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1. Operational issues in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 1998-99

Author

Msellati Philippe, Hingst Gepke, Kaba Fanta, Viho Ida, Welffens-Ekra Christiane, and Dabis François

Subjects
HIV infections/therapy, HIV infections/diagnosis, HIV-1/immunology, HIV seropositivity, Disease transmission, Vertical/prevention and control, Breast feeding/adverse effects, Pregnancy, AIDS serodiagnosis, Counseling, Truth disclosure, Zidovudine/therapeutic use, Program evaluation, Côte d'Ivoire, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility, from the public health standpoint, of preventing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Africa. METHODS: Voluntary counselling and HIV serotesting were routinely provided in four health centres in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, for six months in 1998-99. Peripartum treatment with zidovudine and alternatives to breastfeeding were provided free to HIV-infected women. FINDINGS: Of the 4309 pregnant women in the study who attended their first antenatal care visit, 3756 benefited from individual counselling and pretesting (87.2%), and 3452 (80.1%) agreed to undergo HIV serotesting. Overall HIV prevalence was (12.89%) and 5% for women aged under 18 years. Among the 2998 HIV-negative women, 71% returned for their test result, whereas only 60% of the 445 HIV-positive women did so. A total of 124 HIV-positive women were informed of their serostatus and the possibility of preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV; 100 started treatment and 80 completed zidovudine prophylaxis. At 6 weeks of age, 36 of the 78 liveborn children were being breastfed (46%), two were being mixed-fed and 41 (52%) were being artificially fed. CONCLUSION: In Abidjan, voluntary counselling and HIV testing with a view to preventing mother-to-child transmission was feasible in antenatal care units and was well accepted by pregnant women. An insufficient proportion of women returned to obtain their test results. This was especially so among HIV-positive women, the target group for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Additional staff were required in order to offer voluntary counselling and HIV testing to the study women. Close supervision and strong commitment of health workers were essential. Alternatives to breastfeeding were effectively proposed to HIV-positive women, with active follow-up of children and clinical, nutritional and social support.

Published
2001

2. Evolution of the biological follow-up of efficiency and tolerance of a once daily antiretroviral treatment with 3TC+DDI+EFV in children infected with HIV-1 (CLINICAL TRIAL ANRS 12 103)

Author

Hien Alain, Yameogo Souleymane, Kania Dramane, Rouet François, Ouiminga Adama, Drabo Aly, Van de Perre Philippe, Diabouga Potiendi, Zoure Emmanuelle, Diasso Yaya, Nacro Boubacar, Hien Hervé, and Msellati Philippe

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Published
2009
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3. Didanosine population pharmacokinetics in West African HIV-infected children administered once daily tablets in relation to efficacy after one year of treatment (ANRS 12103)

Author

Van de Perre Philippe, Foulongue Vincent, Urien Saïk, Ouiminga Adama, Rouet François, Zouré Emmanuelle, Hien Hervé, Nacro Boubacar, Diagbouga Serge, Bardin Christophe, Hirt Déborah, Tréluyer Jean-Marc, and Msellati Philippe

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Published
2009
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6. 18-month occurrence of severe events among early diagnosed HIV-infected children before antiretroviral therapy in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: A cohort study

Author

Dabis François, Rouet François, Touré Pety, Becquet Renaud, Fassinou Patricia, Harambat Jérôme, Msellati Philippe, Blanche Stéphane, Timité-Konan Marguerite, Salamon Roger, and Leroy Valériane

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Objective To assess the 18-month field effectiveness on severe events of a pediatric package combining early HIV-diagnosis and targeted cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-infected children from age six-week before the antiretroviral era, in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Methods Data from two consecutive prevention of HIV mother-to-child transmission programs were compared: the ANRS 1201/1202 Ditrame-Plus cohort (2001–2005) and the pooled data of the ANRS 049a Ditrame randomized trial and its following open-labeled cohort (1995–2000), used as a reference group. HIV-infected pregnant women ≥ 32–36 weeks of gestation were offered a short-course peri-partum antiretroviral prophylaxis (ZDV in Ditrame, and ZDV ± 3TC+single-dose (sd) NVP in Ditrame-Plus). Neonatal prophylaxis was provided in Ditrame-Plus only: 7-day ZDV and sdNVP 48–72 h after birth. A 6-week pediatric HIV-RNA diagnosis was provided on-line in the Ditrame-Plus while it was only oriented on clinical symptoms in Ditrame. Six-week HIV-infected children received a daily cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Ditrame-Plus while no prophylaxis was provided in Ditrame. The determinants of severe events (death or hospitalization > 1 day) were assessed in a Cox regression model. Results Between 1995 and 2003, 98 out of the 1121 live-births were diagnosed as HIV-infected in peri-partum: 45 from Ditrame-Plus and 53 from Ditrame. The 18-month Kaplan-Meier cumulative probability of presenting a severe event was 66% in Ditrame-Plus (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 50%–81%) and 77% in Ditrame (95%CI: 65%–89%), Log Rank test: p = 0.47. After adjustment on maternal WHO clinical stage, maternal death, 6-week pediatric viral load, birth-weight, and breastfeeding exposure, the 18-month risk of severe event was lower in Ditrame-Plus than in Ditrame (adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR): 0.55, 95%CI: 0.3–1.1), although the difference was not statistically significant; p = 0.07). Maternal death was the only variable determinant of the occurrence of severe events in children (aHR: 3.73; CI: 2.2–11.2; p = 0.01). Conclusion Early cotrimoxazole from 6 weeks of age in HIV-infected infants seemed to reduce probability of severe events but the study lacked statistical power to prove this. Even with systematic cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, infant morbidity and mortality remained high pointing towards a need for early pediatric HIV-diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment in Africa.

Published
2008
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7. Illness-related behaviour and utilization of oral health services among adult city-dwellers in Burkina Faso: evidence from a household survey

Author

Ouattara Seydou, Gary Jean, Msellati Philippe, Fournet Florence, Petersen Poul, Varenne Benoît, Harang Maud, and Salem Gérard

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background In sub-Saharan Africa, the availability and accessibility of oral health services are seriously constrained and the provision of essential oral care is limited. Reports from the region show a very low utilization of oral health care services, and visits to dental-care facilities are mostly undertaken for symptomatic reasons. The objectives of the present study were to describe the prevalence of oral symptoms among adults in Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso and the use of oral health services and self-medication in response to these symptoms and to measure the associations between predisposing, enabling and needs factors and decisions to seek oral health care. Methods The conceptual design of the study was derived from both the Andersen-Newman model of health care utilization and the conceptual framework of the WHO International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes. Data were obtained by two-stage stratified sampling through four areas representative of different stages of urbanization of Ouagadougou. The final study population comprised 3030 adults aged 15 years or over and the response rate was 65%. Results Overall, 28% of the respondents had experienced an oral health problem during the past 12 months; a high proportion (62%) reported pain or acute discomfort affecting daily life. In response to symptoms, only 28% used oral health facilities, 48% used self-medication and 24% sought no treatment at all. Multivariate analyses revealed that several socio-economic and socio-cultural factors such as religious affiliation, material living conditions and participation in a social network were significantly associated with the use of oral health care services by adults who had experienced oral health problems during the previous year. Conclusion The proportion of people who have obtained oral health care is alarmingly low in Ouagadougou and self-medication appears to be an important alternative source of care for adult city-dwellers. Decision-makers in sub-Saharan countries must seek to ensure that access to essential oral health care is improved.

Published
2006
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8. Long-term outcomes of early initiated antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan children: a Cameroonian cohort study (ANRS-12140 Pediacam study, 2008–2013, Cameroon)

Author

Francis Ateba Ndongo, Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem, Calixte Ida Penda, Suzie Tetang Ndiang, Jean-Audrey Ndongo, Georgette Guemkam, Casimir Ledoux Sofeu, Paul Alain Tagnouokam-ngoupo, Anfumbom Kfutwah, Philippe Msellati, Albert Faye, and Josiane Warszawski

Subjects
HIV-infected children, Early initiated antiretroviral treatment, Long-term outcomes, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Background In most studies, the virological response is assessed during the first two years of antiretroviral treatment initiated in HIV-infected infants. However, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy exposes infants to very long-lasting treatment. Moreover, maintaining viral suppression in children is difficult. We aimed to assess the virologic response and mortality in HIV-infected children after five years of early initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART) and identify factors associated with virologic success in Cameroon. Methods In the ANRS-12140 Pediacam cohort study, 2008–2013, Cameroon, we included all the 149 children who were still alive after two years of early ART. Virologic response was assessed after 5 years of treatment. The probability of maintaining virologic success between two and five years of ART was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curve. The immune status and mortality were also studied at five years after ART initiation. Factors associated with a viral load

Published
2021
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10. High level of treatment failure and drug resistance to first-line antiretroviral therapies among HIV-infected children receiving decentralized care in Senegal

Author

Cissé, Abdoul-Magib, Laborde-Balen, Gabrièle, Kébé-Fall, Khady, Dramé, Aboubacry, Diop, Halimatou, Diop, Karim, FatouNiasse-Traoré, Coulibaly, Mohamed, Have, Ndeye-Ngone, Vidal, Nicole, Thiam, Safiatou, Wade, Abdoulaye S., Peeters, Martine, Taverne, Bernard, Msellati, Philippe, and Touré-Kane, Coumba

Published
2019
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15. Tuberculosis Diagnosis in HIV-Infected Children: Comparison of the 2012 and 2015 Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis Disease

Author

Marcy, Olivier, Goyet, Sophie, Borand, Laurence, Msellati, Philippe, Ung, Vibol, Tejiokem, Mathurin, Do Chau, Giang, Ateba-Ndongo, Francis, Ouedraogo, Abdoul Salam, Dim, Bunnet, Perez, Paul, Asselineau, Julien, Carcelain, Guislaine, Blanche, Stéphane, Delacourt, Christophe, and Godreuil, Sylvain

Abstract

We compared the 2012 and 2015 Clinical Case Definitions for Classification of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Children in 438 HIV-infected children with presumptive tuberculosis. Agreement between the classifications was substantial but more children were considered as tuberculosis using the 2015 version.

