion in countries where NGOs have adopted it, studies have shown the opposite effect. The policy violates fundamental ethical principles, as well as United Nations human rights treaties and action programmes.
- Published
- 2019
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9. Cooperation in confidential withholding of HIV status from partners of sexually-active patients: a role for organisational moral agency.
- Author
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DePergola Ii PA
- Subjects
- Confidentiality legislation & jurisprudence, Disclosure legislation & jurisprudence, Ethics, Medical, HIV, Health Status, Humans, Moral Obligations, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Physician-Patient Relations ethics, Privacy, Confidentiality ethics, Cooperative Behavior, Disclosure ethics, HIV Infections prevention & control, Organizations ethics, Sexual Behavior ethics, Sexual Partners
- Abstract
An increasingly blurred understanding of the conditions under which clinicians may withhold HIV seropositive status from partners of patients who are sexually active and who do not intend to disclose suggests a critical need to revisit the relationship between the principle of confidentiality, the moral and legal duties to warn at-risk third parties, and the organisational ethics surrounding licit cooperation with wrongdoing in the effort to uphold professional moral responsibility. This essay grounds its argument in two, straightforward premises: (i) the ethical principle of cooperation is an indispensable measure of the moral licitness of instances of complicity with wrongdoing; (ii) some instances of material organisational complicity vis-à-vis confidential withholdings of HIV seropositive status from partners of sexually active patients both meet and successfully employ the standards of the ethical principle of cooperation. Drawing from this syllogism, the essay argues that, in Type II cases, healthcare organisations may (initially and on certain conditions) materially cooperate in withholding the HIV seropositive status of patients from partners with whom patients are sexually active, and to whom patients do not intend to disclose HIV seropositive status, in the effort to honour professional obligations of privacy, confidentiality, and fidelity in a manner that is both legally licit and morally justifiable.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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10. Reinstatement of the Mexico City policy and its impact on global health.
- Author
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Ali SI, Nasir H, and Khan A
- Subjects
- Abortion, Induced legislation & jurisprudence, Cities, Federal Government, Maternal Health Services legislation & jurisprudence, Medical Assistance, United States, Global Health legislation & jurisprudence, Health Policy, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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11. A new disclosure index for Non-Governmental Organizations.
- Author
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Nazuk A and Shabbir J
- Subjects
- Consumer Advocacy, Humans, Internet, Pakistan, Public Opinion, Trust, Disclosure, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations standards, Organizations statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Website of Non-governmental organization (NGO) is a focal medium of sharing information in response to transparency demands and addressing trust deficits between stakeholders. Many researchers have proposed accountability approaches to measure information sharing trends through websites. This article discusses a new index to measure online disclosure trends along with the theoretical properties of the index and a practical application of data from NGOs working in Pakistan. The websites have been coded in 2016. Results show that NGOs with branch offices have better disclosure scores than single-office NGOs, and international NGOs score better than local NGOs. NGOs that are more often the subject of newspaper reports have better disclosure trends.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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12. Judging adaptive management practices of U.S. agencies.
- Author
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Fischman RL and Ruhl JB
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations standards, United States, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Decision Making
- Abstract
All U.S. federal agencies administering environmental laws purport to practice adaptive management (AM), but little is known about how they actually implement this conservation tool. A gap between the theory and practice of AM is revealed in judicial decisions reviewing agency adaptive management plans. We analyzed all U.S. federal court opinions published through 1 January 2015 to identify the agency AM practices courts found most deficient. The shortcomings included lack of clear objectives and processes, monitoring thresholds, and defined actions triggered by thresholds. This trio of agency shortcuts around critical, iterative steps characterizes what we call AM-lite. Passive AM differs from active AM in its relative lack of management interventions through experimental strategies. In contrast, AM-lite is a distinctive form of passive AM that fails to provide for the iterative steps necessary to learn from management. Courts have developed a sophisticated understanding of AM and often offer instructive rather than merely critical opinions. The role of the judiciary is limited by agency discretion under U.S. administrative law. But courts have overturned some agency AM-lite practices and insisted on more rigorous analyses to ensure that the promised benefits of structured learning and fine-tuned management have a reasonable likelihood of occurring. Nonetheless, there remains a mismatch in U.S. administrative law between the flexibility demanded by adaptive management and the legal objectives of transparency, public participation, and finality., (© 2015 Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Undue burdens.
