9 results on '"Nicholas P. Camp"'
Search Results
2. Uncertain threat is associated with greater impulsive actions and neural dissimilarity to Black versus White faces
- Author
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Estée Rubien-Thomas, Nia Berrian, Kristina M. Rapuano, Lena J. Skalaban, Alessandra Cervera, Binyam Nardos, Alexandra O. Cohen, Ariel Lowrey, Natalie M. Daumeyer, Richard Watts, Nicholas P. Camp, Brent L. Hughes, Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Kim A. Taylor-Thompson, Damien A. Fair, Jennifer A. Richeson, and B. J. Casey
- Subjects
Behavioral Neuroscience ,Cognitive Neuroscience - Abstract
Race is a social construct that contributes to group membership and heightens emotional arousal in intergroup contexts. Little is known about how emotional arousal, specifically uncertain threat, influences behavior and brain processes in response to race information. We investigated the effects of experimentally manipulated uncertain threat on impulsive actions to Black versus White faces in a community sample (n = 106) of Black and White adults. While undergoing fMRI, participants performed an emotional go/no-go task under three conditions of uncertainty: 1) anticipation of an uncertain threat (i.e., unpredictable loud aversive sound); 2) anticipation of an uncertain reward (i.e., unpredictable receipt of money); and 3) no anticipation of an uncertain event. Representational similarity analysis was used to examine the neural representations of race information across functional brain networks between conditions of uncertainty. Participants—regardless of their own race—showed greater impulsivity and neural dissimilarity in response to Black versus White faces across all functional brain networks in conditions of uncertain threat relative to other conditions. This pattern of greater neural dissimilarity under threat was enhanced in individuals with high implicit racial bias. Our results illustrate the distinct and important influence of uncertain threat on global differentiation in how race information is represented in the brain, which may contribute to racially biased behavior.
- Published
- 2023
3. Processing of Task-Irrelevant Race Information is Associated with Diminished Cognitive Control in Black and White Individuals
- Author
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Nia Berrian, Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Alessandra Cervera, B. J. Casey, Estee Rubien-Thomas, Brent L. Hughes, Alexandra O. Cohen, Binyam Nardos, Damien A. Fair, Ariel Lowrey, Jennifer A. Richeson, Kim Taylor-Thompson, Nicholas P. Camp, and Natalie M. Daumeyer
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Race ,Face perception ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Implicit bias ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,Perception ,medicine ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Attention ,Association (psychology) ,media_common ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,05 social sciences ,fMRI ,Behavioral pattern ,Brain ,Fusiform face area ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Cognitive control ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
The race of an individual is a salient physical feature that is rapidly processed by the brain and can bias our perceptions of others. How the race of others explicitly impacts our actions toward them during intergroup contexts is not well understood. In the current study, we examined how task-irrelevant race information influences cognitive control in a go/no-go task in a community sample of Black (n = 54) and White (n = 51) participants. We examined the neural correlates of behavioral effects using functional magnetic resonance imaging and explored the influence of implicit racial attitudes on brain-behavior associations. Both Black and White participants showed more cognitive control failures, as indexed by dprime, to Black versus White faces, despite the irrelevance of race to the task demands. This behavioral pattern was paralleled by greater activity to Black faces in the fusiform face area, implicated in processing face and in-group information, and lateral orbitofrontal cortex, associated with resolving stimulus-response conflict. Exploratory brain-behavior associations suggest different patterns in Black and White individuals. Black participants exhibited a negative association between fusiform activity and response time during impulsive errors to Black faces, whereas White participants showed a positive association between lateral OFC activity and cognitive control performance to Black faces when accounting for implicit racial associations. Together our findings propose that attention to race information is associated with diminished cognitive control that may be driven by different mechanisms for Black and White individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.3758/s13415-021-00896-8.
