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Early detection of insect infestation is a key to the adoption of control measures appropriated to each local condition. The use of remote sensing was recommended for a quick scanning of large areas, although it does not work well with signals bearing low intensity or items that are difficult to detect. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV, or drone) may help in getting closer to individual trees and detect atypical signals of small dimensions. The larvae of the pine processionary moth (PPM, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775, Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) build conspicuous silk nests on the external parts of the host plants at the beginning of the winter and their early detection may prompt managers to adopt management techniques. This work aims at testing two deep learning methods (Region-based Convolutional Neural Network - R-CNN and You Only Look Once - YOLO) to detect the nests under three different conditions of host plant species and forest stands in southern Europe. YOLO algorithm provided better results and it allowed us to achieve F1-scores as high as 0.826 and 0.696 for the detection of presence / absence and the individual nests, respectively. The detection of all the nests that can be present on a tree is not achievable with either UAV scanning or traditional ground observation, therefore the integration of the methods may allow the complete efficiency of the surveillance. The use of UAV combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI) image analysis is recommended for further use in forest and urban settings for the detection of the PPM nests. The recommended methods can be extended to other pest systems, especially when specific symptoms can be associated with an insect pest species.

Nystaleinae The Nystaleinae, a subfamily nearly restricted to the Neotropical Region, is represented by 350 species (Weller 1992, Miller & Thiaucourt 2011) (Figure 4 G-J). Adults can be recognized due to a set of long scales on the prothorax, from the base of the antennae to the lateral part of the prothorax, near the spiracle (Miller et al. 2018). Although Weller (1992) reviewed the subfamily, all genera need a thorough taxonomic revision (Miller & Thiaucourt 2011); though Becker has studied some Brazilian taxa like Nycterotis Felder, 1874 (Becker 2020), Bardaxima Walker, 1858 (Becker 2021b), and Xylodonta Becker, 2014 (Becker 2021d). In the visited collections, 83 specimens belonging to the Nystaleinae subfamily were found, the majority belonging to Nystalea Guenée, 1852 which was expected, since this is the most diverse genus of the subfamily. This group is diverse in lowland forests, displaying remarkable genitalia characters such as the saccular scent organ and the callosum. The first is a membranous and pleated sacculus and the latter is a specialized aluta enclosing the basiphallus, unique to Nystaleinae (Weller 1990, 1992). The larval cuticle is often glossy (Figure 5 I-J) and known host plants for the subfamily show oligophagous species feeding on specific plant families, with few exceptions to this rule (Table 3). Host plant families include Malpighiaceae (rich in secondary metabolites: alkaloids and flavonoids) (Abbas et al. 2022), Fabaceae (used by humans as crops, green manures, and forage) (Ahmad et al. 2016), Clusiaceae (widely used in ethnomedicine) (de Melo et al. 2014), Anacardiaceae (trees, shrubs, and lianas frequently with contact dermatitis-causing exudate) (Pell et al. 2010), among others., Published as part of Prada-Lara, Liliana, Jiménez-Bolívar, Andrea C. & St Laurent, Ryan A., 2023, Prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) of Colombia, pp. 401-444 in Zootaxa 5284 (3) on page 429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7929469, {"references":["Weller, S. J. (1992) Survey of adult morphology in Nystaleinae and related neotropical subfamilies (Noctuoidea: Notodontidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 31, 233 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 266593","Miller, J. S. & Thiaucourt, P. (2011) Diversity of prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) in the cloud forests of northeastern Ecuador, with descriptions of 27 new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104, 1033 - 1077. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 10141","Miller, J. S., Wagner, D., Opler, P. & Lafontaine, D. (2018) The Moths of North America, Fascicle 22.1 A. Drepanoidea, Doidae; Noctuoidea, Notodontidae: Pygaerinae, Notodontinae, Cereurinae, Phalerinae, Periergosinae, Dudusinae, Hemiceratinae. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, s. n, 348 pp.","Becker, V. (2020 b) The Brazilian species of the genus Arhacia Herrich-Schaffer, 1855 with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae, Dicranurinae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia, 48 (192), 751 - 756. https: // doi. org / 10.57065 / shilap. 356","Becker, V. (2021 b) A review of the Neotropical moth genus Bardaxima (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae: Nystaleinae), with special reference to the species occurring in Brazil. Zoologia, 38, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zoologia. 38. e 63526","Becker, V. (2014) Checklist of New World Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Lepidoptera Novae, 7, 1 - 40.","Becker, V. (2021 d) Notes and synonymy on the Neotropical moth genus Xylodonta Becker (Notodontidae, Nystaleinae), with special reference to the species occurring in Brazil. Revista Brasilera de entomologia, 65 (2), 1 - 10.","Weller, S. J. (1990) Revision of the Nystalea aequipars Walker species complex with notes on nystaleine genitalia (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 98, 35 - 49.","Abbas, H., Tadros, S., El-Toumy, S., Salama, A. & El Gedaily, R. (2022) A Review on Traditional uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Family Malpighiaceae. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65 (11), 235 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.21608 / ejchem. 2022.119510.5372","Ahmad, F., Anwar, F. & Hira, S. (2016) Review on medicinal importance of Fabaceae family. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 151 - 156.","de Melo, M., Quintans, J., Araujo, A., Duarte, M., Bonjardim, L., Nogueira, P., Moraes, V., Araujo-Junior, J., Ribeiro, E. & Quintans-Junior, L. (2014) A Systematic Review for Anti-Inflammatory Property of Clusiaceae Family: A Preclinical Approach. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2014 / 960258"]}