- Subjects
- China, International Cooperation legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations organization & administration, Organizations statistics & numerical data, Politics, Federal Government, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Science organization & administration
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. [Capacity of the legal framework of public health institutions in Mexico to support their functional integration].
- Author
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Ibarra I, Martínez G, Aguilera N, Orozco E, Fajardo-Dolci GE, and González-Block MA
- Subjects
- Financing, Government, Mexico, Organizations organization & administration, Organizations economics, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Public Health economics, Public Health legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
Objective: Evaluate the capacity of the federal legal framework to govern financing of health institutions in the public sector through innovative schemes--otherwise known as functional integration--, enabling them to purchase and sell health services to and from other public providers as a strategy to improve their performance., Materials and Methods: Based on indicators of normative alignment with respect to functional integration across public health provider and governance institutions, content analysis was undertaken of national health programs and relevant laws and guidelines for financial coordination., Results: Significant progress was identified in the implementation of agreements for the coordination of public institutions. While the legal framework provides for a National Health System and a health sector, gaps and contradictions limit their scope. The General Register of Health is also moving forward, yet it lacks the necessary legal foundation to become a comprehensive tool for integration. The medical service exchange agreements are also moving forward based on tariffs and shared guidelines. However, there is a lack of incentives to promote the expansion of these agreements., Conclusions: It is recommended to update the legal framework for the coordination of the National Health System, ensuring a more harmonious and general focus to provide functional integration with the needed impulse.
- Published
- 2013
15. The disgrace of commodification and shameful convenience: a critical race critique of the NBA.
- Author
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Griffin RA
- Subjects
- Gender Identity, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Masculinity history, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, United States ethnology, Black or African American education, Black or African American ethnology, Black or African American history, Black or African American legislation & jurisprudence, Black or African American psychology, Athletes education, Athletes history, Athletes legislation & jurisprudence, Athletes psychology, Basketball economics, Basketball education, Basketball history, Basketball legislation & jurisprudence, Basketball physiology, Basketball psychology, Commodification, Power, Psychological, Race Relations history, Race Relations legislation & jurisprudence, Race Relations psychology
- Abstract
This essay positions sport as a pedagogical social institution from which people learn about race, gender, power, and privilege. The National Basketball Association is examined closely with a critical race lens with regard to the commodification of Black masculinity. A critical race analysis reveals the sharp contradictions between the league’s progressive image as an “industry leader” of racial diversity (Lapchick, Bustamante, & Ruiz, 2007, p.1) and the actualization of league discourse, policy, and practice.
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- 2012
- Full Text
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16. The National Right to Life Committee: its founding, its history, and the emergence of the pro-life movement prior to Roe v. Wade.
- Author
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Karrer RN
- Subjects
- History, 20th Century, Social Change history, Abortion, Induced economics, Abortion, Induced education, Abortion, Induced history, Abortion, Induced legislation & jurisprudence, Judicial Role history, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Religion history, Value of Life economics
- Abstract
During the mid-1960s a few Catholic journals and individuals advised that a more active role should be taken in defeating abortion reform. In 1967 the National Conference of Catholic Bishops selected James Thomas McHugh, administrator of the United States Catholic Conference’s Family Life Bureau, to guide its National Right to Life Committee (NRLC). Several pro-life organizations, including Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life, emerged and affiliated with the NRLC national office. To appeal to a more broad-based, nonsectarian movement, key Minnesota leaders proposed an organizational model that would separate the NRLC from its founder. In early 1973 McHugh and his executive assistant, Michael Taylor, proposed a different plan, facilitating the NRLC’s move to independence.
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- 2011
- Full Text
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17. Caught in the crossfire: women's internationalism and the YWCA child labor campaign in Shanghai, 1921-1925.
