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2. Letters

Author

Warren, Margaret, Hopper, Sandra, Perinelli, Marguerite R., Holleran, Connie, Sager, Eileen B., Farkas, Carol Garner, DeLono, Nancy, Christman, Luther, Fagir, Claire M., Fischer, Lorene R., Diers, Donna, Fahy, Ellen T., Ford, Loretta C., Grace, Helen K., Mauksch, Ingeborg G., Smith, Gloria R., Wilson, Ruby L., MacPhail, Jannetta, Murphy, Marion I., Styles, Margretta M., Patterson, Debbie, Levis, Eileen H., Hart, Karen A., Musser, Debora A., Livesay, Joan, Acee, Anna M., Coyle, Susan B., Hoefel, Frederick, Clark, Margaret, Fitzgerald, Anne M., Loewy, Erich H., Baumann, Linda, Lapham, Anne M., Howard, Josie, Barker, Elizabeth R., Gosline, Emilie A., Sprehe, Fonda, Wendt, Roselyn L., Hicks, Sara Jane, Wilson, Thena, Bush, James, and Stinnie, Lillie

Published
1979
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3. Letters

Author

Tesfa, Asrat, Swanson, Maggie, Kobrin, Sonia, Hassid, Patricia, Price, Elmina M., Donovan, Sue, Murphy, Marion I., Teget, Gayle D., Dzurec, Laura Cox, Malone, Judy A., Beardslee, Nancy, Stacklum, Margaret M., and Wahl, Margaret W.

Published
1981
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6. Activation of human eosinophils with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs): importance of the actin cytoskeleton in Pd NPs-induced cellular adhesion

Author

Denis Girard, P. Chhay, Y. Samson, and Maxime Murphy-Marion

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Metal Nanoparticles, Apoptosis, Toxicology, Cell Line, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Adhesion, Fluorescence microscope, medicine, Humans, Propidium iodide, Cell adhesion, Cytoskeleton, Cells, Cultured, Cytochalasin D, Pharmacology, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Medicine, Adhesion, respiratory system, Actin cytoskeleton, 3. Good health, Eosinophils, Actin Cytoskeleton, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Biophysics, Palladium
Abstract

Palladium (Pd) is known to be released into the environment in the fine and ultrafine (at the nanoscale) airborne particle fractions mainly from automobile catalytic converters leading to an increase human exposure to this noble metal. It was reported that Pd can induce allergic reactions in individuals exposed to it via different ways. Some studies reported an increased number of eosinophils into airways following NP exposure in vivo in rodent models of allergies and inflammation. Knowing the importance of eosinophils in allergies, asthma and other lung diseases, it is surprising to observe that the direct effect of Pd at the nanoscale in eosinophils has been poorly documented. The aim of this study was to determine how Pd NPs will affect the biology of human eosinophils. Characterization of Pd NPs by dynamic light scattering indicates the presence of some aggregates when suspended in diverse solutions used here for the different experiments. Pd NPs did not significantly induce cell necrosis and apoptosis in eosinophils (0.5–150 μg/ml) as assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay, flow cytometry after staining with FITC-annexin V and propidium iodide and by morphological observations by optical microscopy. PD NPs, unlike the positive controls, did not induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) but were found to target the actin cytoskeleton, since actin was differently re-located intracellularly when compared to untreated cells as determined by fluorescence microscopy. Clearly, Pd NPs were found to increase adhesion of eosinophils onto human endothelial EA.hy926 cells. Using cytochalasin D, a cell-permeable and potent inhibitor of actin polymerization, this ability to increase adhesion was drastically reversed. Our results indicate that Pd NPs can target the cytoskeleton and increase the adhesion of human eosinophils by an actin-dependent mechanism. These findings show that human eosinophils can be activated by Pd NPs emphasizing the importance of fully investigating how these NPs could alter the biology of human cells involved in allergies, asthma and other lung diseases as well as in various other inflammatory disorders.