Published
2022
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21. Abstracts of the Eighth EDCTP Forum, 6-9 November 2016.

Author

Makanga, M, Beattie, P, Breugelmans, G, Nyirenda, T, Bockarie, M, Tanner, M, Volmink, J, Hankins, C, Walzl, G, Chegou, N, Malherbe, S, Hatherill, M, Scriba, TJ, Zak, DE, Barry, CE, Kaufmann, SHE, Noor, A, Strub-Wourgaft, N, Phillips, P, Munguambe, K, Ravinetto, R, Tinto, H, Diro, E, Mahendrahata, Y, Okebe, J, Rijal, S, Garcia, C, Sundar, S, Ndayisaba, G, Sopheak, T, Ngoduc, T, Van Loen, H, Jacobs, J, D'Alessandro, U, Boelaert, M, Buvé, A, Kamalo, P, Manda-Taylor, L, Rennie, S, Mokgatla, B, Bahati, Ijsselmuiden, C, Afolabi, M, Mcgrath, N, Kampmann, B, Imoukhuede, E, Alexander, N, Larson, H, Chandramohan, D, Bojang, K, Kasaro, MP, Muluka, B, Kaunda, K, Morse, J, Westfall, A, Kapata, N, Kruuner, A, Henostroza, G, Reid, S, Alabi, A, Foguim, F, Sankarganesh, J, Bruske, E, Mfoumbi, A, Mevyann, C, Adegnika, A, Lell, B, Kranzer, K, Kremsner, P, Grobusch, M, Sabiiti, W, Ntinginya, N, Kuchaka, D, Azam, K, Kampira, E, Mtafya, B, Bowness, R, Bhatt, N, Davies, G, Kibiki, G, Gillespie, S, Lejon, V, Ilboudo, H, Mumba, D, Camara, M, Kaba, D, Lumbala, C, Fèvre, E, Jamonneau, V, Bucheton, B, Büscher, P, Chisenga, C, Sinkala, E, Chilengi, R, Chitundu, H, Zyambo, Z, Wandeler, G, Vinikoor, M, Emilie, D, Camara, O, Mathurin, K, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan, D, Philippe, B, Regassa, F, Hassane, S, Bienvenu, SM, Fabrice, C, Ouédraogo, E, Kouakou, L, Owusu, M, Mensah, E, Enimil, A, Mutocheluh, M, Ndongo, FA, Tejiokem, MC, Texier, G, Penda, C, Ndiang, S, Ndongo, J-A, Guemkam, G, Sofeu, CL, Afumbom, K, Faye, A, Msellati, P, Warszawski, J, Vos, A, Devillé, W, Barth, R, Klipstein-Grobusch, K, Tempelman, H, Venter, F, Coutinho, R, Grobbee, D, Ssemwanga, D, Lyagoba, F, Magambo, B, Kapaata, A, Kirangwa, J, Nannyonjo, M, Nassolo, F, Nsubuga, R, Yebra, G, Brown, A, Kaleebu, P, Nylén, H, Habtewold, A, Makonnen, E, Yimer, G, Burhenne, J, Diczfalusy, U, Aklillu, E, Steele, D, Walker, R, Simuyandi, M, Beres, L, Bosomprah, S, Ansumana, R, Taitt, C, Lamin, JM, Jacobsen, KH, Mulvaney, SP, Leski, T, Bangura, U, Stenger, D, De Vries, S, Zinsou, FJ, Honkpehedji, J, Dejon, JC, Loembe, MM, Bache, B, Pakker, N, Van Leeuwen, R, Hounkpatin, AB, Yazdanbakhsh, M, Bethony, J, Hotez, P, Diemert, D, Bache, BE, Fernandes, JF, Obiang, RM, Kabwende, AL, Grobusch, MP, Krishna, S, Kremsner, PG, Todagbe, AS, Nambozi, M, Kabuya, J-B, Hachizovu, S, Mwakazanga, D, Kasongo, W, Buyze, J, Mulenga, M, Geertruyden, J-P, Gitaka, J, Chan, C, Kongere, J, Kagaya, W, Kaneko, A, Kabore, N, Barry, N, Kabre, Z, Werme, K, Fofana, A, Compaore, D, Nikiema, F, Some, F, Djimde, A, Zongo, I, Ouedraogo, B, Kone, A, Sagara, I, Björkman, A, Gil, JP, Nchinda, G, Bopda, A, Nji, N, Ambada, G, Ngu, L, Tchadji, J, Sake, C, Magagoum, S, Njambe, GD, Lisom, A, Park, CG, Tait, D, Sibusiso, H, Manda, O, Croucher, K, Van Der Westhuizen, A, Mshanga, I, Levin, J, Nanvubya, A, Kibengo, F, Jaoko, W, Pala, P, Perreau, M, Namuniina, A, Kitandwe, P, Tapia, G, Serwanga, J, Yates, N, Fast, P, Mayer, B, Montefiori, D, Tomaras, G, Robb, M, Lee, C, Wagner, R, Sanders, E, Kilembe, W, Kiwanuka, N, Gilmour, J, Kuipers, H, Vooij, D, Chinyenze, K, Priddy, F, Ding, S, Hanke, T, Pantaleo, G, Ngasala, B, Jovel, I, Malmberg, M, Mmbando, B, Premji, Z, Mårtensson, A, Mwaiswelo, R, Agbor, L, Apinjoh, T, Mwanza, S, Chileshe, J, Joshi, S, Malunga, P, Manyando, C, Laufer, M, Dara, A, Niangaly, A, Sinha, I, Brodin, D, Fofana, B, Dama, S, Dembele, D, Sidibe, B, Diallo, N, Thera, M, Wright, K, Gil, J, Doumbo, O, Baraka, V, Nabasumba, C, Francis, F, Lutumba, P, Mavoko, H, Alifrangis, M, Van Geertruyden, J-P, Sissoko, S, Sangaré, C, Toure, S, Sanogo, K, Diakite, H, Doumbia, D, Haidara, K, Julé, A, Ashurst, H, Merson, L, Olliaro, P, Marsh, V, Lang, T, Guérin, P, Awuondo, K, Njenga, D, Nyakarungu, E, Titus, P, Sutamihardja, A, Lowe, B, Ogutu, B, Billingsley, P, Soulama, I, Kaboré, M, Coulibaly, A, Ouattara, M, Sanon, S, Diarra, A, Bougouma, E, Ouedraogo, A, Sombie, B, Kargougou, D, Ouattara, D, Issa, N, Tiono, A, Sirima, S, Chaponda, M, Dabira, E, Dao, F, Dara, N, Coulibaly, M, Tolo, A, Maiga, H, Ouologuem, N, Niangaly, H, Botchway, F, Wilson, N, Dickinson-Copeland, CM, Adjei, AA, Wilson, M, Stiles, JK, Hamid, MA, Awad-Elgeid, M, Nasr, A, Netongo, P, Kamdem, S, Velavan, T, Lasry, E, Diarra, M, Bamadio, A, Traore, A, Coumare, S, Soma, B, Dicko, Y, Sangare, B, Tembely, A, Traore, D, Haidara, A, Dicko, A, Diawara, E, Beavogui, A, Camara, D, Sylla, M, Yattara, M, Sow, A, Camara, GC, Diallo, S, Mombo-Ngoma, G, Remppis, J, Sievers, M, Manego, RZ, Endamne, L, Hutchinson, D, Held, J, Supan, C, Salazar, CLO, Bonkian, LN, Nahum, A, Sié, A, Abdulla, S, Cantalloube, C, Djeriou, E, Bouyou-Akotet, M, Mordmüller, B, Siribie, M, Sirima, SB, San Maurice Ouattara, Coulibaly, S, Kabore, JM, Amidou, D, Tekete, M, Traore, O, Haefeli, W, Borrmann, S, Kaboré, N, Kabré, Z, Nikèma, F, Compaoré, D, Somé, F, Djimdé, A, Ouédraogo, J, Chalwe, V, Miller, J, Diakité, H, Greco, B, Spangenberg, T, Kourany-Lefoll, E, Oeuvray, C, Mulry, J, Tyagarajan, K, Magsaam, B, Barnes, K, Hodel, EM, Humphreys, G, Pace, C, Banda, CG, Denti, P, Allen, E, Lalloo, D, Mwapasa, V, Terlouw, A, Mwesigwa, J, Achan, J, Jawara, M, Ditanna, G, Worwui, A, Affara, M, Koukouikila-Koussounda, F, Kombo, M, Vouvoungui, C, Ntoumi, F, Etoka-Beka, MK, Deibert, J, Poulain, P, Kobawila, S, Gueye, NG, Seda, B, Kwambai, T, Jangu, P, Samuels, A, Kuile, FT, Kariuki, S, Barry, A, Bousema, T, Okech, B, Egwang, T, Corran, P, Riley, E, Ezennia, I, Ekwunife, O, Muleba, M, Stevenson, J, Mbata, K, Coetzee, M, Norris, D, Moneke-Anyanwoke, N, Momodou, J, Clarke, E, Scott, S, Tijani, A, Djimde, M, Vaillant, M, Samouda, H, Mensah, V, Roetynck, S, Kanteh, E, Bowyer, G, Ndaw, A, Oko, F, Bliss, C, Jagne, YJ, Cortese, R, Nicosia, A, Roberts, R, D'Alessio, F, Leroy, O, Faye, B, Cisse, B, Gerry, S, Viebig, N, Lawrie, A, Ewer, K, Hill, A, Nebie, I, Tiono, AB, Sanou, G, Konate, AT, Yaro, BJ, Sodiomon, S, Honkpehedji, Y, Agobe, JCD, Zinsou, F, Mengue, J, Richie, T, Hoffman, S, Nouatin, O, Ngoa, UA, Edoa, JR, Homoet, A, Engelhon, JE, Massinga-Louembe, M, Esen, M, Theisen, M, Sim, KL, Luty, AJ, Moutairou, K, Dinko, B, King, E, Targett, G, Sutherland, C, Likhovole, C, Ouma, C, Vulule, J, Musau, S, Khayumbi, J, Okumu, A, Murithi, W, Otu, J, Gehre, F, Zingue, D, Kudzawu, S, Forson, A, Mane, M, Rabna, P, Diarra, B, Kayede, S, Adebiyi, E, Kehinde, A, Onyejepu, N, Onubogu, C, Idigbe, E, Ba, A, Diallo, A, Mboup, S, Disse, K, Kadanga, G, Dagnra, Y, Baldeh, I, Corrah, T, De