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1. Improved detection of methylation in ancient DNA

Author

Sawyer, Susanna, Gelabert, Pere, Yakir, Benjamin, Llanos-Lizcano, Alejandro, Sperduti, Alessandra, Bondioli, Luca, Cheronet, Olivia, Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Novak, Mario, Pap, Ildikó, Szikossy, Ildikó, Hajdu, Tamás, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Gromov, Andrey, Zariņa, Gunita, Meshorer, Eran, Carmel, Liran, and Pinhasi, Ron

Published
2024
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2. Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility

Author

Antonio, Margaret L, Weiß, Clemens L, Gao, Ziyue, Sawyer, Susanna, Oberreiter, Victoria, Moots, Hannah M, Spence, Jeffrey P, Cheronet, Olivia, Zagorc, Brina, Praxmarer, Elisa, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Demetz, Lea, Gelabert, Pere, Fernandes, Daniel, Lucci, Michaela, Alihodžić, Timka, Amrani, Selma, Avetisyan, Pavel, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Bedić, Željka, Bertrand, Audrey, Bilić, Maja, Bondioli, Luca, Borówka, Paulina, Botte, Emmanuel, Burmaz, Josip, Bužanić, Domagoj, Candilio, Francesca, Cvetko, Mirna, De Angelis, Daniela, Drnić, Ivan, Elschek, Kristián, Fantar, Mounir, Gaspari, Andrej, Gasperetti, Gabriella, Genchi, Francesco, Golubović, Snežana, Hukeľová, Zuzana, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Vučković, Kristina Jelinčić, Jeremić, Gordana, Kaić, Iva, Kazek, Kevin, Khachatryan, Hamazasp, Khudaverdyan, Anahit, Kirchengast, Sylvia, Korać, Miomir, Kozlowski, Valérie, Krošláková, Mária, Kušan Špalj, Dora, La Pastina, Francesco, Laguardia, Marie, Legrand, Sandra, Leleković, Tino, Leskovar, Tamara, Lorkiewicz, Wiesław, Los, Dženi, Silva, Ana Maria, Masaryk, Rene, Matijević, Vinka, Cherifi, Yahia Mehdi Seddik, Meyer, Nicolas, Mikić, Ilija, Miladinović-Radmilović, Nataša, Milošević Zakić, Branka, Nacouzi, Lina, Natuniewicz-Sekuła, Magdalena, Nava, Alessia, Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Nováček, Jan, Osterholtz, Anna, Paige, Julianne, Paraman, Lujana, Pieri, Dominique, Pieta, Karol, Pop-Lazić, Stefan, Ruttkay, Matej, Sanader, Mirjana, Sołtysiak, Arkadiusz, Sperduti, Alessandra, Stankovic Pesterac, Tijana, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Teul, Iwona, Tončinić, Domagoj, Trapp, Julien, Vulović, Dragana, Waliszewski, Tomasz, Walter, Diethard, Živanović, Miloš, Filah, Mohamed el Mostefa, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Šlaus, Mario, Borić, Dušan, Novak, Mario, Coppa, Alfredo, Pinhasi, Ron, Pritchard, Jonathan K, Antonio, Margaret L, Weiß, Clemens L, Gao, Ziyue, Sawyer, Susanna, Oberreiter, Victoria, Moots, Hannah M, Spence, Jeffrey P, Cheronet, Olivia, Zagorc, Brina, Praxmarer, Elisa, Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan, Demetz, Lea, Gelabert, Pere, Fernandes, Daniel, Lucci, Michaela, Alihodžić, Timka, Amrani, Selma, Avetisyan, Pavel, Baillif-Ducros, Christèle, Bedić, Željka, Bertrand, Audrey, Bilić, Maja, Bondioli, Luca, Borówka, Paulina, Botte, Emmanuel, Burmaz, Josip, Bužanić, Domagoj, Candilio, Francesca, Cvetko, Mirna, De Angelis, Daniela, Drnić, Ivan, Elschek, Kristián, Fantar, Mounir, Gaspari, Andrej, Gasperetti, Gabriella, Genchi, Francesco, Golubović, Snežana, Hukeľová, Zuzana, Jankauskas, Rimantas, Vučković, Kristina Jelinčić, Jeremić, Gordana, Kaić, Iva, Kazek, Kevin, Khachatryan, Hamazasp, Khudaverdyan, Anahit, Kirchengast, Sylvia, Korać, Miomir, Kozlowski, Valérie, Krošláková, Mária, Kušan Špalj, Dora, La Pastina, Francesco, Laguardia, Marie, Legrand, Sandra, Leleković, Tino, Leskovar, Tamara, Lorkiewicz, Wiesław, Los, Dženi, Silva, Ana Maria, Masaryk, Rene, Matijević, Vinka, Cherifi, Yahia Mehdi Seddik, Meyer, Nicolas, Mikić, Ilija, Miladinović-Radmilović, Nataša, Milošević Zakić, Branka, Nacouzi, Lina, Natuniewicz-Sekuła, Magdalena, Nava, Alessia, Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Nováček, Jan, Osterholtz, Anna, Paige, Julianne, Paraman, Lujana, Pieri, Dominique, Pieta, Karol, Pop-Lazić, Stefan, Ruttkay, Matej, Sanader, Mirjana, Sołtysiak, Arkadiusz, Sperduti, Alessandra, Stankovic Pesterac, Tijana, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Teul, Iwona, Tončinić, Domagoj, Trapp, Julien, Vulović, Dragana, Waliszewski, Tomasz, Walter, Diethard, Živanović, Miloš, Filah, Mohamed el Mostefa, Čaušević-Bully, Morana, Šlaus, Mario, Borić, Dušan, Novak, Mario, Coppa, Alfredo, Pinhasi, Ron, and Pritchard, Jonathan K

