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One of the ports most affected by the phenomenon of silting in Algeria is the port of Cap Djinet. In order to consider the monitoring of this port over a period of 8 years between 2015 and 2023, the twin Sentinel-2 A/B satellites were used. After image pre-processing, the bathymetry was estimated using the algorithm developed by Stumpf and extraction of the coastline was conducted using the normalized difference water index (NWDI). As part of this work, four bathymetric surveys were conducted in situ in four different periods, the results of which then correlated with those of the Stumpf model applied to satellite images. The results of the regression analysis are consistent and show good correlation coefficients (R2) between 0.67 and 0.80 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values between 0.87 m and 1.32 m, except for images captured under turbid water conditions. The maximum accretion surface is 2.12 ha to the north of the port, estimated for the period from 2018 to 2019, and 1.78 ha to the south for 2015 to 2016. The maximum erosion surface is 2.37 ha to the north of the port for the period from 2017 to 2018 and 1.16 ha to the south from 2017 to 2018. Therefore, the amplitude of accretion and erosion is greater to the north of the port than to the south. The present study demonstrates the ability of Sentinel-2 satellites to monitor silting and coastline changes in the vicinity of this port, which could help to address the effects of climate change and human activities in order to protect the marine ecosystem.

One of the ports most affected by the phenomenon of silting in Algeria is the port of Cap Djinet. In order to consider the monitoring of this port over a period of 8 years between 2015 and 2023, the twin Sentinel-2 A/B satellites were used. After image pre-processing, the bathymetry was estimated using the algorithm developed by Stumpf and extraction of the coastline was conducted using the normalized difference water index (NWDI). As part of this work, four bathymetric surveys were conducted in situ in four different periods, the results of which then correlated with those of the Stumpf model applied to satellite images. The results of the regression analysis are consistent and show good correlation coefficients (R2) between 0.67 and 0.80 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) values between 0.87 m and 1.32 m, except for images captured under turbid water conditions. The maximum accretion surface is 2.12 ha to the north of the port, estimated for the period from 2018 to 2019, and 1.78 ha to the south for 2015 to 2016. The maximum erosion surface is 2.37 ha to the north of the port for the period from 2017 to 2018 and 1.16 ha to the south from 2017 to 2018. Therefore, the amplitude of accretion and erosion is greater to the north of the port than to the south. The present study demonstrates the ability of Sentinel-2 satellites to monitor silting and coastline changes in the vicinity of this port, which could help to address the effects of climate change and human activities in order to protect the marine ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Substance use and misuse are serious issues that contribute to significant medical, psychological, and legal consequences later in life. Additionally, the relation between substance use disorder and sleep is reciprocal. Furthermore, sleep dysfunction in the context of substance use disorder may contribute to increased severity of substance use disorder and increased risk of relapse Aim and objectives to investigate patients with opioid use disorder comorbid with insomnia and assess their clinical and biological aspects of insomnia, cognitive function, and serum level of BDNF in comparison to those without substance use disorder. Subjects and methods This is a cross sectional comparative study. Cases were recruited from inpatient section and outpatient clinic in Psychiatry Department in Mansoura University Hospital. The research was done for one year from January 2021 to January 2022. Result shows that patients in heroin group show statistically significant (p=0.039) lower total sleep time (240.04±54.8) than control (275.2±48.9). They show also, statistically significant (p=0.027) longer sleep onset in comparison to the control group. Additionally, patients in heroin group show statistically significant (p=0.01) lower sleep efficiency (63.14±15.1 vs. 75.1±13.28) and higher number of awakenings in comparison to control group. Furthermore, they also show higher N1% (p=0.027) and lower N3% (p=0.036) of total sleep time in comparison to control group, duration of last abstinence period from heroin use disorder has a statistically significant (p=.007) strong negative correlation (r=-.586) with total sleep time. Additionally, duration of the time lasted since last abstinence from heroin has a statistically significant (p=.036) strong negative correlation (r=-.471) with N3% of total sleep time. Conclusion Heroin use disorder is associated with lower total sleep time, sleep efficiency, higher number of awakenings, higher N1% and lower N3% of total sleep time and longer sleep onset in comparison to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical problem encountered in critically ill patients, frequently in the setting of multiple organ failure, and is an independent risk factor for increase hospital stay and mortality risk. Renal resistive index (RRI) can be measured by renal Doppler ultrasound, RRI reflects changes in blood flow profile of the intrarenal arcuate or interlobar arteries. RRI=(peak systolic velocity-end diastolic velocity)/(peak systolic velocity) in order to detect the relation between renal resistive index and renal function in AKI septic patients received hemodialysis either transient (< 3 sessions) or permanent (> 3 sessions). 40 AKI septic patients received hemodialysis were subjected to renal duplex measurements on admission and after 48h and patients were followed till hospital discharge to detect the relation between RRI and renal functions. 27 patients (67.5%) with RRI (0.5 ± 0.1) had transient hemodialysis and 13 patient (32.5%) with RRI (0.9 ± 0.1) had permanent hemodialysis. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between RRI after 48 hours and serum creatinine level (p. < 0.05). Conclusion: We detected a statistically significant positive relationship between renal resistive index and renal functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moreover, the authors used an arbitrary value of CRP or procalcitonin as biomarkers for probable infection which are neither sensitive nor specific to guide early onset sepsis decision. In conclusion, the RAIN study provides a safe alternative of oral antibiotics therapy at home for infants with a probable bacterial infection which shortens the hospital stay and enhances family-infant bonding. [Extracted from the article]

Caffeine is the most commonly used medication for treatment of apnea of prematurity. Its effect has been well established in reducing the frequency of apnea, intermittent hypoxemia, and extubation failure in mechanically ventilated preterm infants. Evidence for additional short-term benefits on reducing the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and patent ductus arteriosus has also been suggested. Controversies exist among various neonatal intensive care units in terms of drug efficacy compared to other methylxanthines, dosage regimen, time of initiation, duration of therapy, drug safety and value of therapeutic drug monitoring. In the current review, we will summarize the available evidence for the best practice in using caffeine therapy in preterm infants.