Jong, B, Antonio, M, Musanabaganwa, C, Musabyimana, JP, Karita, E, Diop, B, Nambajimana, A, Dushimiyimana, V, Karame, P, Russell, J, Ndoli, J, Hategekimana, T, Sendegeya, A, Condo, J, Binagwaho, A, Okonko, I, Okerentugba, P, Opaleye, O, Awujo, E, Frank-Peterside, N, Moyo, S, Kotokwe, K, Mohammed, T, Boleo, C, Mupfumi, L, Chishala, S, Gaseitsiwe, S, Tsalaile, L, Bussmann, H, Makhema, J, Baum, M, Marlink, R, Engelbretch, S, Essex, M, Novitsky, V, Saka, E, Kalipalire, Z, Bhairavabhotla, R, Midiani, D, Sherman, J, Mgode, G, Cox, C, Bwana, D, Mtui, L, Magesa, D, Kahwa, A, Mfinanga, G, Mulder, C, Borain, N, Petersen, L, Du Plessis, J, Theron, G, Holm-Hansen, C, Tekwu, EM, Sidze, LK, Assam, JPA, Eyangoh, S, Niemann, S, Beng, VP, Frank, M, Atiadeve, S, Hilmann, D, Awoniyi, D, Baumann, R, Kriel, B, Jacobs, R, Kidd, M, Loxton, A, Kaempfer, S, Singh, M, Mwanza, W, Milimo, D, Moyo, M, Kasese, N, Cheeba-Lengwe, M, Munkondya, S, Ayles, H, De Haas, P, Muyoyeta, M, Namuganga, AR, Kizza, HM, Mendy, A, Tientcheu, L, Ayorinde, A, Coker, E, Egere, U, Coussens, A, Naude, C, Chaplin, G, Noursadeghi, M, Martineau, A, Jablonski, N, Wilkinson, R, Ouedraogo, HG, Matteelli, A, Regazzi, M, Tarnagda, G, Villani, P, Sulis, G, Diagbouga, S, Roggi, A, Giorgetti, F, Kouanda, S, Bidias, A, Ndjonka, D, Olemba, C, Souleymanou, A, Mukonzo, J, Kuteesa, R, Ogwal-Okeng, J, Gustafsson, LL, Owen, J, Bassi, P, Gashau, W, Olaf, K, Dodoo, A, Okonkwo, P, Kanki, P, Maruapula, D, Seraise, B, Einkauf, K, Reilly, A, Rowley, C, Musonda, R, Framhein, A, Mpagama, S, Semvua, H, Maboko, L, Hoelscher, M, Heinrich, N, Mulenga, L, Kaayunga, C, Davies, M-A, Egger, M, Musukuma, K, Dambe, R, Usadi, B, Ngari, M, Thitiri, J, Mwalekwa, L, Fegan, G, Berkley, J, Nsagha, D, Munamunungu, V, Bolton, C, Siyunda, A, Shilimi, J, Bucciardini, R, Fragola, V, Abegaz, T, Lucattini, S, Halifom, A, Tadesse, E, Berhe, M, Pugliese, K, De Castro, P, Terlizzi, R, Fucili, L, Di Gregorio, M, Mirra, M, Zegeye, T, Binelli, A, Vella, S, Abraham, L, Godefay, H, Rakotoarivelo, R, Raberahona, M, Randriamampionona, N, Andriamihaja, R, Rasamoelina, T, Cornet, M, De Dieu Randria, MJ, Benet, T, Vanhems, P, Andrianarivelo, MR, Chirwa, U, Michelo, C, Hamoonga, R, Wandiga, S, Oduor, P, Agaya, J, Sharma, A, Cavanaugh, S, Cain, K, Mukisa, J, Mupere, E, Worodria, W, Ngom, JT, Koro, F, Godwe, C, Adande, C, Ateugieu, R, Onana, T, Ngono, A, Kamdem, Y, Ngo-Niobe, S, Etoa, F-X, Kanengoni, M, Ruzario, S, Ndebele, P, Shana, M, Tarumbiswa, F, Musesengwa, R, Gutsire, R, Fisher, K, Thyagarajan, B, Akanbi, O, Binuyo, M, Ssengooba, W, Respeito, D, Mambuque, E, Blanco, S, Mandomando, I, Cobelens, F, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Tamene, A, Topp, S, Mwamba, C, Padian, N, Sikazwe, I, Geng, E, Holmes, C, Sikombe, K, Hantuba, Czaicki, N, Simbeza, S, Somwe, P, Umulisa, M, Ilo, J, Kestelyn, E, Uwineza, M, Agaba, S, Delvaux, T, Wijgert, J, Gethi, D, Odeny, L, Tamandjou, C, Kaindjee-Tjituka, F, Brandt, L, Cotton, M, Nel, E, Preiser, W, Andersson, M, Adepoju, A, Magana, M, Etsetowaghan, A, Chilikwazi, M, Sutcliffe, C, Thuma, P, Sinywimaanzi, K, Matakala, H, Munachoonga, P, Moss, W, Masenza, IS, Geisenberger, O, Agrea, P, Rwegoshora, F, Mahiga, H, Olomi, W, Kroidl, A, Kayode, G, Amoakoh-Coleman, M, Ansah, E, Uthman, O, Fokam, J, Santoro, M-M, Musolo, C, Chimbiri, I, Chikwenga, G, Deula, R, Massari, R, Lungu, A, Perno, C-F, Ndzengue, G, Loveline, N, Lissom, A, Flaurent, T, Sosso, S, Essomba, C, Kpeli, G, Otchere, I, Lamelas, A, Buultjens, A, Bulach, D, Baines, S, Seemann, T, Giulieri, 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Thuma, P, Sinywimaanzi, K, Matakala, H, Munachoonga, P, Moss, W, Masenza, IS, Geisenberger, O, Agrea, P, Rwegoshora, F, Mahiga, H, Olomi, W, Kroidl, A, Kayode, G, Amoakoh-Coleman, M, Ansah, E, Uthman, O, Fokam, J, Santoro, M-M, Musolo, C, Chimbiri, I, Chikwenga, G, Deula, R, Massari, R, Lungu, A, Perno, C-F, Ndzengue, G, Loveline, N, Lissom, A, Flaurent, T, Sosso, S, Essomba, C, Kpeli, G, Otchere, I, Lamelas, A, Buultjens, A, Bulach, D, Baines, S, Seemann, T, Giulieri, S, Nakobu, Z, Aboagye, S, Owusu-Mireku, E, Danso, E, Hauser, J, Hinic, V, Pluschke, G, Stinear, T, Yeboah-Manu, D, Elshayeb, A, Siddig, ME, Ahmed, AA, Hussien, AE, Kabwe, M, Tembo, J, Chilukutu, L, Chilufya, M, Ngulube, F, Lukwesa, C, Enne, V, Wexner, H, Mwananyanda, L, Hamer, D, Sinyangwe, S, Ahmed, Y, Klein, N, Maeurer, M, Zumla, A, Bates, M, Beyala, L, Etienne, G, Anthony, N, Benjamin, A, Ateudjieu, J, Chibwe, B, Ojok, D, Tarr, CA, Perez, GM, Omeonga, S, Kibungu, F, Meyer, A, Lansana, P, Mayor, A, Onyango, P, Van Loggerenberg, F, Furtado, T, Boggs, L, Segrt, A, Dochez, C, Burnett, R, Mphahlele, MJ, Miiro, G, Mbidde, E, Peshu, N, Kivaya, E, Ngowi, B, Kavishe, R, Maowia, M, Sandstrom, E, Ayuo, E, Mmbaga, B, Leisegang, C, Thorpe, M, Batchilly, E, N'Guessan, J-P, Kanteh, D, Søfteland, S, Sebitloane, M, Vwalika, B, Taylor, M, Galappaththi-Arachchige, H, Holmen, S, Gundersen, SG, Ndhlovu, P, Kjetland, EF, Kombe, F, Toohey, J, Pienaar, E, Kredo, T, Cham, PM, Abubakar, I, Dondeh, BL, Vischer, N, Pfeiffer, C, Burri, C, Musukwa, K, Zürcher, S, Mwandu, T, Bauer, S, Adriko, M, Mwaura, P, Omolloh, K, Jones, C, Malecela, M, Hamidu, BA, Jenner, TE, Asiedu, LJ, Osei-Atweneboana, M, Afeke, I, Addo, P, Newman, M, Durnez, L, Eddyani, M, Ammisah, N, Abas, M, Quartey, M, Ablordey, A, Akinwale, O, Adeneye, A, Ezeugwu, S, Olukosi, Y, Adewale, B, Sulyman, M, Mafe, M, Okwuzu, J, Gyang, P, Nwafor, T, Henry, U, Musa, B, Ujah, I, Agobé, JCD, Grau-Pujol, B, Sacoor, C, Nhabomba, A, Casellas, A, Quintó, L, Subirà, C, Giné, R, Valentín, A, Muñoz, J, Nikiema, M, Ky-Ba, A, Comapore, KAM, Sangare, L, Oluremi, A, Michel, M, Camara, Y, Sanneh, B, Cuamba, I, Gutiérrez, J, Lázaro, C, Mejia, R, Adedeji, A, Folorunsho, S, Demehin, P, Akinsanya, B, Cowley, G, Da Silva, ET, Nabicassa, M, De Barros, PDP, Blif, MM, Bailey, R, Last, A, Mahendradhata, Y, Gotuzzo, E, De Nys, K, Casteels, M, Nona, SK, Lumeka, K, Todagbe, A, Djima, MM, Ukpong, M, Sagay, A, Khamofu, H, Torpey, K, Afiadigwe, E, Anenih, J, Ezechi, O, Nweneka, C, Idoko, J, Muhumuza, S, Katahoire, A, Nuwaha, F, Olsen, A, Okeyo, S, Omollo, R, Kimutai, R, Ochieng, M, Egondi, T, Moonga, C, Chileshe, C, Magwende, G, Anumudu, C, Onile, O, Oladele, V, Adebayo, A, Awobode, H, Oyeyemi, O, Odaibo, A, Kabuye, E, Lutalo, T, Njua-Yafi, C, Nkuo-Akenji, T, Anchang-Kimbi, J, Mugri, R, Chi, H, Tata, R, Njumkeng, C, Dodoo, D, Achidi, E, Fernandes, J, Bache, EB, Matakala, K, Searle, K, Greenman, M, and Rainwater-Lovett, K

