80 results on '"Mononegavirales Infections"'
Search Results
2. A Phase III Clinical Study to Evaluate SYN023's Efficacy and Safety
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Simoon Record Pharma Information Consulting Co., Ltd.
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- 2023
3. Mass General Brigham experts develop laboratory toolkit for patients with viral hemorrhagic fevers such as Marburg virus disease.
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RNA virus infections ,MEDICAL personnel ,VIRUS diseases ,HEALTH facilities ,ANIMAL diseases - Abstract
Mass General Brigham experts have developed a laboratory toolkit to assist frontline healthcare facilities in the U.S. in evaluating patients with viral hemorrhagic fevers like Marburg virus disease. The toolkit includes guidelines for collecting, processing, and reporting laboratory test results, as well as information on infection prevention and control. The goal is to enhance preparedness and diagnostic capacity in healthcare facilities to ensure safe and effective care for patients at risk of VHF. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
4. Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Compositions And Methods For Tracing Cell Networks", for Approval (USPTO 20240151709).
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PATENT applications ,RESEARCH personnel ,ALPHAVIRUSES ,GREEN fluorescent protein - Abstract
This document is a patent application for a method and composition involving a recombinant rabies virus. The invention aims to identify cell-cell contacts in a network of living cells by using a recombinant rabies virus that expresses a foreign virus envelope protein, a fluorescent protein, and a barcode sequence. The method involves infecting a network of living cells with the recombinant virus and isolating mRNA transcripts from cells expressing the fluorescent protein. The sequences of the mRNA transcripts can be analyzed to trace networks within the target cells. The patent application provides detailed claims and descriptions of the invention. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
5. Studies from University of Leuven (KU Leuven) Reveal New Findings on Rabies Virus (A Robust Phenotypic High-Throughput Antiviral Assay for the Discovery of Rabies Virus Inhibitors).
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RABIES virus ,VIRUS inhibitors ,HIGH throughput screening (Drug development) ,PHENOTYPES ,RABIES vaccines - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven) in Belgium has developed a high-throughput antiviral screening assay to identify potential inhibitors of the rabies virus. The assay was used to screen a library of 3,681 drugs, and salinomycin was found to selectively inhibit viral replication by blocking infection at the entry stage. This research is significant because it demonstrates the potential for developing urgently needed drugs to treat symptomatic rabies. The study was supported by the China Scholarship Council. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
6. Kunming University of Science and Technology Reports Findings in DNA Vaccines (Development of a novel multi-epitope oral DNA vaccine for rabies based on a food-borne microbial vector).
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DNA vaccines ,ORAL vaccines ,RABIES vaccines ,SCIENCE journalism ,RABIES virus ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
A recent study conducted by the Kunming University of Science and Technology in China has developed a novel multi-epitope oral DNA vaccine for rabies. The researchers used a food-borne microbial vector as a delivery system for the vaccine. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that the vaccine was able to produce antibodies in mice and prolong their survival time when exposed to the rabies virus. This study suggests that using food-borne microorganisms as a transport vehicle for oral rabies DNA vaccines could be a promising strategy to eradicate rabies in wild animals. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
7. Tissue Distribution of Parrot Bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) in Experimentally Infected Young and Adult Cockatiels (
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Jana, Petzold, Anna Maria, Gartner, Sara, Malberg, Jessica Bianca, Link, Bianca, Bücking, Michael, Lierz, and Christiane, Herden
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Parrots ,Bird Diseases ,Bornaviridae ,Animals ,Cockatoos ,Mononegavirales Infections ,RNA, Viral ,Tissue Distribution ,Phosphoproteins - Abstract
Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) caused by parrot bornavirus (PaBV) infection is an often-fatal disease known to infect Psittaciformes. The impact of age at the time of PaBV infection on organ lesions and tissue distribution of virus antigen and RNA remains largely unclear. For this purpose, tissue sections of 11 cockatiels intravenously infected with PaBV-4 as adults or juveniles, respectively, were examined via histology, immunohistochemistry applying a phosphoprotein (P) antibody directed against the bornaviral phosphoprotein and in situ hybridisation to detect viral RNA in tissues. In both groups of adult- and juvenile-infected cockatiels, widespread tissue distribution of bornaviral antigen and RNA as well as histologic inflammatory lesions were demonstrated. The latter appeared more severe in the central nervous system in adults and in the proventriculus of juveniles, respectively. During the study, central nervous symptoms and signs of gastrointestinal affection were only demonstrated in adult birds. Our findings indicate a great role of the age at the time of infection in the development of histopathological lesions and clinical signs, and thus provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis, possible virus transmission routes, and the development of carrier birds posing a risk to psittacine collections.