- Author
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Littell-Lamb E
- Subjects
- Child, China ethnology, Government history, History, 20th Century, Humans, Jurisprudence history, Public Policy economics, Public Policy history, Public Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Social Conditions economics, Social Conditions history, Social Conditions legislation & jurisprudence, Social Justice economics, Social Justice education, Social Justice history, Social Justice legislation & jurisprudence, Social Justice psychology, Women, Working education, Women, Working history, Women, Working legislation & jurisprudence, Women, Working psychology, Child Welfare economics, Child Welfare ethnology, Child Welfare history, Child Welfare legislation & jurisprudence, Child Welfare psychology, Internationality history, Internationality legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Social Problems economics, Social Problems ethnology, Social Problems history, Social Problems legislation & jurisprudence, Social Problems psychology, Socioeconomic Factors history, Women education, Women history, Women psychology, Work economics, Work history, Work legislation & jurisprudence, Work physiology, Work psychology
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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18. What does it mean to go public? The American response to Lysenkoism, reconsidered.
- Author
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Wolfe AJ
- Subjects
- Anniversaries and Special Events, Government Programs education, Government Programs history, History, 20th Century, Medical Laboratory Personnel education, Medical Laboratory Personnel history, Medical Laboratory Personnel psychology, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Public Policy history, Public Relations, United States ethnology, Genetics education, Genetics history, Mass Media history, Politics, Public Opinion history, Research Personnel education, Research Personnel history, Research Personnel psychology, Science education, Science history, Societies, Scientific economics, Societies, Scientific history, Societies, Scientific legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
The American response to Lysenkoism took place at a crucial moment in the evolving relationship between science and the public. Like many professional scientific organizations in the early Cold War, the Genetics Society of America (GSA) resisted involvement in political issues. In contrast to similar societies in the physical sciences, however, the geneticists' silence cannot be explained solely by the fear of financial or political repercussions. Rather, the GSA's reluctance to engage in political discussion reflected an ongoing debate within the scientific community on the proper role for professional societies in political controversy. Those geneticists who did become embroiled in the controversy did so as individuals rather than as emissaries of the profession. Geneticists H.J. Muller, L.C. Dunn, and Theodosius Dobzhansky attempted to reach the public through a variety of outlets, including books, magazines, newspapers, and the radio, but their interventions were shaped by their individual personal and political commitments. The GSA, in contrast, attempted to combat the spread of Lysenkoism with the help of a public relations firm and a Golden Jubilee celebration of the rediscovery of Mendel's laws. The messy story of the American response to the Lysenko crisis demonstrates the limits of scientists' political involvement during the early Cold War.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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19. Opportunities for making ends meet and upward mobility: differences in organizational deprivation across urban and suburban poor neighborhoods.
- Author
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Murphy AK and Wallace D
- Subjects
- Cultural Deprivation, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Public Assistance economics, Public Assistance history, Public Assistance legislation & jurisprudence, Residence Characteristics history, Social Problems economics, Social Problems ethnology, Social Problems history, Social Problems legislation & jurisprudence, Social Problems psychology, Social Responsibility, Suburban Health history, United States ethnology, Urban Health history, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Population Dynamics history, Poverty Areas, Socioeconomic Factors history, Suburban Population history, Urban Population history
- Abstract
Objectives. Given the recent rise of poverty in U.S. suburbs, this study asks: What poor neighborhoods are most disadvantageous, those in the city or those in the suburbs? Building on recent urban sociological work demonstrating the importance of neighborhood organizations for the poor, we are concerned with one aspect of disadvantage—the lack of availability of organizational resources oriented toward the poor. By breaking down organizations into those that promote mobility versus those that help individuals meet their daily subsistence needs, we seek to explore potential variations in the type of disadvantage that may exist.Methods. We test whether poor urban or suburban neighborhoods are more likely to be organizationally deprived by breaking down organizations into three types: hardship organizations, educational organizations, and employment organizations. We use data from the 2000 U.S. County Business Patterns and the 2000 U.S. Census and test neighborhood deprivation using logistic regression models.Results. We find that suburban poor neighborhoods are more likely to be organizationally deprived than are urban poor neighborhoods, especially with respect to organizations that promote upward mobility. Interesting racial and ethnic composition factors shape this more general finding.Conclusion. Our findings suggest that if a poor individual is to live in a poor neighborhood, with respect to access to organizational resources, he or she would be better off living in the central city. Suburban residence engenders isolation from organizations that will help meet one's daily needs and even more so from those offering opportunities for mobility.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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20. Role of non-governmental organisations in physician assisted suicide.