Abstract

Ancient DNA research in the past decade has revealed that European population structure changed dramatically in the prehistoric period (14,000–3000 years before present, YBP), reflecting the widespread introduction of Neolithic farmer and Bronze Age Steppe ancestries. However, little is known about how population structure changed from the historical period onward (3000 YBP - present). To address this, we collected whole genomes from 204 individuals from Europe and the Mediterranean, many of which are the first historical period genomes from their region (e.g. Armenia and France). We found that most regions show remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity. At least 7% of historical individuals carry ancestry uncommon in the region where they were sampled, some indicating cross-Mediterranean contacts. Despite this high level of mobility, overall population structure across western Eurasia is relatively stable through the historical period up to the present, mirroring geography. We show that, under standard population genetics models with local panmixia, the observed level of dispersal would lead to a collapse of population structure. Persistent population structure thus suggests a lower effective migration rate than indicated by the observed dispersal. We hypothesize that this phenomenon can be explained by extensive transient dispersal arising from drastically improved transportation networks and the Roman Empire’s mobilization of people for trade, labor, and military. This work highlights the utility of ancient DNA in elucidating finer scale human population dynamics in recent history.

Published
2024

4. The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

Author

Fu, Qiaomei, Posth, Cosimo, Hajdinjak, Mateja, Petr, Martin, Mallick, Swapan, Fernandes, Daniel, Furtwängler, Anja, Haak, Wolfgang, Meyer, Matthias, Mittnik, Alissa, Nickel, Birgit, Peltzer, Alexander, Rohland, Nadin, Slon, Viviane, Talamo, Sahra, Lazaridis, Iosif, Lipson, Mark, Mathieson, Iain, Schiffels, Stephan, Skoglund, Pontus, Derevianko, Anatoly P., Drozdov, Nikolai, Slavinsky, Vyacheslav, Tsybankov, Alexander, Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni, Mallegni, Francesco, Gély, Bernard, Vacca, Eligio, Morales, Manuel R. González, Straus, Lawrence G., Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Constantin, Silviu, Moldovan, Oana Teodora, Benazzi, Stefano, Peresani, Marco, Coppola, Donato, Lari, Martina, Ricci, Stefano, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Valentin, Frédérique, Thevenet, Corinne, Wehrberger, Kurt, Grigorescu, Dan, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Flas, Damien, Semal, Patrick, Mannino, Marcello A., Cupillard, Christophe, Bocherens, Hervé, Conard, Nicholas J., Harvati, Katerina, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Drucker, Dorothée G., Svoboda, Jiří, Richards, Michael P., Caramelli, David, Pinhasi, Ron, Kelso, Janet, Patterson, Nick, Krause, Johannes, Pääbo, Svante, and Reich, David