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- 2022
8. Canary Bornavirus (
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Monika, Rinder, Noreen, Baas, Elisabeth, Hagen, Katrin, Drasch, and Rüdiger, Korbel
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Circovirus ,Canaries ,Parrots ,Bird Diseases ,Bornaviridae ,Animals ,Humans ,Mononegavirales Infections ,RNA ,Polyomavirus - Abstract
While parrot bornaviruses are accepted as the cause of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in psittacine birds, the pathogenic role of bornaviruses in common canaries is still unclear. To answer the question of whether canary bornaviruses (species
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- 2022
9. Experimental Infection of Embryonic Cells and Embryonated Eggs of Cockatiels (
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Elisa, Wuest, Sarah, Malberg, Jana, Petzold, Dirk, Enderlein, Ursula, Heffels-Redmann, Sibylle, Herzog, Christiane, Herden, and Michael, Lierz
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Parrots ,Bird Diseases ,Bornaviridae ,Animals ,Cockatoos ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Nuclear Proteins ,RNA - Abstract
Parrot bornavirus (PaBV) might be transmitted vertically. Cockatiel embryonic brain cells and embryonated eggs of cockatiels (ECE) were infected with PaBV-2 and PaBV-4. In embryonic brain cells, PaBV-2 and PaBV-4 showed no differences in viral spread despite the slower growth of PaBV-2 compared with PaBV-4 in CEC-32 cells. ECE were inoculated with PaBV-4 and 13-14 dpi, organs were sampled for RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry/histology, and virus isolation. In 28.1% of the embryos PaBV-4-RNA and in 81.3% PaBV-4-antigen was detected in the brain. Virus isolation failed. Division of organ samples and uneven tissue distribution of the virus limited the results. Therefore, 25 ECE were inoculated with PaBV-4 (group 1) and 15 ECE with PaBV-2 (group 3) in the yolk sac, and 25 ECE were inoculated with PaBV-4 (group 2) and 15 eggs with PaBV-2 (group 4) in the chorioallantoic membrane to use the complete organs from each embryo for each examination method. PaBV-RNA was detected in the brain of 80% of the embryos in groups 1, 2, 3 and in 100% of the embryos in group 4. In 90% of the infected embryos of group 1, and 100% of group 2, 3 and 4, PaBV antigen was detected in the brain. PaBV antigen-positive brain cells were negative for anti-neuronal nuclear protein, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein, and anti S-100 staining. Virus was not re-isolated. These results demonstrated a specific distribution pattern and spread of PaBV-4 and PaBV-2 in the brain when inoculated in ECE. These findings support a potential for vertical transmission.
