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1,137 results on '"Ogura, Y."'

1. Observation of Coulomb-assisted nuclear bound state of $\Xi^-$-$^{14}$N system

Author

Hayakawa, S. H., Agari, K., Ahn, J. K., Akaishi, T., Akazawa, Y., Ashikaga, S., Bassalleck, B., Bleser, S., Ekawa, H., Endo, Y., Fujikawa, Y., Fujioka, N., Fujita, M., Goto, R., Han, Y., Hasegawa, S., Hashimoto, T., Hayakawa, T., Hayata, E., Hicks, K., Hirose, E., Hirose, M., Honda, R., Hoshino, K., Hoshino, S., Hosomi, K., Hwang, S. H., Ichikawa, Y., Ichikawa, M., Imai, K., Inaba, K., Ishikawa, Y., Ito, H., Ito, K., Jung, W. S., Kanatsuki, S., Kanauchi, H., Kasagi, A., Kawai, T., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. H., Kinbara, S., Kiuchi, R., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, K., Koike, T., Koshikawa, A., Lee, J. Y., Ma, T. L., Matsumoto, S. Y., Minakawa, M., Miwa, K., Moe, A. T., Moon, T. J., Moritsu, M., Nagase, Y., Nakada, Y., Nakagawa, M., Nakashima, D., Nakazawa, K., Nanamura, T., Naruki, M., Nyaw, A. N. L., Ogura, Y., Ohashi, M., Oue, K., Ozawa, S., Pochodzalla, J., Ryu, S. Y., Sako, H., Sato, S., Sato, Y., Schupp, F., Shirotori, K., Soe, M. M., Soe, M. K., Sohn, J. Y., Sugimura, H., Suzuki, K. N., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Takeda, T., Tamura, H., Tanida, K., Theint, A. M. M., Tint, K. T., Toyama, Y., Ukai, M., Umezaki, E., Watabe, T., Watanabe, K., Yamamoto, T. O., Yang, S. B., Yoon, C. S., Yoshida, J., Yoshimoto, M., Zhang, D. H., and Zhang, Z.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

In an emulsion-counter hybrid experiment performed at J-PARC, a $\Xi^-$ absorption event was observed which decayed into twin single-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei. Kinematic calculations enabled a unique identification of the reaction process as $\Xi^{-} + ^{14}$N$\ \rightarrow\ ^{10}_\Lambda$Be + $^5_\Lambda$He. For the binding energy of the $\Xi^{-}$ hyperon in the $\Xi^-$-$^{14}$N system a value of $1.27 \pm 0.21$ MeV was deduced. The energy level of $\Xi^-$ is likely a nuclear $1p$ state which indicates a weak ${\Xi}N$-$\Lambda\Lambda$ coupling.

Published
2020
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2. Observation of a Be double-Lambda hypernucleus in the J-PARC E07 experiment

Author

Ekawa, H., Agari, K., Ahn, J. K., Akaishi, T., Akazawa, Y., Ashikaga, S., Bassalleck, B., Bleser, S., Endo, Y., Fujikawa, Y., Fujioka, N., Fujita, M., Goto, R., Han, Y., Hasegawa, S., Hashimoto, T., Hayakawa, S. H., Hayakawa, T., Hayata, E., Hicks, K., Hirose, E., Hirose, M., Honda, R., Hoshino, K., Hoshino, S., Hosomi, K., Hwang, S. H., Ichikawa, Y., Ichikawa, M., Ieiri, M., Imai, K., Inaba, K., Ishikawa, Y., Iskendir, A., Ito, H., Ito, K., Jung, W. S., Kanatsuki, S., Kanauchi, H., Kasagi, A., Kawai, T., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. H., Kinbara, S., Kiuchi, R., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, K., Koike, T., Koshikawa, A., Lee, J. Y., Lee, J. W., Ma, T. L., Matsumoto, S. Y., Minakawa, M., Miwa, K., Moe, A. T., Moon, T. J., Moritsu, M., Nagase, Y., Nakada, Y., Nakagawa, M., Nakashima, D., Nakazawa, K., Nanamura, T., Naruki, M., Nyaw, A. N. L., Ogura, Y., Ohashi, M., Oue, K., Ozawa, S., Pochodzalla, J., Ryu, S. Y., Sako, H., Sasaki, Y., Sato, S., Sato, Y., Schupp, F., Shirotori, K., Soe, M. M., Soe, M. K., Sohn, J. Y., Sugimura, H., Suzuki, K. N., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, T., Tamura, H., Tanida, K., Theint, A. M. M., Tint, K. T., Toyama, Y., Ukai, M., Umezaki, E., Watabe, T., Watanabe, K., Yamamoto, T. O., Yang, S. B., Yoon, C. S., Yoshida, J., Yoshimoto, M., Zhang, D. H., and Zhang, Z.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A double-$\Lambda$ hypernucleus, ${}_{\Lambda\Lambda}\mathrm{Be}$, was observed by the J-PARC E07 collaboration in nuclear emulsions tagged by the $(K^{-},K^{+})$ reaction. This event was interpreted as a production and decay of $ {}_{\Lambda\Lambda}^{\;10}\mathrm{Be}$, ${}_{\Lambda\Lambda}^{\;11}\mathrm{Be}$, or ${}_{\Lambda\Lambda}^{\;12}\mathrm{Be}^{*}$ via $\Xi^{-}$ capture in ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$. By assuming the capture in the atomic 3D state, the binding energy of two $\Lambda$ hyperons$\,$($B_{\Lambda\Lambda}$) of these double-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei are obtained to be $15.05 \pm 0.11\,\mathrm{MeV}$, $19.07 \pm 0.11\,\mathrm{MeV}$, and $13.68 \pm 0.11\,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. Based on the kinematic fitting, ${}_{\Lambda\Lambda}^{\;11}\mathrm{Be}$ is the most likely explanation for the observed event., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures

Published
2018
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3. First Determination of Level Structure of an $sd$-Shell Hypernucleus, $\rm {^{19}_{\Lambda}F}$

Author

Yang, S. B., Ahn, J. K., Akazawa, Y., Aoki, K., Chiga, N., Ekawa, H., Evtoukhovitch, P., Feliciello, A., Fujita, M., Hasegawa, S., Hayakawa, S., Hayakawa, T., Honda, R., Hosomi, K., Hwang, S. H., Ichige, N., Ichikawa, Y., Ikeda, M., Imai, K., Ishimoto, S., Kanatsuki, S., Kim, S. H., Kinbara, S., Kobayashi, K., Koike, T., Lee, J. Y., Miwa, K., Moon, T. J., Nagae, T., Nakada, Y., Nakagawa, M., Ogura, Y., Sakaguchi, A., Sako, H., Sasaki, Y., Sato, S., Shirotori, K., Sugimura, H., Suto, S., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, T., Tamura, H., Tanida, K., Togawa, Y., Tsamalaidze, Z., Ukai, M., Wang, T. F., and Yamamoto, T. O.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on the first observation of $\gamma$ rays emitted from an $sd$-shell hypernucleus, $\rm ^{19}_{\Lambda}F$. The energy spacing between the ground state doublet, $1/2^{+}$ and $3/2^{+}$ states, of $\rm ^{19}_{\Lambda}F$ is determined to be $\rm 315.5 \pm 0.4 (stat) ^{+0.6}_{-0.5} (syst)~keV$ by measuring the $\gamma$-ray energy from the $M1(3/2^{+} \rightarrow 1/2^{+})$ transition. In addition, three $\gamma$-ray peaks were observed and assigned as $E2(5/2^{+} \rightarrow 1/2^{+})$, $E1(1/2^{-} \rightarrow 1/2^{+})$, and $E1(1/2^{-} \rightarrow 3/2^{+})$ transitions. The excitation energies of the $5/2^{+}$ and $1/2^{-}$ states are determined to be $\rm 895.2 \pm 0.3 (stat) \pm 0.5 (syst)~keV$ and $\rm 1265.6 \pm 1.2 (stat) ^{+0.7}_{-0.5} (syst)~keV$, respectively. It is found that the ground state doublet spacing is well described by theoretical models based on existing $s$- and $p$-shell hypernuclear data.

Published
2017
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4. Ultra-Widefield Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Findings of Peripheral Retinal Degenerations and Breaks

Author

Kurobe R, Hirano Y, Ogura S, Yasukawa T, and Ogura Y

Subjects
ultra-widefield, swept-source optical coherence tomography, peripheral retinal degeneration, retinal break, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Ryo Kurobe, Yoshio Hirano, Shuntaro Ogura, Tsutomu Yasukawa, Yuichiro Ogura Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, JapanCorrespondence: Yoshio HiranoDepartment of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, JapanTel +81-52-8538251Fax +81-52-8419490Email yoshio.hirano@gmail.comPurpose: To investigate whether ultra-widefield (UWF) swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) system (Silverstone, Nikon Healthcare Japan, Inc, Tokyo, Japan) can obtain OCT images of peripheral retinal degenerations and breaks.Methods: Thirty-seven eyes of 31 consecutive cases (16 men, 15 women; mean age 51 years) who had peripheral retinal degenerations and underwent a UWF-SSOCT imaging were enrolled. The convenience and usefulness were investigated.Results: In all eyes, OCT images were capable and interpretable without any special techniques. The respective findings on OCT were retinal degeneration in 16 eyes: lattice degeneration in 8 eyes, paving stone degeneration in 4 eyes, and unclassified in 4 eyes, retinal tear in 12 eyes, and retinal hole in 9 eyes. The respective locations of the retinal degenerations or breaks were the posterior pole in 0 eyes, mid-periphery in 23 eyes, and far-periphery in 14 eyes. Fifteen eyes had a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), one of which was preoperative and the other 14 eyes were postoperative. A buckle was placed in 8 eyes for RRD repair. Subretinal fluid was observed in 9 of 21 eyes with retinal break or retinal hole. Vitreoretinal traction was observed in 10 of 27 eyes without a history of vitrectomy. Inverted artifacts on OCT images were observed in 20 of 37 eyes, which were not related to the location or axial length, but were supposed to be due to the limited scan depth.Conclusion: The UWF-SSOCT system could capture the OCT images of peripheral retinal degenerations and breaks without any special technique.Keywords: ultra-widefield, swept-source optical coherence tomography, peripheral retinal degeneration, retinal break, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Published
2021

5. Observation of Spin-Dependent Charge Symmetry Breaking in $\Lambda N$ Interaction: Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy of $^4_{\Lambda }$He

