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Objective: to assess the epidemic situation of echinococcosis in the period 2012–2022 in the endemic territories of the Far Eastern Federal District and South of Russia.Materials and methods: based on the data of the annual statistical reporting forms No. 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases", data from the Reference Center for Monitoring Larval Helminthiasis of Rostov Research Institute Microbiology and Parasitology of Rospotrebnadzor, an analysis of the incidence of echinococcosis in the territories of the Far East and South of Russia in the period 2012–2022 was carried out. For seroepidemiological examination of a conditionally healthy population by the ELISA method, the diagnostic kit "Echinococcus-IgG-ELISA-BEST" (JSC "Vector-Best", Novosibirsk) was used.Results: it is shown that the epidemiological situation of echinococcosis is characterized by pronounced territorial unevenness. In the south of Russia, epidemiological problems with echinococcosis persisted in Kalmykia (0.74–2.19 cases per 100,000 population) and in the Astrakhan region (0.60–1.48 cases per 100,000 population). Among the relatively healthy population, the average seropositivity to E.granulosus antigens in the Far East was 5.8%, in the south of Russia — 2,6%. Conclusions: the data obtained indicate an unfavorable epidemiological situation for echinococcosis in a number of regions of the Far East and South of Russia.

The article examines the subject code of the Russian spell tradition using the example of a group of ritual objects of wood origin. This group has received insufficient attention in research, as evidenced by a brief review of the literature. The material for the analysis is the main publications of Russian conspiracies, as well as field materials recorded by the author in the period from 2003 to 2023 in the Omsk Irtysh region. The purpose of this work is to determine the semantic field of a group of wood objects in Russian spells, as well as to identify the relationship between a ritual object and its verbal and symbolic embodiment. The main method of research – historical-typological – allows us to draw typological parallels in order to clarify the boundaries of the semantic field, which includes ritual objects of the group being studied. The article also implements complex and cross-genre approaches. The analysis showed the widespread use of ritual objects of wooden origin in the Russian charm tradition. Objects are included in the text of the conspiracy as independent images and can be used relatively independently of the verbal component of the conspiracy. The semantics of the ritual object is in accordance with the functional and thematic orientation of the spell and is determined by its content. An examination of two objects – a bitch and a sliver – revealed an expansion of their functions and semantic field in in Russian spells of Siberian. This conclusion determines the direction of further research into spells paraphernalia in the aspect of the mutual influence of aboriginal and settler traditions.

Indicators that reflect the transition from unemployment to employment are an important element of the monitoring systems of employment services in EU countries. Monitoring employment trends is a complex task that usually goes beyond quantitative parameters. The correct application and interpretation of the indicators is inseparable from contextual phenomena, and the use of comparative analyses at different scales, e.g. time, territory, makes it possible to increase the informativeness of this indicator. The aim of the paper is to identify, on the basis of the available data, the trends in the transition from unemployed to employment at the national and territorial level, and to forecast possible shirt-term development scenarios for the selected jobplacement indicators. The methodological part of the paper assesses the links between unemployment trends and jobplacement indicators. The methodological approach to the assessment of differentiation of jobplacement indices are described there. On the basis of the data from the customer service units of the national Employment Service, an analysis of the spatial distribution of the transition of the registered unemployed to employment was conducted. The forecast of the indicators was based on short-term historical data from the customer service units and economic context variables. In the face of relatively unfavourable forecasts for the EU economic situation, the paper presents the assumptions for changes in the situation on the Lithuanian labour market in the short term.

The purpose of the article was to consider the possibilities of a modern school in the prevention of risky behavior of adolescents. The focus of the research seems relevant due to the fact that the scientific solution meets the urgent needs of the practice of organizing these activities and fills a certain gap in modern research in overcoming risky behaviors of the younger generation. Methods of comparative analysis of psychological and pedagogical scientific sources were used in the preparation of the material, theoretical analysis of monographic and dissertation materials, documentation on the problems of research using generalization, comparison, systematization and modeling was carried out. The article considers a possible field of prevention of risky behavior at school, which lies at the intersection of three components of the environment of an educational organization. These include motivational-value (formation of factors that stimulate subjects of prevention to obtain a predictable positive result), social-subjective (formation of factors that contribute to the formation and development of subjectivity of adolescents in academic, extracurricular, extracurricular work, additional education, self-government, amateur activity), actualization – creative (formation of factors of creative realization of a teenager, aimed at on the formation of the ability to constructive risk) components. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that it is possible to achieve the predicted result of prevention of risky behavior of adolescents using the capabilities of a modern school resulting from the creation and replenishment of its components.

Introduction. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is an acute highly contagious infection associated with two genotypes of pathogenic Lagovirus. Antibodies to major capsid protein (Vp60) are protective. The aim of the work ‒ is an evaluation of antigenic and immunogenic activity of virus-like particles (VLPs) based on recombinant major capsid proteins of both genotypes of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) (recVP60-GI1 and recVP60-GI2). Materials and methods. Baculovirus-expressed VLPs were evaluated using electron microscopy and administered to clinically healthy 1.53 month old rabbits in a dose of 50 g. Rabbits were challenged with 103 LD50 of virulent strains Voronezhsky-87 and Tula 21 days post immunization. Serum samples were tested for the presence of RHDV-specific antibodies. Results. VLPs with hemagglutination activity forming VLP 3040 nm in size were obtained in Hi-5 cell culture. Specific antibody titers in rabbits measured by ELISA were 1 : 200 to 1 : 800 on 21th day post immunization with VLPs. Immunogenic activity of recVP60-GI1 VLPs was 90 and 40%, while it was 30 and 100% for recVP60-GI2 VLPs after the challenge with RHDV genotypes 1 and 2 respectively. The immunogenicity of two VLPs in mixture reached 100%. Discussion. VLPs possess hemagglutinating, antigenic and immunogenic activity, suggesting their use as components in substances designed for RHDV specific prophylaxis in rabbits. Results of the control challenge experiment demonstrated the need to include the antigens from both RHDV genotypes in the vaccine. Conclusion. Recombinant proteins recVP60-GI1 and recVP60-GI2 form VLPs that possess hemagglutinating an antigenic activity, and provide 90100% level of protection for animals challenged with RHDV GI1 and GI2 virulent strains.