Hemiceratinae The diverse and taxonomically complex Hemiceratinae has over 200 described species in the Neotropical Region (Miller et al. 2018) (Figure 4A–B). Adults have a proboscis longer than the thorax and an androconial patch on the male hindwing vein CuA2, making them easily recognizable in biological collections (Miller et al. 2018). A phylogenetic study of the subfamily and its genera is urgently needed. Hemiceras are abundant in the Neotropics and at some localities, they are the most common moths in light traps (Miller et al. 2018), as we were able to confirm in our fieldwork in Caquetá. Likewise, these are common in museums, in the visited biological collections a total of 253 Hemiceras specimens were found. A remarkable genitalia characteristic that can be found in the group is the presence of the “Bath organ”, which consists of an extremely large pleated sacculus (Miller 1991). Recently, Schintlmeister (2022) revised the genus, reviewing 210 species distributed from the USA to Argentina and Paraguay. Hemiceratinae larvae are noctuiform (Figure 5E) and specialize on Inga spp. trees (Miller et al. 2018) (Table 3). In Colombia, Cárdenas & Posada (2001) recorded high population outbreaks of “ Hemiceras cadmia ” Gueneé, 1852 on Inga trees near coffee plantations, causing defoliation.

Dudusinae Dudusinae is a small subfamily with ca. 80 species worldwide.Adults can be recognized by their typically large size, and unique genitalia, with the transtilla curved downwards connecting ventrally to the juxta (Miller et al. 2018). Becker (2014) included five genera in the subfamily, however, the only Dudusinae representative in Colombia is Crinodes (Figure 3J) (Eudmoa Ḩbner, [1819] belongs to the Nystaleinae, not Dudusinae as in Becker (2014) (St Laurent et al. unpublished data)). Crinodes can be recognized by simple antennae in females, whereas males have fasciculate antennae and a long caudal tuft of pedicellate scales in the abdomen (Miller et al. 2018). Nine species of Crinodes have been reported in Colombia. The departmental distribution of the genus in the country is wide since the group can be found from the North (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta) to the South (Leticia, Amazonas). Likewise, the altitude distribution is vast, there are records from 0 (mangroves) to 3360 (Páramos) m a.s.l (Prada 2020). Crinodes larvae have a long spinneret (Figure 5D) and are Rhamnaceae specialists, known host plants records include 10 species of Gouania Jacq (Table 3). Prada (2020) stated the hypothesis of Rhamnus L. as a possible host plant for these moths in the country, however, this has not yet been corroborated. Miller (1991) predicted that Crinodes and other New World Dudusines drink mammalian tears, probably to obtain essential salts. This prediction is corroborated in Colombia. Through social media, Indiana Cristóbal Ríos Málaver posted videos and photographs of Crinodes jedha Schintlmeister, 2019 drinking eye tears and nose mucus., Published as part of Prada-Lara, Liliana, Jiménez-Bolívar, Andrea C. & St Laurent, Ryan A., 2023, Prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) of Colombia, pp. 401-444 in Zootaxa 5284 (3) on page 428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7929469, {"references":["Miller, J. S., Wagner, D., Opler, P. & Lafontaine, D. (2018) The Moths of North America, Fascicle 22.1 A. Drepanoidea, Doidae; Noctuoidea, Notodontidae: Pygaerinae, Notodontinae, Cereurinae, Phalerinae, Periergosinae, Dudusinae, Hemiceratinae. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, s. n, 348 pp.","Becker, V. (2014) Checklist of New World Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Lepidoptera Novae, 7, 1 - 40.","Prada, L. (2020) El genero Crinodes Herrich-Schaffer, 1855 (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) en Colombia. Thesis, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota. [unknown pagination]","Miller, J. S. (1991) Cladistics and classification of the Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) based on larval and adult morphology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 204, 1 - 230.","Schintlmeister, A. (2019) Neotropical Notodontidae I (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Proceedings of the Museum, Witt Munich, 8, 1 - 369."]}

Two new species, Drymonia intermedia Clavijo & J.L.Clark, sp. nov. and D. longiflora J.L.Clark & Clavijo, sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae, Columneinae), are described from the western Andean slopes of Ecuador and Colombia. The new species are similar to D. fimbriata, D. laciniosa, D. macrophylla, and D. peponifera because of the facultative epiphytic habit, deeply serrate to laciniate calyx margins, and fleshy bivalved capsules with tardily dehiscent endocarps. Leaves with brochidodromous venation, narrowly elongate corolla tube, and laciniate calyx margins differentiate D. intermedia. The longest corolla of any known Drymonia (> 6.5 cm long) differentiates D. longiflora. Digital photographs, geographic distributions, and IUCN categories are provided for the new species.