- Author
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Ziegler SJ and Bosshard G
- Subjects
- Humans, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Personnel Selection, Professional Role, Suicide, Assisted legislation & jurisprudence, Terminology as Topic, Organizations organization & administration, Suicide, Assisted ethics
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A part and apart: lesbian and straight feminist activists negotiate identity in a second-wave organization.
- Author
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Gilmore S and Kaminski E
- Subjects
- Culture, Female, Gender Identity, History, 21st Century, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Marriage ethnology, Marriage history, Marriage legislation & jurisprudence, Marriage psychology, Politics, Public Policy, Social Change history, United States ethnology, Women education, Women history, Women psychology, Women's Health economics, Women's Health ethnology, Women's Health history, Women's Health legislation & jurisprudence, Women, Working education, Women, Working history, Women, Working legislation & jurisprudence, Women, Working psychology, Heterosexuality ethnology, Heterosexuality history, Heterosexuality physiology, Heterosexuality psychology, Homosexuality, Female ethnology, Homosexuality, Female history, Homosexuality, Female psychology, Legislation as Topic economics, Legislation as Topic history, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Public Opinion, Women's Rights economics, Women's Rights education, Women's Rights history, Women's Rights legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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22. Russian Federation: NGO law creates difficulties for human rights organizations.
- Author
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Utyasheva L
- Subjects
- Humans, Russia, Human Rights, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
On 10 January 2006, amendments were adopted to the law of the Russian Federation on NGOs. The amendments establish a new procedure for re-registration of both domestic and foreign NGOs working in the Russian Federation.
- Published
- 2006
23. Big Brother and AIDS: DKT International vs. USAID.
- Author
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Harvey PD
- Subjects
- Female, Financing, Government legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Organizations economics, Policy Making, Sex Work, United States, Government Regulation, HIV Infections prevention & control, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, United States Agency for International Development
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Invoking health and human rights to ensure access to legal abortion: the case of a nine-year-old girl from Nicaragua.
- Author
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McNaughton Reyes HL, Hord CE, Mitchell EM, and Blandon MM
- Subjects
- Abortion, Legal standards, Child, Child Welfare legislation & jurisprudence, Emigration and Immigration, Health Services Accessibility standards, Humans, Nicaragua, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Public Health legislation & jurisprudence, Rape, Abortion, Legal legislation & jurisprudence, Health Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Health Services Accessibility legislation & jurisprudence, Human Rights legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
Human rights and public health advocates working to compel states to guarantee access to legal abortion services face obstacles. We describe the challenges faced by "Rosa", a nine-year old Nicaraguan girl, whose pregnancy following rape sparked international controversy. The health and human rights arguments utilized either to support or undermine her family's petition for access to legal abortion are explored. Rosa's case highlights how laws that narrowly restrict abortion and make access contingent upon health care providers' approval undermine human rights principles. The article analyzes the strengths, limitations, and complementarity of health and human rights approaches for achieving access to safe, legal services in restrictive contexts. The importance of strategic alliances and implications for future cases are considered.
- Published
- 2006
25. Evolution. Groups wield copyright power to delay Kansas standards.
- Author
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Bhattacharjee Y
- Subjects
- Kansas, National Academy of Sciences, U.S., United States, Biological Evolution, Copyright, Education standards, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Science education
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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26. Ante up. Louisiana's rural hospitals upset over unique fees.
- Author
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Taylor M
- Subjects
- Certification legislation & jurisprudence, Contracts, Fees and Charges, Health Care Coalitions legislation & jurisprudence, Hospitals, Rural legislation & jurisprudence, Lobbying, Louisiana, Organizations economics, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Certification organization & administration, Health Care Coalitions economics, Hospitals, Rural economics, Reimbursement, Disproportionate Share legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2005
27. Zimbabwe set to outlaw human rights organisations.
- Author
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White C
- Subjects
- Humans, Zimbabwe, Human Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Introducing operations research into management and policy practices of a non-governmental organization (NGO): a partnership between an Indian leprosy NGO and an international academic institution.