- Published
- 2021
4. Transition-Metal-Mediated Chemo- and Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (-)-Galanthamine
- Author
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Iain R. Miller, Neville J. McLean, Gamal A. I. Moustafa, Vachiraporn Ajavakom, Stephen C. Kemp, Richard K. Bellingham, Nicholas P. Camp, and Richard C. D. Brown
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Alkaloids ,Alzheimer Disease ,Galantamine ,Organic Chemistry ,Humans - Abstract
An asymmetric synthetic route to (-)-galanthamine (
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- 2022
5. Neural adaptation to faces reveals racial outgroup homogeneity effects in early perception
- Author
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Vaidehi Natu, Brent L. Hughes, Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Nicholas P. Camp, Kalanit Grill-Spector, and Jesse Gomez
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Male ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Social Sciences ,perceptual sensitivity ,White People ,050105 experimental psychology ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Racism ,0302 clinical medicine ,Group differences ,Memory ,Perception ,Adaptation, Psychological ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Habituation ,race ,media_common ,Stereotyping ,Multidisciplinary ,05 social sciences ,Neural adaptation ,intergroup perception ,neural adaptation ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe ,Black or African American ,Visual cortex ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Social Perception ,Psychological and Cognitive Sciences ,Outgroup ,Female ,Psychology ,Facial Recognition ,Photic Stimulation ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Significance The tendency to view members of social outgroups as interchangeable has long been considered a core component of intergroup bias and a precursor to stereotyping and discrimination. However, the early perceptual nature of these intergroup biases is poorly understood. Here, we used a functional MRI adaptation paradigm to assess how face-selective brain regions respond to variation in physical similarity among racial ingroup (White) and outgroup (Black) faces. We conclude that differences emerge in the different tuning properties of early face-selective cortex for racial ingroup and outgroup faces and mirror behavioral differences in memory and perception of racial ingroup versus outgroup faces. These results suggest that outgroup deindividuation emerges at some of the earliest stages of perception., A hallmark of intergroup biases is the tendency to individuate members of one’s own group but process members of other groups categorically. While the consequences of these biases for stereotyping and discrimination are well-documented, their early perceptual underpinnings remain less understood. Here, we investigated the neural mechanisms of this effect by testing whether high-level visual cortex is differentially tuned in its sensitivity to variation in own-race versus other-race faces. Using a functional MRI adaptation paradigm, we measured White participants’ habituation to blocks of White and Black faces that parametrically varied in their groupwise similarity. Participants showed a greater tendency to individuate own-race faces in perception, showing both greater release from adaptation to unique identities and increased sensitivity in the adaptation response to physical difference among faces. These group differences emerge in the tuning of early face-selective cortex and mirror behavioral differences in the memory and perception of own- versus other-race faces. Our results suggest that biases for other-race faces emerge at some of the earliest stages of sensory perception.
- Published
- 2019
6. Language from police body camera footage shows racial disparities in officer respect
- Author
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Rebecca C. Hetey, David Jurgens, Dan Jurafsky, Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, William L. Hamilton, Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Rob Voigt, Nicholas P. Camp, and Camilla Griffiths
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Adult ,Male ,Video Recording ,Poison control ,Social Sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Procedural justice ,Trust ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,White People ,Officer ,Social Justice ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0505 law ,Language ,Multidisciplinary ,White (horse) ,05 social sciences ,Racial Groups ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Police ,050501 criminology ,Female ,Psychology ,Social psychology - Abstract
Using footage from body-worn cameras, we analyze the respectfulness of police officer language toward white and black community members during routine traffic stops. We develop computational linguistic methods that extract levels of respect automatically from transcripts, informed by a thin-slicing study of participant ratings of officer utterances. We find that officers speak with consistently less respect toward black versus white community members, even after controlling for the race of the officer, the severity of the infraction, the location of the stop, and the outcome of the stop. Such disparities in common, everyday interactions between police and the communities they serve have important implications for procedural justice and the building of police-community trust.
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- 2017
7. Language from Police Body Camera Footage Shows Racial Disparities in Officer Respect
- Author
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Camilla M. Griffiths, Camilla M. Griffiths, Dan Jurafsky, David Jurgens, Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Nicholas P. Camp, Rebecca C. Hetey, Rob Voigta, Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, William L. Hamilton, Camilla M. Griffiths, Camilla M. Griffiths, Dan Jurafsky, David Jurgens, Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Nicholas P. Camp, Rebecca C. Hetey, Rob Voigta, Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, and William L. Hamilton
- Abstract
Using footage from body-worn cameras, we analyze the respectfulness of police officer language toward white and black community members during routine traffic stops. We develop computational linguistic methods that extract levels of respect automatically from transcripts, informed by a thin-slicing study of participant ratings of officer utterances. We find that officers speak with consistently less respect toward black versus white community members, even after controlling for the race of the officer, the severity of the infraction, the location of the stop, and the outcome of the stop. Such disparities in common, everyday interactions between police and the communities they serve have important implications for procedural justice and the building of police–community trust.
- Published
- 2017
8. Stereocontrolled synthesis of (-)-galanthamine
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Richard C. D. Brown, Nicholas P. Camp, Vachiraporn Satcharoen, Stephen C. Kemp, and Neville J. McLean
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Enyne ,Molecular Structure ,Stereochemistry ,Galantamine ,Aryl ,Organic Chemistry ,Enantioselective synthesis ,Alcohol ,Ether ,Stereoisomerism ,General Medicine ,Isovanillin ,Metathesis ,Ring (chemistry) ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Cyclization ,Organic chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
An enantioselective synthesis of (-)-galanthamine has been realized in 11 linear steps starting from isovanillin. A Mitsunobu aryl ether forming reaction was used to assemble the galanthamine backbone, which was stitched together using enyne ring-closing metathesis, Heck, and N-alkylation reactions affording the tetracyclic ring system. Control of relative and absolute stereochemistry was derived from an easily accessible enantiomerically enriched propargylic alcohol 13.
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- 2007
9. A short and efficient route to (±)-anatoxin-a
- Author
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Darren Martin Harvey, J. Mark Underwood, Philip J. Parsons, and Nicholas P. Camp
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Tandem ,Stereochemistry ,Intramolecular force ,Molecular Medicine ,Methyllithium ,Nonane ,Ring (chemistry) - Abstract
A new route to Anatoxin-a1 is reported which involves a tandem methyllithium mediated ring opening/intramolecular cyclisation as a key step to provide the required 2-acetyl-9-azabicyclo [4.2.1] nonane ring structure in one synthetic operation.
- Published
- 1995
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