Honveda schintlmeisteri sp. nov. (Figs 1–8) Type material. Holotype, male, INDIA. Maharashtra, Panhala, 750m, 16°81′N 74°13′E, 07.ix.2007, Ratesh Kumar leg. (NZCZSI). Paratypes, INDIA. Maharashtra, Panhala, male, 07.ix.2007, Ratesh Kumar leg. (NZCZSI); S. India, Tamil Nadu, Nilhiri Hills, Kotagiri, male, 900m, 11°23′N 76°55′E, 16.iv.1997, Schintlmeister & Siniarv leg. Diagnosis. Honveda schintlmeisteri sp. nov. is the smallest member of the genus (forewing length male 21mm). Externally, all the members of Honveda are similar looking and thus difficult to differentiate. They are reliably identified on the basis of genitalia. In male genitalia, H. schintlmeisteri sp. nov. (Figs 2, 3) is reminiscent of H. fasciata (Schintlmeister 2008: 105, fig. 420) and H. brachyrami (Kobayashi 2021: 269, fig. 16) but is distinct by the presence of hammer shaped apex of socii (Figs 4,5) (in H. fasciata the apex of socii is rounded and in H. brachyrami the apex of socii is rounded with a proximal triangular flap). Furthermore, H. schintlmeisteri sp. nov. has a smooth dorsal apical region of the uncus (Fig. 6); valva with finger-like basal costal processes, the sacculus broad and evenly curved being serrated on both edges, and a small tooth at the apex (Fig. 7). Honveda brachyrami on the other hand has the dorsal apical part of the uncus has a groove, the valva with the coastal process thumb like, the sacculus slender and linear with the distal ventral edge serrate, and the apical tooth absent. Honveda schintlmeisteri sp. nov. is further distinct from H. fasciata by the valva with saccular process broader and dentate, aedeagus being strongly angled at the apex and by the rounded apical projection, in H. fasciata the saccular process narrower and smooth, aedeagus is evenly curved apically and the apical projection pointed. Due to the presence of a single long process on the juxta (Fig. 8), H. schintlmeisteri sp. nov., is distinct from some of its congeners: H. niisatoi and H. nepalina have the juxta with a single short process (Kobayashi 2021: 267, 272, figs 14, 19), H. latifasciata and H. rallifasciata have the juxta with two processes (Schintlmeister 2008: 105, Fig. 419, 421), but H. fasciata also has a single juxtal process. Distribution. The new species is known from South India: Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Etymology. The new species is named after Dr. Alexander Schintlmeister (Germany) for his contribution to the taxonomy of global Notodontidae.

Genus Honveda Kiriakoff, 1962: 154 (key), 169. Type species: Pydna fasciata Moore, 1879: 66, by original designation., Published as part of Joshi, Rahul, Ahmad, Jalil & Singh, Navneet, 2023, A new species of Honveda Kiriakoff (Notodontidae, Lepidoptera) from India, pp. 148-150 in Zootaxa 5263 (1) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/7797696, {"references":["Kiriakoff, S. G. (1962) Die Notodontiden der Ausbeuten H. Hones aus Ostasien (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). 1. Teil. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 13, 219 - 236.","Moore, F. (1879) s. n. In: Hewitson, W. C. & Moore, F., Descriptions of new Indian lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson, 1, pp. 5 - 88, pls. 2 - 3."]}

Dubatolov, V.V., Zinchenko, V.K, Ustjuzhanin, P.Ya. (2023): Autumn moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) new for the fauna of Kunashir Island. Far Eastern Entomologist 474: 11-24, DOI: 10.25221/fee.474.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.474.3

The cedar processionary moth, Thaumetopoea bonjeani (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), is a serious pest of the Atlas cedar Cedrus atlantica in north-western Africa and it is involved in the decline of this endangered tree species. Natural enemies of the cedar processionary moth are poorly known, especially for parasitoids, predators and pathogens of the larval-pupal life stages. Mature larvae were collected and examined in 2014 and 2015 in natural stands of Atlas cedar in the Djurdjura (northern Algeria), in occurrence with pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. The overall mortality rate of larvae of Thaumetopoea bonjeani ranged from 26.4% to 31.1%, with generalist predators and parasitoids being more effective than pathogens. Four primary parasitoid species were recorded, of which four tachinid flies and one braconid wasp, as well as four predatory beetles and one fungus. The most important species were the carabid Calosoma sycophanta and the tachinid Compsilura concinnata. The cooccurrence of T. bonjeani and T. pityocampa may offer to generalist natural enemies an extended period of availa- bility of similar preys, as the two processionary moths have different life cycles. The sharing of natural enemies between the two species of Thaumetopoea can mitigate the outbreaks of both species.

