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1. Core-Shell Fe3O4@C Nanoparticles as Highly Effective T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Author

Yue, Huan, primary, Zhao, Dejun, additional, Tegafaw, Tirusew, additional, Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen, additional, Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al, additional, Liu, Ying, additional, Cha, Hyunsil, additional, Yang, Byeong Woo, additional, Chae, Kwon Seok, additional, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Chang, Yongmin, additional, and Lee, Gang Ho, additional

Published
2024
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2. Ultrasmall cerium oxide nanoparticles as highly sensitive X-ray contrast agents and their antioxidant effect

Author

Ali Al Saidi, Abdullah Khamis, primary, Ghazanfari, Adibehalsadat, additional, Baek, Ahrum, additional, Tegafaw, Tirusew, additional, Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen, additional, Zhao, Dejun, additional, Liu, Ying, additional, Yang, Ji-ung, additional, Park, Ji Ae, additional, Yang, Byeong Woo, additional, Chae, Kwon Seok, additional, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Chang, Yongmin, additional, and Lee, Gang Ho, additional

Published
2024
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4. Core-Shell Fe 3 O 4 @C Nanoparticles as Highly Effective T 2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Author

Yue, Huan, Zhao, Dejun, Tegafaw, Tirusew, Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen, Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al, Liu, Ying, Cha, Hyunsil, Yang, Byeong Woo, Chae, Kwon Seok, Nam, Sung-Wook, Chang, Yongmin, and Lee, Gang Ho

Subjects
IRON oxide nanoparticles, CONTRAST media, MAGNETIC resonance imaging
Abstract

Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have been intensively investigated because of their potential biomedical applications due to their high saturation magnetization. In this study, core–shell Fe3O4@C NPs (core = Fe3O4 NPs and shell = amorphous carbons, davg = 35.1 nm) were synthesized in an aqueous solution. Carbon coating terminated with hydrophilic –OH and –COOH groups imparted excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity to the NPs, making them suitable for biomedical applications. The Fe3O4@C NPs exhibited ideal relaxometric properties for T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (i.e., high transverse and negligible longitudinal water proton spin relaxivities), making them exclusively induce only T2 relaxation. Their T2 MRI performance as contrast agents was confirmed in vivo by measuring T2 MR images in mice before and after intravenous injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Dual-purpose tunnel oxide passivated contact on silicon photoelectrodes with high photovoltages for tandem photoelectrochemical devices enabling unassisted water splitting

Author

Moon, Choongman, Alves Martinho, Filipe Mesquita, Jung, Gihun, Koh, Jaehyuk, Assar, Alireza, Nam, Sung Wook, Canulescu, Stela, Shin, Byungha, Moon, Choongman, Alves Martinho, Filipe Mesquita, Jung, Gihun, Koh, Jaehyuk, Assar, Alireza, Nam, Sung Wook, Canulescu, Stela, and Shin, Byungha

Abstract

A tandem photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting device for solar hydrogen production consists of two light absorbers with different bandgaps. Silicon photoelectrodes have been widely investigated as the low bandgap bottom cells of tandem devices because of their bandgap (1.12 eV). Herein, we apply a tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) on the front and back sides of a Si wafer to prepare a TOPCon Si PEC device. Because TOPCon has a SiO2 tunnel oxide layer providing superior surface passivation and working as a diffusion-blocking layer, TOPCon Si photoelectrodes exhibit superior photovoltage and thermal stability. Both photocathode and photoanode are tested over a broad pH range (0-14) and demonstrate high photovoltages of 640-650 mV under 1 sun illumination and excellent thermal stability by enduring a high processing temperature of up to 600 °C for 1 h in air. These advantages of TOPCon Si would provide high efficiency and great design flexibility for monolithic tandem cells. As a preliminary demonstration of the tandem integration, we test two wired tandem PEC devices based on earth-abundant materials, which are a BiVO4 photoanode-TOPCon Si photocathode and halide perovskite photocathode-TOPCon Si photoanode. These devices show STH conversion efficiencies of 0.24 and 3.6%, respectively.