- Author
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Porter JD, Ogden JA, Rao PV, Rao VP, Rajesh D, Buskade RA, and Soutar D
- Subjects
- Communicable Disease Control, Leprosy, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, United Kingdom, Cooperative Behavior, Health Policy, Operations Research, Organizations organization & administration
- Abstract
This paper reports on a partnership between LEPRA, a non-governmental organization (NGO), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) to explore the feasibility and appropriateness of incorporating operations research into the management and decision-making of a leprosy NGO. A pilot study in Orissa was used to determine the advantages and disadvantages of introducing operations research to assist in decision-making and programme implementation within the organization. The results highlight the difficulty and complexity of the process, but point to several important themes: partnership, changing perspectives, use of time and priority-setting, identification of gaps in systems, and building institutional and personal capabilities. The results of the study provide support to encourage NGOs to become actively involved in research. Because of their work and service to local communities, NGOs have the opportunity to collect information about the perceptions, resources and constraints of individuals, families and the communities themselves in accessing appropriate care. Their proximity to communities gives them a feeling of responsibility for ensuring that this information is translated to the district, national and ultimately international level. This will help to ensure the creation of appropriate infectious disease control policies that support the needs of patients. 'Outside' academic institutions can help NGOs to facilitate this up-stream flow of information from the local to the national and international level, to help to ensure that international disease control policies are appropriately serving local communities.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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29. The Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries' legislative activities and the Joint Medical Library Association/Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries Legislative Task Force.
- Author
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Zenan JS
- Subjects
- Consumer Advocacy, Cooperative Behavior, Humans, United States, Advisory Committees organization & administration, Libraries, Medical legislation & jurisprudence, Libraries, Medical organization & administration, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations organization & administration
- Abstract
The Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries' (AAHSL's) involvement in national legislative activities and other advocacy initiatives has evolved and matured over the last twenty-five years. Some activities conducted by the Medical Library Association's (MLA's) Legislative Committee from 1976 to 1984 are highlighted to show the evolution of MLA's and AAHSL's interests in collaborating on national legislative issues, which resulted in an agreement to form a joint legislative task force. The history, work, challenges, and accomplishments of the Joint MLA/AAHSL Legislative Task Force, formed in 1985, are discussed.
- Published
- 2003
30. Rape survivors and the right to emergency medical treatment to prevent HIV infection.
- Author
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McQuoid-Mason D, Dhai A, and Moodley J
- Subjects
- Female, Hospitals, Private legislation & jurisprudence, Hospitals, State legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Physician's Role, Police legislation & jurisprudence, Refusal to Treat legislation & jurisprudence, South Africa, Emergency Medical Services legislation & jurisprudence, HIV Infections etiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Patient Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Rape legislation & jurisprudence, Survivors legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2003
31. The illusion of inclusion: the political significance of women's groups in Hungary.
- Author
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Fabian K
- Subjects
- Charities economics, Charities history, Charities legislation & jurisprudence, Hungary ethnology, Mass Media economics, Mass Media history, Relief Work economics, Relief Work history, Relief Work legislation & jurisprudence, Social Welfare economics, Social Welfare history, Social Welfare legislation & jurisprudence, Family Characteristics, Gender Identity, History, 20th Century, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Politics, Women history, Women's Rights economics, Women's Rights history, Women's Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Women, Working education, Women, Working history, Women, Working legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2002
32. [Gender groupings in the social gatherings of the Enlightenment].
- Author
-
Schnegg B
- Subjects
- History, 18th Century, Interpersonal Relations, Social Class, Switzerland ethnology, Women history, Gender Identity, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Social Control, Informal history, Societies history, Societies legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2002
33. Who is responsible for fraternity related injuries on American college campuses?
- Author
-
Mumford K
- Subjects
- Humans, Public Policy, United States, Liability, Legal, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Students, Universities legislation & jurisprudence, Wounds and Injuries
- Published
- 2001
34. "Who is the captain of all these men of death?" the social structure of a tuberculosis sanatorium in postwar Germany.