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- 2022
10. Introduction and spread of variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) between exotic squirrels and spill-over infections to humans in Germany
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Franz Josef Conraths, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Vanessa Schulze, Bernd Hoffmann, Dennis Tappe, Donata Hoffmann, Rainer G. Ulrich, Daniel Cadar, Chris Kibbey, Valerie Allendorf, Martin Stangel, Gabriele Ismer, Arnt Ebinger, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Jürgen Rissland, Anna Marthaler, Timo Homeier-Bachmann, Kore Schlottau, Martin Beer, and Frank Leypoldt
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Epidemiology ,animal diseases ,viruses ,zoonotic infection ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Germany ,Zoonoses ,Drug Discovery ,Phylogeny ,Zoonotic Infection ,Sciuridae ,General Medicine ,Bornavirus ,Infectious Diseases ,surveillance ,Encephalitis ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Research Article ,animal trade ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) ,Virology ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,seroprevalence study ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Bayes Theorem ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,time-resolved phylogeny ,nervous system ,Variegated squirrel ,Bornaviridae ,Parasitology ,squirrel - Abstract
The variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) is a recently discovered emerging viral pathogen which causes severe and eventually fatal encephalitis in humans after contact to exotic squirrels in private holdings and zoological gardens. Understanding the VSBV-1 epidemiology is crucial to develop, implement, and maintain surveillance strategies for the detection and control of animal and human infections. Based on a newly detected human encephalitis case in a zoological garden, epidemiological squirrel trade investigations and molecular phylogeny analyses of VSBV-1 with temporal and spatial resolution were conducted. Phylogenetic analyses indicated a recent emergence of VSBV-1 in European squirrel holdings and several animal–animal and animal–human spill-over infections. Virus phylogeny linked to squirrel trade analysis showed the introduction of a common ancestor of the known current VSBV-1 isolates into captive exotic squirrels in Germany, most likely by Prevost’s squirrels (Callosciurus prevostii). The links of the animal trade between private breeders and zoos, the likely introduction pathway of VSBV-1 into Germany, and the role of a primary animal distributor were elucidated. In addition, a seroprevalence study was performed among zoo animal caretakers from VSBV-1 affected zoos. No seropositive healthy zoo animal caretakers were found, underlining a probable high-case fatality rate of human VSBV-1 infections. This study illustrates the network and health consequences of uncontrolled wild pet trading as well as the benefits of molecular epidemiology for elucidation and future prevention of infection chains by zoonotic viruses. To respond to emerging zoonotic diseases rapidly, improved regulation and control strategies are urgently needed.
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- 2021
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11. Hemorrhagic lesion with detection of infected endothelial cells in human bornavirus encephalitis
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Friederike Liesche-Starnecker, Martina Schifferer, Jürgen Schlegel, Yannik Vollmuth, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Claire Delbridge, Jens Gempt, Stefan Lorenzl, Lea Schnurbus, Thomas Misgeld, Marco Rosati, Martin Beer, Kaspar Matiasek, Silke Wunderlich, and Tom Finck
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Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Bornaviridae ,Encephalitis ,Endothelial Cells ,Humans ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Neurology (clinical) ,ddc:610 ,pathology [Endothelial Cells] ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 2022
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12. Immunophenotype of the inflammatory response in the central and enteric nervous systems of cockatiels (
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Jeann, Leal de Araújo, Raquel R, Rech, Aline, Rodrigues-Hoffmann, Paula R, Giaretta, Cinthya, Cirqueira, Raphael Rocha, Wenceslau, Ian, Tizard, and Josué, Diaz-Delgado
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Parrots ,Bird Diseases ,Bornaviridae ,Animals ,Cockatoos ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Enteric Nervous System - Abstract
Proventricular dilatation disease is a lethal disease of psittacine birds. In this study, we characterized the local cellular immune response in the brain, proventriculus, and small intestine of 27 cockatiels (
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- 2022
13. Sendai Virus and a Unified Model of Mononegavirus RNA Synthesis
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Daniel Kolakofsky, Philippe Le Mercier, Machiko Nishio, Martin Blackledge, Thibaut Crépin, Rob W. H. Ruigrok, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Genève] (SIB), Wakayama Medical University, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-19-CE15-0024,LiquidFact,Morphogenèse, organisation et fonctions des usines virales liquides formées par les Mononegavirales(2019), ANR-21-CE15-0026,Bavarian,Le complexe réplicatif du virus de la maladie de Borna: structure, fonction neuronale and interactomique(2021), European Project, and Université de Genève (UNIGE)
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0303 health sciences ,mononegavirus ,[SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM] ,viruses ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Genome, Viral ,Review ,Respirovirus Infections ,Microbiology ,Sendai virus ,QR1-502 ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Virology ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Viral ,RNA synthesis ,Mononegavirales ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
International audience; Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), the founding member of the mononegavirus order (Mononegavirales), was found to be a negative strand RNA virus in the 1960s, and since then the number of such viruses has continually increased with no end in sight. Sendai virus (SeV) was noted soon afterwards due to an outbreak of newborn pneumonitis in Japan whose putative agent was passed in mice, and nowadays this mouse virus is mainly the bane of animal houses and immunologists. However, SeV was important in the study of this class of viruses because, like flu, it grows to high titers in embryonated chicken eggs, facilitating the biochemical characterization of its infection and that of its nucleocapsid, which is very close to that of measles virus (MeV). This review and opinion piece follow SeV as more is known about how various mononegaviruses express their genetic information and carry out their RNA synthesis, and proposes a unified model based on what all MNV have in common.