Sentiment analysis is a relevant task in natural language processing, which is often conducted on Internet texts to analyze reviews of products, services, posts, and comments on social media. Unlike most studies, our work focuses on literary texts in the Russian language written during the emotionally charged period of the early 20th century, when a change in the Russian political system and a fundamental shift in society's way of life occurred as a result of socio-economic upheavals such as wars and revolutions. It is assumed that literary texts from this period should also be rich in emotional vocabulary. The main goal of the research described in this article is to study the correlation between the results of sentiment analysis, performed on the material of Russian short stories using several automatic methods, and the average expert evaluation of the emotions that these same texts evoke in modern readers. The results of the study contribute to understanding the evaluative component of literary works vocabulary and can also be used to build recommendation systems aimed at selecting literary texts for readers.

The paper is devoted to the task of searching for mentions of green practices in social media texts. The relevance of this task is dictated by the need to expand existing knowledge about the use of green practices in society and the spread of existing green practices. This paper uses a text corpus consisting of the texts published on the environmental communities of the VKontakte social network. The corpus is equipped with an expert markup of the mention of nine types of green practices. As part of this work, a semi-automatic approach is proposed to the collection of additional texts to reduce the class imbalance in the corpus. The approach includes the following steps: detecting the most frequent words for each practice type; automatic collecting texts in social media that contain the detected frequent words; expert verification and filtering of collected texts. The four machine learning models are compared to find the mentions of green practices on the two variants of the corpus: original and augmented using the proposed approach. Among the listed models, the highest averaged F1-score (81.32%) was achieved by Conversational RuBERT fine-tuned on the augmented corpus. Conversational RuBERT model was chosen for the implementation of the application prototype. The main function of the prototype is to detect the presence of the mention of nine types of green practices in the text. The prototype is implemented in the form of the Telegram chatbot.

Introduction. Treatment of patients with brain metastases is an important problem that should be considered in the framework of combination approach. Introduction of new techniques of drug therapy as well as radiotherapy and neurosurgical treatment allows to significantly increase patient survival. Effective drug therapy and local control of brain metastases are of utmost importance in prediction of overall survival and patient quality of life.Aim. To investigate the prognostic factors for overall survival and intracranial progression (local recurrences, distant metastases) in patients with brain metastases of renal cancer after neurosurgical resection.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the treatment results of 114 patients with metastatic brain lesions due to renal cancer who underwent neurosurgical resection (NSR) at the N. N. Blokhin National medical Research Center of Oncology was performed. Clinical data of 102 (89.5 %) of 114 patients for whom data on survival was available were evaluated. Among them, 80 (78.4 %) of patients died, 22 (21.5 %) are under observation. Extracranial disease status at the time of NSR was known in 82 (71.9 %) patients: 45 (54.8 %) patients had extracranial metastases, and 37 (45.1 %) did not. Total resection of brain metastases with perifocal and perivascular zones was performed in 92 (90.1 %) patients; in other cases, fragmental lesion resection was performed.Results. median overall survival after NSR was 13.8 months (95 % confidence interval 10.3–18.6). per study data, factors affecting overall survival of patients with brain metastases of renal cancer after neurosurgical resection were presence / absence of extracranial metastases and patient’s functional status. Local recurrences in the postoperative cavity after NSR were observed in 24 (21 %) of 114 patients. median time of local recurrence was not achieved. Statistically significant factor of high risk of recurrence in the postoperative cavity was presence of lesions with maximal diameter ≥2 cm. Development of new (distant) metastases was observed in 31 (27.2 %) of 114 patients. median survival without distant metastases in patients with brain metastases after NSR was not achieved. frequencies of distant metastases at 6, 12 and 24 months were 15.5; 24.1 and 35.8 % respectively. per multifactor analysis, factors affecting development of distant metastases in the brain after NSR are multiple metastatic brain lesions and presence of extracranial metastases.Conclusion. Neurosurgical resection in patients with cerebral metastases of renal cancer in the total group leads to median overall survival of 13.8 months. predictors of better overall survival are absence of extracranial metastases and high functional status.

The prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis is 40 to 65%. Improvement of cognitive-oriented therapy and search for its new techniques is considered to be promising for slowing the progression or for recovery of cognitive functions. It is related to low efficacy of medical treatment, preserved neuroplasticity in most patients with multiple sclerosis, positive results of studies on selected cognitive rehabilitation techniques in other nervous system disorders. The spectrum of techniques for cognitive training varies from technically feasible methods using a sheet of paper and a pen to the most advanced ones, such as the use of immersive virtual reality. The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis with virtual reality technologies has not been studied in large-scale randomized placebo-controlled studies.