Published
2017

22. Les obstacles au dépistage des enfants et adolescents infectés par le VIH en Afrique : chercher ces enfants, là où ils se trouvent !

Author

Msellati, P., Ateba Ndongo, F., Hejoaka, F., Nacro, B., and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
SIDA, dépistage, VIH, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, ADOLESCENT, NOURRISSON, POLITIQUE DE SANTE, CENTRE DE SANTE, Afrique, ENFANT, DEPISTAGE, adolescent, FAMILLE, enfant
Abstract

International audience; Un nombre important d’enfants et d’adolescents infectés par le VIH ne sont pas pris en charge ou le sont très tardivement. Sur les 3,2 millions enfants infectés dans le monde, 2,8 auraient besoin de traitements et environ 700 000 sont effectivement traités. La première raison de ce défaut d’accès aux soins est le manque de dépistage des enfants, qu’il s’agisse du dépistage précoce des nourrissons, ou, bien plus encore, de celui des enfants plus grands et des adolescents. Cet article se veut à la fois une revue de la situation actuelle et un plaidoyer en faveur du dépistage proposé systématiquement aux enfants et adolescents exposés au VIH (mère infectée, transfusions répétées) ou possiblement infectés (malnutrition, tuberculose, autres maladies évocatrices). Enfin les adultes vivant avec le VIH devraient être sensibilisés au dépistage systématique de leurs enfants, y compris ceux qui sont asymptomatiques.

Published
2016

23. Extraordinary long-term and fluctuating persistence of Ebola virus RNA in semen of survivors in Guinea: implications for public health

Author

Keita, A.K., primary, Toure, A., additional, Sow, M.S., additional, Raoul, H., additional, Magassouba, N'F., additional, Delaporte, E., additional, Etard, J.-F., additional, Abel, L., additional, Ayouba, A., additional, Baize, S., additional, Bangoura, K., additional, Barry, A., additional, Barry, M., additional, Cissé, M., additional, Delmas, C., additional, Desclaux, A., additional, Diallo, S., additional, Diallo, M.S., additional, Étard, J.-F., additional, Etienne, C., additional, Faye, O., additional, Fofana, I., additional, Granouillac, B., additional, Hébert, E.H., additional, Izard, S., additional, Kassé, D., additional, Keita, A.K., additional, Koivugui, L., additional, Kpamou, C., additional, Lacarabaratz, C., additional, Leroy, S., additional, Marchal, C.L., additional, Levy, Y., additional, March, L., additional, Msellati, P., additional, Niane, H., additional, Peeters, M., additional, Pers, Y.-M., additional, Sacko, S.L., additional, Savané, I., additional, Taverne, B., additional, Touré, A., additional, and Traoré, F.A., additional

Published
2017
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24. Acceptability of interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in West Africa

Author

Cartoux, M., Msellati, P., Rouamba, O., Coulibaly, D., Meda, N., Blibolo, D., Mandelbrot, L., Van de Perre, P., and Dabis, F.

Subjects
Africans -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, HIV testing -- Public opinion, HIV infection in pregnancy, Health
Abstract

Many African women appear to be willing to be tested for HIV and to undergo treatment if they test positive. However, a survey of 607 women from two West African cities found that 64% to 91% of the women needed the permission of their partner to be tested. A majority said they would accept treatment if they were found to be HIV-positive to reduce the chance that they would transmit the virus to their baby.

Published
1996

25. 15 Month follow up of African children following vaginal cleansing with benzalkonium chloride of their HIV infected mothers during late pregnancy and delivery

Author

L Gautier-Charpentier, Dabis F, Msellati P, L Dequae-Merchadoux, R Likikouët, A Ouangre, R. Ramon, T. Ouassa, Laurent Mandelbrot, Valériane Leroy, Christiane Welffens-Ekra, M Dosso, Fatoumata Sylla-Koko, M Cartoux, Nicolas Meda, P. Van de Perre, Maternité Port-Royal [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) / Centre Muraz, Epidémiologie, santé publique et développement, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Programme PAC-CI, ANRS France Recherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv hépatites, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Departement de Gynécologie Obstétrique, CHU de Youpougon, The ANRS 049/Ditrame project was funded by the French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS) and the French Ministry of Cooperation (Action Coordonnée no 12)., and The authors wish to thank the nurses and counsellors working with the Ditrame project and the staff from the participating prenatal care and delivery unit for their daily compassionate work. Special thanks to Drs MA Nandeuil, M Mathieu, and C Meignant (Innothéra, France) for assisting in the preparation of the trial, especially drug supply, packaging, and shipping.

Subjects
Pediatrics, TRANSMISSION MERE ENFANT, ESSAI CLINIQUE, Placebo-controlled study, HIV Infections, NAISSANCE, MESH: Proportional Hazards Models, MESH: Pregnancy, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, GROSSESSE, MESH: Risk Factors, Infant Mortality, INFECTION, MESH: Administration, Intravaginal, Childbirth, MESH: Double-Blind Method, MESH: Infant Mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, reproductive and urinary physiology, ANALYSE STATISTIQUE, MESH: Treatment Outcome, education.field_of_study, integumentary system, SIDA, Obstetrics, virus diseases, Prenatal Care, MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, MESH: Infant, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, 3. Good health, MESH: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Perinatal Care, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Survival Analysis, MESH: Perinatal Care, Female, Original Article, Benzalkonium Compounds, HYGIENE, MESH: Benzalkonium Compounds, Maternal Age, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, TRANSMISSION, MESH: Cote d'Ivoire, Population, Dermatology, Prenatal care, Placebo, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Double-Blind Method, 030225 pediatrics, Burkina Faso, medicine, Humans, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, MESH: Burkina Faso, education, MESH: Prenatal Care, MESH: Suppositories, Proportional Hazards Models, MESH: Humans, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Suppositories, Infant, MESH: Adult, Delivery, Obstetric, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Infant mortality, body regions, Administration, Intravaginal, ACCOUCHEMENT, Cote d'Ivoire, Multivariate Analysis, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, MESH: Delivery, Obstetric, MESH: Maternal Age, MORTALITE INFANTILE, business, MESH: Female, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVES: To study mother to child HIV-1 transmission (MTCT) and infant mortality following benzalkonium chloride (BC) disinfection. METHODS: A randomised, double blind phase II placebo controlled trial. Women testing positive for HIV-1 infection in prenatal care units in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, and Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, from November 1996 to April 1997 were eligible, with their informed consent. Women self administered daily a vaginal suppository of 1% BC (53) or matched placebo (54) from 36 weeks of pregnancy, plus a single dose during labour. The neonate was bathed with 1% BC solution or placebo within 30 minutes after birth. MTCT rate was assessed based on repeated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology results. For the present analysis, children were followed up to 15 months. RESULTS: A total of 107 women were enrolled. Of 103 eligible liveborn children, 23 were HIV infected, 75 uninfected, and five of indeterminate status. MTCT transmission rate was 24.2% overall (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.3% to 30.4%). On an intent to treat basis, the transmission rate did not differ between the two groups (23.5%, CI 13.8 to 38.5, in the BC group and 24.8%, CI 15.0 to 39.6, in the placebo group at 15 months). Similarly, there was no difference in mortality at 15 months (22.9%, CI 13.7 to 36.9, in the BC group and 16.5%, CI 9.0 to 29.4, in the placebo group). CONCLUSION: This analysis failed to suggest any benefit of BC disinfection on mother to child HIV transmission or perinatal and infant mortality.