The larvae of the pine processionary moth are a threat to public health because they produce detachable setae that are about 200 µm long and 6 µm wide, reaching a total number of up to 1 million per mature individual. The setae are intended to be released to protect the larvae from predators but become a public health issue when in contact with humans and warm-blooded animals. Symptoms associated with the setae are typically urticaria and local swelling erythema, although edema of the skin, conjunctivitis or respiratory mucosa may occur. Occupational exposure concerns mainly forest workers but also farmers and gardeners. In the present study, we quantify the exposure to the setae of forest workers in a district of Northern Italy. The pine processionary moth represents a real case of occupational exposure as the urticating setae produced by the larvae caused symptoms in most forest workers directly in contact with the infested trees. In addition, the urticating setae were detected on the body of the chainsaw operators and in the surroundings of the felled trees during the operations. The non-exposed workers of the same agency did not report symptoms, with only one exception, likely linked to a non-occupational exposure. As the risk is not immediately perceived by the workers because direct contact with the larvae is unlikely, a campaign of information to workers and the general population living nearby infested forestry areas about the risk associated with airborne exposure is recommended. This becomes especially important in the areas of recent expansion of the insect, where people are inexperienced.

Hexafrenum tangkhula Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C30C4CE8-21D4-4552-AA90-A6C387C247E2 (Figs. 9, 10, 36, 37) Type material. Holotype: ♂, India, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 4), 25.1112°N 94.4534°E, 2425 m, 25.VII.2019, genitalia slide no. GU 69-95, leg. JS Irungbam. Type deposited in the MWM, Dresden, Germany. Paratypes (3 ♂♂): India: 2 ♂♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 4), 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2036 m, 25.VII.2019, 13.IX.2019, genitalia slide no. GU 69-96, genitalia slide no. GU 69-98, leg W. Thomas, Dresden (in coll. A. Schintlmeister, Dresden, MWM); 1 ♂, Shirui Hill (Site 1), 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2190 m, 16.X.2017, genitalia slide no. JSI-GP-322; leg. JS Irungbam (in coll. NZC, ZSI, Registration no. 11519/H10). Diagnosis: The new species, Hexafrenum tangkhula Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov., is closely related to H. avis Schintlmeister & Fang, 2001 from Southeast China and Vietnam. The forewings of H. tangkhula sp. nov. are chocolate-brown with a hint of reddish colour, while H. avis have greyish grounds without reddish-brown scales. The hindwings of H. tangkhula Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. are dark brown, while those of H. avis are paler and more greyish. Both the species have large rectangular-shaped apical projections on the valves, which has rounded tips in H. tangkhula Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov., but they are slightly pointed in H. avis (Fig. 38). H. tangkhula Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. have long and pointed socii, while H. avis has relatively short socii. The large prominent black spot at the basal fascia is a characteristic feature for H. tangkhula Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. Description (Figs. 9, 10): Forewing length 21– 25 mm in males.Antennae bipectinate with short rami. Forewing relatively broad, elongated shape with pointed apex. Ground color of the forewing chocolate-brown, with a hint reddish colour. The apex of the forewings, the discal spot and a basal streak toward the margin are pale yellowish brown. The basal fascia has a large prominent black spot. Hindwings are dark brown. Male genitalia (Figs. 36, 37). Uncus long and bifurcated uncus with short arm. Socii well developed, long and slightly curved, with pointed tip, almost 2/3 rd of uncus. Tegumen short, rather broad, dome shaped. Valves robust and large rectangular shaped apical projection; Valva apex slightly protruded. Phallus robust and short with two long and curved processes distally. Cornuti not visible. 8th sternite with a pair of strongly sclerotized and tapered lateral projections. 8 th tergite characteristically semispherical notched. The female of H. tangkhula Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. is unknown. Etymology: The species name is derived from “Tangkhul tribe” of the Naga community in Manipur who play an important role in the conservation and protection of biodiversity in the Shirui Hill, Manipur. Distribution: India: Manipur. Habitat (Figs. 56): All the three new species, Cleapa ukhrulensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov., Spatalina rimbiensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. and Hexafrenum tangkhula Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. are currently known from the Shirui Hills, Manipur (NE India), of which S. rimbiensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. is also known from Sikkim (Rimbi) and different localities of Nepal. They occur at altitudes between 1900 to 2700m above sea level whereas S. rimbiensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. is reported from lower altitude at 1550m in Nepal. All the species were collected mainly during the monsoon months (July and September). The Shirui Hill, has a cold climate, with temperatures between 3°C and 33°C. Most of the year, the upper ridges of Shirui Hill are covered with clouds, but they receive rain from May through the beginning of October. In the region, average annual rainfall is about 1763.7 millimeters. There are a variety of Rhododendron and Quercus species that dominate the vegetation in the area. Despite the relatively sparse population, the forest area is heavily disturbed by anthropogenic activities, such as seasonal cultivation, illegal tree felling, forest burning, and domesticated animal grazing (Schintlmeister & Irungbam 2019).