The paper discusses the possibilities of applying modern natural language processing technologies of opinion mining to investigate and improve the user experience of online-courses students. We analyzed 27 000 student reviews of projects within the Python programming language course. First, we applied keyword extraction algorithms as a way of semantic compression to receive a generalized picture of what users main impressions are. Then we performed sentiment analysis to understand the feelings of students towards the learning process. The used methodology proved to be effective for analyzing user experience and allowed to find out some discrepancies between information in project descriptions and what users' reflection on the project. Two instruments of SA were applied to receive data on users' feelings in general.

This study was undertaken to analyze the effectiveness of cytological diagnostics of endocervical adenocarcinomas. We compared conventional liquid-based cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular testing. A total of 25 endocervical adenocarcinomas, including endocervical adenocarcinomas in situ, were diagnosed using cytological methods over a year. Liquid-based cytology ensured better detection of glandular differentiation signs than conventional cytology. After molecular testing for human papillomavirus (HPV), we performed retrospective analysis of cytological characteristics of all endocervical adenocarcinomas (n = 15).We identified specific cellular characteristics of HPV-associated typical and mucinous adenocarcinomas. We also observed 1 case of non-HPV-related clear-cell and 1 case of non-HPV-related mesonephral adenocarcinoma.Our findings suggest that endocervical adenocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors. Endocervical adenocarcinomas accounted for 10.7 % of all primary cervical carcinomas (n = 214). Eighty percent of all endocervical adenocarcinomas were HPV-related, whereas the remaining 20 % were HPV-negative. We found no cytological differences between invasive endocervical adenocarcinomas and adenocarcinomas in situ.Mutations detected in some of the patients are an important diagnostic criterion that specifies whether the tumor is rare.

The degradation of polylactide (PLA) films of different structures under conditions of controlled composting has been studied. We have demonstrated that PLA underwent degradation within one month in a substrate that simulated standard industrial composting. Regardless of the initial structure of the samples, the number-average molecular weight (Mn) decreased to 4 kDa while the degree of crystallinity increased to about 70% after 21 days of composting. Addition of an inoculant to the standard substrate resulted in the accelerated degradation of the PLA samples for one week due to an abiotic hydrolysis. These findings have confirmed that industrial composting could solve the problem of plastic disposal at least for PLA.

While the population is ageing fast in Lithuania the possible ways of adaptation of older people in labour market should be analysed thoroughly. A small private company operating in the sector of electric installation was selected as a case. Analysis was aimed to reveal the main sector-specific enterprise-level factors for participation in labour market after the official retirement age. Paper presents both employee’s and employer’s perspectives on sustainable employment. The case study presents the experience of the 72 years old electrician and the employer’s undertakings to encourage older workers to continue their careers. The data from the micro-level are analysed within the socio-economic context of the country. The case study shows that a long career is probable when both the business and the employees benefit from it, and the employee’s health condition is satisfying. From the employer’s perspective, the benefits derived from the employment of the high-skilled, experienced, and reliable workers; and from the older employee’s perspective, such aspects as self-realisation and favourable conditions at the workplace have a great value.

The article describes the results of the research, the purpose of which was to evaluate the influence of linguistic preprocessing on the interpretability of topic models for literary texts. The study was carried out as part of a large project aimed to obtain topic models of Russian short stories written in the first three decades of the 20th century and divided into three successive historical periods: 1) the period of the beginning of the century before the First World War (1900-1913), 2) the time of acute social cataclysms, wars and revolutions (World War I, the February and October revolutions, and the Civil War) (1914-1922), and 3) the early Soviet period (1923-1930). The material of the study was 3 samples of different sizes for each period, containing 100, 500 and 1000 short stories each. Preprocessing included lemmatization using spaCy library and four POS-filtering options: 1) nouns only, 2) nouns and verbs, 3) nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, and 4) no filtering. Using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), 36 thematic models were built (9 models for each preprocessing option). The research showed that in case of literary texts topic models built without any POS filters are the most interpretable. The study made it possible to obtain information about topic diversity of Russian short stories, to assess their expert interpretability, and to offer some recommendations for optimizing topic modeling, which are to be used in the development of artificial intelligence systems that process large volumes of literary texts.

Retrospective analysis of the usage of fine needle aspiration breast cytolology has been represented in the present work. The potentialities of cytological diagnostics according to Yokohama system with characteristics of C1–C5 categories were estimated. The results of cytological conclusions of 4778 patients with breast lesions who had been examined in the Altay oncological dispensary during the year were studied. Fine needle aspiration breast cytology was used of outpatients in 89.6 % cases. The largest number of patients with pathological changes in the breast was noted in category C2 with benign processes (75.7 % of all cases). Difficult cases for cytological study, where the method could not guarantee the accuracy of the diagnosis, belong to the C3 and C4 categories (1.9 % of all cases). The cytological conclusion recommended the compulsory usage of the core biopsy. Malignant tumors were identified in 853 (19.9 %) patients with an indication of the histological type of tumors.Thus, the cytological technique (as a part of Triple test) should be chosen for outpatients with breast diseases using the Yokohama writing system (C1–C5 categories) of fine needle aspiration cytology.