Published
2002

26. 24-Month adherence, tolerance and efficacy of once-a-day antiretroviral therapy with didanosine, lamivudine, and efavirenz in African HIV-1 infected children: ANRS 12103/12167

Author

H Chappuy, Serge Diagbouga, Joëlle Nicolas, Msellati P, Aly Drabo, Hervé Hien, Nicolas Meda, Jerôme Somé, Souleymane Yameogo, Adama Ouiminga, Alain Hien, François Rouet, Hassane Tamboura, Emmanuelle Zoure, P Van de Perre, and Boubacar Nacro

Subjects
Cyclopropanes, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Efavirenz, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Medication Adherence, Virological response, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Confidence Intervals, Humans, once-a-day therapy, Didanosine, Lamivudine, and Efavirenz, child, Child, Didanosine, child, business.industry, Lamivudine, General Medicine, Original Articles, Viral Load, Antiretroviral therapy, Benzoxazines, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, once-a-day therapy, Regimen, chemistry, Alkynes, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Africa, RNA, Viral, Lamivudine and Efavirenz, Female, business, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: There is no data on long-term benefit of once-a-day antiretroviral therapy (ART) with combination of DDI, 3TC and EFV to allow its use in future therapeutic strategies.Objectives: To assess 24-month immuno-virological, adherence, tolerance, and effectiveness of a once-a-day ART with DDI, 3TC and EFV.Methods: A phase 2 open trial including 51 children aged from 30 months to 15 years, monitored a once-a-day regimen for 24 months from 2006 to 2008 in the Departement de Pediatrie du CHUSS, at Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. We tested immunological and virological response, adherence, tolerance and resistance of the treatment.Results: Children with CD4 >25% at 24 months were 67.4% (33/49) CI 95% [54%, 80%].The proportion of children with viral plasma RNA 95% over the 24 months. Drugs were well tolerated.Conclusions: Given the limited number of antiretroviral drugs available in Africa and the inadequacy of laboratory monitoring in support program, once-a-day treatment and especially the DDI-based combination strategies could be an attractive operational option.Key words: once-a-day therapy, Didanosine, Lamivudine, and Efavirenz, child.

Published
2013

27. A cohort study of factors associated with failure to return for HIV post-test counselling in pregnant women

Author

Nyiraziraje M, Dabis F, Msellati P, Ladner J, Van de Perre P, De Clercq A, and Leroy

Subjects
Counseling, law.invention, Cohort Studies, DIAGNOSTIC, Pregnancy, GROSSESSE, law, HIV Seropositivity, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, PSYCHOLOGIE, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education.field_of_study, SIDA, AIDS Serodiagnosis, virus diseases, Sexual Partners, Infectious Diseases, Family planning, Cohort, Educational Status, Female, PRESERVATIF, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Immunology, Parenteral transmission, Population, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Condom, Humans, Occupations, education, Gynecology, Marital Status, business.industry, Rwanda, VIRUS HIV-1, PREVENTION SANITAIRE, medicine.disease, DEPISTAGE, FEMME, Family medicine, Patient Compliance, business, Serostatus, TRANSMISSION FOETOMATERNELLE, COMPORTEMENT SOCIAL
Abstract

This study sought to identify the factors associated with failure to return for HIV post-test counseling in pregnant women in Kigali (Rwanda). In the context of a study on the impact of HIV infection on pregnancy HIV-1-antibody testing was offered to all pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of the Centre Hospitalier de Kigali from July 1992 to August 1993. Pre-test counseling was performed after verbal informed consent was obtained. Two weeks later the authors formally enrolled all HIV-positive women and a corresponding number of HIV-negative women in a cohort. At this visit post-test counseling was given to those wishing to be informed of their HIV serostatus. Level of knowledge about modes of HIV transmission and condom use were recorded. Four months after delivery another interview was conducted to determine the proportion of women who used condoms regularly. A total of 1233 pregnant women were screened. The HIV seroprevalence was 34.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.7-37.1); 271 (63.9%) out of 424 HIV-positive and 577 (71.3%) out of 809 HIV-negative women asked for their HIV serostatus (p = 0.008). In multivariate analysis the only variable significantly associated with failure to return for post-test counseling was a positive HIV test result (odds ratio 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-0.9; p = 0.009) independently of obstetrical history and socioeconomic characteristics. Among the 848 women who had post-test counseling 50.9% of the HIV-positive women and 94.6% of the HIV-negative women stated that they planned to inform their partner of their serostatus (p = 0.0001). More than 95% of the women interviewed knew about sexual and parenteral transmission of HIV but half were unaware of mother-to-child transmission. More than 80% of the women had seen a condom before but 14% only had used it at least once. Among women who were sexually active four months after delivery 8.8% of the HIV-positive and 3.9% of the HIV-negative women reported using a condom (p = 0.04). Innovative approaches for HIV testing and counseling programs are needed and the importance of psychosocial and cultural factors associated with HIV testing should be emphasized in African populations. (authors)

Published
1996

28. Is the Recommended Dose of Efavirenz Optimal in Young West African Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children?▿ ‡

Author

Déborah Hirt, Hélène Peyrière, Hervé Hien, Philippe Van de Perre, Serge Diagbouga, Emmanuelle Zoure, Boubacar Nacro, Saïk Urien, Msellati P, Jean-Marc Tréluyer, Mathieu Olivier, and François Rouet

Subjects
Cyclopropanes, Male, Efavirenz, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Population, Cmax, HIV Infections, Pharmacology, Biology, Drug Administration Schedule, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cmin, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, Pharmacokinetics, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Child, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Volume of distribution, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 030306 microbiology, Liter, 3. Good health, NONMEM, Benzoxazines, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Alkynes, Child, Preschool, Female
Abstract

We aimed in this study to describe efavirenz concentration-time courses in treatment-naïve children after once-daily administration to study the effects of age and body weight on efavirenz pharmacokinetics and to test relationships between doses, plasma concentrations, and efficacy. For this purpose, efavirenz concentrations in 48 children were measured after 2 weeks of didanosine-lamivudine-efavirenz treatment, and samples were available for 9/48 children between months 2 and 5 of treatment. Efavirenz concentrations in 200 plasma specimens were measured using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with NONMEM. The influence of individual characteristics was tested using a likelihood ratio test. The estimated minimal and maximal concentrations of efavirenz in plasma (CminandCmax, respectively) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were correlated to the decrease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels after 3 months of treatment. The thresholdCmin(and AUC) that improved efficacy was determined. The target minimal concentration of 4 mg/liter was considered for toxicity. An optimized dosing schedule that would place the highest percentage of children in the interval of effective and nontoxic concentrations was simulated. The pharmacokinetics of efavirenz was best described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. The mean apparent clearance and volume of distribution for efavirenz were 0.211 liter/h/kg and 4.48 liters/kg, respectively. Clearance decreased significantly with age. When the recommended doses were given to 46 of the 48 children, 19% (44% of children weighing less than 15 kg) hadCmins below 1 mg/liter. A significantly higher percentage of children withCmins of >1.1 mg/liter or AUCs of >51 mg/liter·h than of children with lower values had viral load decreases greater than 2 log10copies/ml after 3 months of treatment. Therefore, to optimize the percentage of children withCmins between 1.1 and 4 mg/liter, children should receive the following once-daily efavirenz doses: 25 mg/kg of body weight from 2 to 6 years, 15 mg/kg from 6 to 10 years, and 10 mg/kg from 10 to 15 years. These assumptions should be prospectively confirmed.

