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This paper examines Kirzner's contribution to the study of the equilibrating tendency in economics. By analyzing his interpretation of Jevons' law of indifference, we participate in the debate on Kirzner association with neoclassicals when discussing the equilibrating tendency. A reconstruction of Kirzner's use of Jevons' law is conducted, considering his argumentative strategy when presenting the Austrian economics ideas to other professionals in the field. We conclude that Kirzner drew close to neoclassical economics to emphasize the relevance and uniqueness of Austrian economics. By doing so, we highlight the main differences between the two currents of economic thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates Pure Neoclassical economics from a logical standpoint. After discussing validity criteria, it focuses on theoretical individualism, a core foundation of Neoclassical theorizing in all its variants. Careful analysis of this doctrine reveals that, while mathematically valid, it generates many propositional contradictions in all economic and social science theories grounded upon it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic theory has two inter-related, desiderata — valid argumentation, and scientific explanations of relevant realities. This paper explores whether these objectives can be achieved with a widely-deployed form of Neoclassical economics. Applying arguments drawn from logic to this type of theorizing produces far-reaching conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the fact that digital media commodities are easily reproduced once initially produced, this paper explains, against the backdrop of Marxist insights, just how these commodities are produced, distributed, and consumed in the current digital media environment. Working with Marx's definition of the value of commodities as the social labor time required for their production, we can thereby define the value and price of reproduced digital media commodities as zero, but the market price of these commodities as in fact constituting the Marxist monopoly price. These determinations are then supported by a review of the ways valueless digital media goods are commodified in a monopolistic real world. The approach here, borrowing from Marx's research methods, starts from commodity analysis to explain comprehensively the wider political and economic system of capitalism. This viewpoint of the inherent value of media products is foreign to neoclassical economics as well as to mainstream media and communication studies embracing the utility theory of value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Land, Abstraction, and Housing Provision" explores the debate between the nomothetic and idiographic approaches in the social sciences, specifically in the study of housing provision. The author argues for a middle ground that combines both approaches, emphasizing the role of demand in determining land and housing prices. The article addresses criticisms and clarifies the author's position, discussing the historical record of global house prices and the inflationary role of land. The author defends their framework for analyzing housing provision under capitalism, considering the entanglement of rent extraction and capitalist production. They acknowledge the novelty of financialization in the construction industry and see their framework as an ongoing theoretical project. [Extracted from the article]

The second digital wave has positioned artificial intelligence and digital platforms as new general purpose technologies, has driven the emergence of new value sources: prediction and circulation values, and has created a new explanatory phase into the relationship between digitalisation and economy: the digital transition. The governance of the digital transition, fully inserted in globalised capitalism, are not being able to reduce polarisation, economic inequalities, or the worsening environment. The article argues that failure in economic policy is closely linked to failure in political economy. The prevailing neoclassical approach is not being able to comprehensively explain the foundations, behaviour and results of digital economic life. To overcome this limitation, the article proposes a new narrative, the emergence of a new explanatory figure of economic behaviour and exchange. Homo digitalis extends the egotistical, isolated, and rational precepts of Homo economicus, and incorporates the scope of social welfare and environmental sustainability as enabling goals. The main components of Homo digitalis are the emergence of multiple biological, social and virtual identities and worlds; the integration of new forms of artificial and intelligent life into our bodies and minds (transhumanism); and the consolidation of a new egalitarian rule based on the access-platform-collaboration identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Balkan countries undergoing the transition must advance their economies to be more competitive. The aim of this paper is to analyse economic growth with a primary focus on the analysis of economic convergence in the Balkan region in the period of 1997-2020. The research analyses the following Balkan economies: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia. This study applies Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a measure of economic growth and is based on the neoclassical economic growth model: the Solow's convergence concept. The results show that the Balkan countries experienced economic convergence with a speed of 1.82% in the cross-sectional model and 7.87% in the panel data model. It means that the initially less