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1. Inhibition of mTOR Signaling and Clinical Activity of Rapamycin in Head and Neck Cancer in a Window of Opportunity Trial

Author

Day, Terry A, Shirai, Keisuke, O'Brien, Paul E, Matheus, Maria Gisele, Godwin, Kristina, Sood, Amit J, Kompelli, Anvesh, Vick, Julie A, Martin, Daniel, Vitale-Cross, Lynn, Callejas-Varela, Juan Luis, Wang, Zhiyong, Wu, Xingyu, Harismendy, Olivier, Molinolo, Alfredo A, Lippman, Scott M, Van Waes, Carter, Szabo, Eva, and Gutkind, J Silvio

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Rare Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cancer, Orphan Drug, Digestive Diseases, Clinical Research, Health Disparities, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Animals, Apoptosis, Cell Line, Tumor, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Humans, Male, Mice, Middle Aged, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Phosphorylation, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Signal Transduction, Sirolimus, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Exome Sequencing, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Whole Exome Sequencing, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

PurposeWe studied the impact of mTOR signaling inhibition with rapamycin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the neoadjuvant setting. The goals were to evaluate the mTOR pathway as a therapeutic target for patients with advanced HNSCC, and the clinical safety, antitumor, and molecular activity of rapamycin administration on HNSCC.Patients and methodsPatients with untreated stage II-IVA HNSCC received rapamycin for 21 days (day 1, 15 mg; days 2-12, 5 mg) prior to definitive treatment with surgery or chemoradiation. Treatment responses were assessed clinically and radiographically with CT and FDG-PET. Pre- and posttreatment biopsies and blood were obtained for toxicity, immune monitoring, and IHC assessment of mTOR signaling, as well as exome sequencing.ResultsSixteen patients (eight oral cavity, eight oropharyngeal) completed rapamycin and definitive treatment. Half of patients were p16 positive. One patient had a pathologic complete response and four (25%) patients met RECIST criteria for response (1 CR, 3 PR, 12 SD). Treatment was well tolerated with no grade 4 or unexpected toxicities. No significant immune suppression was observed. Downstream mTOR signaling was downregulated in tumor tissues as measured by phosphorylation of S6 (P < 0.0001), AKT (P < 0.0001), and 4EBP (P = 0.0361), with a significant compensatory increase in phosphorylated ERK in most patients (P < 0.001). Ki67 was reduced in tumor biopsies in all patients (P = 0.013).ConclusionsRapamycin treatment was well tolerated, reduced mTOR signaling and tumor growth, and resulted in significant clinical responses despite the brief treatment duration, thus supporting the potential role of mTOR inhibitors in treatment regimens for HNSCC.

Published
2019

2. Tyk2 and Stat3 Regulate Brown Adipose Tissue Differentiation and Obesity

Author

Derecka, Marta, Gornicka, Agnieszka, Koralov, Sergei B., Szczepanek, Karol, Morgan, Magdalena, Raje, Vidisha, Sisler, Jennifer, Zhang, Qifang, Otero, Dennis, Cichy, Joanna, Rajewsky, Klaus, Shimoda, Kazuya, Poli, Valeria, Strobl, Birgit, Pellegrini, Sandra, Harris, Thurl E., Seale, Patrick, Russell, Aaron P., McAinch, Andrew J., O’Brien, Paul E., Keller, Susanna R., Croniger, Colleen M., Kordula, Tomasz, and Larner, Andrew C.

Published
2012
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4. Cost-efficacy of surgically induced weight loss for the management of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Author

Keating, Catherine L., Dixon, John B., Moodie, Marjory L., Peeters, Anna, Playfair, Julie, and O'Brien, Paul E.

Subjects
Medical care, Cost of -- Research, Obesity -- Research -- Care and treatment -- Complications and side effects -- Surgery, Diabetes -- Research, Type 2 diabetes -- Research -- Care and treatment -- Complications and side effects, Weight loss -- Research -- Care and treatment -- Complications and side effects, Health, Company business management, Management, Diseases, Care and treatment, Complications and side effects, Research
Abstract

OBJECTIVE--To determine the within-trial cost-efficacy of surgical therapy relative to conventional therapy for achieving remission of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in class I and II obese patients. RESEARCH DESIGN [...]