Author

Yamamoto, T. O., Agnello, M., Akazawa, Y., Amano, N., Aoki, K., Botta, E., Chiga, N., Ekawa, H., Evtoukhovitch, P., Feliciello, A., Fujita, M., Gogami, T., Hasegawa, S., Hayakawa, S. H., Hayakawa, T., Honda, R., Hosomi, K., Hwang, S . H., Ichige, N., Ichikawa, Y., Ikeda, M., Imai, K., Ishimoto, S., Kanatsuki, S., Kim, M. H., Kim, S. H., Kinbara, S., Koike, T., Lee, J . Y., Marcello, S., Miwa, K., Moon, T., Nagae, T., Nagao, S., Nakada, Y., Nakagawa, M., Ogura, Y., Sakaguchi, A., Sako, H., Sasaki, Y., Sato, S., Shiozaki, T., Shirotori, K., Sugimura, H., Suto, S., Suzuki, S., Takahashi, T., Tamura, H., Tanabe, K., Tanida, K., Tsamalaidze, Z., Ukai, M., Yamamoto, Y., and Yang, S. B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The energy spacing between the ground-state spin doublet of $^4_\Lambda $He(1$^+$,0$^+$) was determined to be $1406 \pm 2 \pm 2$ keV, by measuring $\gamma$ rays for the $1^+ \to 0^+$ transition with a high efficiency germanium detector array in coincidence with the $^4$He$(K^-,\pi^-)$ $^4_\Lambda $He reaction at J-PARC. In comparison to the corresponding energy spacing in the mirror hypernucleus $^4_\Lambda $H, the present result clearly indicates the existence of charge symmetry breaking (CSB) in $\Lambda N$ interaction. It is also found that the CSB effect is large in the $0^+$ ground state but is by one order of magnitude smaller in the $1^+$ excited state, demonstrating that the $\Lambda N$ CSB interaction has spin dependence.

Published
2015
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6. Morphologic Classifications and Locations of Microaneurysms and Clinical Relevance in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Author

Esaki Y, Hirano Y, Kurobe R, Yasuda Y, Tomiyasu T, Suzuki N, Yasukawa T, Yoshida M, and Ogura Y

Subjects
microaneurysm, morphology, macular edema, optical coherence tomography angiography, branch retinal vein occlusion., Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Yuya Esaki, Yoshio Hirano, Ryo Kurobe, Yusuke Yasuda, Taneto Tomiyasu, Norihiro Suzuki, Tsutomu Yasukawa, Munenori Yoshida, Yuichiro Ogura Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, JapanCorrespondence: Yoshio HiranoDepartment of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya 467-8601, JapanTel +81 52-8538251Fax +81 52-8419490Email yoshio.hirano@gmail.comPurpose: To classify microaneurysms (MAs) and investigate the relationships with retinal edema in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Study Design: Retrospective, observational, consecutive case series.Methods: Eyes with MAs due to BRVO that underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were enrolled. MAs on OCTA images were morphologically classified into six types: focal bulge, saccular, fusiform, mixed (saccular/fusiform), pedunculated, and irregular. The frequency, size, location, and relationships with retinal edema also were investigated.Results: Twenty-four eyes of 23 patients (12 men, 11 women; mean age, 68.0 years) were enrolled. A total of 244 MAs were detected on the OCTA images. The focal bulge and saccular types accounted for over 70% of all MAs. Smaller MAs such as the focal bulge or saccular type also were detected both at the edge of the nonperfused areas (NPAs) and in collateral vessels. In contrast, larger MAs such as the pedunculated or irregular types tended to form at the edges of the NPAs. Older age, the presence of MAs in the collateral vessels, and the absence of pedunculated type were independent predictive factors for retinal edema but not the MA size, or presence in the retinal deep capillary plexus. After treatment, the mean retinal thickness decreased significantly, but the mean MA size remained unchanged.Conclusion: OCTA enables morphologic classification, three-dimensional analysis, and investigation of the longitudinal changes of MAs with noninvasive volumetric quantification, leading to a better understanding of the pathology of MAs in eyes with BRVO.Keywords: microaneurysm, morphology, macular edema, optical coherence tomography angiography, branch retinal vein occlusion

Published
2020

7. Sympathetic ophthalmia in fellow eye after vitrectomy for massive subretinal hemorrhage secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Author

Suetsugu T, Yasukawa T, Uemura A, Higaki M, and Ogura Y

Subjects
sympathetic ophthalmia, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, vitrectomy, vitreous hemorrhage, uveitis, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Tetsuyuki Suetsugu,1 Tsutomu Yasukawa,2 Akiyoshi Uemura,1,2 Masahiko Higaki,1 Yuichiro Ogura2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Jyuzen Kinen Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Abstract: We experienced a case of sympathetic ophthalmia in a fellow eye after vitrectomy for subretinal hemorrhage related to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. A 60-year-old male consulted us for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with subretinal hemorrhage in his left eye. The recurrence of massive subretinal hemorrhage refractory to repeated pars plana vitrectomies leads to phthisis bulbi. Two months later, multiple serous retinal detachments were observed in his right eye. Positive human leukocyte antigen-DR4 and the uveitis were helpful in distinguishing between sympathetic ophthalmia and age-related macular degeneration. High-dose pulse intravenous steroid contributed to recovery of visual acuity after resolution of serous retinal detachment. Keywords: sympathetic ophthalmia, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, vitrectomy, vitreous hemorrhage, uveitis

Published
2018

8. Six-month results of intravitreal ranibizumab for macular edema after branch retinal vein occlusion in a single-center prospective study: visual outcomes and microaneurysm formation