11. Fentonia excurvata excurvata (Hampson, 1892) Pheosia excurvata Hampson, [1893]; Fauna Br. India (Moths) 1: 161. TL. Sikkim. Material examined. India: 1 ♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 1), 25.1264°N 94.4357°E, 1983 m, 23.VII.2019; 1 ♂, Shirui Hill (Site 2), 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2036 m, 13.IX.2019; 2 ♂♂, Shirui Hill (Site 4), 25.1112°N 94.4534°E, 2425 m, 12.VII.2016, 25.VII.2019; leg. JS Irungbam & H Huidrom. Distribution. India: Uttarakhand, Sikkim, NE India (Chandra et al. 2018); West Bengal (Mazumder et al. 2020); Manipur (in the present study). Elsewhere: Nepal (Sugi 1995); China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam (Schintlmeister & Pinratana 2007); Laos (Kobayashi 2020)., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 72-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. (1892) The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Vol. I. Taylor & Francis, London, 527 pp.","Chandra, K., Mazumder, A., Sanyal, A. K., Ash, A., Bandyopadhyay, U., Mallick, K. & Raha, A. (2018) Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Zootaxa, 4505 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4505.1.1","Mazumder, A., Raha, A., Sanyal, A. K., Gayen, S., Mallick, K., Bandyopadhyay, U., Chandra, K. & Schintlmeister, A. (2020) A new species of Nerice Walker, 1855 and further additions to the catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) from Himalaya with report of range extensions. Zootaxa, 4748 (1), 119 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4748.1.6","Sugi, S. (1995) Notodontidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 4. Tinea. Vol. 14. Supplement 2. Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 110 - 116, pl. 118.","Schintlmeister, A. & Pinratana, A. (2007) Moths of Thailand. Vol. 5. Notodontidae. Brothers of Saint Gabriel, Bangkok, 320 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004260993","Kobayashi, H. (2020) Notodontidae. In Kishida, Y. (Ed.), Moths of Laos, Part 1. Tinea. Vol. 25. Supplement 2. Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 134 - 165, pls. 62 - 79."]}

42. Benbowia camilla Schintlmeister, 1997 Stauropus camilla Schintlmeister, 1997; Entomofauna 9: 98, pl. 20:8,9. TL. Fan-si-pan (Vietnam). Material examined. India: 1 ♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 1), 25.1264°N 94.4357°E, 1983 m, 12.VII.2016; 1 ♂, Shirui Hill (Site 2), 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2036 m, 13.IX.2019; Genitalia slide GU 69-83; leg. JS Irungbam; coll. Schintlmeister A., Dresden, Germany. Distribution. India: Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Sikkim (Schintlmeister 1997); NE India (Chandra et al. 2018); Manipur (in the present study). Elsewhere: Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, China (Schintlmeister 1997, 2008); Laos (Kobayashi 2020)., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Schintlmeister, A. (1997) Moths of Vietnam with Special Reference to Mt. Fan-si-pan. Family Notodontidae. Entomofauna, 9 (4), 33 - 248.","Chandra, K., Mazumder, A., Sanyal, A. K., Ash, A., Bandyopadhyay, U., Mallick, K. & Raha, A. (2018) Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Zootaxa, 4505 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4505.1.1","Schintlmeister, A. (2008) Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera. Vol. 1. Notodontidae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 482 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004260993","Kobayashi, H. (2020) Notodontidae. In Kishida, Y. (Ed.), Moths of Laos, Part 1. Tinea. Vol. 25. Supplement 2. Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 134 - 165, pls. 62 - 79."]}

63. Pheosiopsis irrorata (Moore, 1879) Heterocampa irrorata Moore, 1879; In Hewitson & Moore, Descr. lepid. Insects Colin, late Mr. W.S. Atkinson. (1): 60. TL. Darjeeling (West Bengal, India). Material examined. India: 1 ♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 2), 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2036 m, 13.III.2019; leg. JS Irungbam. Distribution. India: West Bengal, Sikkim, NE India (Chandra et al. 2018); Manipur (in the present study). Elsewhere: Nepal (Sugi 1995)., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Chandra, K., Mazumder, A., Sanyal, A. K., Ash, A., Bandyopadhyay, U., Mallick, K. & Raha, A. (2018) Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Zootaxa, 4505 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4505.1.1","Sugi, S. (1995) Notodontidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 4. Tinea. Vol. 14. Supplement 2. Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 110 - 116, pl. 118."]}