Published
2009

5. Cost-effectiveness of surgically induced weight loss for the management of type 2 diabetes: modeled lifetime analysis

Author

Keating, Catherine L., Dixon, John B., Moodie, Marjory L., Peeters, Anna, Bulfone, Liliana, Maglianno, Dianna J., and O'Brien, Paul E.

Subjects
Medical care, Cost of -- Models, Medical research -- Models, Medicine, Experimental -- Models, Obesity -- Care and treatment -- Models, Diabetes therapy -- Models, Type 2 diabetes -- Care and treatment -- Models, Diabetics -- Care and treatment -- Models, Weight loss -- Care and treatment -- Models, Health, Company business management, Management, Diseases, Care and treatment, Models
Abstract

OBJECTIVE--To estimate the cost-effectiveness of surgically induced weight loss relative to conventional therapy for the management of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in class VII obese patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND [...]

Published
2009

7. Preoperative weight loss with a very-low-energy diet: quantitation of changes in liver and abdominal fat by serial imaging

Author

Colles, Susan L., Dixon, John B., Marks, Paul, Strauss, Boyd J., and O'Brien, Paul E.

Subjects
Diet -- Usage, Weight loss -- Research, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background: A very-low-energy diet (VLED) can result in substantial, rapid weight loss and is increasingly prescribed before obesity surgery to minimize risk and difficulty by reducing liver size and abdominal adiposity. Despite its growing popularity, a VLED in this setting has received little attention. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and acceptability of a preoperative VLED. Design: In a prospective observational study, 32 subjects (n = 19 men and 13 women) with a mean ([+ or -] SD) age of 47.5 [+ or -] 8.3 y and a body mass index (in kg/[m.sup.2]) of 47.3 [+ or -] 5.3 consumed a VLED for 12 wk. Primary outcomes included changes in liver volume (LV) and in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT). Changes in body weight, anthropometric measures, and biochemical variables were also recorded, and compliance with, acceptability of, and side effects of treatment were assessed. Changes in LV and VAT/SAT area were measured by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Results: Mean ([+ or -] SD) LV, VAT/SAT, and body weight decreased significantly (P < 0.001 for all). The degree of LV reduction was directly related to the reduction in relative body weight (r = 0.54, P = 0.001) and initial LV (r = 0.43, P = 0.015). Eighty percent of the reduction in LV occurred between weeks 0 and 2 (P < 0.001). Reductions in body weight and VAT were uniform over the 12-wk period. Attrition was 14%. Acceptability was adequate but waned over time, and mild transitory side effects occurred. Conclusions: Given the observed early reduction in LV and the progressive reduction in VAT, we suggest that the minimum duration for a preoperative VLED be 2 wk. Ideally, the duration should be 6 wk to achieve maximal LV reduction and significant reductions in VAT and body weight without compromising compliance and acceptability. KEY WORDS Severe obesity, fatty liver, very-low-energy diet, VLED, weight loss, surgery, laparoscopy, body composition

Published
2006

15. GM3 ganglioside and phosphatidylethanolamine-containing lipids are adipose tissue markers of insulin resistance in obese women

Author

Wentworth, John M., Naselli, Gaetano, Ngui, Katrina, Smyth, Gordon K., Liu, Ruijie, O'Brien, Paul E., Bruce, Clinton, Weir, Jacqui, Cinel, Michelle, Meikle, Peter J., Harrison, Leonard C., Wentworth, John M., Naselli, Gaetano, Ngui, Katrina, Smyth, Gordon K., Liu, Ruijie, O'Brien, Paul E., Bruce, Clinton, Weir, Jacqui, Cinel, Michelle, Meikle, Peter J., and Harrison, Leonard C.