Budget mobilization and improvements in the quality of tax administration are always among the top priorities for fiscal authorities. During periods of instability the role of tax compliance and budget execution increases even more. Times like these require quick analysis and adaptation of the tax system to changing economic conditions, and do not always allow conventional scientific approaches to be used in the analysis of tax collection. Fiscal authorities are faced with the need to create relatively simple tools for assessing that would allow one to analyze revenues with a minimum set of data and to assess the efficiency of the tax authorities taking into account changes in the macroeconomic environment. The integral index of collection presented in this work can help solve this problem. The essence of the approach is to analyze the coherence of two dynamics: actual tax receipts and their proxy tax base. The methodical advantages of the proposed indicator are its relative simplicity and versatility. It is applicable for most of the tax and non-tax payments and can be used both independently and in conjunction with other indicators of tax collection completeness. The above makes the index a convenient tool for quick analysis at different stages of the budget process—it can be useful not only for ex-post understanding of trends in budget revenues execution and tax administration dynamics, but also for improving the accuracy of budget forecasts ex-ante.

Here, we review an overall effectiveness of interferon-based preparations and interferon biosynthesis inducers for treatment of feline leukemia, as well as development of methodological approaches to improve efficacy of interferon therapy. Feline leukemia is a systemic hematopoietic malignancy caused by a single-stranded RNA retrovirus called Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) that leads to lethal outcome within about 3 years after the onset. FelV is widely distributed in population of domestic cats worldwide, being often detected in the blood of wild cats, including those of rare and endangered species. In some regions, FeLV prevalence may be high not only among domestic cats, but among wild as well. Currently, there are several commercially available vaccines to protect cats from FeLV infection (e.g., inactivated whole-virion vaccines such as Nobivac adjuvanted Feline 2-FeLV, two-adjuvant subunit vaccine FeLV-derived protein antigens as well as non-adjuvanted vector DNA vaccine). However, none of such vaccines provides durable protection. In addition, vaccination of cats against FeLV is often associated with development of diverse inflammatory, allergic and shock complications, and highly serious side effects such as developing vaccine-associated sarcoma at the injection site that some researchers connect with use of adjuvants like aluminum salts etc. We briefly describe FeLV virus, pathogenetic parametersassociated with FeLV infection as well as current technologies for preventing and treating feline leukemia. A historic background and current state of interferon therapy for FeLV infection as well as associated neoplastic processes in domestic cats and some wild species are evaluated. Possible interventions aimed at improving efficiency of interferon therapy of feline leukemia based on using new recombinant interferon preparations of various types and subtypes, as well as interferon inducers are discussed. In conclusion, it is noted that another interesting and potentially highly promising option in defining strategy of biotherapy associated with modulating IFN system in FeLV-infected animals might be to use of synthetic inducers triggering endogenous IFN production.

Aim. To perform a morphological study of seal lice (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) of the genus Antarctophthirus Enderlein, 1906 taken from Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus L., 1758) at Tyuleniy Island, Okhotsk Sea, Russia).Material and Methods. Seal lice were collected from the nasal passages of Northern fur seal C. ursinus pups during a scheduled ecological and virological expedition to Tyuleniy Island in August 2017. Fourteen samples of seal lice (11 imago males, 1 imago female, 1 nymph of the 2nd age, 1 nymph of the 3-rd age) were stored in 70% ethanol at room temperature from the time of collection until the start of the study. Morphological features of the insects were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy and compared with the available data in the scientific literature.Results. Unique patterns of the arrangement of spines were found in the examined samples that is a sufficient species feature for representatives of this family and allows the identification of a new species of seal lice.Conclusion. A new species of seal lice, Antarctophthirus nevelskoyi n.sp., was identified and described and named after the famous Russian explorer of the Far East, Admiral Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy (18131876).

A significant part of modern technologies associated with the development of artificial intelligence systems and digital analytics of diverse data relies on methods of computer text processing (NLP, speech technologies). However, NLP methods are applied primarily to specialized texts, such as scientific literature, technical documentation, news, etc., or social media discourse; fiction texts being usually left out of the focus of NLP practitioners as the fictional world seems to be of less significance or less information value from a practical point of view. Moreover, due to the poetic and metaphorical nature of literary texts, the use of some NLP methods (e.g., topic modeling) for fiction analysis turned out to be more complicated. At the same time, the influence of literature both on the consciousness of individuals and on the formation of social values can hardly be overestimated. Besides, making computers understand fiction in a similar way as humans do would be a real challenge for artificial intelligence. The article puts forward the idea of modeling thematic areas of literature on a national scale, which should reveal the main thematic domains of national literature as a whole. It will allow a better understanding of the cultural traits of the national consciousness in a given historical period and contribute to either literary studies and practical tasks. Methodological approaches to determining and modeling themes of literary works are considered, technical difficulties arising in the process are described, and the ways to solve them are suggested. The proposed methodology has been implemented in the design of the Russian short stories corpus (the first third of the 20th century) and can be applied in the development of artificial intelligence systems that process large volumes of literary texts in any language.

Aim. The aim of this work was to briefly summarize the current understanding of the phenomenon of echolocation in the order of bats (Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779).Discussion. The paper discusses: the place of bats among other taxonomic groups of animals that have the ability of echolocation; the history of the discovery of "ear vision" in bats by L. Spallanzani in the 18th century; the first scientifically based assumptions regarding the use of ultrasound by bats and the discovery of this phenomenon in the middle of the last century; methods for emitting and receiving ultrasound by various taxonomic groups of bats; physical patterns underlying the propagation of ultrasonic waves; characteristics of the returned echo and algorithms for echolocation in bats; echolocation interactions between insectivorous bats and nocturnal moths and possibilities for ultrasonic monitoring of bat populations.Conclusion. The inclusion of ultrasound monitoring of bat populations in integrated ecological and virological studies could form a new point of growth in systems to ensure biological security at both national and global levels.

