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The development of this virtual museum was a collaborative project of lecturers and students as an effort to create learning media about Indonesia’s cultural identity and history. This was practiced-based research that culminated in the creation of a high-fidelity prototype. Design thinking was used to realize ideas by considering existing problems. The empathize and define stages were conducted on 33 high school students to find out students’ insights about museums and their experiences in real or virtual museums. Visualization of objects with 3D photogrammetric techniques was used to achieve a realistic impression and a more immersive feeling. The museum also features audiovisuals, infographics, motion graphics, and animated objects. This prototype was tested directly on 12 students who were divided into three user groups, namely mobile phones, laptops, and VR. Mobile users experienced problems in accessing this museum, while laptop users managed to access the museum and had a very positive reaction. VR users felt a much more emotional experience. The test of a prototype in a school has shown that such a virtual museum will be attractive and engaging for students and schools, especially in remote areas, and should be further developed.

The role of parents in children’s lives has always been significant, but in today’s changing world, parents face new challenges brought about by shifts in society and technology. This study aims to analyze parents’ specific needs for parenting information delivered through technology. The research utilized survey methods and gathered data from 62 parents with children aged 0-6 years in three districts of Riau Province: Pekanbaru, Kampar, and Indragiri Hilir. The analysis of the collected data reveals that most parents prefer digital resources for obtaining parenting information, with Android being the most commonly used platform. The most sought-after information by parents includes positive parenting strategies, interaction skills, and effective communication techniques. Furthermore, parents show a preference for visual and video content when receiving parenting information. It is noteworthy that 51.5% of parents have already utilized parenting applications, but a significant majority (82.3%) remain unaware of any parenting applications based on Riau Malay culture. Parents express the desire for Malay cultural values, which are closely associated with Islam, to be integrated into parenting practices, as it is believed that this approach can effectively instil Islamic values in children.

Currently, technology plays a crucial role in various aspects, including education. Therefore, this study aims to provide an overview of the use of web-based technology in literacy learning among teachers in elementary schools. The research methodology employed a quantitative approach through a survey involving 55 teachers. The findings reveal that 74.55% of teachers have received training in learning technology, leading to 92.73% of them implementing technology-enhanced learning in schools. Particularly during the pandemic, teachers have been compelled to rely on learning technology and develop interactive learning media. However, it is important to note that many teachers still lack proficiency in utilizing technology, as only 47.27% of them are able to create web media or blogs as learning tools. The survey results also indicate that 74.55% of teachers face difficulties in creating online learning materials, while 65.45% struggle with teaching online. Surprisingly, only 1.3% of teachers reported using technology or the web in literacy learning, while a significant majority (83.6%) have never utilized it. Additionally, 3.6% of teachers expressed unfamiliarity with web-based technology. These findings suggest that the integration of web-based technology in literacy learning is still limited, possibly due to age-related constraints and a lack of expertise in the IT field among teachers.

The typology of the organization is a form of Niniok Mamak’s role in carrying out existing policies for the Kampar indigenous people. The important role of Niniok Mamak is a leader who regulates and nurtures their nephew’s children following customary and religious rules. This research is qualitative research to collect written descriptive data and oral data from the observed object. Primary data sources are obtained by digging from the source directly to the respondent. In addition, data were obtained through interviews and direct observations in the field. The primary data sources in this study were the Ninik Mamak in the Kampar district community. The secondary data sources are indirect data sources that can provide data for research and were obtained from literature studies, documentation, print media, and electronic media. The results of the research on the role and function of the Niniok Mamak in Kanagarian Kuok in determining the customs have their respective functions which in this study, the total number of Niniok Mamak has 20 (twenty) Niniok Mamak tribal chiefs consisting of 4 (four) tribes: (1) Munip Melayu Nan 9 led by Datuk Penghulu Besar; (2) Munip Piliang Nan 7, led by Datuk Paduko Simarajo, in Piliang Nan 7 there are four Caniago; (3) Munip Domo Nan 3, led by Datuk Paduko Tuan; and (4) Petopang Nan Tunggal was led by Datuk Pakomo. In carrying out the role and function of the Niniok Mamak in the Kerapatan Adat Negeri (LAM/LAK), it is obligatory to take an oath of office as the children’s leader and the community in Kanagarian Kuok. Guidelines in carrying out the roles and functions of traditional leaders in Kanagarian Kuok adhere to: “adat yang bersendikan syarak, syarak bersendikan Kitabullah” (adat based on syarak, syarak based on the Book of Allah). Syarak said the custom of wearing would be accounted for in the hereafter.

The study discusses teachers’ knowledge and experience using learning media for elementary schools’ forest and land fire disaster mitigation. The results of this study are used as a preliminary investigation to design an Air Pollution Index Simulator (SI-ISPU). The research method used is a survey method. Respondents in this study amounted to 23 teachers in elementary schools. Data collection techniques using closed questionnaire techniques and data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The results showed that 39.13% of teachers still did not know the learning media that could be used to teach forest and land fire disaster mitigation. Then, 69.57% there are still many teachers who have not taught using learning media for forest and land fire disaster mitigation. The experience of teachers who have developed learning media for forest and land fire disaster mitigation is only 13.04%. Then 78.26% of teachers experienced problems developing learning media for forest and land fire disaster mitigation. Furthermore, 65.22% of teachers have difficulty teaching forest and land fire disaster mitigation. The research concludes that most teachers still experience difficulties and obstacles in developing learning media and teaching about forest and land fire mitigation in elementary schools.