Abstract

AimsThe association between central obesity and insulin resistance reflects the properties of visceral adipose tissue. Our aim was to gain further insight into this association by analysing the lipid composition of subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in obese women with and without insulin resistance.MethodsSubcutaneous and omental adipose tissue and serum were obtained from 29 obese non-diabetic women, 13 of whom were hyperinsulinemic. Histology, and lipid and gene profiling were performed.ResultsIn omental adipose tissue of obese, insulin-resistant women, adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration were accompanied by an increase in GM3 ganglioside and its synthesis enzyme ST3GAL5; in addition, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids were increased and their degradation enzyme, PEMT, decreased. ST3GAL5 was expressed predominantly in adipose stromovascular cells and PEMT in adipocytes. Insulin resistance was also associated with an increase in PE lipids in serum.InterpretationThe relevance of these findings to insulin resistance in humans is supported by published mouse studies in which adipocyte GM3 ganglioside, increased by the inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α, impaired insulin action, and PEMT was required for adipocyte lipid storage. Thus, in visceral adipose tissue of obese humans, an increase in GM3 ganglioside secondary to inflammation may contribute to insulin resistance and a decrease in PEMT may be a compensatory response to adipocyte hypertrophy.International Journal of Obesity accepted article preview online, 26 October 2015. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.223.

Published
2016

17. Tratamiento de quiste dentígero bilateral mandibular por medio de dos tipos de tratamientos: Relato de caso clínico y comparación entre las técnicas

Author

Allais de Maurette, Marvis E, Maurette O’Brien, Paul E, Haiter-Neto, Francisco, and de Moraes, Márcio

Subjects
Decompression, Enucleação, Dentigerous Cyst, Descompresão, Descompresión, Enucleation, Cisto Dentígero, Quiste Dentígero, Enucleación
Abstract

Los quistes dentígeros son el segundo tipo mas común de lesión quística de desarrollo en la mandíbula y han sido asociados con la retención de los terceros molares. Son pocos los reportes sobre quistes dentígeros bilaterales o múltiples en pacientes no sindrómicos. Su tratamiento puede ser por medio de la enucleación o descompresión y este es determinado principalmente por el tamaño de la lesión. Algunos artículos hablan del tratamiento de los quistes dentígeros pero no encontramos en la literatura ninguno comparando ambos tratamientos. En este artículo reportamos un caso de quiste dentígero bilateral en un paciente no sindrómico en el cual se realizó como tratamiento, del lado izquierdo descompresión y del lado derecho enucleación, con un acompañamiento posterior de 5 años consecutivos, sin observarse recidiva de la lesión. Dentigerous cyst are the second most common developmental cyst of the jaws and its been associated with impacted third molar teeth. Its rare reports about bilateral or multiple dentigerous cysts in nonsyndromic patients. They treatment can be enucleation or decompression and must be predicated upon the size of lesion. Some articles talk about treatment of dentigerous cyst but we don’t find any one comparing both treatments. Here, we report a case of bilateral nonsyndromic dentigerous cyst comparing the treatment decompression vs. enucleation and follow up for 5 years, without recurrence. Os cistos dentígeros são o segundo tipo mais comun de lesão cística de desenvolvimento na mandíbula e tem sido associado com a retenção dos terceiros molares. São poucos os relatos de cistos dentígeros bilaterais ou multiplos em pacientes não sindrómicos. Seu tratamento pode ser por meio de enucleação ou descompresão e esta determinado principalmente pelo tamanho da lesão. Algun trabalhos relatam o tratamento dos cistos dentígeros porém não encontramos na literatura nenhum comparando ambos os tratamentos. Neste trabalho relatamos um caso de cisto dentígero bilateral num paciente não sindrómico onde se realizou como tratamento, do lado esquerdo descompresão e do lado direito enucleação, com un acompanhamento pós-operatório de 5 anos consecutivos, sem observar recidiva da lesão.