Published
2018

7. Activation of human AML14.3D10 eosinophils by nanoparticles: Modulatory activity on apoptosis and cytokine production

Author

Claudie Noël, Valérie Lavastre, Francis Vallières, Maxime Murphy-Marion, Denis Girard, and Jean-Christophe Simard

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Chemokine, Silver, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Metal Nanoparticles, Apoptosis, Inflammation, Toxicology, Cell Line, Immunomodulation, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cytotoxic T cell, Interleukin 8, Cytoskeleton, Lamin Type B, biology, Caspase 3, Chemistry, Rats, Cell biology, Eosinophils, Zinc, 030104 developmental biology, Cytokine, Proteolysis, biology.protein, medicine.symptom, Lamin
Abstract

Eosinophilic inflammation is frequently observed in response to nanoparticle (NP) exposure in airway rodent models of allergies where the number of eosinophils is increased in lungs. Despite this, it is surprising that the potential cytotoxic effect of NP, as well as their direct role on eosinophils is poorly documented. The present study investigated how different NP can alter the biology of the human eosinophilic cell line AML14.3D10. It was found that among NP forms of CeO2, ZnO, TiO2, and nanosilver of 20 nm (AgNP20) or 70 nm (AgNP70) diameters, only ZnO and AgNP20 induced apoptosis. Caspases-7 and -9 were not activated by the tested NP while caspase-3 was activated by AgNP20 only. However, both ZnO and AgNP20 induced cytoskeletal breakdown as evidenced by the cleavage of lamin B1. Using an ELISArray approach for the simultaneous detection of several analytes (cytokines/chemokines), it was found that only ZnO and AgNP20 increased the production of different analytes including the potent pro-inflammatory CXCL8 (IL-8) chemokine. From the data here, we conclude that toxic effects of some NP could be observed in human eosinophil-like cells and that this could be related, at least partially, by induction of apoptosis and production of cytokines and chemokines involved in inflammation. The results of this study also indicate that distinct NP do not activate similarly human eosinophils, since ZnO and AgNP20 induce apoptosis and cytokine production while others such as TiO2, CeO2, and AgNP70 do not.

Published
2016

8. Antibiotic prescribing in primary care, adherence to guidelines and unnecessary prescribing - an Irish perspective

Author

Murphy Marion, Bradley Colin P, and Byrne Stephen

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Information about antibiotic prescribing practice in primary care is not available for Ireland, unlike other European countries. The study aimed to ascertain the types of antibiotics and the corresponding conditions seen in primary care and whether general practitioners (GPs) felt that an antibiotic was necessary at the time of consultation. This information will be vital to inform future initiatives in prudent antibiotic prescribing in primary care. Methods Participating GPs gathered data on all antibiotics prescribed by them in 100 consecutive patients’ consultations as well as data on the conditions being treated and whether they felt the antibiotic was necessary. Results 171 GPs collected data on 16,899 consultations. An antibiotic was prescribed at 20.16% of these consultations. The majority were prescribed for symptoms or diagnoses associated with the respiratory system; the highest rate of prescribing in these consultations were for patients aged 15–64 years (62.23%). There is a high rate of 2nd and 3rd line agents being used for common ailments such as otitis media and tonsillitis. Amoxicillin, which is recommended as 1st line in most common infections, was twice as likely to be prescribed if the prescription was for deferred used or deemed unnecessary by the GP. Conclusion The study demonstrates that potentially inappropriate prescribing is occurring in the adult population and the high rate of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents is a major concern. This study also indicates that amoxicillin may be being used for its placebo effect rather than specifically for treatment of a definite bacterial infection.