This article presents the results of training, selection and control of a group of assessors to determine the odour threshold. General recommendations of the European standard EN 13725: 2003 “Air quality － Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry” for the training, selection and supervision of a group of assessors were used in this work. A trained assessor team or panel is the odour measuring instrument. The dynamic olfactometry method was used to determine the concentration of odour in a gas sample. N-butanol was chosen as the odour sample. The experimental setup for the selection and training of a group of assessors to determine the odour threshold is a information measuring system. This information measuring system provides high accuracy and reliability of measurements. The authors chose the Scentroid SM 100 olfactometer and the Agilent 7800 A gas chromatography-mass spectrometer with a 5975C mass-selective detector as a mean of measuring in information system. The referenced value of odour threshold for n-butanol was set to 38 ppb for a panel of 8 selected n-butanol assessors. The number of steps in the dilution series was 6. The instrumental dilution range was 11 ppb to 145 ppb.

According to observation data obtained at the drinking water intake in the Kamyanske reservoir in the village of Auly, the basic patterns of water blooming were specified. Water abstraction in here is performed from the depth of 8-9 m, which roughly corresponds to a mid-point of the maximum depths. It was determined that the number of algae per unit volume is very large - significantly higher than at the water intake of the Dnieper Water Supply Station (DWSS), which is located in the downstream of the Kyivska HPP. In some cases, it may exceed 1000 million in 1 dm3. During the study period, a decrease in algae amount was recorded, mainly, starting from 2018. The largest algae amount per a volume unit is usually observed in September, i.e. later than in the surface layer of water. The largest algae amount was recorded in September of 2010 and 2014. The factors that contributed to the development of algae at this time are given. Such factors were primarily high air and water temperatures, as well as low cloud cover. There is some delay in changing weather conditions. From June to November, blue-green algae are dominant in the water intake in the village of Auly, the share of which in August-October reaches 95-99%. From December to April, diatomic algae are dominant. The share of green algae is the highest in summer, but it does not usually exceed 2-3% of the total. The significant development of algae in the Kamyanske Reservoir is confirmed by remote sensing data. According to satellite data, it was found out that in this reservoir the largest blooming is observed in the place of water intake location. The dependence of water blooming on hydrometeorological conditions, in particular the direction of wind currents is also shown. The dominance of the northeast wind over the Kamyanske Reservoir in the summer causes a wind setup to the water intake, which results in the increase in the number of algae cells per volume unit.

Currently, the heterogeneity of economic space, relatively low development rates and negative trends in the socio-economic development of individual territories, and limited resource opportunities (including investment opportunities) are among the significant problems of municipalities. One of the mechanisms for solving them at the level of local government bodies is the institution of inter-municipal cooperation. The aim of the paper is to analyze the possibilities of territorial and sectoral inter-municipal cooperation aimed at overcoming the negative imbalances of the region's investment development (based on a case study of the Vologda region). The methods of cluster analysis and time series analysis were used, as well as tabular and graphic methods for the visual representation of the study results, the application packages MS Excel and STATISTICA. The paper examines the main trends in the development of inter-municipal cooperation processes in the Russian economy, identifies the specifics of the interaction of municipal entities in the Vologda region, and presents a territorial and sectoral approach to the development of different forms of cooperation based on the example of the Vologda region. The obtained results can be used by regional and local authorities in the development of investment policy, the formation of a system of organizational and economic mechanisms for the intensification of investment processes in the region. The study materials presented in the paper may be interesting for scientific discussion, for use in scientific and educational activities.

Cholelithiasis and acute/chronic pancreatitis are some of the most common diseases in the practice of any doctor. There are numerous causes of cholelithiasis and pancreatitis (age, female gender, pregnancy, obesity, etc.), but the impact of hormones on these disorders is still poorly understood. One of the conditions for the formation of stones in the biliary tract is an increased level of fat in blood. Adrenocorticotropic hormone, somatotropic hormone, thyrotropic hormone, insulin, and thyroid hormones have lipotropic activity. In particular, deficiency of thyroxine and triiodothyronine disrupts fat metabolism in the body. There is also some evidence that reduced evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract increases the risk of cholelithiasis, which is probably a result of hypothyroidism. Pancreas functioning is also affected by hormones. Hypothyroidism can be accompanied by a decrease in calcitonin secretion, which will eventually lead to the development of chronic pancreatitis.Objective: to analyze the studies evaluating the impact of hypothyroidism on the formation of concretions in the biliary tract and the risk of acute or chronic pancreatitis and to report a case.Materials and methods. We analyzed the impact of hypothyroidism on the incidence of cholelithiasis and acute or chronic pancreatitis and reported a case of these disorders.Results and discussion. There is evidence that patients with hypothyroidism have increased serum levels of cholesterol; hypothyroidism causes cholestasis, while in patients with cholelithiasis, concomitant thyroid disorders significantly reduce the contractility of the gall bladder. Cholelithiasis was observed in 44.6% of patients with thyroid nodules, 33.3% of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), and 22.2% of patients with primary and postoperative hypothyroidism. In 31.9% of women with thyroid hypofunction, concretions in the bile duct developed within 1–1.5 years after hypothyroidism diagnosis. In the study evaluating cases of concomitant hypothyroidism and chronic pancreatitis, the examination of patients with primary hypothyroidism revealed signs of pancreatic dysfunction in 64.1% of patients. Pancreatic dysfunction manifests itself with various changes in exocrine and endocrine functions and aggravates with hypothyroidism progression.Conclusion. Both literature data and our clinical experience confirm that hypothyroidism of any origin leads to the development of cholelithiasis and pancreatitis; therefore, the patients require preventive measures in advance.

