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Bigdata is a potential instrument to transform traditional governance into smart governance. There are a long debate and discussion on the application of big data for the transformation of traditional public administration to modern and smart public administration in the academician, researchers, and policymakers. This study aims to explore the suitability and applicability of big data for smart governance of public agencies. A systematic review of literature and metaanalysis method is employed with various levels of scales and indicators. Literature survey shows that a number of models have been developed to explain smart governance but systematic research on the suitability and applicability of big data for smart governance of public agencies is still lacking. This article argues that the application of big data for smart governance in the public sector can increase the efficiency of the public agencies fastest public service delivery, enhancing transparency, reducing public hassle and helping to the become a smart agency. This paper further argues that implementation of big data for smart governance has a significant role in timely, error-free, appropriate and costeffective service delivery to citizens which leads to the sustainable economic development of a country. The findings suggest that every public-sector agency should be brought under smart governance which should be a fully promoted under big data technologies for easy access, transparent and accountable, and hassle-free public agencies

Media access is one of the most significant aspects of the media scenario due to the rapidly changing nature of the today's media. Digital inequality as a concept defines the unequal distribution of ICT and the increasing gap in the knowledge that is produced by the information that is spread through internet.But,the lack of access to traditional media such as newspapers and television is studied less due to the accepted fact of everyone having access to it. During the course of data collection for the research,it was noted by the researcher that many people did not want to participate in the survey stating the lack of access to newspaper or lack of interest in newspapers.In order to validate the information received; this research was conducted to understand the access and the use of different media in Sikkim, a total of 150 respondents were asked about their media access and habits.The results show that most people do read newspapers but only occasionally and that people prefer social media and internet more compared to traditional media.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2006 on a vertisol to study the effect of potassium and sulphur on yield and yield parameters of onion and chilli intercrops grown with four levels of potassium (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg K2O ha-1) and three levels of sulphur (0, 15 and 30 kg S ha-1). Yield and yield attributes of onion and chilli increased with the individual application of 100 kg K2O ha-1 and 30 kg S ha-1. The combined application of 100 K2O and 30 kg S ha-1 recorded the maximum yield of both onion (19.52 t ha-1) and chilli (3.90 q ha-1) and also onion equivalent yield (23.42 t ha-1) of the intercropping system

Nanoparticles have addressed many challenges in science and technology and wood science research is one such field that has benefitted from application of metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles that are commercially available for wood protection are synthesised by physical and chemical methods which produces toxic by-products and are expensive. The current study deals with a new approach for utilization of metal nanoparticle for wood protection in an ecofriendly and cost effective way. Metal nanoparticles were synthesised using plant extracts that are known to have wood preservative properties. The synergistic effects of the intrinsic property of plant extracts along with the biocidal property of metal nanoparticles were utilized. Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesised using leaf extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata), Lantana (Lantana camara) and extract of orange peel (Citrus reticulata). The effectiveness of the synthesised plant extract and copper oxide nanoparticle formulation is tested against wood decay fungi using agar mixed with the test substance. Graveyard test is employed to assess the effect of the copper oxide nanoparticle formulation against termites. Preliminary results are promising and studies are progressing to develop a stable and environmentally benign wood preservative formulation of metal nanoparticles and plant extracts.

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2006 on black clay soil to study the effect of potassium and sulphur on onion and chilli intercrops in a vertisol with four levels of potassium (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg K 2 O ha ?1 ) and three levels of sulphur (0, 15 and 30 kg S ha ?1 ). The significantly higher uptake of N, P, K and S by onion plant as well as shoot and fruit portion of chilli were observed with the individual application of potassium @ 100 kg K 2 O ha ?1 and sulphur @ 30 kg S ha ?1 .

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2006 on black clay soil to study the effect of potassium and sulphur on onion and chilli intercrops in a vertisol with four levels of potassium (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg K 2 O ha ?1 ) and three levels of sulphur (0, 15 and 30 kg S ha ?1 ). Quality parameters of both onion and chilli increased with the individual application of 100 kg K 2 O ha ?1 and 30 kg S ha ?1 . The quality parameters of onion like pyruvic acid content, total soluble solids and keeping quality and the quality parameters of chilli like total extractable colour and ascorbic acid content were recorded maximum with the combined application of 100 kg K 2 O plus 30 kg S ha ?1 .

This paper presents the Nano cavity Implementation of the biosensors in the detection of melanoma cancer tissue. The key challenge in the work is to provide the accuracy for the biosensors and the results are obtained. The developed design shows a path advancing field of medical aspects with the development of Nano plasmon technologies. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology is used, the concept depends on the refractive index of the selected slab layer. The refractive index material of the normal cancer by comparing it with the refractive index of the melanoma cancer tissue in order to know the tissue is cancerous are non-cancerous. Sensitivity for different sensor design is investigated. The overall highest sensitivity obtained is 300 nm/RIU for 1550 nm of wavelength.