developed economies noted higher economic growth than those richer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitigation policies during the COVID-19 pandemic were justified on benefit-cost-analysis (BCA) grounds, with the value of a statistical life (VSL) measuring the benefit of saving lives. This essay argues that a BCA and VSL framework is not a value-neutral basis for pandemic policy: first because the characterization of labor-market behavior as choices merely regarding money and risk of mortality implicitly endorses those institutions that constrain such choices, as illustrated by pandemic economic conditions; and second because this characterization assumes that individual subjects have exogenous preferences, and accordingly have one "true" valuation, thus ignoring how subjectivity is constituted by capitalist institutions. Such VSL estimates in pandemic scholarship illustrate the search for a single valuation regarding elderly life, whereas the "good" of human life warrants valuation in our capacity as citizens in democratic institutions rather than as market agents. The language of overdetermination highlights the contradictory effects of the mutual constitution of institutions and the individual subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoclassical economics has established itself as the discipline of rational choice. Consequently, under methodological individualism and in the context of consumption, an agent's choice is based on the ordering of preferences determined exogenously, disregarding any emotional, biological influences, or factors from socio-economic dynamics. Therefore, this paper aims to present an alternative framework for the decision-making of economic individuals at a theoretical and formal-mathematical level, grounded in the principles of evolutionary economics and complex adaptive systems. It is argued that the process of making choices in consumption is inherent to social dynamics. From an individual-holistic perspective, the mechanism motivating action can be characterized as an evolutionary algorithm that integrates biological, historical, cultural, social class, and market competition influences as endogenous elements in determining choice and consumption behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keen's fundamental criticism is that Neoclassical economics has developed an abstract theory describing a utopian economy, and that it is unable to explain: "the complex, changing world in which we live" (Keen [6], p. 139). Steve Keen ([6]) has written a book full of passion, which highlights the macroscopic limits of Neoclassical economics and specifies the fundamental points of a Manifesto for a New Economics. Based on the results of the simulations of Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis, Keen concludes that the functioning of an economy making use of bank money is opposite to what is claimed by Neoclassical economics. Some Constructive Comments on Steve Keen's Manifesto for a New Economics: The New Economics: A Manifesto, Steve Keen, Cambridge, Polity, 2022, 140 pp., £12,99, ISBN-10: 1509545298, ISBN-13: 978-1509545292. [Extracted from the article]

Real estate is often the most visible contribution that emigrants add to their home country's landscape. Such properties serve different functions, from rental investments, through migrant families' homes, to holiday homes or empty spaces. Economists often view real estate through financial lens, frowning upon vacant houses. I argue that keeping vacant houses is often caused by social and emotional factors rather than financial ones. This article uses data from 120 qualitative interviews with Polish EU migrants and juxtaposes them with the typology of remittance houses proposed by Boccagni and Erdal. The data, combined with the theoretical perspective of Neoclassical Economics, New Economics of Labour Migration, and Grzymała‐Kazłowska's concept of social anchoring, allow me to improve the typology. The updated typology systematises the functions of and reasons why migrants keep properties in their home countries and provides a sound frame for future research and policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary on Felix Mallin and James Sidaway's (2023) article on 'Critical geoeconomics' returns to the German Historical School of economics to recall their emphasis on geography, history and culture, but also their frequent advocacy for imperial expansion and colonial annexation. It revisits the divide between the Historical School's vision of the world economy and that of Austrian School marginalists and suggests that we can understand geoeconomics as the expression of a desire for sovereignty in an era of mutual interdependence. This response to Felix Mallin and James Sidaway's genealogy of the category of geoeconomics follows them in returning to early‐twentieth century debates in German‐language economics. It suggests that the divorce between geography and economics under neoclassical and neoliberal epistemology can be reconciled through geoeconomics, but that we should remain aware of the risks this entails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to neoliberal hegemony during the last quarter of the twentieth century is generally portrayed as a contest between Hayekians and Keynesians. This portrayal overlooks the brief but potent effervescence of the neo-Malthusian movement. Biologists Garrett Hardin, Paul Ehrlich, and Donella Meadows led a social movement that pursued environmentalist governance wherein scarce resources and population growth were managed by command-and-control instruments, Pigouvian taxation, and coercion. The neoclassical mainstream of economics conceded to the neo-Malthusian upstarts that if a "backstop" energy source was not discovered, then there were indeed "limits to growth," but neoliberals eventually devised alternative environmental frameworks, such as Elinor Ostrom's "commons" and John Dales's "cap-and-trade." The first significant clash between neoliberals and neo-Malthusians came in the form of a bet between Julian Simon and Paul Ehrlich over commodity prices during the 1980s. This article reconstructs the broader context of their confrontation, as well as the theoretical influences on Simon's cornucopian framework of "resourceship." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