Author

Kawamura M, Hirano Y, Yoshida M, Mizutani T, Sugitani K, Yasukawa T, and Ogura Y

Subjects
branch retinal vein occlusion, macular edema, microaneurysm, ranibizumab, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Mihoko Kawamura, Yoshio Hirano, Munenori Yoshida, Takeshi Mizutani, Kazuhiko Sugitani, Tsutomu Yasukawa, Yuichiro Ogura Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan Purpose: The aim of this study is to report the 6-month results after one intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injection followed by pro re nata dosing for macular edema (ME) after branch retinal vein occlusion.Patients and methods: The inclusion criteria included a minimal patient age of 18 years, 20 letters or more best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] score, 77 letters or less), and central retinal thickness (CRT) of 250 microns or more. The primary outcome measure was the mean BCVA change from baseline at month 6; the secondary outcomes were mean changes in CRT, residual ME, and microaneurysm formation.Results: Twenty patients were enrolled from March 2014 through October 2016 at Nagoya City University Hospital. The baseline mean ETDRS letters and CRT were 63.1 and 500 microns, respectively; mean time from symptom onset to initial therapy was 1.80 months; and mean ETDRS gain and CRT reduction were 15.2 letters and 230 microns, respectively. The percentages of patients with Snellen equivalent BCVAs of 20/40 (70 ETDRS letters) or better and 20/20 (85 ETDRS letters) were 90% and 15%, respectively. Residual ME and microaneurysms were observed in 85% and 35% of patients. Microaneurysm formation was associated with delayed initial therapy.Conclusion: Prompt initiation of IVR injection provided a better visual prognosis at month 6 and suppressed the microaneurysm formation. Keywords: branch retinal vein occlusion, macular edema, microaneurysm, ranibizumab, prompt treatment

Published
2018

9. Integrated results from the COPERNICUS and GALILEO studies

Author

Pielen A, Clark WL, Boyer DS, Ogura Y, Holz FG, Korobelnik JF, Stemper B, Asmus F, Rittenhouse KD, Ahlers C, Vitti R, Saroj N, Zeitz O, and Haller JA

Subjects
macular edema, central retinal vein occlusion, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, aflibercept, COPERNICUS, GALILEO, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Amelie Pielen,1,2 W Lloyd Clark,3 David S Boyer,4 Yuichiro Ogura,5 Frank G Holz,6 Jean-Francois Korobelnik,7,8 Brigitte Stemper,9,10 Friedrich Asmus,9 Kay D Rittenhouse,11 Christiane Ahlers,9 Robert Vitti,12 Namrata Saroj,12 Oliver Zeitz,9,13,14 Julia A Haller15 On behalf of the COPERNICUS and GALILEO study group 1Eye Center, University Hospital Freiburg, Eye Hospital, Freiburg, 2Hannover Medical School, University Eye Hospital, Hannover, Germany; 3Palmetto Retina Center, Columbia, SC, USA; 4Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Beverly Hills, CA, USA; 5Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; 6Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; 7Service d’ophtalmologie, CHU de Bordeaux, 8Service d’ophtalmologie, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France; 9Bayer AG, Berlin, 10Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; 11Bayer US LLC, Whippany, NJ, 12Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA; 13AKH Eye Clinic, Braunschweig, 14Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Hamburg, Germany; 15Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Objectives: To report on the efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept in patients with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in an integrated analysis of COPERNICUS and GALILEO. Patients and methods: Patients were randomized to receive intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg every 4 weeks or sham injections until week 24. From week 24 to week 52, all intravitreal aflibercept-treated patients in both studies and sham-treated patients in COPERNICUS were eligible to receive intravitreal aflibercept based on prespecified criteria. In GALILEO, sham-treated patients continued to receive sham treatment through week 52. Results: At week 24, mean gain in best-corrected visual acuity and mean reduction in central retinal thickness were greater for intravitreal aflibercept-treated patients compared with sham, consistent with individual trial results. At week 52, after 6 months of intravitreal aflibercept as-needed treatment in COPERNICUS, patients originally randomized to sham group experienced visual and anatomic improvements but did not improve to the extent of those initially treated with intravitreal aflibercept, while the sham group in GALILEO did not improve over week 24 mean best-corrected visual acuity scores. Ocular serious adverse events occurred in

Published
2017

11. Evaluation of peripheral fundus autofluorescence in eyes with wet age-related macular degeneration

Author

Suetsugu T, Kato A, Yoshida M, Yasukawa T, Nishiwaki A, Hasegawa N, Usui H, and Ogura Y

Subjects
age-related macular degeneration, fundus autofluorescence, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, retinal angiomatous proliferation, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Tetsuyuki Suetsugu,1,2 Aki Kato,1 Munenori Yoshida,1 Tsutomu Yasukawa,1 Akiko Nishiwaki,1,3 Norio Hasegawa,1 Hideaki Usui,1 Yuichiro Ogura1 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 2Department of Ophthalmology, General Kamiiida Daiichi Hospital, 3Nishiwaki Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal peripheral fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using wide-field imaging instrument. Patients and methods: A retrospective, case-controlled study involving 66 eyes of 46 Japanese wet AMD patients and 32 eyes of 20 control patients was performed. Wide-field FAF images were obtained for typical AMD (37 eyes/28 patients), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (22 eyes/20 patients), and retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) (seven eyes/four patients). Two masked ophthalmologists independently graded the images for mottled, granular, and nummular patterns. Main outcome measures were abnormal peripheral FAF frequencies and relative risks by disease subgroups and treatments. Results: Abnormal peripheral FAF patterns were found in 51.5% of wet AMD eyes compared with 18.8% of control eyes (P