20. Spatalina desiccata desiccata (Kiriakoff, 1963) (new record for India) (Figs. 14, 45) Xeropteryx desiccata Kiriakoff, 1963; Ark. Zool. (2) 12: 289; photo 53; fig. 50. TL. China, N Yunnan, Li-kian. Material examined. India: 1 ♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 2), 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2036 m, 24.VII.2019, Genitalia slide no.JSI-GP 318; leg. JS Irungbam (in coll. NZC, ZSI). Diagnosis. Forewing length 21 mm in male. In the male genitalia, the arms of uncus are slender, concave and less curved in S. d. stolida which the uncus arm is convex and more curved in S. d. desiccata. Broad bilobed uncus is present. Distribution. India: Manipur (In the present study). Elsewhere. N Myanmar, China (Yunnan, Sichuan), northern and central Thailand (Schintlmeister & Pinratana 2007). Note. Spatalina desiccata stolida Schintlmeister, 2007 was reported recently from Arunachal Pradesh (Chandra et al. 2018)., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Schintlmeister, A. & Pinratana, A. (2007) Moths of Thailand. Vol. 5. Notodontidae. Brothers of Saint Gabriel, Bangkok, 320 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004260993","Chandra, K., Mazumder, A., Sanyal, A. K., Ash, A., Bandyopadhyay, U., Mallick, K. & Raha, A. (2018) Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Zootaxa, 4505 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4505.1.1"]}

53. Euhampsonia rubricata Schintlmeister & Irungbam, 2019 Euhampsonia rubricata Schintlmeister & Irungbam, 2019; Zootaxa, 4560(1): 195. TL. Shirui Hill, Manipur (India). Material examined. India: 3 ♂♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 2), 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2036 m, 12.VII.2016; 13.IX.2019; 1 ♂, Arunachal Pradesh, Changlang district, Miao, 27.49°N 96.2°E, 120-140 m., 22. V.2022; leg. JS Irungbam (in coll. NZC, ZSI). Distribution. India: Manipur (Schintlmeister & Irungbam 2019); Arunachal Pradesh (in the present study). Elsewhere: Myanmar (Schintlmeister & Irungbam 2019)., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Schintlmeister, A. & Irungbam, J. S. (2019) Euhampsonia rubricata spec. nov., a new moth species from NE India and western Myanmar (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Zootaxa, 4560 (1), 195 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4560.1.12"]}

13. Pseudallata laticostalis (Hampson, 1900) Spatalia laticostalis Hampson, 1900; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 13:43. TL. Khasia Hills, NE India. Material examined. India: 2 ♂♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 4), 25.1112°N 94.4534°E, 2425 m, 13.IX.2019; 1♂, Imphal West, LRF, near Shiva Temple, 24.844944N, 939195278E, 949 m, 25.iii.2017; leg. JS Irungbam & H Huidrom. Distribution. India: Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Sikkim, Meghalaya (Chandra et al. 2018); Arunachal Pradesh (Mazumder et al. 2020); Manipur (in the present study). Elsewhere. Nepal (Sugi 1992); Afghanistan, Pakistan, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China (Schintlmeister 2008)., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Chandra, K., Mazumder, A., Sanyal, A. K., Ash, A., Bandyopadhyay, U., Mallick, K. & Raha, A. (2018) Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Zootaxa, 4505 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4505.1.1","Mazumder, A., Raha, A., Sanyal, A. K., Gayen, S., Mallick, K., Bandyopadhyay, U., Chandra, K. & Schintlmeister, A. (2020) A new species of Nerice Walker, 1855 and further additions to the catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) from Himalaya with report of range extensions. Zootaxa, 4748 (1), 119 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4748.1.6","Sugi, S. (1992) Notodontidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 1. Tinea. Vol. 13. Supplement 2. Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 95 - 122.","Schintlmeister, A. (2008) Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera. Vol. 1. Notodontidae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 482 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004260993"]}

54. Hexafrenum rufa (Hampson, 1892) Notodonta rufa Hampson, 1892; Fauna Br. India (Moths) 1: 163. TL. Nàga Hill (Nagaland, India). Material examined. India: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 2), 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2036 m, 13.IX.2019; leg. JS Irungbam. Distribution. India: West Bengal, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Nagaland (Chandra et al. 2018); Arunachal Pradesh (Mazumder et al. 2020); Manipur (in the present study). Note: Endemic to NE India., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. (1892) The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Vol. I. Taylor & Francis, London, 527 pp.","Chandra, K., Mazumder, A., Sanyal, A. K., Ash, A., Bandyopadhyay, U., Mallick, K. & Raha, A. (2018) Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Zootaxa, 4505 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4505.1.1","Mazumder, A., Raha, A., Sanyal, A. K., Gayen, S., Mallick, K., Bandyopadhyay, U., Chandra, K. & Schintlmeister, A. (2020) A new species of Nerice Walker, 1855 and further additions to the catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) from Himalaya with report of range extensions. Zootaxa, 4748 (1), 119 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4748.1.6"]}