n order to analyze the configuration and transformations of tax systems in Latin America, it is essential to know how taxpayers perceive taxes. This article revisits the discussions on economic elites and tax systems in the region in order to explore the tax perceptions of the economic elite in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. Using a positional approach that defines elites according to institutional positions, 23 interviews were conducted with businessmen and businesswomen from Córdoba who participated in the campaign “Córdoba, here we are.” It is highlighted that they occupy heterogeneous positions in the productive structure but hold homogeneous perceptions regarding taxes. In turn, moral and economic critiques of the tax system by businesspeople are identified. The former are expressed from a position of moral representation of businesspeople, while the latter are based on notions of neoclassical expert knowledge and circulate as common sense among the interviewees. It is concluded that moral objections reflect the scope of the agency of the business sector, as the capacity of the business sector to say and be heard on social and political issues. It is also argued that economic critiques express the limits of business sector agency, since the adoption of technical-economic schemes as common sense hinders the thematization of facts, experiences, and subjects outside the concepts of neoclassical economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the themes of neoliberalism, DIY culture, and the use of urban space in contemporary music and art. It discusses the shift from government intervention to market focus in the late 1970s/early 1980s, leading to the financialization of art and a focus on commercial viability. DIY culture emerged as a response, allowing for avant-garde expression and a broad-based approach to aesthetics. After the 2008 financial crash, DIY approaches became more prevalent due to decreased state funding. The article suggests alternative systems, such as basic income provision and cooperative structures, to sustain creativity. It also discusses the challenges faced by experimental music in urban spaces, including gentrification and funding cuts, and the importance of sustainability and alternative funding methods. The collection of papers covers various topics related to DIY culture and the challenges of sustaining radical venues. The overall message is that the arts can provide creative solutions and valuable experiences, particularly in times of crisis. [Extracted from the article]

That legacy media organisations are struggling in this era of global platformisation and datafication is well established. Yet, the power of platforms as well as critiques of them could be seen as being framed and facilitated by the prevailing forms of neoclassical economics. This paper addresses how analysis and planning of data-driven innovation in legacy media organisations could benefit from the perspectives deriving from heterodox economics. Using approaches within heterodox economics as a foundation, we build on two novel conceptual frameworks – innovation commons and cross-innovation systems, where decentralisation of media markets and collaboration between agents on different levels are central. Further, three tools – open data, blockchains and agent-based modelling (ABM) – offer ways to operationalise these frameworks. Central to these tools are further democratisation and growing complexity, openness and dynamism that enable media organisations to identify paths towards data-driven innovation that could improve the competitiveness of the legacy media industry in the platform economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed: The "wellbeing economy" represents a significant departure from the orthodox, neoclassical economic model of rational, utility‐maximising individuals embedded in a growth economy. Emerging approaches to the wellbeing economy draw heavily upon insights from a range of heterodox schools of economic thought; these schools differ in many respects, but all share the central common insight that the economy is best conceived as a social provisioning system for humanity's needs. Methods: This narrative review introduces and summarises key dimensions of a number of these heterodox economic approaches, all of which have had or are likely to have significant implications for wellbeing economics. Their relationship with wellbeing and their resulting approaches to public policy and the Health‐in‐All Policies (HiAP) approach is described and explored. Results: The schools of heterodox economic thought which have had the most impact on the development of approaches to the "wellbeing economy" include ecological economics (including both post‐growth and degrowth economics), feminist economics, and modern monetary theory. Recent developments in the economics of inequality and institutional economics have also been of significance. Yet HiAP approaches represent an attempt to incorporate consideration of health consequences within