Published
2016

12. Rodent models of diabetic nephropathy: their utility and limitations

Author

Kitada M, Ogura Y, and Koya D

Subjects
Diabetic nephropathy, Streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal, Akita Ins2+/C96Y mutation mouse, OVE26 FVB mouse, db/db mouse, KK-Ay mouse, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, Wistar fatty rats, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats, Goto-Kakizaki rats, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Munehiro Kitada,1,2 Yoshio Ogura,2 Daisuke Koya1,2 1Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, 2Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Therefore, novel therapies for the suppression of diabetic nephropathy must be developed. Rodent models are useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of diseases and testing novel therapies, and many type 1 and type 2 diabetic rodent models have been established for the study of diabetes and diabetic complications. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals are widely used as a model of type 1 diabetes. Akita diabetic mice that have an Ins2+/C96Y mutation and OVE26 mice that overexpress calmodulin in pancreatic β-cells serve as a genetic model of type 1 diabetes. In addition, db/db mice, KK-Ay mice, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, Wistar fatty rats, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats and Goto-Kakizaki rats serve as rodent models of type 2 diabetes. An animal model of diabetic nephropathy should exhibit progressive albuminuria and a decrease in renal function, as well as the characteristic histological changes in the glomeruli and the tubulointerstitial lesions that are observed in cases of human diabetic nephropathy. A rodent model that strongly exhibits all these features of human diabetic nephropathy has not yet been developed. However, the currently available rodent models of diabetes can be useful in the study of diabetic nephropathy by increasing our understanding of the features of each diabetic rodent model. Furthermore, the genetic background and strain of each mouse model result in differences in susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria and the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. Therefore, the validation of an animal model reproducing human diabetic nephropathy will significantly facilitate our understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we focus on rodent models of diabetes and discuss the utility and limitations of these models for the study of diabetic nephropathy. Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, rodent model, albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Published
2016

13. Preoperative optical coherence tomography visualization of epiretinal membranes enhances surgical strategies

Author

Suzuki N, Hirano Y, Ichida M, Tomiyasu T, Esaki Y, Yasukawa T, and Ogura Y

Subjects
optical coherence tomography, epiretinal membrane, surgical strategy, membrane edges, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Norihiro Suzuki, Yoshio Hirano, Miyu Ichida, Taneto Tomiyasu, Yuya Esaki, Tsutomu Yasukawa, Yuichiro Ogura Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with macular epiretinal membrane (ERM) for the planning of surgical strategy.Patients and methods: One hundred twenty-three eyes of 121 patients (49 men, 72 women; mean age, 66 years) with an idiopathic ERM were enrolled. All patients underwent an ophthalmic examination including indirect ophthalmoscopy and OCT (Cirrus HD-OCT 4000 and/or 5000). OCT images obtained using model 4000 were transferred to the model 5000 system for vitreoretinal interface (VRI) analysis. The retinal thickness in each area, occurrence rate, and locations of the edges and partial detachments of the ERMs were evaluated using OCT.Results: OCT detected identifiable edges in 61 (50%) eyes and partial detachments in 116 (94%) of the 123 eyes. The edges and partial detachments were seen more frequently in the inferior macula. VRI analysis also detected the edges and partial detachments. Excluding the central area, the superior quadrant was the thickest in patients with an ERM. Conclusion: Preoperatively acquired OCT images are useful for planning surgical strategies and performing the surgeries smoothly. Keywords: optical coherence tomography, epiretinal membrane, surgical strategy, membrane edges

Published
2016

14. Wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography using extended field imaging technique to evaluate the nonperfusion area in retinal vein occlusion

Author

Kimura M, Nozaki M, Yoshida M, and Ogura Y

Subjects
optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), non-perfusion area, wide-field imaging, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Masayo Kimura, Miho Nozaki, Munenori Yoshida, Yuichiro Ogura Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan Purpose: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a newly developed technology which allows us to reconstruct the three-dimensional chorioretinal vasculature without dye injection. OCTA is a noninvasive, rapid, and reproducible method to assess retinal ischemia. However, one of its limitations is the size of scanning area. A novel yet simple technique to expand the scan length on optical coherence tomography has been reported as an extended field imaging (EFI) technique. It involves imaging the posterior pole through trial frames fitted with a +20 diopter lens. We applied this technique to OCTA to evaluate retinal vein occlusion.Materials and methods: Ten eyes of nine patients with retinal vein occlusion were studied. The average age was 69.0 years (range: 49–93 years). We obtained OCTA images by using RTVue XR Avanti OCT with AngioVue®. The images of OCTA with scan size of 8×8 mm were obtained with and without EFI, and then they were compared.Results: OCTA with EFI technique was performed successfully in all eyes. The nonperfusion area was well defined in superficial capillary plexus layer. The images with EFI were able to capture the larger area of the fundus by an average of 188.5% than those without EFI. The posterior pole inside the vascular arcade was well covered with this technique. The area of the fundus imaged by OCTA with EFI technique was even larger than that of fluorescein angio­graphy using Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2, which captured a 30° field.Conclusion: Our results suggested that OCTA with EFI technique is very useful to evaluate the retinal ischemia in retinal vein occlusion. Keywords: optical coherence tomography angiography, OCTA, retinal vein occlusion, RVO, nonperfusion area, wide-field imaging, extended field imaging, EFI

Published
2016

17. Effects on caregiver burden of a donepezil hydrochloride dosage increase to 10 mg/day in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Author

Nakamura K, Watanabe N, Ohkawa H, Ando M, Ogura Y, Funabiki S, Kume A, Urano K, Osada T, and Yamamura K