Published
2023

7. Facile Synthesis and X-ray Attenuation Properties of Ultrasmall Platinum Nanoparticles Grafted with Three Types of Hydrophilic Polymers

Author

Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al, primary, Ghazanfari, Adibehalsadat, additional, Liu, Shuwen, additional, Tegafaw, Tirusew, additional, Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen, additional, Zhao, Dejun, additional, Liu, Ying, additional, Yang, So Hyeon, additional, Hwang, Dong Wook, additional, Yang, Ji-ung, additional, Park, Ji Ae, additional, Jung, Jae Chang, additional, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Chang, Yongmin, additional, and Lee, Gang Ho, additional

Published
2023
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9. Flavonoid-Conjugated Gadolinium Complexes as Anti-Inflammatory Theranostic Agents

Author

Yang, Byeong Woo, primary, Yang, Sohyeon, additional, Kim, Soyeon, additional, Baek, Ah Rum, additional, Sung, Bokyung, additional, Kim, Yeoun-Hee, additional, Lee, Jung Tae, additional, Lee, Sang Yun, additional, Kim, Hee-Kyung, additional, Choi, Garam, additional, Park, Ji-Ae, additional, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Lee, Gang-Ho, additional, and Chang, Yongmin, additional

Published
2022
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10. Hemagglutination Assay via Optical Density Characterization in 3D Microtrap Chips.

Author

Nam, Sung-Wook, Jeon, Dong-Gyu, Yoon, Young-Ran, Lee, Gang Ho, Chang, Yongmin, and Won, Dong Il

Subjects
MICROFLUIDIC devices, OPACITY (Optics), BLOOD agglutination, ERYTHROCYTES, LAMINAR flow, BLOOD grouping & crossmatching
Abstract

Hemagglutination assay has been used for blood typing and detecting viruses, thus applicable for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Therefore, the development of microfluidic devices for fast detection of hemagglutination is on-demand for point-of-care diagnosis. Here, we present a way to detect hemagglutination in 3D microfluidic devices via optical absorbance (optical density, OD) characterization. 3D printing is a powerful way to build microfluidic structures for diagnostic devices. However, mixing liquid in microfluidic chips is difficult due to laminar flow, which hampers practical applications such as antigen-antibody mixing. To overcome the issue, we fabricated 3D microfluidic chips with embedded microchannel and microwell structures to induce hemagglutination between red blood cells (RBCs) and antibodies. We named it a 3D microtrap chip. We also established an automated measurement system which is an integral part of diagnostic devices. To do this, we developed a novel way to identify RBC agglutination and non-agglutination via the OD difference. By adapting a 3D-printed aperture to the microtrap chip, we obtained a pure absorbance signal from the microchannels by eliminating the background brightness of the microtrap chip. By investigating the underlying optical physics, we provide a 3D device platform for detecting hemagglutination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based High-Performance Positive and Negative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents.

Author

Tegafaw, Tirusew, Liu, Shuwen, Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen, Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al, Zhao, Dejun, Liu, Ying, Nam, Sung-Wook, Chang, Yongmin, and Lee, Gang Ho

Subjects
CONTRAST media, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, COLLOIDAL stability, MAGNETIC nanoparticles, MAGNETIC properties
Abstract

In recent decades, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted considerable research interest as versatile substances for various biomedical applications, particularly as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Depending on their composition and particle size, most MNPs are either paramagnetic or superparamagnetic. The unique, advanced magnetic properties of MNPs, such as appreciable paramagnetic or strong superparamagnetic moments at room temperature, along with their large surface area, easy surface functionalization, and the ability to offer stronger contrast enhancements in MRI, make them superior to molecular MRI contrast agents. As a result, MNPs are promising candidates for various diagnostic and therapeutic applications. They can function as either positive (T1) or negative (T2) MRI contrast agents, producing brighter or darker MR images, respectively. In addition, they can function as dual-modal T1 and T2 MRI contrast agents, producing either brighter or darker MR images, depending on the operational mode. It is essential that the MNPs are grafted with hydrophilic and biocompatible ligands to maintain their nontoxicity and colloidal stability in aqueous media. The colloidal stability of MNPs is critical in order to achieve a high-performance MRI function. Most of the MNP-based MRI contrast agents reported in the literature are still in the developmental stage. With continuous progress being made in the detailed scientific research on them, their use in clinical settings may be realized in the future. In this study, we present an overview of the recent developments in the various types of MNP-based MRI contrast agents and their in vivo applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. Mono and Multiple Tumor-Targeting Ligand-Coated Ultrasmall Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles: Enhanced Tumor Imaging and Blood Circulation

Author

Ho, Son Long, primary, Yue, Huan, additional, Lee, Sangyeol, additional, Tegafaw, Tirusew, additional, Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen, additional, Liu, Shuwen, additional, Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al, additional, Zhao, Dejun, additional, Liu, Ying, additional, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Chae, Kwon Seok, additional, Chang, Yongmin, additional, and Lee, Gang Ho, additional

Published
2022
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13. The Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking and In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Benzothiazole Aniline (BTA) Conjugated Metal-Salen Complexes as Non-Platinum Chemotherapeutic Agents