Published
2007

18. Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion, unilateral approach

Author

Rodrigues Laureano Filho, José, Allais de Maurette, Marvis, Maurette O’Brien, Paul E, and Nicodemos da Cruz, Humberto

Subjects
Ortodoncia, Anomalias da Maxila, Palatal Expansion Technique, Mal oclusão, Técnica de Expansión Palatina, Orthodontia, Técnica de Expansão Palatina, Maloclusión, Malocclusion, Anomalías del Maxilar, Ortodontia, Maxilla Anomalies
Abstract

Una adecuada dimensión transversal del maxilar superior es un componente crítico para obtener una oclusión funcional estable. Aunque la expansión rápida del maxilar puede ser usada en pacientes jóvenes, con el pasar del tiempo y el envejecimiento del individuo, las suturas óseas van ínter digitándose y llegan a fundirse parcial o totalmente. La expansión rápida del maxilar quirúrgicamente asistida en pacientes que presentan una madurez esquelética avanzada es el procedimiento de preferencia para corregir las deficiencias transversales del maxilar. En el siguiente artículo, presentamos un relato de caso clínico de deficiencia transversa del maxilar superior tratada con Expansión Rápida Quirúrgicamente Asistida, de forma unilateral. Uma adequada dimensão transversal da maxila e um componente crítico para obter uma oclusão funcional estável. A pesar da expansão rápida da maxila ser usada m pacientes jovens, com o decorrer do tempo e o envelhecimento do individuo, as suturas ósseas vão ínterdigitándose chegando a se fundir parcial o totalmente. A expansão rápida da maxila cirurgicamente assistida em pacientes que apresentam uma maturidade esquelética avançada é o procedimento de preferência para corrigir as deficiências transversais da maxila. No seguinte artículo, apresentamos um relato de caso clínico de deficiência transversa da maxila tratada com Expansão Rápida Cirurgicamente Assistida, de forma unilateral. An adequate transverse maxillary dimension is a critical component to obtain a stable functional occlusion. Although the rapid palatal expansion of the jaw can be used in young patients, the facial suture lines become significantly more interdigitated and become either partially or totally fused as individual’s age. The surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion in patients with advanced skeletal maturity is the procedure of preference to correct the transverse deficiencies. In the following article, we present a clinic case of maxillary transverse deficiency, treated with surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion, with unilateral approach..

Published
2007

20. Gastric surgery for morbid obesity: the Adelaide study

Author

Hall, John C., Watts, James McK., O'Brien, Paul E., Dunstan, Richard E., Walsh, John F., Slavotinek, Anthony H., and Elmslie, Ronald G.

Subjects
Surgery -- Methods, Surgery -- Evaluation, Obesity, Stomach, Health
Abstract

In general, the quality of life is poor for people who are massively obese. There has been little long-term success in achieving permanent weight loss for many of these people. One surgical procedure, jejunoileal bypass, resulted in good weight loss, but caused many metabolic complications. In order to avoid these problems, various other operations have been considered. Generally these procedures result in weight loss similar to jejunoileal bypass but without the complications. A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of three different forms of stomach bypass or stapling surgery (Roux-en-Y, gastrogastrostomy and vertical gastroplasty) to achieve weight loss in 310 morbidly obese patients. The results, three years after surgery, are reported. The average patient age was 34 and the average preoperative weight was 198 percent of their ideal weight. The ratio of women to men was 13:1. There were no deaths in the perioperative period; three died during the study, one died from cancer of the colon, and another from complications of gallbladder surgery. Three-year follow-up was able to be completed in 91 percent of patients. Success of the procedure was defined as sustained weight loss of more than 50 percent of the excess weight. The success rate for gastrogastrostomy was 17 percent; for vertical gastroplasty, 48 percent; for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 67 percent. Besides the benefit of weight loss, patients who had hypertension, diabetes or asthma had a better than 50 percent chance of being off medication three years after surgery. Additionally, a high incidence of fertility was also found; 10 percent of the women in the study under the age of 40 became pregnant within three years of surgery. It is concluded that Roux-en-Y is the preferred surgery for treatment of morbid obesity. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

21. Perceived discrimination and stigmatisation against severely obese women : age and weight loss make a difference

Author

Hayden, Melissa J., Dixon, Maureen E., Dixon, John B., Playfair, Julie, O’Brien, Paul E., Hayden, Melissa J., Dixon, Maureen E., Dixon, John B., Playfair, Julie, and O’Brien, Paul E.