Visual signal processing in human beings occurs in the occipital lobe of the brain. The signals that are generated in the brain are universal for all the human beings and they are called Visual Evoked Potential (VEP). Generally, the visually impaired people lose sight because of severe damage to only the eyes natural photo sensors, but the occipital lobe will still be functioning. In this paper, a technique of artificially generating VEP is proposed to enhance the visual ability of the subject. The system uses the electrical photoreceptors to capture image, process the image, to detect and recognize the subject or object. This voltage is further processed and can transmit wirelessly to a BIOMEMS implanted into occipital lobe of the patient's brain. The proposed BIOMEMS consists of array of electrodes that generate the neuron potential which is similar to VEP of normal people. Thus, the neurons get the visual data from the BioMEMS which helps in generating partial vision or sight for the visually challenged patient., {"references":["Suraj H, Bhavyabhushan Yadav. A. V, \"The use of VLSI to Generate Vision in Blind People using suitable Neuroprosthesis Implant of BIOMEMS in Brain\" IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering 2011.","Mohammed Mojarradi, \"Miniaturized Neuroprosthesis Suitable for Implantation into Brain\" IEEE transaction on neuro system and rehabilitation engineering, March 2009.","Mehrdad Fatourechi, Ali Bashashati, Rabab K. Ward and G. E. Birch, \"EMG and EOG Artifacts in Brain Computer Interface Systems: A survey\", Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 118, No. 3, pp. 480-484, Mar. 2007.","Clark T.-C Nguyen, \"MEMS Technology for Timing and Frequency Control\", IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 54, no. 2, february 2007.","Rangaraja. M. Rangayanan, \"Biomedical Signal Processing Analysis. A case study Approach\" .IEEE Press.","T. Singh, \"Face Recognition Based on PCA Algorithm\", Special Issue of International Journal of Computer Science & Informatics, ISSN (PRINT): 2231–5292, Vol.- II, Issue-1, pp. 221-225."]}

Cotton is still the principal commercial crop touching the country’s economy at several points. It is also an important commercial crop of Karnataka and cultivated on an area of 4.78 lakh ha with a production of 6.77 lakh bales (Anonymous, 2003). With the introduction of high yielding and fertilizer responsive varieties, the practices of using large amounts of high analysis macronutrient fertilizers with much decreased use of organic manures and little recycling of crop residues led to micronutrient hunger in many crops. Generally the need of the micronutrients has been essentially and entirely met through its native reserve in the soil (Singh, 1999), Inspite of liberal application of N, P and K fertilizers, normal growth of high yielding varieties of crop could not be achieved due to little appreciation of the use of secondary and micronutrients. High fertilizer responsive varieties can express their full yield potential only when limiting trace elements fertilizers are also applied along with NPK fertilizers. Since, information on economic aspects of production of cotton (RAHB-87) is lacking in northern transitional zone (Zone-8) of Karnataka, the present study was carried out to know the optimum dose of nutrients, required to produce maximum yield which economically viable. A field experiment was conducted on medium black soil having initial organic carbon content of 0.58 per cent, pH 7.30, available nitrogen phosphorus and potassium content of soil were 315, 22.0, 390 kg/ha, respectively. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design in 3 replications with nine treatment combinations. Results revealed that treatment (T 9 ) receiving combined application of sulphur, iron, zinc each at 50 kg per ha recoded highest seed cotton yield (25.12 q/ha) which was on par with treatment (T 8 ) receiving combined application of sulphur, iron and zinc each at 25 kg per ha. These two treatments were significantly superior over control. Economic analysis of the system revealed that, Economics analysis on yield of cotton as influenced by sulphur and micronutrients

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among the undergraduates, interns and postgraduate students.Methods: This was a cross sectional study done among the undergraduates, interns and post graduate medical students at Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi using a pre-validated questionnaire that included 20 questions to evaluate the participants knowledge and perception of ADR and pharmacovigilance. The questionnaire was distributed to the participants (n=606) after taking their informed consent. The data was compiled and evaluated as percentages.Results: About 52% of the participants were aware of pharmacovigilance and 38.7% knew about the purpose of pharmacovigilance programme of India. 51% of the participants have experienced ADRs during their professional practice out of which 23% have reported to the pharmacovigilance centre. The most common barrier for under-reporting was lack of time to report ADR among 34% of the participants. 31% of the participants felt that managing patient was more important than reporting ADRs. 29% of the participants gave the reason as lack of access to ADR reporting forms. 25% of the participants had difficulty to decide whether ADR has occurred or not.Conclusions: Our study strongly suggests a greater need to create an awareness among undergraduate medical students, interns and postgraduate students to improve the reporting of ADRs.