Published
2016
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5. Das linearbandkeramische Gräberfeld von Kleinhadersdorf

Author

Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine and Lenneis, Eva

Abstract

The publication gives a complete documentation of the old rescue excavations by Josef Bayer and Viktor Lebzelter in 1931 as well as of the systematic investigations of the Neolithic cemetery under the direction of Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer and Christine Neugebauer-Maresch between 1987–1991. The burial customs of this early farming population are analyzed together with the grave goods, which comprise an exceptionally large number of grinding stones, as well as ceramics, bone tools, shell ornaments, chert and traces of red ochre. The results of analyses of anthropological remains pertaining to 57 inhumations − more than half of the bodies were oriented SE-NW and the majority buried in a crouched position on the left side − are complemented by 14C-dates and isotope-analyses.

Published
2015

7. Upper Palaeolithic infant burials

Author

Einwögerer, Thomas, Friesinger, Herwig, Händel, Marc, Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Simon, Ulrich, and Teschler-Nicola, Maria

Published
2006

8. Kammern-Grubgraben. Neue Erkenntnisse zu den Grabungen 1985−1994. Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 100/2016

Author

Maier, Andreas, Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Richter, Jürgen, Hussain, Shumon T., and Einwögerer, Thomas

Subjects
Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), open air site, technology, typology, Kammern-Grubgraben, Lower Austria,Prehistory
Abstract

The open-air site of Kammern-Grubgraben is a rare example of a detailed glimpse of Ice-Age hunter-gatherer lifestyles during the latter part of the last glaciation of the northern hemisphere. Archaeological excavations were initially conducted between 1985 and 1990 (A. Montet-White/F. Brandtner) and from 1993 to 1994 (F. Brandtner/ B. Klíma). After the death of F. Brandtner, however, the inventory of the more recent excavations in the collection went without close examination. In a joint project between the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (Neugebauer-Maresch, Einwögerer) and the University of Cologne (Richter, Hussain) and University of Erlangen (Maier), this extensive find material was comprehensively documented and inventorised for the first time on behalf of the state of Lower Austria (MAMUZ), its legal owner. The contributions of Haesaerts and Damblon as well as Haesaerts et al. supplement this examination with a re-contextualisation and re-interpretation of the chronostratigraphy obtained during the initial excavations.

Published
2016

9. Kammern-Grubgraben. Neue Erkenntnisse zu den Grabungen 1985−1994

Author

Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Einwögerer, Thomas, Richter, Jürgen, Maier, Andreas, Hussain, Shumon T., Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Einwögerer, Thomas, Richter, Jürgen, Maier, Andreas, and Hussain, Shumon T.

Abstract

Die Freilandfundstelle Kammern-Grubgraben zählt zu den wenigen Fundplätzen, die einen Einblick in das Leben der eiszeitlichen Jäger- und SammlerInnen im späten Abschnitt der letzten Vereisung der nördlichen Hemisphäre erlauben. Umfangreiche archäologische Ausgrabungen am Grubgraben fanden erst zwischen 1985 und 1990 (A. Montet-White/F. Brandtner) und von 1993 bis 1994 (F. Brandtner/B. Klíma) statt. Nach dem Tod F. Brandtners im Jahre 2000 verblieb das Fundmaterial der jüngeren Grabungen jedoch unbearbeitet und weitgehend unaufbereitet im Sammlungsbestand. In Zuge eines Kooperationsprojekts des Instituts für Orientalische und Europäische Archäologie der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Neugebauer-Maresch, Einwögerer) mit den Uni-versitäten Köln (Richter, Hussain) und Erlangen (Maier) wurde das Fundmaterial nun erstmals gesamtheitlich gesichtet und für den gesetzlichen Eigentümer, das Land Niederösterreich (MAMUZ), inventarisiert. Dieser Beitrag gibt den derzeitigen Bearbeitungsstand dieser wichtigen Fundinventare wieder und erörtert erste Ergebnisse in ihrem kulturhistorischen Kontext. Die Beiträge von Haesaerts und Damblon sowie Haesaerts et al. in diesem Band fassen die chronostratigrafischen Untersuchungen dieser Altgrabungen zusammen und bemühen sich um eine Neueinordnung und -beurteilung.