public policy processes inside the neoclassical economics paradigm, reflecting the reality that social and economic forces are typically the most important determinants of health. WHO's new Health For All approach draws much more directly on the heterodox economics that underpins wellbeing economy thinking. Conclusions: Wellbeing economics offers many attractive features for HiAP—but may not achieve its full potential within conventional economic policy paradigms. Calls to replace cost–benefit analysis with "co‐benefit" analysis are attractive, but face strong practical obstacles. Meanwhile, strong countervailing forces and interests might still thwart achieving the broader goals of wellbeing economics. So What?: Operationalising "wellbeing economy" thinking requires a clear understanding of heterodox economics, and how they can be incorporated into more formal economic analysis. It remains to be seen if HiAP is the right tool by which to implement the new Health For All approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capitalism and slavery debate is among the most significant in world historiography. This essay suggests that its main perspectives still use nation-based approaches and employ analytical categories of classical and neoclassical economics that obscure the very notion of capital. As a result, the material relations of slavery are reduced to the problem of profitability within national or colonial contexts, an approach that depicts the nineteenth-century nexus between slavery and capitalism as a transhistorical one. Against this backdrop, this essay proposes that the rise and fall of slavery can be better understood by examining the changing material composition of capital as well as its equally changing cluster of global circuits. Based on critical value theory, it argues that industrialization consistently reshaped spatial and material relations between town and country, capital and labor, and production and consumption, engendering world geographies of accumulation that both fueled and challenged the reproduction of slave labor in the Americas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the foundations that characterize fully constituted sciences, the article questions the scientific status of economics and discusses why various paradigms coexist within it, whose theoretical and methodological foundations conflict. The first part reviews the cycles of the predominant theoretical currents and analyzes the scientific rigor of the main paradigms; in particular, it examines the inconsistencies and ambiguities of the neoclassical paradigm, which, despite being currently assumed to be dominant, is far from satisfying the basic demands of scientific work. In the second part, the confluence of the different theoretical bodies is discussed, and the class, political, and ideological component of each one is contrasted. To meet the demands imposed by the advancement of economics as a scientific discipline, it must be assumed that economic theories are not politically neutral; that, beyond the preaching of pseudo-neutrality that usually masks apologetic desires, it is necessary to recognize the close relationship that exists between class interests, objectivity, and scientific work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Misak's account is a missed opportunity, for she is surely right that Ramsey's significance for Wittgenstein's philosophical development has not been sufficiently well understood and appreciated. Even if her story about the Ramsey-Wittgenstein exchange plays a central role in Misak's biography, I do not want my misgivings about it to overshadow the fact that her book is in many ways a truly brilliant piece of work. (p. 375) According to Misak, it was Ramsey who made Wittgenstein think of meaning in terms of use, even if Wittgenstein explicitly linked the two only after Ramsey's death: 'Perhaps once the person who kept urging the move was dead, Wittgenstein could drop his defenses and take on the suggestion' (p. 366; cf. also p. 376). [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we develop the idea of the Sraffian Supermultiplier, presenting it as an alternative to traditional neoclassical thought about economic growth and economic policy. Thus, a brief introduction is made about the importance of economic growth for classical economists, followed by the development of Harrod's model and the different solutions that have raised for sorting the problem of instability. Finally, we present the supermultiplier model of Serrano together with international empirical evidence that supports it and some proposals of economic policy are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates in economic policy Much soul-searching in the wake of the Financial Crisis was centered around the question of whether economics and economists can be trusted, respectively, as a science, and as advisors. This ongoing interest among economists, historians and philosophers of economics speaks to the observation that the crisis has renewed those debates and that economics has not yet come to rest. The general criticism that economics failed in predicting the Financial Crisis, explaining its occurrence, and enabling policy recommendations for not only remedying but also preventing such crises in the future was specifically directed at DSGE models based on New Keynesian economics (Galí, [11]; Stiglitz, [20]). Dow identifies a difficulty in this claim by relying on an unjustified distinction between value-laden and ideologically charged heterodox economics and value-free mainstream economics that Hoover seems to embrace with his dismissal. [Extracted from the article]