Published
2012
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10. Interaction éosinophiles humains-nanparticules: focus sur la capacité du dioxyde de titane (TI02) pour induire l'adhérence

Author

Murphy-Marion, Maxime and Murphy-Marion, Maxime

Abstract

L’industrialisation des nanoparticules (NPs) soulève d’importantes considérations toxicologiques puisqu’une grande partie de la population se voit exposée aux NPs. Une des NPs prototypes la plus abondamment étudiée est le dioxyde de titane (TiO2). Certaines études ont démontré que des NPs augmentent le recrutement des éosinophiles (Eos) en plus d’exacerber les symptômes de l’asthme chez la souris. Par contre, peu d’études rapportent les effets directs des NPs sur la biologie des Eos. Dans ce mémoire, nous voulons déterminer si certaines NPs peuvent altérer certaines fonctions importantes des Eos humains, comme l’adhésion. Nous avons étudié une dizaine de NPs différentes, dont près de la moitié provoquent une augmentation de l’adhésion des Eos sur un tapis cellulaire, les NPs de TiO2 démontrant la plus grande activité. Les niveaux d’expression des différentes molécules d’adhésion ont été mesurés, et des expériences de type westerns blots, avec des inhibiteurs pharmacologiques, ont mis en évidence les voies d’activations importantes. Nos résultats suggèrent que la NP de TiO2 active les voies signalétiques du p38 et de AkT dans le processus d’adhésion. Enfin, cela permet de mieux comprendre les effets des NPs sur la physiologie des Eos et de voir que les NPs agissent de différente façon sur la biologie des Eos. The industrialisation of nanoparticles (NPs) raises awareness from a toxicological perspective. In fact, a majority of the population is exposed to NPs, hence the importance of this study. One of the most abundant NP that has been studied over the years is the titanium dioxide (TiO2). Studies have shown that NPs increase eosinophils (Eos) recruitment as well as exacerbate asthmatic symptoms in mice. On the other hand, the effect of TiO2 on human Eos have not been investigated yet. In this master's dissertation, NPs have shown to alter important functions among Eos particularly the adhesion. Among ten or so NPs studied, half of them increase the adhesi

Published
2017

12. Letters

Author

Boccuzzi, Nancy, Pfifferling, Ilana, Nichols, Donna, Raff, Beverly, Hall, Pat, Murphy, Marion I., Bodenheimer, Arthur, and Macke, Mary K.

Published
1980
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15. Committee on Professional Education

Author

Murphy, Marion I., Parran, Thomas, Reader, George G., Whayne, Tom F., Mattison, Berwyn F., Boatman, Ralph H., Galagan, Donald J., Hume, John C., Hyde, Henry Van Zile, Kiker, John E., Riche, W. Harding Le, Mayes, W. Fred, and Smith, Charles E.

Subjects
Journal Departments: Committee Reports, Education, Professional, Public Health, General Medicine
Published
1965

16. Hemoglobin Affinity for Oxygen in Chronic Renal Disease: The Effect of Hemodialysis

Author

Lichtman, Marshall A., Murphy, Marion S., Byer, Barbara J., and Freeman, Richard B.

Abstract

The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen may increase significantly in subjects who are hypophosphatemic and alkalotic. We studied the organic phosphate content and oxygen binding by hemoglobin of red cells in subjects undergoing hemodialysis, during which time a decrease in plasma inorganic phosphate and an increase in blood pH may occur. Red cell 2,3-DPG was not correlated with plasma inorganic phosphorus, whereas red cell ATP was highly correlated with plasma inorganic phosphorus when analyses were made on predialysis samples. Predialysis red cell inorganic phosphorus was highly correlated with plasma inorganic phosphorus, supporting the concept that intraerythrocytic inorganic phosphorus is maintained by a gradient from plasma to cell. Plasma inorganic phosphorus decreased by 45% during the period of hemodialysis, whereas red cell inorganic phosphorus did not change. Red cell 2,3-DPG, ATP, and oxygen binding by hemoglobin at standard conditions of temperature, pH, and pCO2 were not altered after 6 hr of hemodialysis. Plasma pH and base excess increased during dialysis. The increase in base excess, an estimate of the non-pH-dependent effect of CO2 on oxygen binding by hemoglobin, counterbalanced a portion of the effect of elevated pH on hemoglobin— oxygen affinity under in vivo conditions. Hence, only a slight increase in oxygen binding by hemoglobin occurred. Moreover, late dialysis symptoms were not associated with the degree of alkalosis or with the extent of change in hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen. Red cell 2,3-DPG content was lower and hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen was higher in subjects with chronic renal disease than in nonazotemic subjects with similar hemoglobin deficits. Moreover, increased red cell ATP in chronic renal disease patients did not influence oxygen binding by hemoglobin.