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Kazuhito Nakamura,1,2 Norio Watanabe,1 Hiroshi Ohkawa,3 Michiyasu Ando,4 Yukio Ogura,5 Sumito Funabiki,6 Akito Kume,7 Kimihiko Urano,1 Takashi Osada,1 Keiko Yamamura1 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 2Koyo Pharmacy, 3Ohkawa Clinic, 4Ando Clinic, 5Total Support Clinic, 6Funabiki Clinic, 7Kume Clinic, Aichi, Japan Background: In this study, we evaluated changes in functioning and caregiver burden in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients after a dosage increase that was made based on pharmacists’ evaluation of AD patients’ behavior in daily life. Methods: Pharmacists used a checklist, a questionnaire, and the Repetitive Saliva ­Swallowing Test (RSST) to gather data on the daily life of AD patients taking donepezil 5 mg/day and their caregivers. In 27 cases, pharmacists suggested a dosage change to 10 mg/day to AD patients’ physicians. Pharmacists then evaluated these patients for 16 weeks after the increase to determine changes in functional assessment staging, caregiver burden, and swallowing function. Results: During the 16-week study, 20 of the 27 patients showed at least one-stage improvement in relation to the five assessed aspects of daily life (time/place, speech, bathing, dressing, and toileting). The mean score for caregiver burden due to personal strain was significantly lower after the dosage increase than before (5.15±3.76 at baseline; from 3.89±3.42 at week 4 to 3.59±3.90 at week 16; P

Published
2014

18. A case of retinopathy of prematurity treated by pattern scan laser photocoagulation

Author

Ota S, Nozaki M, Hirahara S, Hattori T, Yoshida M, and Ogura Y

Subjects
Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Satoshi Ota, Miho Nozaki, Shuichiro Hirahara, Tomoaki Hattori, Munenori Yoshida, Yuichiro Ogura Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan Abstract: We experienced a case of retinopathy of prematurity that was successfully treated with pattern scan laser. Pattern scan laser treatment should be considered as one treatment option for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Keywords: retinopathy of prematurity, PASCAL, slit-lamp delivery

Published
2014

20. Response to Lefebvre et al

Author

Takeda, K., Kou, I., Kawakami, N., Yasuhiko, Y., Ogura, Y., Imagawa, E., Miyake, N., Matsumoto, N., Sudo, H., Kotani, T., Nakamura, M., Matsumoto, M., Watanabe, K., and Ikegawa, S.

Published
2017
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22. Recommendations for OCT Angiography Reporting in Retinal Vascular Disease: A Delphi Approach by International Experts.

Author

Munk, MR, Kashani, AH, Tadayoni, R, Korobelnik, J-F, Wolf, S, Pichi, F, Koh, A, Ishibazawa, A, Gaudric, A, Loewenstein, A, Lumbroso, B, Ferrara, D, Sarraf, D, Wong, DT, Skondra, D, Rodriguez, FJ, Staurenghi, G, Pearce, I, Kim, JE, Freund, KB, Parodi, MB, Waheed, NK, Rosen, R, Spaide, RF, Nakao, S, Sadda, S, Vujosevic, S, Wong, TY, Murata, T, Chakravarthy, U, Ogura, Y, Huf, W, Tian, M, Munk, MR, Kashani, AH, Tadayoni, R, Korobelnik, J-F, Wolf, S, Pichi, F, Koh, A, Ishibazawa, A, Gaudric, A, Loewenstein, A, Lumbroso, B, Ferrara, D, Sarraf, D, Wong, DT, Skondra, D, Rodriguez, FJ, Staurenghi, G, Pearce, I, Kim, JE, Freund, KB, Parodi, MB, Waheed, NK, Rosen, R, Spaide, RF, Nakao, S, Sadda, S, Vujosevic, S, Wong, TY, Murata, T, Chakravarthy, U, Ogura, Y, Huf, W, and Tian, M

Abstract

PURPOSE: To develop a consensus nomenclature for reporting OCT angiography (OCTA) findings in retinal vascular disease (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion) by international experts. DESIGN: Delphi-based survey. SUBJECTS, PARTICIPANTS, AND/OR CONTROLS: Twenty-five retinal vascular disease and OCTA imaging experts. METHODS, INTERVENTION, OR TESTING: A Delphi method of consensus development was used, comprising 2 rounds of online questionnaires, followed by a face-to-face meeting conducted virtually. Twenty-five experts in retinal vascular disease and retinal OCTA imaging were selected to constitute the OCTA Nomenclature in Delphi Study Group for retinal vascular disease. The 4 main areas of consensus were: definition of the parameters of "wide-field (WF)" OCTA, measurement of decreased vascular flow on conventional and WF-OCTA, nomenclature of OCTA findings, and OCTA in retinal vascular disease management and staging. The study end point was defined by the degree of consensus for each question: "strong consensus" was defined as ≥85% agreement, "consensus" as 80% to 84%, and "near consensus" as 70% to 79%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Consensus and near consensus on OCTA nomenclature in retinal vascular disease. RESULTS: A consensus was reached that a meaningful change in percentage of flow on WF-OCTA imaging should be an increase or decrease ≥30% of the absolute imaged area of flow signal and that a "large area" of WF-OCTA reduced flow signal should also be defined as ≥30% of the absolute imaged area. The presence of new vessels and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, the foveal avascular zone parameters, the presence and amount of "no-flow areas," and the assessment of vessel density in various retinal layers should be added for the staging and classification of diabetic retinopathy. Decreased flow ≥30% of the absolute imaged area should define an ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Several other items did not meet consensus requirements or were

Published
2022

29. Non-ICGA treatment criteria for Suboptimal Anti-VEGF Response for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: APOIS PCV Workgroup Report 2