18. Spatalina ferruginosa (Moore, 1879) (Figs. 8, 35) Lophopteryx ferruginosa Moore, 1879; in Hewitson & Moore, Descr. lepid. Insects Colin, late Mr. W.S. Atkinson. (1): 67. TL. Darjeeling (West Bengal, India). Material examined. India: 1 ♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 2), 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2036 m, 24.VII.2019; 2 ♂♂, Shirui Hill (Site 4), 25.1112°N 94.4534°E, 2425 m, 24.VII.2019; leg. JS Irungbam; 1♂, India, Darjeeling, 94-106, coll. Moore, genitalia slide no 915, (in coll. A. Schintlmeister, Dresden, MWM). Distribution. India: Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Sikkim, NE India (Chandra et al. 2018); Manipur (in the present study). Elsewhere: Nepal (Sugi 1992); Myanmar, China (Yunnan), Taiwan (Schintlmeister 2008)., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Chandra, K., Mazumder, A., Sanyal, A. K., Ash, A., Bandyopadhyay, U., Mallick, K. & Raha, A. (2018) Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Zootaxa, 4505 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4505.1.1","Sugi, S. (1992) Notodontidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 1. Tinea. Vol. 13. Supplement 2. Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 95 - 122.","Schintlmeister, A. (2008) Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera. Vol. 1. Notodontidae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 482 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004260993"]}

64. Pheosiopsis norina Schintlmeister, 1989 (new record for India) (Figs. 25, 54) Pheosiopsis (Suzukiana) norina Schintlmeister, 1989; Neue Ent. Nachr. 25: 111. TL. E. China. Material examined. India: 2 ♂♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 2), 25.1171°N 94.4456°E, 2198 m, 12.VII.2016, genitalia slide no. JSI-GP 286; leg. JS Irungbam (in coll. NZC, ZSI, Registration no. 11523/H10). Diagnosis. Forewing length 25–27 mm in male. Pheosiopsis norina can be easily separable from the long bipectinated antenna which is short pectinated in P. niteria and P. irrorata. Distribution: India: Manipur (In the present study). Elsewhere. Myanmar, S China, Vietnam, Laos, N Thailand (Schintlmeister 2008)., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Schintlmeister, A. (1989) Zoogeographie der Palaearktischen Notodontidae (Lepidoptera). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 25, 1 - 117.","Schintlmeister, A. (2008) Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera. Vol. 1. Notodontidae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 482 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004260993"]}

56. Hexafrenum collaris (Swinhoe, 1904) Hyperaeschra collaris Swinhoe, 1904; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 14 (80): 132. TL. Khasia Hills (India, Meghalaya). Material examined. India: 2 ♂♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 2), 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2036 m, genitalia slide no. GU 69-97, genitalia slide no. GU 69-99; 1 ♂, Imphal West, Langol RF, near Shiva Temple, 24.844944N, 939195278E, 949 m, 25.iii.2017; leg. JS Irungbam & H Huidrom. Distribution. India: Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, (Mazumder et al. 2020); Manipur (In the present study). Elsewhere: Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, China (Yunnan, Sichuan) (Schintlmeister & Fang 2001; Schintlmeister 2008)., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Mazumder, A., Raha, A., Sanyal, A. K., Gayen, S., Mallick, K., Bandyopadhyay, U., Chandra, K. & Schintlmeister, A. (2020) A new species of Nerice Walker, 1855 and further additions to the catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) from Himalaya with report of range extensions. Zootaxa, 4748 (1), 119 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4748.1.6","Schintlmeister, A. & Fang, C. - L. (2001) New and Less Known Notodontidae from Mainland China (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Notodontidae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 50, 1 - 143.","Schintlmeister, A. (2008) Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera. Vol. 1. Notodontidae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 482 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004260993"]}

40. Neodrymonia basalis seriatopunctata (Matsumura, 1925) Disparia seriatopunctata Matsumura, 1925; Zool. Mag. Tokyo, 37: 394. TL: Formosa [= Taiwan, China]. Material examined. India: 2 ♂♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 4), 25.1112°N 94.4534°E, 2425 m, 12.VII.2016, 25.VII.2019; leg. JS Irungbam. Distribution: India: Assam, Meghalaya (Chandra et al. 2018); Maharashtra (Shubhalaxmi et al. 2011); Manipur (In the present study). Elsewhere: Nepal, China (Taiwan), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam (Schintlmeister 2008); Laos (Kobayashi 2020)., Published as part of Irungbam, Jatishwor Singh, Schintlmeister, Alexander & Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, 2022, New and less known Notodontidae from Manipur, India (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea), pp. 61-93 in Zootaxa 5196 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7224135, {"references":["Matsumura, S. (1925) The Formosan Notodontidae. Zoological Magazine Tokyo, 37, 391 - 409, pls. 6 - 7.","Chandra, K., Mazumder, A., Sanyal, A. K., Ash, A., Bandyopadhyay, U., Mallick, K. & Raha, A. (2018) Catalogue of Indian Notodontidae Stephens, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Zootaxa, 4505 (1), 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4505.1.1","Shubhalaxmi, V., Kendrick, R. C., Vaidya, A., Kalagi, N. & Bhagwat, A. (2011) Inventory of Moth Fauna (Lepidoptera, Heterocera) of the Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 108 (3), 183 - 205.","Schintlmeister, A. (2008) Palaearctic Macrolepidoptera. Vol. 1. Notodontidae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 482 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004260993","Kobayashi, H. (2020) Notodontidae. In Kishida, Y. (Ed.), Moths of Laos, Part 1. Tinea. Vol. 25. Supplement 2. Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 134 - 165, pls. 62 - 79."]}