A common narrative among some behavioural economists and policy makers is that experimental psychology highlights that individuals are more like Homer Simpson than the Mr Spock imagined by neoclassical economics, and that this justifies policies aiming to 'correct' individual behaviours. This narrative is central to nudging policies and suggests that a better understanding of individual cognition will lead to better policy prescriptions. I argue that this Homer economicus narrative is methodologically flawed, and that its emphasis on cognition advances a distorted view of public policies consisting in fixing malfunctioning individuals, while ignoring the characteristics of the socio-economic environment that influence individuals' behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critics argued that the 2007–09 financial crisis was failure of macroeconomics, locating its source in the dynamic, stochastic general-equilibrium model and calling for fundamental re-orientation of the field. Critics exaggerated the role of DSGE models in actual policymaking, and DSGE modelers addressed some criticisms within the DSGE framework. But DSGE modelers oversold their success and even claimed that their approach is the sine qua non of competent macroeconomics. The DSGE modelers and their critics renew an old debate over the relative priority of a priori theory and empirical data, classically exemplified in the Measurement without Theory Debate of the 1940s between the Cowles Commission and the National Bureau of Economic Research. The earlier debate is reviewed for its implications for the recent controversy. In adopting the Cowles-Commission position, some DSGE modelers would essentially straight-jacket macroeconomics and undermine economic science and the pursuit of knowledge in an open-minded, yet critical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using illustrations from research on inequality, this essay makes a case for 'behavioural synthesis', that is the reconciliation between neo‐classical and behavioural economics. Focusing on selected theories of absolute and relative inequality, we first give a brief critique of utilitarian models that emphasize self‐interested income maximization. Their assumptions are then compared to status‐seeking models of competition where income differences are maximized. These are then contrasted to altruism models that consider other‐regarding preferences that encourage less inequality. We emphasize the value of behavioural economic experiments in testing the competing predictions of these models. We conclude that consolidation among assumptions from neo‐classical and behavioural economics is necessary when it comes to understanding inequality and propose strategies on how it can be done. We specifically identify some empirical shortcomings of these key economic theories of inequality: context‐dependency in the Global South, specificity of reference groups and consistency of measurement. We propose several ways forward, including the relaxation of assumptions of rationality in theoretical models and further fieldwork in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balakrishnan has produced a definitive report on the effects of market liberalization and decentralization of governance in the Western Indian region of the Mumbai-Pune economic corridor. Whenever land has an astronomical price, there is an extreme discount that can only be reconciled by taxes on other, non-land activities. (16) True, a self-regulating land market is an economic fallacy, but saying so does not advance an alternative view, such as land value return. [Extracted from the article]

Modigliani considered himself a Keynesian economist, convinced that 'a private enterprise economy using an intangible money needs to be stabilized, can be stabilized, and therefore should be stabilized' (Modigliani [5], p. 1). In the intervening years, Modigliani was confronted with diverse research experiences, which Rancan reconstructs by paying particular attention to Modigliani's scientific network. Antonella Rancan's new book retraces the intellectual path of Franco Modigliani, from his early writings, including the famous article on Keynesian and classical economics (Modigliani [4]), to his contributions of the 1950s and 1960s.[1] In this way, Rancan offers relevant insights into the origins and development of the neoclassical synthesis of Keynesian macroeconomic thinking. [...] I resorted to the help of one of the most brilliant of the Keynesians here, Franco Modigliani [...] When Modigliani had finished sketching the outline of the Keynesian edifice I raised my objections. [Extracted from the article]

But Fontenot's careful interrogation of Jacobs' work leaves little doubt regarding its tight correlation to Hayek's ideas. Despite his neutral tone, Fontenot does here much more than "investigate [the philosophy of non-design's] relationship with design theory": the book de-naturalizes and hence politicizes architecture and urbanism by exposing an ideological grounding that has often been obscured if not thoroughly veiled. More than sixty years after the publication of I The Death and Life of Great American Cities i , the influence of the book and its author Jane Jacobs has not waned. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the resurgence of the Socialist Calculation Debate due to the rise of digital platforms and Big Data. Topics include the historical exchange between Austrian School economists and socialists on economic planning and pricing, with an emphasis on the adaptation of neoclassical economics by socialist proponents; and role of organization with the concept of workers' councils the significance of representation and visualization.