Author

Teo, KYC, Sadda, SR, Cheung, CMG, Chakravarthy, U, Staurenghi, G, Invernizzi, A, Ogura, Y, Ruamviboonsuk, P, Chen, S-J, Gupta, V, Tan, C, Chhablani, J, Corvi, F, Kim, JE, Gomi, F, Koh, AH, Kokame, G, Mitchell, P, Wong, TY, Lee, WK, Lai, TYY, Teo, KYC, Sadda, SR, Cheung, CMG, Chakravarthy, U, Staurenghi, G, Invernizzi, A, Ogura, Y, Ruamviboonsuk, P, Chen, S-J, Gupta, V, Tan, C, Chhablani, J, Corvi, F, Kim, JE, Gomi, F, Koh, AH, Kokame, G, Mitchell, P, Wong, TY, Lee, WK, and Lai, TYY

Abstract

PURPOSE: To develop and validate OCT and color fundus photography (CFP) criteria in differentiating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) from typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in eyes with suboptimal response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monotherapy and to determine whether OCT alone can be used to guide photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment. DESIGN: Clinical study evaluating diagnostic accuracy. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with nAMD who received 3-month anti-VEGF monotherapy but had persistent activity defined as subretinal fluid or intraretinal fluid at month 3 assessments. METHODS: In phase 1, international retina experts evaluated OCT and CFP of eyes with nAMD to identify the presence or absence of features due to PCV. The performance of individual and combinations of these features were compared with ICGA. In phase 2, these criteria were applied to an independent image set to assess generalizability. In a separate exercise, retinal experts drew proposed PDT treatment spots using only OCT and near-infrared (NIR) images in eyes with PCV and persistent activity. The location and size of proposed spot were compared with ICGA to determine the extent of coverage of polypoidal lesions (PLs) and branching neovascular network (BNN). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity and specificity of CFP and OCT criteria to differentiate PCV from nAMD and accuracy of coverage of OCT-guided PDT compared with ICGA. RESULTS: In eyes with persistent activity, the combination of 3 non-ICGA-based criteria (sharp-peaked pigment epithelial detachment [PED], subretinal pigment epithelium [RPE] ring-like lesion, and orange nodule) to detect PCV showed good agreement compared with ICGA, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85. Validation using both an independent image set and assessors achieved an accuracy of 0.77. Compared with ICGA, the OCT-guided PDT treatment spot covered 100% of PL and 90% of the BNN. CONCLUSIONS: I

Published
2021

30. Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Consensus Nomenclature and Non-Indocyanine Green Angiograph Diagnostic Criteria from the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society PCV Workgroup

Author

Cheung, CM, Lai, TYY, Teo, K, Ruamviboonsuk, P, Chen, S-J, Kim, JE, Gomi, F, Koh, AH, Kokame, G, Jordan-Yu, JM, Corvi, F, Invernizzi, A, Ogura, Y, Tan, C, Mitchell, P, Gupta, V, Chhablani, J, Chakravarthy, U, Sadda, SR, Wong, TY, Staurenghi, G, Lee, WK, Cheung, CM, Lai, TYY, Teo, K, Ruamviboonsuk, P, Chen, S-J, Kim, JE, Gomi, F, Koh, AH, Kokame, G, Jordan-Yu, JM, Corvi, F, Invernizzi, A, Ogura, Y, Tan, C, Mitchell, P, Gupta, V, Chhablani, J, Chakravarthy, U, Sadda, SR, Wong, TY, Staurenghi, G, and Lee, WK

Abstract

PURPOSE: To develop consensus terminology in the setting of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and to develop and validate a set of diagnostic criteria not requiring indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) for differentiating PCV from typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) based on a combination of OCT and color fundus photography findings. DESIGN: Evaluation of diagnostic test results. PARTICIPANTS: Panel of retina specialists. METHODS: As part of the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society, an international group of experts surveyed and discussed the published literature regarding the current nomenclature and lesion components for PCV, and proposed an updated consensus nomenclature that reflects our latest understanding based on imaging and histologic reports. The workgroup evaluated a set of diagnostic features based on OCT images and color fundus photographs for PCV that may distinguish it from typical nAMD and assessed the performance of individual and combinations of these non-ICGA features, aiming to propose a new set of diagnostic criteria that does not require the use of ICGA. The final recommendation was validated in 80 eyes from 2 additional cohorts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Consensus nomenclature system for PCV lesion components and non-ICGA-based criteria to differentiate PCV from typical nAMD. RESULTS: The workgroup recommended the terms polypoidal lesion and branching neovascular network for the 2 key lesion components in PCV. For the diagnosis of PCV, the combination of 3 OCT-based major criteria (sub-retinal pigment epithelium [RPE] ring-like lesion, en face OCT complex RPE elevation, and sharp-peaked PED) achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Validation of this new scheme in a separate subset 80 eyes achieved an accuracy of 82%. CONCLUSIONS: We propose updated terminology for PCV lesion components that better reflects the nature of these lesions and is based on international consensus. A set of

Published
2021

35. Expression of NOD2 in Paneth cells: a possible link to Crohn's ileitis

Author

Ogura, Y., Lala, S., Xin, W., Smith, E., Dowds, T.A., Chen, F.F., Zimmermann, E., Tretiakova, M., Cho, J.H., Hart, J., Greenson, J.K., Keshav, S., and Nunez, G.

Subjects
Gene mutations -- Analysis -- Genetic aspects, Linkage (Genetics) -- Analysis -- Genetic aspects, Disease susceptibility -- Genetic aspects, Crohn's disease -- Genetic aspects, Health
Abstract

Gut 2003;52:1591-1597 Background and aims: Genetic variation in NOD2 has been associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) and specifically with ileal involvement. The reason for the unique association of [...]