Published
2016

10. Kammern-Grubgraben: New Insights into the Excavations 1985-1994

Author

Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Einwoegerer, Thomas, Richter, Juergen, Maier, Andreas, Hussain, Shumon T., Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Einwoegerer, Thomas, Richter, Juergen, Maier, Andreas, and Hussain, Shumon T.

Abstract

The open-air site of Kammern-Grubgraben is a rare example of a detailed glimpse of Ice-Age hunter-gatherer lifestyles during the latter part of the last glaciation of the northern hemisphere. Archaeological excavations were initially conducted between 1985 and 1990 (A. Montet-White/F. Brandtner) and from 1993 to 1994 (F. Brandtner/B. Klima). After the death of F. Brandtner, however, the inventory of the more recent excavations in the collection went without close examination. In a joint project between the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (Neugebauer-Maresch, Einwogerer) and the University of Cologne Richter, Hussain) and University of Erlangen (Maier), this extensive find material was comprehensively documented and inventorised for the first time on behalf of the state of Lower Austria (MAMUZ), its legal owner. The contributions of Haesaerts and Damblon as well as Haesaerts et al. supplement this examination with a re-contextualisation and re-interpretation of the chronostratigraphy obtained during the initial excavations.

Published
2016

11. Radiocarbon Chronology of the Late Palaeolithic Loess Site of Kammern-Grubgraben (Lower Austria). Archaeologia Austriaca|Archaeologia Austriaca Band 100/2016

Author

Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Damblon, Freddy, Haesaerts, Paul, Einwögerer, Thomas, Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine, Damblon, Freddy, Haesaerts, Paul, and Einwögerer, Thomas

Abstract

The open-air site of Kammern-Grubgraben is one of the rare find sites of Late Pleniglacial times. The stratigraphy comprises five archaeological layers, containing a high range of animal bones in addition to the stone implements. As there is nearly no charcoal preserved, carefully selected bones and teeth were used for radiocarbon dating.

Published
2016
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15. The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