In I Reforming Capitalism for the Common Good: Essays in Institutional and Post-Keynesian Economics i , Charles Whalen provides much needed historical perspective on these alternative currents within the discipline and compellingly demonstrates the ongoing value of heterodox economics. Reforming Capitalism for the Common Good: Essays in Post-Keynesian Economics By Whalen, Charles J.. Indeed, upon reading the Wisconsin institutionalist's work, Keynes wrote that "there seems to be no other economist with whose general way of thinking I feel myself in such general accord.". [Extracted from the article]

Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) have been considered as critical tools in development processes, gaining growing importance in the public policy agenda. We assert that an intersubjective agreement about STI policy has emerged in Latin America from the beginning of the twenty‐first century. This operates as a developmental convention which is based on a hybrid theoretical rationale from neoclassical economics and the innovation systems approach. This process has been analyzed from different perspectives of innovation and political economy studies. However, as far as we know, the role of political parties in the construction and reproduction of STI conventions has not been studied. After illustrating the general assertion with stylized facts from the whole Latin American region, we study the platforms that Uruguayan political parties presented in the national elections between 2004 and 2019. Text analysis techniques show that platforms of both left‐ and right‐wing political parties were embedded in the current STI policy convention. However, critical discrepancies emerge in relation to policy implementation—the positive and negative agendas—which show that there has been political competition regarding the role of the state and of markets. This leads us to conclude that even though one can observe a shared set of building blocks on STI policy and development, there is competition within the current convention, suggesting that any agreement is illusory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates Barbara Wootton's contributions to the discussion and implementation of a welfare system in Britain. It draws both from her theoretical work and her engagement in the public debate, including her interactions with William Beveridge and his welfare plan for post-war Britain. An assessment of Wootton's published and unpublished works allows for correlating her views on economic theory and policy with the role of the state. We claim that Wootton's critique of economic theory and her understanding of reality provided a sound foundation for her policy-making prescriptions, which contributed to a more interventionist perspective of Britain's welfare state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alfred Marshall is often depicted as a pioneer of neoclassical economics almost as if this is a label he embraces and promotes. Yet neoclassical economics is not a category Marshall deploys but a term Thorstein Veblen introduces in characterising Marshall. Veblen coins the term neoclassical to identify an ontological discrepancy in the work of a specific group of his contemporaries, a prominent figure among whom is Marshall. Veblen's view is that Marshall and other neoclassicals discern features of social reality that suggest a tentative recognition of a causal processual social ontology of the type Veblen associates with modern evolutionary approaches and yet also remain staunchly committed to a taxonomic conception of science underpinned by a quite different set of ontological presuppositions. Veblen's assessment of Marshall is brief and assertive. In this paper it is argued that the ontological discrepancy interpretation of Marshall, that Veblen first sketched, can convincingly be filled out, has substantial merit and is of importance in developing an adequate appreciation of Marshall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The household as the primary decision-making unit is founded on classical and neoclassical economics. However, household behaviour changes have been noticeable in the last decade, moving towards more green and sustainable patterns, which have been pronounced in EU countries striving for a more significant share of renewable energy sources (RES) in energy consumption. These behaviours can be attributed to sustainable economics and are an essential part of energy transformation, as they are focused on pro-ecological attitudes, considering both financial activities and those related to caring for the environment and future generations. This article aims to segment energy consumers and to determine what attitudes prevailed in the selected segments and to what extent consumers were pro-ecologically oriented when making decisions regarding RES management before the pandemic and the energy crisis outbreak in Europe. We propose a three-segment model for archetyping household energy consumers in Poland by considering the following groups of factors: environmental and energy goods protection (F1), the mirror effect (F2), and energy and devices profitability (F3). The segments are distinguished based on factor analysis and the fuzzy c-means method. The number of segments is determined based on the cluster validity measure. The presented results prove that the F1 factor plays the leading role in each segment. The percentage of positive responses for each segment, including a migrating group of households, oscillates over 80%. It gives strong hope for retaining sustainable attitudes regardless of the pandemic and energy crisis that occurred in 2022 in the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to critically analyze Environmentally-Adjusted Multifactor Productivity (EAMP), by considering the Classical-Post-keynesian environmental framework Ecological Macroeconomics, integrated with the Evolutionary