Latar belakang: resin komposit microfine adalah salah satu jenis resin komposit yang memiliki daya serap yang tinggi terhadap cairan, tetapi mempunyai bau yang tidak enak. Oleh karena itu, ekstrak mint (cairan) perlu dimasukkan pada resin komposit tersebut. Sifat mekanis resin komposit dapat diketahui salah satunya melalui uji kekerasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak mint yang dimasukkan dalam resin komposit microfine terhadap kekerasan resin komposit microfine. Metode Penelitian: penelitian ini menggunakan 20 sampel yang terdiri atas: 5 sampel kelompok I, resin komposit tanpa ekstrak mint; 5 sampel kelompok I, resin komposit dideponir ekstrak mint konsentrasi 0,05 ml; 5 sampel kelompok III resin komposit dideponir ekstrak mint konsentrasi 0,1 ml, dan 5 sampel kelompok IV, resin komposit dideponir ekstrak mint konsentrasi 0,15 ml. Selanjutnya, setiap sampel dilakukan uji kekerasan dengan micro vickers hardness tester. Data penelitian yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Anava satu jalur dan LSD0,05 ( Least Significance Difference ). Hasil: Data uji kekerasan yang diperoleh adalah: kelompok I, 130,83 + 0,46; kelompok II, 122,03 + 0,55; kelompok III, 127,17 + 0,62; kelompok IV, 130,13 + 0,46. Analisis data anova satu jalur menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok pertama dengan kelompok kedua dan ketiga. Analisis data LSD menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok I dan IV. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak mint 0,05 ml dan 0,1 ml yang dimasukkan dalam resin komposit microfine terhadap kekerasan resin komposit microfin

This study aims to analyze the application of the RBL-STEM learning model in improving students' financial literacy to control their consumptive behavior. The method used in this study combines qualitative and quantitative methods by involving 110 students of Riau University. The data of this study were analyzed using SEM PLS on nine Hypotheses that link the application of the RBL-STEM model, student literacy, and student consumptive behavior. The results showed that one hypothesis was rejected, namely the relationship between Risk management and consumptive behavior. The results of the outer model show that each indicator has a composite reliability (CR) value of >0.7 and an average variance extracted (AVE) value of >0.5. It concludes that the outer model used in this study is good. Based on the analysis results, in general, the application of the RBL-STEM learning model has a significant influence on increasing student financial literacy, which has an impact on controlling student consumptive behavior., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Disaster education remains crucial in building resilient communities, especially in natural disaster-prone areas. An essential element of the educational strategy in this paper involves local wisdom integration into teaching and learning processes. As such, the 'Tunjuk Ajar Melayu Riau' (TAMR) offers valuable insights with its profound knowledge of nature and environmental conservation. The research in this paper explores local wisdom integration values in TAMR into disaster education to enhance knowledge and didactic transpositions. The main research objectives in this paper include understanding the perspectives and values of local wisdom in TAMR concerning nature conservation as an investment in disaster preparedness values and knowledge (RQ1) and examining how a prototype model of nature conservation values in TAMR could guide local knowledge about disaster integration into disaster education (RQ2). The descriptive qualitative research studied in this paper contains four stages: data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The study reveals three forms of knowledge transposition in TAMR: expressions, advice, and taboos. These aspects underline the TAMR values as guidance and local knowledge about the disaster - the keeping, utilizing, and preserving nature. The further findings split this preservation concept into land and water areas, which is crucial for spatial planning to reduce disaster risk. TAMR forms the foundation for knowledge and didactic transposition in disaster education to emphasize preventing floods, landslides, droughts, and forest and land fires. The meanings and values of TAMR necessitate further academic exploration to create a more comprehensive understanding and preservation. Integrating TAMR values as knowledge and didactic transposition based on local wisdom into disaster education emerged as a viable strategy for building a community resilient to disasters., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dominikus David Biondi Situmorang has the position to declare himself as one of Associate Editors in this journal. However, this article has been handled by another unidentified Associate Editor and reviewed by the Reviewers in an objective and double-blind manner, according to applicable regulations from Elsevier, Heliyon, and Cell Press., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Disaster risk reduction is a significant focus on sustainable development. One way to reduce disaster risk is through disaster education. Through disaster education, disaster knowledge and disaster mitigation knowledge will be obtained. This research is a preliminary study of didactic transposition in disaster education. The method used in this study is the SLR approach and bibliometric analysis. The research findings indicate four forms of connectedness, classified based on the main keyword, disaster knowledge. The four linkages are described as (a) co-occurrence network analysis; (b) word cloud analysis; (c) word tree maps analysis; and (d) network visualization analysis. Subsequently, the findings of the four connectedness are grouped into four clusters. The first cluster is disaster risk reduction, the second cluster is knowledge, the third cluster is disaster mitigation, and the fourth cluster is disaster knowledge. The four connectedness and four clusters will be used as recommendations for future research on the design and development of didactic transpositions in disaster education for prospective elementary school teachers., Competing Interests: Dominikus David Biondi Situmorang has a position to declare that he is one of the members of the journal's Editorial Teams or Associate Editor. However, this article is handled by another unknown Associate Editor and reviewed by the Reviewers objectively and double-blind, based on applicable regulations from Elsevier, Heliyon, and Cell Press., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Nowadays, foodborne pathogens and other food contaminants are among the major contributors to human illnesses and even deaths worldwide. There is a growing need for improvements in food safety globally. However, it is a challenge to detect and identify these harmful analytes in a rapid, sensitive, portable, and user-friendly manner. Recently, researchers have paid attention to the development of paper-based electrochemical biosensors due to their features and promising potential for food safety analysis. The use of paper in electrochemical biosensors offers several advantages such as device miniaturization, low sample consumption, inexpensive mass production, capillary force-driven fluid flow, and capability to store reagents within the pores of the paper substrate. Various paper-based electrochemical biosensors have been developed to enable the detection of foodborne pathogens and other contaminants that pose health hazards to humans. In this review, we discussed several aspects of the biosensors including different device designs (e.g., 2D and 3D devices), fabrication techniques, and electrode modification approaches that are often optimized to generate measurable signals for sensitive detection of analytes. The utilization of different nanomaterials for the modification of electrode surface to improve the detection of analytes via enzyme-, antigen/antibody-, DNA-, aptamer-, and cell-based bioassays is also described. Next, we discussed the current applications of the sensors to detect food contaminants such as foodborne pathogens, pesticides, veterinary drug residues, allergens, and heavy metals. Most of the electrochemical paper analytical devices (e-PADs) reviewed are small and portable, and therefore are suitable for field applications. Lastly, e-PADs are an excellent platform for food safety analysis owing to their user-friendliness, low cost, sensitivity, and a high potential for customization to meet certain analytical needs.