Spatalina rimbiensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E1D48714-F66B-433A-9CF0-93C5DFB52FA3 (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 32, 33, 34) Material examined: Holotype (♂), India, Sikkim, Rimbi, 1200 m, 2719′37 N, 8809′08 E, 26.VIII.1988, genitalia slide no. GU 23-56, leg. W. Thomas, coll. A. Schintlmeister, Dresden. Type deposited in the MWM, Dresden, Germany. Paratypes (14 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀). INDIA: 1 ♀, Sikkim, Rimbi, 1200 m, 26. viii. 1988, genitalia slide no. GU 23-45, leg W. Thomas, Dresden (in coll. A. Schintlmeister, Dresden, MWM); 1♂, Manipur, Ukhrul district, Shirui Hill (Site 1) 25.1264°N 94.4357°E, 1930 m, 12.VII.2016, genitalia slide no. JSI-GP-288; 2 ♂, Shirui Hill (Site 2) 25.1236°N 94.4408°E, 2190 m, 16.X.2017, 23-24.VII.2019, genitalia slide no. JSI-GP-307, genitalia slide no. JSI-GP-323; leg. JS Irungbam (in coll. NZC, ZSI, Registration no. 11516/H10, 11517/H10, 11518/H10); 1 ♂, Shirui Hill (Site 4) 25.1112°N 94.4534°E, 2425 m, 24.VII.2019, genitalia slide no. GU 69-84; leg W. Thomas, Dresden (in coll. A. Schintlmeister, Dresden, MWM) NEPAL: 3 ♂♂, Annapurna Himal valley of Kali, Gandaki near Ghasa, 2000 m, 8339,5′E, 2836′N, 21.vii.1995, genitalia slide no. MWM 4080, MWM 4201, leg. Gy.M. Lazlo & G. Ronkay; 1 ♂, Godavari, 1570 m, vii.1982, genitalia slide no. GU 81-85, leg. M.G. Allen; 4 ♂♂, Godavari, 1550–1700 m, 2.vi.1984 and 22.vi.1983, leg. M.G. Allen; 1 ♀, Godavari, Mt. Phulchouki, 1850 m, v.– vi.1991, leg. Hreblay & K. Csak; 2 ♂♂, Mt. Kalinchok, 2 km N of Tarebhir, 2600 m, 2.vii.1997 and 5.vii.1997, leg. Hreblay & K. Csak; 1 ♀, Solu, Khumbu Himal, Lukla, 2800 m, 25.vi.1993, leg. M. Hreblay & G. Csorba (in coll. A. Schintlmeister, Dresden, MWM). Diagnosis: The new species Spatalina rimbiensis Irungbam &Schintlmeister, sp. nov. resembles to S. ferruginosa (Moore, 1879) (Fig. 8) morphologically but can be distinguished by forewing ground color dark greyish brown S. rimbiensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. which is light fuliginous-brown in S. ferruginosa. Forewing costa displays several blackish dots and a larger blackish apical blotch in S. rimbiensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. which is absent in S. ferruginosa. The male genitalia are distinguished by shape of the uncus arms which are long and pointed in S. rimbiensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. whereas very short and broader in S. ferruginosa (Fig. 35) ( in S. umbrosa (Leech, 1898), uncus is Y-shaped with long uncus arms, while socii are longer and finger-like). The phallus of S. rimbiensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. has a short and slightly curved and tapered tip whereas S. ferruginosa have a longer and blunt tip. Female S. rimbiensis Irungbam & Schintlmeister, sp. nov. genitalia display robust, rectangular-shaped antrums which are larger than those in known females of other congeners. Description (Figs. 5, 6, 7): Forewing length 19–21 mm in males and 24–26 mm in females. Male antennae bipectinated with short rami, those of the females are filiform. Forewing shape with rounded margin and apex, less elongated; ground color dark greyish brown; costa displays several blackish dots; and a larger blackish apical blotch. Veins of forewings tinged inconspicuous yellowish-brown. Hindwings are dark brown. Sexual dimorphism is limited, but the females are larger than the males. Male genitalia (Figs. 32, 33). Uncus with long arms. Socii reduced in size and appear as a basal projection of the uncus. Valva bears a large basal projection, which is the largest in the entire genus; Valva apex rounded. Phallus short, curved and tapered at tip. Cornuti missing. 8th sternite deeply notched at their posterior margins. 8 th tergite with a pair of semispherical large projections. Female genitalia (Figure 34). Apophyses anteriores slightly longer than apophyses posteriores. Antrum robust and rectangularly shaped, larger than in the known females of the other congeners. Ductus bursae slender and long; corpus bursae saccate. Etymology: The species name is derived from the type locality of the holotype (Sikkim, Rimbi). Distribution: India: Sikkim, Manipur. Elsewhere. Nepal.