Published
1974
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19. Medical School Libraries

Author

Murphy, Marion A.

Subjects
Schools, Libraries, Medical, Libraries, Articles, Schools, Medical
Published
1952

28. Committee on Professional Education

Author

Reader, George G., primary, Trussell, Ray E., additional, Whayne, Tom F., additional, Mattison, Berwyn F., additional, Boatman, Ralph H., additional, Galagan, Donald J., additional, Hyde, Henry Van Zile, additional, Kiker, John E., additional, Mayes, W. Fred, additional, Murphy, Marion I., additional, Parran, Thomas, additional, and Smith, Charles E., additional

Published
1964
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31. Report of the Committee on Health Manpower, 1970

Author

Smith, Quentin M., primary, Boatman, Ralph H., additional, Boston, Roy J., additional, Gallagher, Joseph A., additional, Graber, Ralph C., additional, Hines, Ralph, additional, Hiscock, William McC., additional, Murphy, Marion, additional, Simpson, Donald F., additional, and Webster, Robert G., additional

Published
1971
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33. Committee Reports: Committee On Health Manpower

Author

Webster, Robert G., primary, Yerby, Alonzo S., additional, Mattison, Berwyn F., additional, Clark, Duncan, additional, Frankel, John M., additional, Goerke, Lenor, additional, Mase, Darrel J., additional, Murphy, Marion, additional, Salvato, Joseph A., additional, Simpson, Donald F., additional, and James, George, additional

Published
1968
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34. Committee Reports: Committee on Evaluation and Standards

Author

Murphy, Marion I., primary, Neter, Erwin, additional, Olson, Theodore A., additional, Press, Edward, additional, Steele, James H., additional, Yerby, Alonzo S., additional, Yoder, Franklin D., additional, Mattison, Berwyn F., additional, Byers, Dohrman H., additional, Huenemann, Ruth L., additional, Kilcawley, Edward J., additional, Knutson, Andie L., additional, Langmuir, Alexander D., additional, Mitchell, George E., additional, Morre, Felix E., additional, and Hilbert, Morton S., additional

Published
1967
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38. Committee on Professional Education

Author

Parran, Thomas, primary, Mattison, Berwyn F., additional, Bierman, Jessie M., additional, Boatman, Ralph H., additional, Coker, Robert E., additional, Galagan, Donald J., additional, Mason, Karl M., additional, Mayes, W. Fred, additional, Murphy, Marion I., additional, Reader, George G., additional, Trussell, Ray E., additional, and Whayne, Tom F., additional

Published
1963
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40. Committee on Evaluation and Standards

Author

Mitchell, George E., primary, Mosley, Kirk T., additional, Murphy, Marion I., additional, Neter, Erwin, additional, Schuman, Leonard M., additional, Yerby, Alonzo S., additional, Yoder, Franklin D., additional, Mattison, Berwyn F., additional, Ciocco, Antonio, additional, Cralley, Lewis J., additional, Davens, Edward, additional, Domke, Herbert R., additional, Kilcawley, Edward J., additional, Knutson, Andie L., additional, Langmuir, Alexander D., additional, and Hilbert, Morton S., additional

Published
1966
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41. Committee on Professional Education

Author

Parran, Thomas, primary, Mattison, Berwyn F., additional, Bierman, Jessie M., additional, Boatman, Ralph H., additional, Coker, Robert E., additional, Felix, Robert H., additional, Galagan, Donald J., additional, James, George, additional, Mason, Karl M., additional, Murphy, Marion I., additional, Reader, George G., additional, and Trussell, Ray E., additional

Published
1962
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