Author

Islam, Md. Kamrul, primary, Ha, Seongmin, additional, Baek, Ah-Rum, additional, Yang, Byeong-Woo, additional, Kim, Yeoun-Hee, additional, Park, Hyun-Jin, additional, Kim, Minsup, additional, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Lee, Gang-Ho, additional, and Chang, Yongmin, additional

Published
2022
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14. Polyethylenimine-Coated Ultrasmall Holmium Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicities, and Water Proton Spin Relaxivities

Author

Liu, Shuwen, primary, Yue, Huan, additional, Ho, Son Long, additional, Kim, Soyeon, additional, Park, Ji Ae, additional, Tegafaw, Tirusew, additional, Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen, additional, Kim, Seungho, additional, Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al, additional, Zhao, Dejun, additional, Liu, Ying, additional, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Chae, Kwon Seok, additional, Chang, Yongmin, additional, and Lee, Gang Ho, additional

Published
2022
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16. Enhanced Tumor Imaging Using Glucosamine-Conjugated Polyacrylic Acid-Coated Ultrasmall Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author

Liu, Shuwen, primary, Yue, Huan, additional, Ho, Son Long, additional, Kim, Soyeon, additional, Park, Ji Ae, additional, Tegafaw, Tirusew, additional, Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen, additional, Kim, Seungho, additional, Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al, additional, Zhao, Dejun, additional, Liu, Ying, additional, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Chae, Kwon Seok, additional, Chang, Yongmin, additional, and Lee, Gang Ho, additional

Published
2022
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18. Paramagnetic ultrasmall Ho2O3 and Tm2O3 nanoparticles: characterization of r2 values and in vivo T2 MR images at a 3.0 T MR field

Author

Liu, Shuwen, primary, Tegafaw, Tirusew, additional, Yue, Huan, additional, Ho, Son Long, additional, Kim, Soyeon, additional, Park, Ji-Ae, additional, Baek, Ah Rum, additional, Ahmad, Mohammad Yaseen, additional, Yang, So Hyeon, additional, Hwang, Dong Wook, additional, Kim, Seungho, additional, Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al, additional, Zhao, Dejun, additional, Liu, Ying, additional, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Chae, Kwon Seok, additional, Chang, Yongmin, additional, and Lee, Gang Ho, additional

Published
2022
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20. Neutrophil-derived trail is a proinflammatory subtype of neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles

Author

Youn, Young-Jin, primary, Shrestha, Sanjeeb, additional, Lee, Yu-Bin, additional, Kim, Jun-Kyu, additional, Lee, Jee Hyun, additional, Hur, Keun, additional, Mali, Nanda Maya, additional, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Kim, Sun-Hwa, additional, Lee, Sunwoong, additional, Song, Dong-Keun, additional, Jin, Hee Kyung, additional, Bae, Jae-sung, additional, and Hong, Chang-Won, additional

Published
2021
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23. Study on Heroine Discourse under the Kim Jong Un Regime: Focusing on Articles of Women of Joseon

Author

Lee， Ga-young, Nam Sung Wook, Jin Bae, and Chae， Su Lan

Subjects
Competition (economics), Politics, Power of Women, media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Subject (philosophy), Wife, Gender studies, Form of the Good, Ideal (ethics), media_common, Paternalism
Abstract

For an overview of women`s policy in North Korea, 60 volumes of Women of Joseon (2012.1-2016.12) were subject to analysis. The journal has been the exemplary model that puts across the authority`s policy and explores various types of the heroine to push for a “learn from the heroine campaign.” The heroines in the journal articles can be categorized into five types of ideal womanhood - the hardworking woman, the woman revolutionary, the professional woman, the good wife and wise mother, and the woman supporting the military and volunteering. Those five types are used to examine the policy intentions of the North Korean authorities. The analysis of policy intentions found the collapse of conventional gender-based boundaries of labor areas; the spread of the Stakhanov movement; the propagation of the theory of the great family and paternalism of women; and succession by the third generation and political power of women. Like other socialist states, the North Korea advocates gender equality through policies. However, in reality, it defines its view towards women under its unique propaganda called “Juche Idea”, so that North Korean women are dominated by patriarchal ideology that prioritizes the father (the leader) and are socially restrained to realize themselves within the boundaries of the party and organization. They are also haunted by the male-centered patriarchal view of the family and undertake production activities in the labor force while simultaneously handling housework and childcare. Worse yet, women are faced with hardworking competition, production-quotas, and ideology-learning programs that aim to cover the shortcomings of the social economic system and maximize the use of labor forces causing women to be burdened with a double and even triple whammy.