Functionalization of heterocyclic systems with sulfur- and phosphorus-containing pharmacophores has long shown itself as an effective method for construction of new bioactive substances. At the same time, some types of the compounds are represented by only a few examples, and it prevents further evaluation of the contribution of certain structural elements to biological effects of the sulfonyl- and phosphoryl-substituted heterocyclic derivatives studied. Therefore, a relevant task for organic and medicinal chemistry still remains development of new methods for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with sulfonyl and phosphoryl groups, as well as determination of the biological activity of these substances. A structural variety of sulfonyl- and phosphoryl-substituted heterocycles can be achieved by using heterofunctional low-molecular compounds with sulfonyl and phosphoryl groups. This review highlights the information on biologically active heterocyclic compounds synthesized from acrylonitriles and enamines of sulfones, phosphine oxides, and phosphonates series.

The purpose of the article is to actualize the problems of personality values and senses in university teachers’ professional activities. The authors present and substantiate the methodology for identifying the relation between personal significance for teachers of various aspects of their professional activities and time costs for the implementation of these aspects (components). The methodology is based on their pairwise comparison. This comparison is carried out first by the criterion of the significance of these aspects, and after 1-2 weeks – by the criterion of their time cost. Based on their own work as well as other studies, the authors identify three of the most timeconsuming aspects of teachers’ activity: the preparation and conducting of lessons and lectures; scientific products creation; work with documents. It is confirmed that the preparation and conducting of lessons and lectures as well as the preparation of various plans, programs, reports, etc. are the dominant components of university teachers’ activity. The disparity between the personal significance and time costs is the smallest if it concerns preparation of lessons. In this case, the time cost is compensated by understanding of its importance. As for work with documents, such compensation does not exist here. So, it turns into a potential source of internal tensions and conflicts. The component “creation of scientific products” is quite contradictory: time costs for it subjectively seem quite large while this component is perceived as not high significant. This is consistent with other studies that show that this aspect of activity often turns out to be formally motivated, not related to serious scientific research. In the article, the situation, empirically recognized by many authors, gets a fundamentally new interpretation, as the temporal parameter acquires the status of value. The authors propose to consider time costs in relation to various aspects of university teachers’ activities in this particular context.

An attempt to establish the relationship between the formation of meta-subject competencies in delinquent adolescents in the framework of educational and extracurricular activities in an educational institution and the transition of forms of its behavioral manifestations from social disapproval to behavior regulated by legal norms was made. The authors outline that in order to structure knowledge about metasubject competencies, they are classified into meta-activities, meta-ways and meta-abilities that directly affect the rehabilitation of delinquent adolescents by means of educational and extracurricular activities organized in an educational institution. Methods of research: comparative and theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, monographs and thesis works, documentation; generalization, comparison, systematization. Research result. The authors come to the conclusion that delinquent adolescent, due to the features of their socially disapproved forms of life, have well-defined formed competencies, but apply them in asocial behavioral manifestations. The article pays attention to the importance of improving the effectiveness of activity of educational institutions on the formation of delinquent adolescents’ metasubject competencies as a means of overcoming adolescent deviation. However, attention is drawn to the possible risks in this area of activity due to the delinquent adolescents’ frequent absence from school, so the authors also paid attention to the need to form academic motivation in delinquent adolescents to achieve the goals of forming metasubject competencies and overcoming delinquency.

The aim of the study is to estimate potentiality of the cytological diagnostics of different types of mucin producing carcinomas of the breast.Materials and methods. Cytological evidences of the investigation of 35 patients with mucinous mass in cytological specimens were studied. Different types of mucinous carcinomas which had been diagnosed by cytological method were identified retrospectively.Results. “Pure” mucous carcinomas were divided into two types: hypocellular (A) and hypercellular (B) (n = 9 (25.7 %) and 14 (40 %), respectively). Mixed carcinomas (mucous carcinoma with invasive no special type carcinoma) were noticed of 12 women (34.3 %). 24 cell characteristics of mucin producing carcinomas were identified. Some cytological characteristics were estimated due to multiple factor analysis and discriminant analysis.Conclusions. Investigation results indicated that cytological technique is a high-quality diagnostic method. The fraction of correct classification of mucous carcinoma types based on discriminant analysis was 92–99 %.The study protocol was approved by the biomedical ethics committee of The Altai State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia.

Background. In modern psychology the study of mechanisms of creative thinking is of great interest. Attention is one of the important factors affecting the operation of intuitive thinking component. The Objective of the paper is to study the effect of anticipatory attention on the insight and analytical frequency in solving anagrams. Design. During the experiment, the participants performed two successive tasks. The first task included stimuli identification when the subjects were presented with stimuli — anagrams and pseudowords. The task was to identify the anagram correctly. In the second task (if the stimulus had been the anagram), the participants had to solve the anagram, noting whether the solution was analytical or an insight. The anagram and pseudoword had different letter order. The participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group whose subjects were informed about the difference and were asked to use it for a lexical solution and the control group whose subjects were not informed about the difference. It was expected that the identification of the anagram in the first task will shape anticipatory attention patterns for the experimental group, which will affect the frequency of insight solutions in the second task. Results. The subjects of the experimental group were found to have a correlation relationship between the speed characteristics of the first and second tasks for analytical solutions. For insight solutions, no such connection was found. Conclusion. The results demonstrate that insights and analytical solutions are the result of two separate processes of finding solutions that proceed in parallel.