- Author
-
Condrau F
- Subjects
- Germany, West ethnology, Hierarchy, Social, History, 20th Century, Patients history, Patients legislation & jurisprudence, Patients psychology, Physicians history, Physicians psychology, Social Class, Social Welfare economics, Social Welfare ethnology, Social Welfare history, Social Welfare legislation & jurisprudence, Social Welfare psychology, Hospitals history, Interpersonal Relations, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Public Health economics, Public Health education, Public Health history, Public Health legislation & jurisprudence, Social Behavior, Tuberculosis economics, Tuberculosis ethnology, Tuberculosis history, Tuberculosis psychology
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Feminism as if all people mattered: working to remove the causes of war, 1919-1929.
- Author
-
Vellacott J
- Subjects
- Europe ethnology, History, 20th Century, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Social Change history, Social Dominance, Social Identification, Stereotyped Behavior physiology, United Kingdom ethnology, Women's Health economics, Women's Health ethnology, Women's Health history, Women's Health legislation & jurisprudence, Women, Working education, Women, Working history, Women, Working legislation & jurisprudence, Women, Working psychology, Feminism history, Gender Identity, Politics, Social Welfare economics, Social Welfare ethnology, Social Welfare history, Social Welfare legislation & jurisprudence, Social Welfare psychology, Stereotyping, Women's Rights economics, Women's Rights education, Women's Rights history, Women's Rights legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Nongovernmental organizations, "grassroots," and the politics of virtue.
- Author
-
Mindry D
- Subjects
- Family Health ethnology, History, 20th Century, Political Systems history, Public Health history, Public Health legislation & jurisprudence, Social Welfare history, Social Welfare legislation & jurisprudence, South Africa ethnology, Women, Working history, Women, Working legislation & jurisprudence, Feminism history, International Agencies economics, International Agencies history, International Agencies legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Women history
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Carnival in Rouen: a history of the Abbaye des Conards.
- Author
-
Reid D
- Subjects
- Anniversaries and Special Events, Cities economics, Cities ethnology, Cities history, Cities legislation & jurisprudence, Commerce economics, Commerce education, Commerce history, Commerce legislation & jurisprudence, Culture, France ethnology, Hierarchy, Social, History, 16th Century, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Printing economics, Printing history, Printing legislation & jurisprudence, Religion history, Social Values ethnology, Urban Renewal economics, Urban Renewal education, Urban Renewal history, Urban Renewal legislation & jurisprudence, Holidays history, Holidays psychology, Social Behavior, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Health history, Urban Population history
- Published
- 2001
38. "Making place" at the United Nations: indigenous cultural politics at the U.N. Working Group on Indigenous Populations.
- Author
-
Muehlebach A
- Subjects
- Demography, History, 20th Century, Humans, Medicine, Traditional history, Medicine, Traditional legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Health Services, Indigenous economics, Health Services, Indigenous history, Health Services, Indigenous legislation & jurisprudence, Human Rights economics, Human Rights education, Human Rights history, Human Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Human Rights psychology, Population Groups education, Population Groups ethnology, Population Groups history, Population Groups legislation & jurisprudence, Population Groups psychology, Public Policy, United Nations economics, United Nations history, United Nations legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The imagined hausfrau: national identity, domesticity, and colonialism in Imperial Germany.
- Author
-
Reagin N
- Subjects
- Colonialism history, Education economics, Education history, Education legislation & jurisprudence, Family Characteristics ethnology, Germany ethnology, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Residence Characteristics, Self Concept, Social Class, Spouses education, Spouses ethnology, Spouses history, Spouses legislation & jurisprudence, Spouses psychology, Women's Rights economics, Women's Rights education, Women's Rights history, Women's Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Gender Identity, Household Work economics, Household Work history, Local Government, Social Identification, Women education, Women history, Women psychology
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The limits of maternalism: gender ideology and the south German Catholic working women's associations, 1904-1918.
- Author
-
Cremer DJ
- Subjects
- Feminism history, Germany ethnology, History, 20th Century, Maternal Behavior ethnology, Maternal Behavior psychology, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Paternalism, Population Growth, Social Values ethnology, Women education, Women history, Women psychology, Women's Rights economics, Women's Rights education, Women's Rights history, Women's Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Women, Working education, Women, Working history, Women, Working legislation & jurisprudence, Women, Working psychology, Gender Identity, Labor Unions economics, Labor Unions history, Labor Unions legislation & jurisprudence, Religion history, Social Change history
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. [Eugenicists, but with prudence].