Published
2017

24. Wafer-scale integration of sacrificial nanofluidic chips for detecting and manipulating single DNA molecules

Author

Wang, Chao, primary, Nam, Sung-Wook, additional, Cotte, John M., additional, Jahnes, Christopher V., additional, Colgan, Evan G., additional, Bruce, Robert L., additional, Brink, Markus, additional, Lofaro, Michael F., additional, Patel, Jyotica V., additional, Gignac, Lynne M., additional, Joseph, Eric A., additional, Rao, Satyavolu Papa, additional, Stolovitzky, Gustavo, additional, Polonsky, Stanislav, additional, and Lin, Qinghuang, additional

Published
2017
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25. Chronic Food Shortages and the Collective Farm System in North Korea

Author

Nam Sung-wook

Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Economics and Econometrics, Economic growth, Sociology and Political Science, business.industry, Economic policy, 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Economic reform, Economic shortage, 02 engineering and technology, Development, 0506 political science, Collective farming, Incentive, Agriculture, Political Science and International Relations, 050602 political science & public administration, Business
Abstract

This article considers the problem of North Korea's collective farms from a micro-institutional perspective. It begins with an analysis of the collective farming system introduced in 1958, the changes in 1966 that allowed for sub-work teams, and the further reform of 1996 that permitted a new work squad system. The normalization of North Korea's agriculture is not just a technological problem; rather, it requires reform of the collective farms and their incentives: the removal of the inefficient elements in the shorter term and the promotion of family farming in the medium to longer term.

Published
2007

26. Fabrication of Sub-20 NM Nanopore Arrays in Membranes with Embedded Metal Electrodes at Wafer Scales

Author

Feng, Yanxiao, primary, Wang, Deqiang, additional, Bai, Jingwei, additional, Nam, Sung-wook, additional, Peng, Hongbo, additional, Bruce, Robert, additional, Gignac, Lynn, additional, Brink, Markus, additional, Waggoner, Phil, additional, Wang, Chao, additional, Guillorn, Mike, additional, Polonsky, Stanislav, additional, Royyuru, Ajay, additional, Rao, Satyavolu Papa, additional, and Stolovitzky, Gustavo, additional

Published
2015
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29. Contrast enhancement behavior of hydrogen silsesquioxane in a salty developer

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Yang, Joel K. W., Berggren, Karl K., Nam, Sung-Wook, Rooks, Michael J., Kim, Hyun-Mi, Lee, Min-Hyun, Kim, Ki-Bum, Sim, Jae Hwan, Yoon, Do Yeung, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Yang, Joel K. W., Berggren, Karl K., Nam, Sung-Wook, Rooks, Michael J., Kim, Hyun-Mi, Lee, Min-Hyun, Kim, Ki-Bum, Sim, Jae Hwan, and Yoon, Do Yeung

Abstract

The authors investigated a contrast enhancement behavior of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) in a salty development system (NaOH/NaCl). Time-resolved analysis of contrast curves and line-grating patterns were carried out to investigate the unique properties of a salty development process. In NaOH developer without salt, the development process was saturated beyond a certain development time. On the other hand, the addition of salt enabled a continuous development, which was not observed in the pure NaOH development. The continuous thinning process enhances the contrast of HSQ in the salty developer, which allows a fast collapsing behavior in HSQ line-grating patterns. During development process, salt seems to have the role of modifying HSQ by breaking network bonds preferentially, leading to a continuous development rate.

Published
2012

30. Understanding of hydrogen silsesquioxane electron resist for sub-5-nm-half-pitch lithography

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berggren, Karl K., Yang, Joel K. W., Cord, Bryan M., Duan, Huigao, Klingfus, Joseph, Nam, Sung-Wook, Kim, Ki-Bum, Rooks, Michael J., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berggren, Karl K., Yang, Joel K. W., Cord, Bryan M., Duan, Huigao, Klingfus, Joseph, Nam, Sung-Wook, Kim, Ki-Bum, and Rooks, Michael J.

Abstract

The authors, demonstrated that 4.5-nm-half-pitch structures could be achieved using electron-beam lithography, followed by salty development. They also hypothesized a development mechanism for hydrogen silsesquioxane, wherein screening of the resist surface charge is crucial in achieving a high initial development rate, which might be a more accurate assessment of developer performance than developer contrast. Finally, they showed that with a high-development-rate process, a short duration development of 15 s was sufficient to resolve high-resolution structures in 15-nm-thick resist, while a longer development degraded the quality of the structures with no improvement in the resolution.

Published
2012

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