Environmental Economics. The paper introduces EAMP as rooted in in neoclassical economics and derived from Cobb-Douglas function with natural resources built by Solow (1974). I present theoretical critiques of EAMP's neoclassical assumptions by developing perspectives from heterodox Ecological Macroconomics literature. Finally, I discuss the shortcomings of EAMP's conceptual framework, making specific reference to the policy debate on Porter Hypothesis. The article puts in evidence how the assumptions of constant returns to scale, perfect competition and perfect input substitutability seriously alter the meaning and promise of sustainability policy. The analysis indicates that EAMP is a poor instrument to study complex issues regarding the promotion and effectiveness of green innovations and should therefore be abandoned to face the great challenges regarding the process of ecological transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article implies that the time is ripe for a new paradigm in economic theory comprising classical (Ricardian) and Keynesian elements of analysis. The central Section Five presents the basic equations of classical-Keynesian political economy, the price and the quantity equation, based on three constitutive principles: the classical labour value and surplus principles and the Keynesian principle of effective demand. Subsequently, two employment mechanisms implied in the super-multiplier relation, the classical-Keynesian quantity equation, are mentioned, the internal and the external employment mechanism. Section Seven provides an analysis of the actual situation on the basis of the external employment mechanism, associated with cumulative processes of increasing disequilibria and inequalities. Given this, it ought to be replaced by the internal employment mechanism, allowing for Keynesian employment and distribution policies (Section Eight). However, the internal mechanism can only be implemented if a new world economic order is brought about, based upon a supranational currency, that is, Keynes's bancor, to ensure balance of current account equilibria worldwide. Section Ten sets forth Keynes's social liberalism, the social philosophy underlying classical-Keynesian political economy, the fundamental social ethical value of which is the Common Good. Social Liberalism thus emerges as the alternative to Capitalism and Socialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Industrial Revolution, anthropic intervention on the environment has grown significantly. In addition to the environmental imbalances, this revolution paved the way for an expansion that heavily pressured the planet’s natural resource base. Until the late 1960s, economic theory did not recognize that environmental problems could cause substantial and persistent failures in market economies. From this decade on, the generalization of concern and awareness regarding the environmental damage caused by the vigorous economic and technological development in progress began. The backdrop for new reflections lies in the transformations imposed by the structural and systemic crisis of the dominant production system, especially in the 1970s, with the ecological crisis motivating new accommodations for conventional analyzes or structural ruptures. This essay proposes to bring to the theoretical debate the construction of two important analytical matrices in understanding the economy-nature relationship: studies of neoclassical orientation, with developments after the crisis of the 1970s, and the paradigm of Ecological Economics. Additionally, notes and reflections are made that guide the propositions to face the ongoing climate crisis in the light of these matrices. Bibliographical research was carried out on the subject in question, with the aim of establishing a theoretical framework capable of responding to the objective of the research. Based on this framework, the foundations of neoclassical economics are presented and the subsequent attempt to incorporate environmental issues by the traditional economic mainstream, as well as the perspective of the epistemological rupture and systemic analysis of Ecological Economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological change is one of the most important forces shaping modern society. Which perspectives can help us understand technological change, especially from a political economy lens? The first part of this article provides a basic overview of debates that shaped this scientific field, starting with nineteenth century British political economy. Liberal political economists as well as their critics of the time both saw the machinery question as a paramount challenge to British society, especially with regard to the problem of technological unemployment. The second part of the article turns to neoclassical economics and the conceptual tools that it uses to understand technology. Critiques of the neoclassical approach are also included, of which Schumpeter’s critique is the most important. The third part of the article turns to the contemporary literature on “skill-biased technological change” which rewards those that have the skills that complement digital technology and punishes those that do not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grieve Chelwa, Darrick Hamilton, and Avi Green explain how existing accounts of capitalism systematically neglect racial identity group stratification. Their approach points to an important comparative dimension and two significant research agendas that could supplement their arguments. First would be to inquire into the role that equal respect plays in pushing back against stratification. Second would be to investigate how other aspects of social norms may have consequences too, perhaps drawing insights from a new body of research on racial stratification that draws upon Marxian and neoclassical economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]