Published
2003

36. Suppressive effects of selectin inhibitor SKK-60060 on the leucocyte infiltration during endotoxin induced uveitis. (Laboratory Science)

Author

Yamashiro, K., Kiryu, J., Tsujikawa, A., Nonaka, A., Nishijima, K., Kamizuru, H., Miyamoto, K., Honda, Y., Jomori, T., and Ogura, Y.

Subjects
Eye diseases -- Research -- Drug therapy -- Physiological aspects, Uveitis -- Research -- Physiological aspects -- Drug therapy, Anti-inflammatory drugs -- Research -- Physiological aspects, Health, Drug therapy, Physiological aspects, Research
Abstract

Background: It is well known that selectin is involved in the development of endotoxin induced uveitis (EIU), and has a major role in leucocyte infiltration. Recently, a novel selectin inhibitor [...]

Published
2003

46. A Rare Case of Metastasis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma to the Jejunum

Author

Hoshino H, Noda A, Yamashita M, Matsushita T, Ogura Y, Takeharu Enomoto, Otsubo T, T. Fukunaga, O. Saji, Shinya Mikami, Ishigouoka S, Takashi Fujino, and Saeko Naruki

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Merkel cell carcinoma, business.industry, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Metastasis, Jejunum, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Rare case, medicine, business
Abstract

378 Yuta Ogura1, Takeharu Enomoto1, Shinya Mikami1, Hiroyuki Hoshino1, Akiyoshi Noda1, Osamu Saji1, Tsunehisa Matsushita1, Shinya Ishigouoka2, Masaki Yamashita2, Saeko Naruki3, Takashi Fujino3, Tetsu Fukunaga1, Takehito Otsubo1 1Division of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, 2Division of Gastroenterological Internal Medicine, 3Department of Pathology; St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan. A Rare Case of Metastasis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma to the Jejunum JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2016;6(3):378-381

Published
2016
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48. Observation of a Be double-Lambda hypernucleus in the J-PARC E07 experiment

Author

Ekawa, H, primary, Agari, K, additional, Ahn, J K, additional, Akaishi, T, additional, Akazawa, Y, additional, Ashikaga, S, additional, Bassalleck, B, additional, Bleser, S, additional, Endo, Y, additional, Fujikawa, Y, additional, Fujioka, N, additional, Fujita, M, additional, Goto, R, additional, Han, Y, additional, Hasegawa, S, additional, Hashimoto, T, additional, Hayakawa, S H, additional, Hayakawa, T, additional, Hayata, E, additional, Hicks, K, additional, Hirose, E, additional, Hirose, M, additional, Honda, R, additional, Hoshino, K, additional, Hoshino, S, additional, Hosomi, K, additional, Hwang, S H, additional, Ichikawa, Y, additional, Ichikawa, M, additional, Ieiri, M, additional, Imai, K, additional, Inaba, K, additional, Ishikawa, Y, additional, Iskendir, A, additional, Ito, H, additional, Ito, K, additional, Jung, W S, additional, Kanatsuki, S, additional, Kanauchi, H, additional, Kasagi, A, additional, Kawai, T, additional, Kim, M H, additional, Kim, S H, additional, Kinbara, S, additional, Kiuchi, R, additional, Kobayashi, H, additional, Kobayashi, K, additional, Koike, T, additional, Koshikawa, A, additional, Lee, J Y, additional, Lee, J W, additional, Ma, T L, additional, Matsumoto, S Y, additional, Minakawa, M, additional, Miwa, K, additional, Moe, A T, additional, Moon, T J, additional, Moritsu, M, additional, Nagase, Y, additional, Nakada, Y, additional, Nakagawa, M, additional, Nakashima, D, additional, Nakazawa, K, additional, Nanamura, T, additional, Naruki, M, additional, Nyaw, A N L, additional, Ogura, Y, additional, Ohashi, M, additional, Oue, K, additional, Ozawa, S, additional, Pochodzalla, J, additional, Ryu, S Y, additional, Sako, H, additional, Sasaki, Y, additional, Sato, S, additional, Sato, Y, additional, Schupp, F, additional, Shirotori, K, additional, Soe, M M, additional, Soe, M K, additional, Sohn, J Y, additional, Sugimura, H, additional, Suzuki, K N, additional, Takahashi, H, additional, Takahashi, T, additional, Takahashi, Y, additional, Takeda, T, additional, Tamura, H, additional, Tanida, K, additional, Theint, A M M, additional, Tint, K T, additional, Toyama, Y, additional, Ukai, M, additional, Umezaki, E, additional, Watabe, T, additional, Watanabe, K, additional, Yamamoto, T O, additional, Yang, S B, additional, Yoon, C S, additional, Yoshida, J, additional, Yoshimoto, M, additional, Zhang, D H, additional, and Zhang, Z, additional

Published
2019
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49. Feedforward noise canceller for PR1ML

Author

Marukawa, S., Hiratsuka, T., Ogura, Y., and Urita, K.

Subjects
Electromagnetic noise -- Equipment and supplies, Communications circuits -- Equipment and supplies, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

We present the performance of a feedforward noise canceller (FNC) for the PR1 [(1+D)] channel combined with an 8/10 DC free code. It appears the PR1 channel can he superior to PR4 [(1-D)(1+D)] and EPR4 [(1-D)[(1+D).sup.2]] for high density magnetic recording due to a characteristic of high frequency suppression. Simulation results show that PR1 with FNC is better than EPR4 for K[greater than or equal to] 2.5 [K=[PW.sub.50/T]. We adapted PR1 with FNC into an actual DDS3 (Digital Data Storage 3) system and we got an improved result. Applying FNC to DDS3 system can improve the error rate by around [10.sup.2].

Published
1997

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