Herbal drugs or herbal medicines (HMs) have a long-standing history as natural remedies for preventing and curing diseases. HMs have garnered greater interest during the past decades due to their broad, synergistic actions on the physiological systems and relatively lower incidence of adverse events, compared to synthetic drugs. However, assuring reproducible quality, efficacy, and safety from herbal drugs remains a challenging task. HMs typically consist of many constituents whose presence and quantity may vary among different sources of materials. Fingerprint analysis has emerged as a very useful technique to assess the quality of herbal drug materials and formulations for establishing standardized herbal products. Rather than using a single or two marker(s), fingerprinting techniques take great consideration of the complexity of herbal drugs by evaluating the whole chemical profile and extracting a common pattern to be set as a criterion for assessing the individual material or formulation. In this review, we described and assessed various fingerprinting techniques reported to date, which are applicable to the standardization and quality control of HMs. We also evaluated the application of multivariate data analysis or chemometrics in assisting the analysis of the complex datasets from the determination of HMs. To ensure that these methods yield reliable results, we reviewed the validation status of the methods and provided perspectives on those. Finally, we concluded by highlighting major accomplishments and presenting a gap analysis between the existing techniques and what is needed to continue moving forward., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Noviana, Indrayanto and Rohman.)

Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication. Due to the psychoactive properties of opioid drugs, the easily obtained codeine often becomes subject to misuse. Codeine misuse has emerged as a concerning public health issue due to its associated adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhage. Thus, it is very important to develop reliable analytical techniques to detect codeine for both quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and identifying drug misuse in the community. This review aims to provide critical outlooks on analytical methods applicable to the determination of codeine.

Pathogen detection is crucial for human, animal, and environmental health; crop protection; and biosafety. Current culture-based methods have long turnaround times and lack sensitivity. Nucleic acid amplification tests offer high specificity and sensitivity. However, their cost and complexity remain a significant hurdle to their applications in resource-limited settings. Thus, point-of-need molecular diagnostic platforms that can be used by minimally trained personnel are needed. The nuclease protection assay (NPA) is a nucleic acid hybridization-based technique that does not rely on amplification, can be paired with other methods to improve specificity, and has the potential to be developed into a point-of-need device. In traditional NPAs, hybridization of an anti-sense probe to the target sequence is followed by single-strand nuclease digestion. The double-stranded target-probe hybrids are protected from nuclease digestion, precipitated, and visualized using autoradiography or other methods. We have developed a paper-based nuclease protection assay (PB-NPA) that can be implemented in field settings as the detection approach requires limited equipment and technical expertise. The PB-NPA uses a lateral flow format to capture the labeled target-probe hybrids onto a nitrocellulose membrane modified with an anti-label antibody. A colorimetric enzyme-substrate pair is used for signal visualization, producing a test line. The nuclease digestion of non-target and mismatched DNA provides high specificity while signal amplification with the reporter enzyme-substrate provides high sensitivity. We have also developed an on-chip sample pretreatment step utilizing chitosan-modified paper to eliminate possible interferents from the reaction and preconcentrate nucleic acids, thereby significantly reducing the need for auxiliary equipment. Graphical abstract.