Author

Alexander Peltzer, Dorothée G. Drucker, Annamaria Ronchitelli, Stephan Schiffels, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Swapan Mallick, Svante Pääbo, Michael P. Richards, Daniel Fernandes, Martin Petr, Manuel R. González Morales, Marco Peresani, Jiří Svoboda, V. S. Slavinsky, Janet Kelso, David Reich, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Pontus Skoglund, E. Vacca, Francesco Mallegni, Donato Coppola, Oana Teodora Moldovan, Cosimo Posth, Nadin Rohland, Kurt Wehrberger, Anatoly P. Derevianko, Birgit Nickel, A. A. Tsybankov, Viviane Slon, Nicholas J. Conard, Stefano Ricci, Christine Neugebauer-Maresch, Corinne Thevenet, Qiaomei Fu, Lawrence Guy Straus, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Frédérique Valentin, Johannes Krause, Iain Mathieson, Silviu Constantin, Mateja Hajdinjak, Sahra Talamo, Bernard Gély, Renata Grifoni Cremonesi, Dan Grigorescu, David Caramelli, Mark Lipson, Matthias Meyer, Damien Flas, Stefano Benazzi, Alissa Mittnik, Nick Patterson, Iosif Lazaridis, Martina Lari, Hervé Bocherens, Wolfgang Haak, Katerina Harvati, Patrick Semal, Christophe Cupillard, Hélène Rougier, Ron Pinhasi, Marcello A. Mannino, Anja Furtwängler, Nikolai I. Drozdov, Department of Genetics [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Harvard School of Public Health, School of Archaeology [Dublin], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Department of Evolutianory Genetics, Max-Planck-Institut, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Nuffield Department of Medicine, Service régional de l'Archéologie Rhône-Alpes, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Laboratory of Excellence for Financial Regulation (LABEX ReFi), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institutul de Speologie ‘Emil Racoviţă', Str. Frumoasă 31, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Department of Information Engineering [Firenze], U.R. Ecologia Preistorica, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali ', Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum Ulm, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Anthropologie et Préhistoire [Bruxelles], Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, University of Tübingen, Faculty of Science [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Department of Physics, University of Sussex, Department of Animal Biology and Genetics, School of Archaeology, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Centre International de Recherche Archéologique sur la Polynésie (CIRAP), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie (MPI-EVA), University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Department of Archaeogenetics [Jena] (DAG), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente., Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Laboratoire d'Anthropologie et de Préhistoire, Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Univ Tubingen, Senckenberg Ctr Human Evolut & Palaeoecol, Palaeoanthropol, Tubingen, Germany, Laboratorio di Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze], Qiaomei, Fu, Posth, Cosimo, Hajdinjak, Mateja, Petr, Martin, Mallick, Swapan, Fernandes, Daniel, Furtwängler, Anja, Haak, Wolfgang, Meyer, Matthia, Mittnik, Alissa, Nickel, Birgit, Peltzer, Alexander, Rohland, Nadin, Slon, Viviane, Talamo, Sahra, Lazaridis, Iosif, Lipson, Mark, Mathieson, Iain, Schiffels, Stephan, Skoglund, Pontu, Derevianko, Anatoly P., Drozdov, Nikolai, Slavinsky, Vyacheslav, Tsybankov, Alexander, Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni, Mallegni, Francesco, Gély, Bernard, Vacca, Eligio, Morales, Manuel R. González, Straus, Lawrence G., Neugebauer Maresch, Christine, Teschler Nicola, Maria, Constantin, Silviu, Moldovan, Oana Teodora, Benazzi, Stefano, Peresani, Marco, Coppola, Donato, Lari, Martina, Ricci, Stefano, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Valentin, Frédérique, Thevenet, Corinne, Wehrberger, Kurt, Grigorescu, Dan, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Flas, Damien, Semal, Patrick, Mannino, Marcello A., Cupillard, Christophe, Bocherens, Hervé, Conard, Nicholas J., Harvati, Katerina, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Drucker, Dorothée G., Svoboda, Jiří, Richards, Michael P., Caramelli, David, Pinhasi, Ron, Kelso, Janet, Patterson, Nick, Krause, Johanne, Pääbo, Svante, and Reich, David

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Neanderthal, Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Neanderthal genome project, migration, Ancient Modern Humans, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ice Cover, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Modern Humans, Neanderthals, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Ancient DNA, Human migration, Biological Evolution, Founder Effect, Pleistocene, Europe, Ethnology, Female, Ancient DNA, Ancient Modern Humans, Neanderthals, Human, Animals, DNA, European Continental Ancestry Group, Genetics, Population, Human Migration, Humans, Middle East, Selection, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Medicine (all), Archaeogenetics, Time Factor, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Modern Humans, Genetics, Pleistocene, Europe, migration, culture, Europe glaciaire, Population, Socio-culturale, Biology, Article, White People, Prehistory, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], biology.animal, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, education, Population Dynamic, Homo sapiens, Animal, business.industry, culture, 030104 developmental biology, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, business, génome humain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Founder effect
Abstract

Modern humans arrived in Europe ∼45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ∼8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ∼45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between ∼37,000 and ∼14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An ∼35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age ∼19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ∼14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.

Published
2016
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16. Stable population structure in Europe since the Iron Age, despite high mobility.