Modern advances in oncology can achieve significantly better results in terms of life expectancy in patients with metastatic brain disease. The combination of surgery, systemic therapy, whole brain irradiation and local methods of radiation therapy lead to good indicators for controlling the manifestations of the disease in the brain. Of course, intensification of treatment increases the risk of iatrogenic complications. The use of aggressive stereotactic radiotherapy regimens leads not only to high local control of irradiated metastases, but also to the risk of so-called radiation necrosis. The use of the most up-to-date diagnostic methods does not always allow one to unequivocally differentiate radiation necrosis from continued metastasis growth. The above example shows the need for a careful assessment of such situations and a multidisciplinary approach to interpreting the results of stereotactic radiotherapy.

Objective of research: A study on the parasite fauna in dogs and cats of different age in the city of Vladivostok Materials and methods: 154 dogs and 81 cats from 1 month to 18 years of age were investigated in the period from December 2013 to December 2014 at the Department of Biodiversity and Marine Biological Resources of Far Eastern Federal University and veterinary clinics of the city of Vladivostok. Fecal tests were performed by Fullenborn's method. Microscopic examinations of earwax and skin scrapings were carried out to detect ectoparasites. To detect mycoses, we used for inoculation the dense rich nutrient medium (Sabouraud agar). Results and discussion: In 2014, parasitic diseases were registered mostly in cats and dogs over 36 months of age. We did not observe the high extensity of invasion caused by different types of ecto and endoparasites, except O. cynotis that induced infestation in 90% of cats under one year of age. In 1993-1994, high levels of parasite infection were determined in cats and dogs from 1 mo. to 3 years of age. The ectoparasite fauna was more diverse and included in particular such species as Psoroptes sp., Sarcoptes canis, Trichodectes canis and Ctenocephalides cati that were not discovered in 2014. In 1993-1994, dermatophytosis was spread among cats and dogs of different age groups, while in 2014 only single cases of fungal skin infections caused by dermatophytes were reported.

Soil quality is its ability to perform the most important ecological functions, determining the conditions for the existence of biota and the quality of adjacent spheres – water and air. This article is devoted to the study of the remediated area after oil pollution, subject to overgrowing. A comprehensive assessment of the ability of the remediated soil to provide ecosystem services has been conducted. The properties of the remediated soil were assessed with traditional physicochemical methods. The ability of the established Technosol to create ecosystem services was assessed by microbiological activity, the composition of vegetation on the site, as well as by phytotesting to determine the redox activity of the test culture. Technosol properties (pH, organic carbon content, catalase activity, CO2 efflux) varied greatly within the remediated area, which was also reflected in the phytotesting results. In certain areas of the investigated territory Technosol had a good ecological state, but in other areas it had a satisfactory and unsatisfactory state with moderate to severe toxicity. The residual content of oil products in the layer of 20–50 cm under the brought soil had a negative effect on the height of the test culture. A close correlation was established between the indicators of microbiological activity and the state of the test culture (height, weight, redox activity), together they reflected the ability of Technosol to provide ecosystem services or perform the ecological functions of the soil. Residual oil products and the associated certain toxicity did not interfere with the self-overgrowth process of Technosol.

Digital learning has become an everyday experience for a significant part of the population during a pandemic, regardless of their technical and psychological readiness. Both the more and less technologically advanced countries have faced the inevitable need for large-scale deployment of digital learning. This paper presents an assessment of the development of digital learning in Lithuania and the EU countries in 2019, i.e., before the pandemic began. The evaluation is carried out using the Index of Readiness for Digital Lifelong Learning, developed by the Center for European Policy Studies (CEPS) using official indicators and expert evaluation. Despite the growing number of studies aimed at assessing the digital divide in modern society and in education in particular, there is still a lack of empirical material to shed light on the link between the extent of digitalization, its determinants (such as national governance in promoting digitalization), and changes in learning outcomes caused by digitalization. The findings from the CEPS study presented in the paper are the first attempt to move beyond the assessment of the prevalence of learning digitalization in different European countries, taking a holistic view of digitalisation-induced changes in learning outcomes and participation with a special focus on digital learning policy as an important component of digitalisation development. The aim of this article is to assess the digital learning situation in Lithuania using the Index of Readiness for Digital Lifelong Learning, which was developed before the pandemic in 2019. The progress of European Union countries in developing digital learning is reviewed in the paper, based on the results of CEPS (2019) research. The Index of Readiness for Digital Lifelong Learning and the results of Lithuania’s assessment using the methodology developed by CEPS are presented here. The description of the situation in Lithuania is based on the second component of the Index titled “Institutions and policies for digital learning”. In order to qualitatively assess the country’s strategic provisions for digital learning, the method of analysis of the country’s strategic documents was applied. Public expert opinions were included into the analysis of the situation in Lithuania. An interpretation of the comparative analysis of the obtained index values is presented. Standard indicators from the Eurostat, Eurobarometer, OECD, Bertelsmann Stiftung, World Bank, and expert surveys were used to create the combined Index of Readiness for Digital Lifelong Learning. The index is constructed as a weighted average of indicators divided into three categories: learning participation and outcomes, institutions and policies for digital learning, and availability of digital learning. The assessment of the situation in the EU countries, carried out according to the developed methodology, allowed to calculate the value of the Index for each country. Lithuania ranks 11th in the overall EU-27 ranking with an Index value of 0.623. A more detailed analysis allowed us to see that the countries’ ratings can differ significantly according to the different categories of the Index. The Scandinavian countries lead in terms of learning participation and outcomes and, together with the Netherlands and Austria, in terms of availability of digital learning. Southern European countries received relatively high ratings in the Index category “institutions and policies for digital learning”, which reflects their determination to strengthen their position in the digital world. Estonia and the Netherlands also found themselves among the leaders in this category. Lithuania’s relatively high position in the list is also based on positive evaluations of the indicators of the second component of the Index (i.e., policies and institutions), while participation and learning outcomes were assessed modestly. Using the example of Lithuania, the article provides arguments in favor of why the second component of the Index should not be given.

