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In this study, the effects of NbC inoculants on the elastic properties and microstructure of laser blown powder-directed energy deposition (LBP-DED) IN718 are investigated. The addition of the NbC particles increased the volume fraction of MC-type carbides and decreased that of the Laves phase. It was found that the inoculant containing samples exhibited a marginally increased hardness and an enhanced Brass texture component {110} . The occurrence of this textural enhancement is theorised to be a result of the NbC restricting dendritic growth along specific directions during build. The addition of the inoculant therefore offers a method of achieving a degree of microstructural and textural control during additive manufacturing

beneficiary":2 the interest theory, the benefit theory, the agency cases, and the consideration theory. This article is concerned with the first of these theories, and in particular with the role played within that theory by the concepts of use and trust. The interest theory, as Palmer puts it, "was typically expressed in the statement, 'He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action"'.3 "Under this theory assumpsit functioned somewhat as a tort remedy for the beneficiary's damages": an action for the beneficiary was justified upon the basis that "non-performance of the promise caused an injury to his interest, and he should receive compensation".4 And in addition, the beneficiary's interest in the performance of the promise might be conceptualized as the enforcement of a "use" created by the promise. Although these were ordinary promises that contained no express use, this implied use in favor of the beneficiary apparently placed a property foundation under the claim in assumpsit. The beneficiary's interest in the promise was thus conceived as his property.

It is the purpose of this article to draw attention to the case of Dudley v. Ellis (1559), * discovered in the record of the Court of Chancery while searching for trust cases in the years after the Statute of Uses. Together with the now famous case of Bertie v. Herenden (1560),1Dudley v. Ellis provides a vivid illustration of the role which trusts might play in times of trouble.

A series of SAW filters with bandpass characteristics optimized for digital transmission has been developed for use in the Defense Satellite Communication System (DSCS). Features of the SAW filters, then implementations into the system, and results of system tests are described. A spectrum efficiency 30 percent greater than by competing techniques is achieved.