Author

Antonio ML, Weiß CL, Gao Z, Sawyer S, Oberreiter V, Moots HM, Spence JP, Cheronet O, Zagorc B, Praxmarer E, Özdoğan KT, Demetz L, Gelabert P, Fernandes D, Lucci M, Alihodžić T, Amrani S, Avetisyan P, Baillif-Ducros C, Bedić Ž, Bertrand A, Bilić M, Bondioli L, Borówka P, Botte E, Burmaz J, Bužanić D, Candilio F, Cvetko M, De Angelis D, Drnić I, Elschek K, Fantar M, Gaspari A, Gasperetti G, Genchi F, Golubović S, Hukeľová Z, Jankauskas R, Vučković KJ, Jeremić G, Kaić I, Kazek K, Khachatryan H, Khudaverdyan A, Kirchengast S, Korać M, Kozlowski V, Krošláková M, Kušan Špalj D, La Pastina F, Laguardia M, Legrand S, Leleković T, Leskovar T, Lorkiewicz W, Los D, Silva AM, Masaryk R, Matijević V, Cherifi YMS, Meyer N, Mikić I, Miladinović-Radmilović N, Milošević Zakić B, Nacouzi L, Natuniewicz-Sekuła M, Nava A, Neugebauer-Maresch C, Nováček J, Osterholtz A, Paige J, Paraman L, Pieri D, Pieta K, Pop-Lazić S, Ruttkay M, Sanader M, Sołtysiak A, Sperduti A, Stankovic Pesterac T, Teschler-Nicola M, Teul I, Tončinić D, Trapp J, Vulović D, Waliszewski T, Walter D, Živanović M, Filah MEM, Čaušević-Bully M, Šlaus M, Borić D, Novak M, Coppa A, Pinhasi R, and Pritchard JK

Subjects
Humans, Europe, France, Genetics, Population, Population Dynamics, Human Migration, DNA, Ancient, Genome, Human
Abstract

Ancient DNA research in the past decade has revealed that European population structure changed dramatically in the prehistoric period (14,000-3000 years before present, YBP), reflecting the widespread introduction of Neolithic farmer and Bronze Age Steppe ancestries. However, little is known about how population structure changed from the historical period onward (3000 YBP - present). To address this, we collected whole genomes from 204 individuals from Europe and the Mediterranean, many of which are the first historical period genomes from their region (e.g. Armenia and France). We found that most regions show remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity. At least 7% of historical individuals carry ancestry uncommon in the region where they were sampled, some indicating cross-Mediterranean contacts. Despite this high level of mobility, overall population structure across western Eurasia is relatively stable through the historical period up to the present, mirroring geography. We show that, under standard population genetics models with local panmixia, the observed level of dispersal would lead to a collapse of population structure. Persistent population structure thus suggests a lower effective migration rate than indicated by the observed dispersal. We hypothesize that this phenomenon can be explained by extensive transient dispersal arising from drastically improved transportation networks and the Roman Empire's mobilization of people for trade, labor, and military. This work highlights the utility of ancient DNA in elucidating finer scale human population dynamics in recent history., Competing Interests: MA, CW, SS, VO, HM, JS, OC, BZ, EP, KÖ, LD, PG, DF, ML, TA, SA, PA, CB, ŽB, AB, LB, PB, EB, DB, FC, MC, DD, ID, KE, MF, AG, GG, FG, SG, ZH, RJ, KV, GJ, IK, KK, HK, AK, SK, MK, VK, MK, DK, FL, ML, SL, TL, TL, WL, AS, VM, YC, NM, IM, NM, BM, LN, MN, AN, CN, JN, AO, JP, LP, DP, KP, SP, MR, MS, AS, AS, TS, MT, IT, DT, JT, DV, TW, DW, MŽ, MF, MČ, MŠ, DB, MN, AC, RP, JP No competing interests declared, ZG Reviewing editor, eLife, MB Affiliated with Palisada Ltd. The author has no financial interests to declare, JB, DL Affiliated with Kaducej Ltd. The author has no financial interests to declare, RM Affiliated with Skupina STIK. The author has no financial interests to declare, (© 2024, Antonio, Weiß, Gao et al.)

Published
2024
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