In order to expand the range of balanced, high-quality, and safe dairy products, constant work is required to create new technologies, control the quality, as well as to develop new methods for the identification of plant additives. The paper presents some results of the development and quality assessment of cottage cheese mousse with pumpkin puree using physicochemical methods and molecular genetic analysis. An analysis of organoleptic and physicochemical methods revealed that the quality and safety of Adagio pumpkin (S. rero.) corresponds with the State Standard 7975-2013 and Sanitary Regulations 2.3.2.1078-01. The authors introduce a new method for pumpkin puree production. An experiment demonstrated that pumpkin puree meets organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators stated in the requirements of State Standard 32742-2014. The composition of biologically active nutrients was determined as follows: the content of pectin substances was 2.27 g/100 g, fiber – 1.5 g/100 g, and β-carotene – 2.97 mg/100 g. The paper describes a scientifically-based formula and a new technology for the production of a high nutritional value product, i.e. curd mousse with pumpkin puree. The research also included a quality and safety assessment of the developed mousse. A molecular genetic analysis was used to identify pumpkin in the semi-finished product and dairy product. Based on the GenBank NCBI database, the matK chloroplast genome gene was chosen as the target gene. With the help of various software packages based on the matK gene, universal primers were developed and designed. Optimal parameters for amplifying fragments of species-specific pumpkin DNA were defined experimentally. Electrophoregrams were made to visualize the presence of pumpkin in the puree and cottage cheese mousse. As a result, the classical polimerase chaim reaction (PCR) method was recommended to identify pumpkin in food products with the determination of amplification products in agarose gel using primers developed on the basis of the matK gene of the chloroplast genome.

On the basis of complex paleogeographic studies, we have created a large-scale paleo-landscape map covering the territory of the Andreevskoye lake flow system, in-between the Tura and the Pyshma rivers (West Siberia), for the interval of 2850–2600 cal. BP. According to the mapping results, the areas of key vegetation types were determined. By selecting modern analogues, we calculated the ecological capacity of the territory, as well as its biological productivity potential for providing plant and animal resources. In the past, spatio-temporal changes in the share of the main plant communities were based on the degree of area drainage varying with different climatic conditions. As a result of palynological and geochemical studies, a trend towards increasing humidity and falling temperature was identified in the given chronological interval. In this regard, the map shows a large proportion of birch forests and damp meadows, whereas coniferous forests and swamps were less dominant in the landscapes as compared to present times. In 2850–2600 cal. BP, the territory of the Andreevskoye lake system was developed by the representatives of the Itkul culture. On the basis of data on the natural resources available in the territory, the bioproductivity potential for producing and appropriating economy was calculated. The calculations are based on historical and ethnographic analogies and take into account the fact that producing industries used only 20–22 % of the territory's resource base. Evidently, the greatest amount of food was provided by fishing rather than by hunting and producing industries. Fishing was of paramount importance, as evidenced by the location of settlements (mainly on the lake shores). Reconstructed data on the territory's resource supply, allowed us to determine a possible size of the Itkul population having lived in the territory of the Andreevskoye lake system. The calculations used the data on the energy value of various products, taking energy consumption of people involved in vigorous physical activity into account. In the given chronological interval of 2850–2600 cal. BP, local resources allowed for the possibility of simultaneous residence of about 280–373 people. The indicator of resource availability in the territory allows the paleodemographic calculations to be significantly adjusted using methods for estimating a dwelling area, since they determine the population density limit, provided the land is used simultaneously. The figures obtained for the number of Itkul population correspond only to the minimum values, calculated by taking the area and number of dwellings of this culture into account.

In the article the structure of the soteriological myth about Salvator salvatus (the saved Saviour), based on material of the early Christian text “The Hymn of the Pearl” from the “Acts of Thomas” is presented; it is the key to understanding of a number of Gnostic ideas widespread in European and Russian culture. In the myth reflecting the extremely dualistic concept of the world, the idea is that the Savior, who came to release the souls of the chose generation from the captivity of matter, himself needs salvation, since becomes a victim of the world in which he came, so a “hero” appears, sent by the world of Light to save the Savior. Supported by original texts, examine the Gnostic ideologems such as the dualistic vision of the world, the negative understanding of urban topos as the world of material evil, the motive of assimilating the Savior to someone else, the figurative triad of the demiurge-soulSavior, the idea of the chose generation, etc., were considered at the subject and figurative level in the novel “The Idiot”. The article also lists the most obvious sources of some Gnostic elements of the text, for example, the work of Schiller and Shakespeare, Schelling’s philosophy. A detailed analysis proved not only the Gnostic orientation of Dostoevsky’s philosophical thought, not familiar with either the apocryphal “Acts of Thomas”, nor the Nag Hammadi texts found in the 20th century, which gives the right to speak about the originality of Dostoevsky’s philosophy, but also does not exclude the possibility of applying to interpretation of the novel gnostic code.