Published
2009

29. Are recommended doses of efavirenz optimal in young children? (ANRS 12103)

Author

Serge Diagbouga, Déborah Hirt, Philippe Van de Perre, Msellati P, François Rouet, Saïk Urien, Emmanuelle Zoure, Jean-Marc Tréluyer, Hélène Peyrière, Hervé Hien, Boubacar Nacro, and Mathieu Olivier

Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Infectious Diseases, Efavirenz, chemistry, Anthropology, Virology, media_common.quotation_subject, Art, lcsh:RC581-607, media_common
Abstract

Address: 1Universite paris-descartes, Paris, France, 2Hopital Tarnier, Paris, France, 3Hopital Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul, Paris, France, 4Hopital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France, 5CHU Souro Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, 6Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, 7Universite Paul Cezanne, Aix en Provence, France, 8Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France and 9Universite Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France * Corresponding author

Published
2009

30. Extraordinary long-term and fluctuating persistence of Ebola virus RNA in semen of survivors in Guinea: implications for public health

Author

Abel, L., Ayouba, A., Baize, S., Bangoura, K., Barry, A., Barry, M., Cissé, M., Delaporte, E., Delmas, C., Desclaux, A., Diallo, S., Diallo, M.S., Étard, J.-F., Etienne, C., Faye, O., Fofana, I., Granouillac, B., Hébert, E.H., Izard, S., Kassé, D., Keita, A.K., Koivugui, L., Kpamou, C., Lacarabaratz, C., Leroy, S., Marchal, C.L., Levy, Y., Magassouba, N'F., March, L., Msellati, P., Niane, H., Peeters, M., Pers, Y.-M., Raoul, H., Sacko, S.L., Savané, I., Sow, M.S., Taverne, B., Touré, A., Traoré, F.A., Toure, A., and Etard, J.-F.

Published
2017
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31. Acceptability of Outpatient Ready-To-Use Food-Based Protocols in HIV-Infected Senegalese Children and Adolescents Within the MAGGSEN Cohort Study.

Author

Cames, Cecile, Varloteaux, Marie, Have, Ndeye Ngone, Diom, Alhadji Bassine, Msellati, Philippe, Mbaye, Ngagne, Mbodj, Helene, Signate, Haby Sy, Diack, Aminata, Sy Signate, Haby, and ANRS 12279 MAGGSEN Cohort Study Group

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the acceptability of ready-to-use food (RUF)-based outpatient protocols in HIV-infected children and adolescents with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM).Methods: Plumpy Nut and Plumpy Sup were supplied every 2 weeks and prescribed by weight to SAM and MAM children, respectively. Forty-three children, 24 MAM and 19 SAM, were enrolled. Organoleptic appreciation, feeding modalities, and perceptions surrounding RUF were recorded at week 2. Sachets were counted to measure adherence throughout the study.Results: Median age was 12.2 years (interquartile range: 9.3-14.8), and 91% were on antiretroviral treatment. Overall, 80%, 76%, 68%, and 68% of children initially rated RUF color, taste, smell, and mouth feeling as good. However, feelings of disgust, refusal to eat, fragmentation of intake, self-stigma, and sharing within the household were commonly reported. Eighteen MAM and 7 SAM experienced weight recovery. Recovery duration was 54 days (31-90) in MAM versus 114 days (69-151) in SAM children ( P = .02). Their rate of RUF consumption compared to amount prescribed was approximately 50% from week 2 to week 10. Nine failed to gain weight or consume RUF and were discontinued for clinical management, and 9 dropped out due to distance to the clinic.Conclusion: Initial RUF acceptability was satisfactory. More than half the children had successful weight recovery, although adherence to RUF prescription was suboptimal. However, further research is needed to propose therapeutic foods with improved palatability, alternative and simpler intervention design, and procedures for continuous and tailored psychosocial support in this vulnerable population.Trial Registration: NCT01771562 (Current Controlled Trials). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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32. Field acceptability and effectiveness of the routine utilization of zidovudine to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in West Africa

Author

Nicolas Meda, Crépin Montcho, Dabis F, Msellati P, Seydou Yaro, Leroy, Laurent Mandelbrot, Olivier Manigart, and Ida Viho

Subjects
Adult, Counseling, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cost effectiveness, Anti-HIV Agents, Immunology, Population, HIV Infections, Drug Administration Schedule, law.invention, Cohort Studies, Zidovudine, Randomized controlled trial, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), law, Pregnancy, parasitic diseases, Burkina Faso, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, virus diseases, Prenatal Care, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Infectious Diseases, Breast Feeding, Cote d'Ivoire, Cohort, HIV-1, Patient Compliance, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Female, business, Postpartum period, medicine.drug, Cohort study, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the field acceptability and effectiveness of the routine utilization of zidovudine in reducing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in breastfed children after a randomized clinical trial demonstrated its efficacy in Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso. METHODS: Pregnant women aged 18 years or older, who had confirmed HIV-1 infection, haemoglobinemia greater than 7 g/dl were enrolled in an open label cohort at 36-38 weeks' gestation to receive an oral short course of zidovudine. Paediatric HIV infection was defined as a positive HIV-1 polymerase chain reaction, or if aged 15 months or older, a positive HIV serology. RESULTS: The acceptability of HIV pretest counselling was significantly higher in the cohort (90.3%) than in the trial (83.7%) (P < 0.001), but the return rate for HIV test results and for inclusion was low. A similar proportion of women accepted starting zidovudine in the cohort, 30.4% compared with 27.3% in the trial (P = 0.13). The proportions of women who took more than 80% of the expected zidovudine regimen were 81.8% before labour, 86.7% during labour, and 88.1% during the postpartum period, compared with those observed during the trial, 78.1, 81.1, and 85%, respectively. The MTCT probability at age 15 months was 19.6% in the cohort (n = 185) versus 21.2% in the trial (P = 0.52). CONCLUSION: The major drawback with the implementation of a short zidovudine regimen to reduce MTCT is HIV counselling and testing procedures. For women who consent, zidovudine is well accepted and efficacious under routine circumstances.

Published
2002

33. Safety and acceptability of vaginal disinfection with benzalkonium chloride in HIV infected pregnant women in west Africa: ANRS 049b phase II randomized, double blinded placebo controlled trial. DITRAME Study Group

Author

Msellati P, R Likikouët, R Lassalle, Fatoumata Sylla-Koko, Vincent Leroy, L Gautier-Charpentier, Laurent Mandelbrot, M Dosso, P. Van de Perre, A Ouangre, M Cartoux, Patrice Combe, Nicolas Meda, Dominique Bonard, Dabis F, and Christiane Welffens-Ekra

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Vaginal Diseases, Placebo-controlled study, HIV Infections, Dermatology, Prenatal care, Placebo, law.invention, Benzalkonium chloride, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Burkina Faso, medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, Gynecology, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Original Articles, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Administration, Intravaginal, Infectious Diseases, Cote d'Ivoire, Treatment Outcome, HIV-2, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, HIV-1, Patient Compliance, Female, business, Benzalkonium Compounds, medicine.drug
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To study the tolerance and acceptability in Africa of a perinatal intervention to prevent vertical HIV transmission using benzalkonium chloride disinfection. DESIGN: A randomized, double blinded phase II trial. SETTING: Prenatal care units in Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire) and Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). PATIENTS: Women accepting testing and counselling who were seropositive for HIV-1 and under 37 weeks of pregnancy were eligible. A total of 108 women (54 in each group) enrolled from November 1996 to April 1997, with their informed consent. INTERVENTION: Women self administered daily a vaginal suppository of 1% benzalkonium chloride or matched placebo from 36 weeks of pregnancy, and a single intrapartum dose. The neonate was bathed with 1% benzalkonium chloride solution or placebo within 30 minutes after birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adverse events were recorded weekly, with a questionnaire and speculum examination in women through delivery, and examination of the neonate through day 30. The incidence of genital signs and symptoms in the women and cutaneous or ophthalmological events in newborns were compared between groups on an intent to treat basis. RESULTS: The median duration of prepartum treatment was 21 days (range 0-87 days). Compliance was 87% for prepartum and 69% for intrapartum treatment, and 88% for the neonatal bath, without differences between the two groups. In women, the most frequent event was leucorrhoea; the incidence of adverse events did not differ between treatment groups. In children, the incidence of dermatitis and conjunctivitis did not differ between the benzalkonium chloride and placebo groups (p = 0.16 and p = 0.29, respectively). CONCLUSION: Vaginal disinfection with benzalkonium chloride is a feasible and well tolerated intervention in west Africa. Its efficacy in preventing vertical HIV transmission remains to be demonstrated.

Published
2001

34. Family environment and dental health diparities among urban children in Burkina Faso

Author

Varenne, B, Fournet, F, Cadot, E, Msellati, P, Quedraogo, H Z, Meyer, P E, Cornu, J-F, Salem, G, Petersen, Poul Erik, Varenne, B, Fournet, F, Cadot, E, Msellati, P, Quedraogo, H Z, Meyer, P E, Cornu, J-F, Salem, G, and Petersen, Poul Erik

Abstract

Background Dental caries is the most common multifactorial disease in children and has substantial negative impact on daily life. In sub-Saharan Africa, few data are available on the relationship between dental caries and the social and family environment of children. The objectives of the present study were firstly to assess the level of prevalence and severity of dental caries of children in Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso and secondly to determine whether or not individual factors, family and living conditions are linked with dental health disparities within the population. Methods Interview and clinical data were obtained from a household-based cross-sectional survey. A two-stage stratified sampling technique was applied in four areas of Ouagadougou representing different stages of urbanization. Results The final study population included 1606 children aged 6–12 years. For the overall group the total caries prevalence rate was 48.2%. Results showed that the dental health status of the mother, social integration of the householder and socioeconomic level of the household were associated with the dental health of children. Disparities in dental health were prominent; poor dental health was relatively frequent in children from households poorly integrated into social networks with rather acceptable standard in terms of material wealth. Conclusion Our study showed that individual factors as well as family-related and environmental factors had an influence on their caries experience. The rapidly changing lifestyle affects oral health and the burden of oral diseases is expected to increase initially in people of upper classes and later in disadvantaged people. Disease prevention focussing on common risk factors of chronic diseases should be enhanced. In addition, the accessibility of quality fluoride products (e.g. toothpaste, salt, water) should be facilitated as soon as possible.