Abstract

Aims: Patients’ perceptions about weight-related stigma and discrimination were assessed in 2 groups of patients, obese and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Methods: Seven focus group sessions were held including a total of 32 women, 8 obese (body mass index 35+) and 24 who had lost 50&percnt; of excess weight following bariatric surgery. During the sessions, participants were asked to consider their experiences in situations including general, family, friends, work place, medical, and educational settings. Results: Whilst perceptions of discrimination and stigmatisation were common and affected many life situations, they were less prevalent than previous reports. It appeared that it was not the frequency or number of events which affected an individual but the intensity of the experience. Younger women reported greater discrimination than older women and felt the social consequences of obesity to a greater extent. Older women were more concerned about the consequences of being overweight on their health. Conclusions: Women who had lost weight considered that aspects of their own behaviours when obese contributed to their experiences of discrimination and stigmatisation. Perceptions of discrimination and stigmatisation appear to be influenced by age and current weight status.

Published
2010

22. Motivation, readiness to change, and weight loss following adjustable gastric band surgery

Author

Dixon, John B., Laurie, Cheryl P., Anderson, Margaret L., Hayden, Melissa J., Dixon, Maureen E., O’Brien, Paul E., Dixon, John B., Laurie, Cheryl P., Anderson, Margaret L., Hayden, Melissa J., Dixon, Maureen E., and O’Brien, Paul E.

Abstract

High levels of readiness to change (RTC) are considered critical to the long-term success of weight management programs including bariatric surgery. However, there are no data to support this assertion. We hypothesize that RTC level will not influence weight outcomes following surgery. In 227 consecutive patients undergoing adjustable gastric banding surgery, we recorded reasons for seeking surgery, and RTC measured with the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment. Scores were blinded until study completion. The primary outcome measure was percentage of excess BMI loss at 2 years (%EBMIL-2); others included compliance and surgical complications. Of 227 subjects, 204 (90%) had weight measurement at 2 years. There was no significant correlation between RTC score and %EBMIL-2 (r = 0.047, P = 0.5). Using the median split for RTC score the lowest 102 subjects mean %EBMIL-2 was 52.9 ± 26.9% and the highest 52.2 ± 28.3%, P = 0.869. There was no weight loss difference between highest and lowest quartiles, or a nonlinear relationship between weight loss and RTC score. There was no significant relationship between RCT score and compliance, or likelihood of complications. Those motivated by appearance were more likely to be younger women who lost more weight at 2 years. Poor attendance at follow-up visits was associated with less weight loss, especially in men. Measures of RTC did not predict weight loss, compliance, or surgical complications. Caution is advised when using assessments of RTC to predict outcomes of bariatric surgery.

Published
2009

23. Raised CRP levels in obese patients : symptoms of depression have an independent positive association

Author

Dixon, John B., Hayden, Melissa J., Lambert, Gavin W., Dawood, Tye, Anderson, Margaret L., Dixon, Maureen E., O’Brien, Paul E., Dixon, John B., Hayden, Melissa J., Lambert, Gavin W., Dawood, Tye, Anderson, Margaret L., Dixon, Maureen E., and O’Brien, Paul E.