- Author
-
Pogliano C
- Subjects
- History, 20th Century, Humans, Italy ethnology, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Politics, Religion and Medicine, Religion and Science, Social Conditions economics, Social Conditions history, Social Conditions legislation & jurisprudence, Social Control Policies economics, Social Control Policies history, Social Control Policies legislation & jurisprudence, Social Values ethnology, Ethnicity education, Ethnicity ethnology, Ethnicity history, Ethnicity legislation & jurisprudence, Ethnicity psychology, Eugenics history, Eugenics legislation & jurisprudence, Family Planning Policy economics, Family Planning Policy history, Family Planning Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Prejudice, Social Problems economics, Social Problems ethnology, Social Problems history, Social Problems legislation & jurisprudence, Social Problems psychology, Societies, Medical economics, Societies, Medical history, Societies, Medical legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. [The influence of the Mexican Eugenics Society on education and social medicine].
- Author
-
Suárez y López Guazo L
- Subjects
- Cultural Characteristics, History, 20th Century, Humans, Mexico ethnology, Politics, Population Groups education, Population Groups ethnology, Population Groups history, Population Groups legislation & jurisprudence, Population Groups psychology, Prejudice, Social Problems economics, Social Problems ethnology, Social Problems history, Social Problems legislation & jurisprudence, Social Problems psychology, Social Values ethnology, Ethnicity education, Ethnicity ethnology, Ethnicity history, Ethnicity legislation & jurisprudence, Ethnicity psychology, Eugenics history, Eugenics legislation & jurisprudence, Legislation as Topic economics, Legislation as Topic history, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Social Conditions economics, Social Conditions history, Social Conditions legislation & jurisprudence, Social Control Policies economics, Social Control Policies history, Social Control Policies legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 1999
43. The Gay Oral History Project in Zimbabwe: black empowerment, human rights, and the research process.
- Author
-
Epprecht M
- Subjects
- Black People education, Black People ethnology, Black People history, Black People legislation & jurisprudence, Black People psychology, Female, History, 20th Century, Human Rights Abuses economics, Human Rights Abuses ethnology, Human Rights Abuses history, Human Rights Abuses legislation & jurisprudence, Human Rights Abuses psychology, Humans, Judicial Role history, Male, Political Systems history, Research Personnel education, Research Personnel history, Social Alienation psychology, Social Control Policies economics, Social Control Policies history, Social Control Policies legislation & jurisprudence, Zimbabwe ethnology, Homosexuality ethnology, Homosexuality history, Homosexuality physiology, Homosexuality psychology, Human Rights economics, Human Rights education, Human Rights history, Human Rights legislation & jurisprudence, Human Rights psychology, Interviews as Topic, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Research education, Research history
- Published
- 1999
44. From "petite patrie" to national "solidarite": regionalism and inter-class alliances in mutual aid societies.
- Author
-
Weintrob LR
- Subjects
- Community Networks economics, Community Networks history, Community Networks legislation & jurisprudence, Cultural Characteristics history, France ethnology, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Social Identification, Social Welfare economics, Social Welfare ethnology, Social Welfare history, Social Welfare legislation & jurisprudence, Social Welfare psychology, Acculturation history, Organizations economics, Organizations history, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Residence Characteristics history, Social Class history, Social Support
- Published
- 1999
45. HMO's lawsuit will test NCQA's growing clout.
- Author
-
Morrissey J
- Subjects
- Accreditation organization & administration, California, Health Maintenance Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence, United States, Accreditation legislation & jurisprudence, Health Maintenance Organizations standards
- Published
- 1995
46. Tort liability to those injured by negligent accreditation decisions.
- Author
-
Schuck PH
- Subjects
- Accreditation organization & administration, Confidentiality legislation & jurisprudence, Consumer Advocacy legislation & jurisprudence, Decision Making, Organizational, Government Agencies, Health Facilities standards, United States, Accreditation legislation & jurisprudence, Liability, Legal, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 1994
47. All the President's bioethicists.
- Author
-
Annas GJ
- Subjects
- Confidentiality, Death, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Informed Consent, Legislation as Topic, United States, Bioethics, Federal Government, Organizations legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 1979
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