Published
2011

35. Estimation of HIV-1 prevalence in the population of Abidjan by adjustment of the prevalence observed in antenatal centres

Author

A. Desgrées du Loû, Dabis F, Msellati P, Christiane Welffens-Ekra, R. Ramon, and G. La Ruche

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, Population, Developing country, Fertility, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), GROSSESSE, Epidemiology, INFECTION, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, education, media_common, ANALYSE STATISTIQUE, Estimation, education.field_of_study, METHODE D'ANALYSE, business.industry, SIDA, medicine.disease, PREVALENCE, Sexual intercourse, Infectious Diseases, FEMME, Serostatus, business, VIH-1, Demography
Abstract

Especially in developing countries HIV prevalence estimates in the general population are based upon the prevalence observed through sentinel surveillance in antenatal centers. Pregnant women are therefore considered to be representative of all women of childbearing age. However HIV-1 prevalence in the general population may be underestimated when based upon such surveillance because studies have shown that HIV infection may impair female fertility causing HIV-infected women to visit antenatal centers less often than do other women. Prevalences assessed at antenatal centers therefore need to be adjusted. Nicoll et al.s method of adjusting by estimating a summary relative inclusion ratio (RIR) was applied to Abidjan Cote dIvoire. The RIR was used upon data on female fertility by HIV status for 5483 pregnant women who agreed to be tested for HIV between 1995 and 1997 in 3 antenatal centers in Yopougon district and found to be readily applicable in African countries although it is important to consider the age structure of the population in antenatal centers and to stratify that adjustment by age. The only data needed for such an adjustment are age number of live births HIV serostatus for women entering the sentinel center and if possible age at first sexual intercourse and the age structure of the community considered.

Published
1999

36. Impaired fertility in HIV-1-infected pregnant women : a clinic-based survey in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 1997

Author

Msellati P, Noba, Desgrées du Loû A, Ida Viho, R. Ramon, Christiane Welffens-Ekra, Dabis F, and Angèle Yao

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, Population, FECONDITE, HIV Infections, Fertility, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Pregnancy, Epidemiology, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education, media_common, Gynecology, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Obstetrics, SIDA, Hazard ratio, virus diseases, ETUDE D'IMPACT, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Cote d'Ivoire, Infectious Diseases, FEMME, HIV-1, ENQUETE, Marital status, Female, business
Abstract

The reproductive histories of 1201 consecutive women attending a prenatal clinic in Abidjan Ivory Coast in 1997 were investigated to determine whether HIV-infected women become pregnant less often than HIV-negative women. This issue is important because if HIV-positive women have fewer pregnancies or more miscarriages than other women then women who visit antenatal clinics are not representative of all women of childbearing age and HIV prevalence is underestimated at these centers. All women were unaware of their HIV status at study entry. 169 women (14.3%) were HIV-positive but it was not possible to determine whether the pregnancies occurred before or after infection. The mean age at first coitus was 16 years among HIV-positive and 17 years among HIV-negative women. The mean number of pregnancies was higher among HIV-positive women under 20 years of age than HIV-negative women of this age (2.1 vs. 1.7) but this trend was reversed from age 25 years onward (4.2 vs. 4.7). The interval between the last two pregnancies was longer among HIV-infected women than uninfected women (36.4 vs. 33 months). The gap was greatest among women 25-29 years of age (51.8 vs. 35.7 months). In multivariate analysis after adjustment for age last pregnancy outcome duration of postpartum amenorrhea use of contraceptives during this interval marital status and educational level HIV infection significantly delayed the occurrence of the current pregnancy (Cox model hazard ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.69-0.99). Since HIV infection appears to compromise physiologic ability to become pregnant HIV prevalence assessed at antenatal centers should be adjusted for the fertility differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women.

Published
1999

37. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Africa : uptake of pregnant women in a clinical trial in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Author

R. Ramon, Msellati P, C Welffens Ekra, Dabis F, Valentin Noba, Ida Viho, and Laurent Mandelbrot

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, TRANSMISSION, ZIDOVUDINE, Immunology, Population, ESSAI CLINIQUE, Developing country, TRAITEMENT MEDICAL, Zidovudine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), GROSSESSE, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, SANTE PUBLIQUE, education, education.field_of_study, Pregnancy, Obstetrics, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), SIDA, virus diseases, medicine.disease, PREVALENCE, Clinical trial, Infectious Diseases, Clinical research, business, VIH-1, VIH-2, medicine.drug
Abstract

Before implementation of a tolerance and efficacy trial of zidovudine (ZDV) in Abidjan Ivory Coast the acceptability of HIV screening was probed among women attending the Yopougon Health Center for their first prenatal visit in 1996-97. Of the 2219 prenatal clients who were eligible for AZT 395 (17.8%) refused HIV testing--primarily because of fear of the result. Of the 1824 women who consented to testing 279 (15.3%) were HIV-positive (249 for HIV-1 21 for HIV-2 and 9 with dual reactions). 204 HIV-positive women returned for their test result. Of these women 3 refused the confirmation test and 29 were lost to follow-up after the second test leaving 172 women for pre-inclusion. However 101 of these women were subsequently excluded for reasons including return visit too late in pregnancy for AZT planned delivery outside of Abidjan change of mind and loss to follow-up before formal inclusion. Thus only 71 women received the trial treatment. The only significant difference between these 71 women and those who did not complete the selection process was that the former women were older (mean age 26 years) than the latter (mean age 24 years). The finding that it was necessary to perform HIV tests in 1824 women to recruit 71 women for a clinical trial of ZDV indicates a need for IEC campaigns aimed at women of childbearing age about maternal-child HIV transmission and its prevention.

Published
1998

38. Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus subtype A in women seroconverting post partum and their offspring post-natally infected by ingestion of breast milk

Author

P. Van de Perre, Arlette Simonon, Msellati P, E. Karita, Mulder-Kampinga Ga, Jaap Goudsmit, C L Kuiken, Faculteit der Geneeskunde, and Other departments

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Offspring, HIV Antigens, Population, Molecular Sequence Data, Gene Products, gag, HIV Infections, Breast milk, Biology, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, Recombinant virus, gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Virus, Evolution, Molecular, Viral Proteins, Virology, Epidemiology, medicine, Ingestion, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Prospective Studies, Seroconversion, education, Phylogeny, reproductive and urinary physiology, education.field_of_study, Milk, Human, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Infant, Newborn, Rwanda, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Peptide Fragments, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, Female, sense organs
Abstract

The evolution of genomic RNA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), subtype A, was studied in three Rwandan mother-child pairs over a period of 12-30 months. In two pairs a homogeneous subtype A V3 sequence population was observed at seroconversion and the virus populations in the children resembled those in the mothers. One of these mother-child pairs was infected with an A/C recombinant virus (Ap17/Cp24). In the third pair, a heterogeneous V3 sequence population was observed in the maternal seroconversion sample but the V3 sequence population in the child's sample was homogeneous. In each individual the intra- and intersample variation (between the seroconversion and follow-up samples) increased over time in both the V3 region and p17gag. Independent evolution for 1-2 years did not abolish the epidemiological relationship between virus populations in mother and child.

Published
1997

39. Net survival of perinatally and postnatally HIV-infected children: a pooled analysis of individual data from sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Marston, M., primary, Becquet, R., additional, Zaba, B., additional, Moulton, L. H., additional, Gray, G., additional, Coovadia, H., additional, Essex, M., additional, Ekouevi, D. K., additional, Jackson, D., additional, Coutsoudis, A., additional, Kilewo, C., additional, Leroy, V., additional, Wiktor, S., additional, Nduati, R., additional, Msellati, P., additional, Dabis, F., additional, Newell, M.-L., additional, and Ghys, P. D., additional

Published
2011
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40. Seroincidence of HIV-1 infection in African women of reproductive age: a prospective cohort study in Kigali, Rwanda, 1988-1992

Author

Msellati P, Nsengumuremyi F, Saba J, Arlette Simonon, Dabis F, Leroy, P. Lepage, Roger Salamon, E. Karita, and Van de Perre P