Abstract

Background: Depression and obesity, the two common ailments of modern society, are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease and raised C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Are the effects of depression and obesity related or do they influence CRP levels independently? Objective: In 493 consecutive patients presenting for obesity surgery, we explored the relationship between symptoms of depression and raised CRP levels after controlling for confounding factors. Methods and Procedures: Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Confounding variables were age, gender, BMI, waist and hip measures, smoking and alcohol habits, medications, biochemical measures of the metabolic syndrome, and indirect measures of insulin resistance. General linear regression sought variables independently associated with CRP levels. Results: These patients had a BMI range from 31 to 91 kg/m2, participants age ranged from 14 to 71 years, and 76% were women. The median CRP concentration was 7.7 mg/l (interquartile range: 3.9–14), 40% had an abnormally raised concentration (>10 mg/l). The mean BDI score was 17.0 ± 9.0, indicating symptoms of moderate depression. We found five independent factors associated with raised CRP levels. In order of strength of association, these were: higher BMI (β = 0.36, P < 0.001), female gender (β = −0.19, P < 0.001), estrogen therapy (β = 0.18, P < 0.001), higher BDI score (β = 0.11, P = 0.01), and insulin resistance index (β = 0.11, P = 0.01), and with a combined R 2 = 0.24, (P < 0.001). Discussion: In obese patients, symptoms of depression were associated with raised CRP levels after controlling for confounding variables. Obese women on estrogen therapy are at risk of high CRP levels.

Published
2008

26. Results of a Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine Plus Doxorubicin in Patients with Recurrent Head and Neck Cancers: Serum C18-Ceramide as a Novel Biomarker for Monitoring Response

Author

Saddoughi, Sahar A., primary, Garrett-Mayer, Elizabeth, additional, Chaudhary, Uzair, additional, O'Brien, Paul E., additional, Afrin, Larry B., additional, Day, Terry A., additional, Gillespie, M. Boyd, additional, Sharma, Anand K., additional, Wilhoit, Christina S., additional, Bostick, Robin, additional, Senkal, Can E., additional, Hannun, Yusuf A., additional, Bielawski, Jacek, additional, Simon, George R., additional, Shirai, Keisuke, additional, and Ogretmen, Besim, additional

Published
2011
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41. Reply

Author

Dixon, John B., primary, O'Brien, Paul E., additional, and Bhathal, Prithi S., additional

Published
2002
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49. Pro-Inflammatory CD11c+ CD206+ Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Associated With Insulin Resistance in Human Obesity.

Author

Wentworth, John M., Naselli, Gaetano, Brown, Wendy A., Doyle, Lisa, Phipson, Belinda, Smyth, Gordon K., Wabitsch, Martin, O'Brien, Paul E., and Harrison, Leonard C.

Subjects
ADIPOSE tissues, MACROPHAGES, OBESITY, INSULIN resistance, METABOLIC syndrome, CHEMOKINES, LIGANDS (Biochemistry)
Abstract

OBJECTIVE--Insulin resistance and other features of the metabolic syndrome have been causally linked to adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in mice with diet-induced obesity. We aimed to characterize macrophage phenotype and function in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in relation to insulin resistance in obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Adipose tissue was obtained from lean and obese women undergoing bariatric surgery. Metabolic markers were measured in fasting serum and ATMs characterized by immunohistology, flow cytometry, and tissue culture studies. RESULTS--ATMs comprised CD11c[sup +]CD206[sup +] cells in "crown" aggregates and solitary CD11c[sup -]CD206[sup +] cells at adipocyte junctions. In obese women, CD11c[sup +] ATM density was greater in subcutaneous than omental adipose tissue and correlated with markers of insulin resistance. CD11c[sup +] ATMs were distinguished by high expression of integrins and antigen presentation molecules; interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, -8, and -10; tumor necrosis factor-α and CC chemokine ligand-3, indicative of an activated, proinflammatory state. In addition, CD11c[sup +] ATMs were enriched for mitochondria and for RNA transcripts encoding mitochondrial, proteasomal, and lysosomal proteins, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, and T-cell chemoattractants, whereas CD11c[sup -] ATMs were enriched for transcripts involved in tissue maintenance and repair. Tissue culture medium conditioned by CD11c[sup +] ATMs, but not CD11c[sup -] ATMs or other stromovascular cells, impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by human adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS--These findings identify proinflammatory CD11c[sup +] ATMs as markers of insulin resistance in human obesity. In addition, the machinery of CD11c[sup +] ATMs indicates they metabolize lipid and may initiate adaptive immune responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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