Subjects
Adult, Male, EPIDEMIOLOGIE, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Immunology, Population, HIV Infections, Cohort Studies, DIAGNOSTIC, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), GROSSESSE, Pregnancy, INFECTION, HIV Seropositivity, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Cumulative incidence, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education, Prospective cohort study, SEROLOGIE, education.field_of_study, SIDA, Obstetrics, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, ANALYSE DES COHORTES, Rwanda, VIRUS HIV-1, medicine.disease, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, FEMME, DEPISTAGE, Cohort, HIV-1, Female, business, TRANSMISSION FOETOMATERNELLE, Postpartum period, INCIDENCE, Cohort study, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To estimate the seroincidence of HIV-1 infection among women of reproductive age in Kigali, Rwanda.Fixed prospective cohort followed for 36 months between November 1988 and June 1992, as part of an ongoing study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.Centre Hospitalier, Kigali, Rwanda.A total of 216 HIV-seronegative women were enrolled at delivery between November 1988 and June 1989.A blood sample was obtained at delivery to test for HIV antibodies (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot). Serum was tested every 3 months during follow-up. Incidence density rates of HIV seroconversion were estimated.The follow-up rate after 3 years was 89%, assessed by the maximum person-years method. The seroincidence density rate was 3.5 per 100 women-years (95% confidence interval, 1.9-5.0). It decreased linearly from 7.6 during the first 6-months postpartum to 2.5 per 100 women-years during the last 6 months of the third year of follow-up. Maternal age did not affect HIV incidence rates. We examined the role of the cohort, counselling, and the first 6-month postpartum effects on this estimate.This fixed cohort provided an overall estimation of the HIV infection incidence rate and its dynamics. These figures could be used for programming future HIV preventive vaccine efficacy trials in Rwanda.The objective was to estimate the seroincidence of HIV-1 infection among women of reproductive age in Kigali, Rwanda. A fixed prospective cohort followed a total of 216 HIV-seronegative women for 36 months between November 1988 and June 1992 at Centre Hospitalier, Kigali, Rwanda. A study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 has been going on at the Centre Hospitalier de Kigali since November 1988. A group of HIV-seronegative women matched by maternal age and parity was consecutively selected as a comparison group. The mean maternal age was 25.1 years (SD, 4.5 years), and the total number of pregnancies was 2.7 (SD, 1.8). A blood sample was obtained at delivery to test for HIV antibodies (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot). Serum was tested every 3 months during follow-up. The follow-up rate after 3 years was 89.2% (577/646.75), assessed by the maximum person-years method. 20 seroconversions were documented during the first 36 months of follow-up among the 216 women seronegative at inclusion, yielding a cumulative incidence of 11.2%. The largest number of seroconversions (8/20; 40%) was observed in the first 6 months of the postpartum period. The seroincidence density rate was 3.5/100 women-years (95% confidence interval, 1.9-5.0). It decreased linearly from 7.6 during the first 6-months postpartum to 2.5 per 100 women-years during the last 6 months of the third year of follow-up (P = 0.01). Maternal age did not affect HIV incidence rates. We examined the role of the cohort, counseling, and the first 6-month postpartum effects on this estimate. The study confirms that pregnant women may represent a population in which the HIV seroincidence is high and concentrated in the immediate postpartum period. Pregnant women should become a potential target group for future large scale vaccination trials and programs with adequate follow-up. These figures could be used for programming future HIV preventive vaccine efficacy trials in Rwanda.

Published
1994

41. Vaginal disinfection with benzalkonium chloride and vertical transmission of HIV-1 in West Africa: diatrame ANRS 049b trial

Author

Msellati P, Laurent Mandelbrot, Nicolas Meda, Valériane Leroy, Dabis F, Christiane Welffens-Ekra, and P. Van de Perre

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Immunology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), medicine.disease_cause, Virology, Surgery, West africa, law.invention, Benzalkonium chloride, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), law, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, business, medicine.drug
Published
2001

42. Zidovudine and reduction of vertical transmission of HIV in Africa. ANRS 049 Trial Group

Author

Nicolas Meda, P Van de Perre, Christiane Welffens-Ekra, Laurent Mandelbrot, Vincent Leroy, Dabis F, and Msellati P

Subjects
Counseling, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Letter, Time Factors, Anti-HIV Agents, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Cote d ivoire, medicine.disease_cause, law.invention, Zidovudine, Pregnancy, law, Burkina Faso, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Infant newborn, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Breast Feeding, Cote d'Ivoire, Transmission (mechanics), Female, business, Breast feeding, medicine.drug
Published
1999

46. Reasons for attending dental-care services in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Author

Varenne B, Msellati P, Zoungrana C, Fournet F, and Salem G

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine why patients attend dental-care facilities in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and to improve understanding of the capacity of oral health-care services in urban west Africa. METHODS: We studied a randomly selected sample of patients attending 15 dental-care facilities in Ouagadougou over a 1-year period in 2004. Data were collected using a simple daily record form. FINDINGS: From a total of 44,975 patients, the final sample was established at 14,591 patients, of whom 55.4% were new patients and 44.6% were 'booking patients'. Most patients seeking care (71.9%) were aged 15-44 years. Nongovernmental not-for-profit dental services were used by 41.5% of all patients, 36% attended private dental-care services, and 22.5% of patients visited public services. The most common complaint causing the patient to seek dental-care services was caries with pulpal involvement (52.4%), and 60% of all complaints were associated with pain. The patients' dental-care requirements were found to differ significantly according to sex, health insurance coverage and occupation. CONCLUSION: Urban district health authorities should ensure provision of primary health-care services, at the patients' first point of contact, which are directed towards the relief of pain. In addition to the strengthening of outreach emergency care, health centres should also contribute to the implementation of community-based programmes for the prevention of oral disease and the promotion of oral health. Exchange of experiences from alternative oral health-care systems relevant to developing countries is urgently needed for tackling the growing burden of oral disease. Copyright © 2005 World Health Organization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005

48. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in developing countries: recommendations for practice. The Ghent International Working Group on Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV.

Author

Dabis, F, Newell, M L, Fransen, L, Saba, J, Lepage, P, Leroy, V, Cartoux, M, Meda, N, Whynes, D K, Peckham, C, Nduati, R, Msellati, P, Vincenzi, I D, and van de Perre, P

Abstract

Objectives: Different approaches to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV are being evaluated in developing countries. The first trials using a short regimen of zidovudine have been successful in Thailand, Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso. International and local strategies are now being considered. The Ghent International Working Group on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV developed public health policy options to integrate these interventions into basic and maternal and child health (MCH) services.Methods: The following tasks were undertaken: a critical review of randomized trials; an international pooled analysis of late postnatal transmission of HIV through breastfeeding; a review of the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of antiretroviral prophylaxis; a feasibility assessment of preventive strategies, including a postal survey on HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) of pregnant women; the identification of requirements and research priorities for prenatal, obstetric and paediatric care. These projects provided the background for a three-day workshop in Ghent, Belgium, in November 1997. Conclusions were further refined, based on 1998 research findings.Results: A summary of relevant evidence and ten public health recommendations are reported. VCT for pregnant women, a short regimen of zidovudine together with alternatives to breastfeeding currently represent the best option to reduce vertical transmission in most developing countries. The primary goal of the integrated package supporting these interventions is to alleviate overall maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.Conclusion: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV should now be considered for integration into basic health and MCH services of selected countries, with the involvement of governments and donor agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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49. A novel pharmacokinetic approach to predict virologic failure in HIV-1-infected paediatric patients

Author

Bouazza, Naïm, Tréluyer, Jean-Marc, Msellati, Philippe, Van de Perre, Philippe, Diagbouga, Serge, Nacro, Boubacar, Hien, Hervé, Zoure, Emmanuelle, Rouet, François, Ouiminga, Adama, Blanche, Stephane, Hirt, Déborah, and Urien, Saik

Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop in children an HIV dynamic model able to predict simultaneously the viral load and CD4lymphocyte evolutions, and to take into account, through a composite inhibition score, the relative contribution of each drug of the combination efavirenz–didanosine–lamivudine and use this score as a predictor of treatment failure in a multidrug therapy.

Published
2013
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50. Is the Recommended Once-Daily Dose of Lamivudine Optimal in West African HIV-Infected Children?

Author

Bouazza, Naïm, Hirt, Déborah, Bardin, Christophe, Diagbouga, Serge, Nacro, Boubacar, Hien, Hervé, Zoure, Emmanuelle, Rouet, François, Ouiminga, Adama, Blanche, Stephane, Van De Perre, Philippe, Tréluyer, Jean-Marc, Msellati, Philippe, and Urien, Saik

Abstract

ABSTRACTWe aimed in this study to describe lamivudine concentration-time courses in treatment-naïve children after once-daily administration, to study the effects of body weight and age on lamivudine pharmacokinetics, and to simulate an optimized administration scheme. For this purpose, lamivudine concentrations were measured in 49 children after at least 2 weeks of didanosine-lamivudine-efavirenz treatment. A total of 148 plasma lamivudine concentrations were measured, and a population pharmacokinetic model was developed with NONMEM. The influence of individual characteristics was tested using a likelihood ratio test. Children were divided into two groups, according to their pharmacokinetic parameters, thanks to tree regression analysis. For each patient, the area under the curve was derived from estimated individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Different once-daily doses were simulated in each group, to obtain the same exposure in children as the mean effective exposure in adults (8.9 mg/liter·h). A two-compartment model in which the slope of distribution is assumed to be equal to the absorption rate constant adequately described the data. Parameter estimates were standardized for a mean standard body weight using an allometric model. Children were then divided into 2 groups according to body weight: CL/Fwas significantly higher in children weighing less than 17 kg (1.12 liters/h/kg) than in children over 17 kg (0.95 liters/h/kg; P= 0.01). The target mean AUC of 8.9 mg/liters·h was obtained with a 10-mg/kg once-daily lamivudine (3TC) dose for children below 17 kg; the recommended dose of 8 mg/kg seems to be sufficient in children weighing more than 17 kg. These assumptions should be prospectively confirmed.

Published
2010
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