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- 2021
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14. 100-My history of bornavirus infections hidden in vertebrate genomes
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Yahiro Mukai, Shohei Kojima, Masayuki Horie, Keizo Tomonaga, and Junna Kawasaki
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Primates ,Virus Integration ,Lineage (evolution) ,Retrotransposon ,Genome ,03 medical and health sciences ,biology.animal ,Animals ,Cell Lineage ,Primate ,Clade ,History, Ancient ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Host Microbial Interactions ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,030306 microbiology ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Vertebrate ,Biological Sciences ,Biological Evolution ,Evolutionary biology ,Bornaviridae ,Vertebrates ,Paleovirology - Abstract
Although viruses have threatened our ancestors for millions of years, prehistoric epidemics of viruses are largely unknown. Endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs) are ancient bornavirus sequences derived from the viral messenger RNAs that were reverse transcribed and inserted into animal genomes, most likely by retrotransposons. These elements can be used as molecular fossil records to trace past bornaviral infections. In this study, we systematically identified EBLs in vertebrate genomes and revealed the history of bornavirus infections over nearly 100 My. We confirmed that ancient bornaviral infections have occurred in diverse vertebrate lineages, especially in primate ancestors. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that primate ancestors were infected with various bornaviral lineages during evolution. EBLs in primate genomes formed clades according to their integration ages, suggesting that bornavirus lineages infected with primate ancestors had changed chronologically. However, some bornaviral lineages may have coexisted with primate ancestors and underwent repeated endogenizations for tens of millions of years. Moreover, a bornaviral lineage that coexisted with primate ancestors also endogenized in the genomes of some ancestral bats. The habitats of these bat ancestors have been reported to overlap with the migration route of primate ancestors. These results suggest that long-term virus–host coexistence expanded the geographic distributions of the bornaviral lineage along with primate migration and may have spread their infections to these bat ancestors. Our findings provide insight into the history of bornavirus infections over geological timescales that cannot be deduced from research using extant viruses alone, thus broadening our perspective on virus–host coevolution.
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- 2021
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15. Avian Bornavirus Research—A Comprehensive Review
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Dennis Rubbenstroth
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Parrots ,Infectious Diseases ,Bird Diseases ,Bornaviridae ,Virology ,Animals ,Mononegavirales Infections - Abstract
Avian bornaviruses constitute a genetically diverse group of at least 15 viruses belonging to the genus Orthobornavirus within the family Bornaviridae. After the discovery of the first avian bornaviruses in diseased psittacines in 2008, further viruses have been detected in passerines and aquatic birds. Parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) possess the highest veterinary relevance amongst the avian bornaviruses as the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). PDD is a chronic and often fatal disease that may engulf a broad range of clinical presentations, typically including neurologic signs as well as impaired gastrointestinal motility, leading to proventricular dilatation. It occurs worldwide in captive psittacine populations and threatens private bird collections, zoological gardens and rehabilitation projects of endangered species. In contrast, only little is known about the pathogenic roles of passerine and waterbird bornaviruses. This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on avian bornavirus infections, including their taxonomy, pathogenesis of associated diseases, epidemiology, diagnostic strategies and recent developments on prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures.
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- 2022
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16. Age-dependent development and clinical characteristics of an experimental parrot bornavirus-4 (PaBV-4) infection in cockatiels (
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Anna Maria, Gartner, Jessica, Link, Bianca, Bücking, Dirk, Enderlein, Sibylle, Herzog, Jana, Petzold, Sara, Malberg, Christiane, Herden, and Michael, Lierz
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Male ,Bird Diseases ,Age Factors ,Brain ,Cockatoos ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Virus Shedding ,Parrots ,Seroconversion ,Bornaviridae ,Animals ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Nervous System Diseases - Abstract
Parrot bornavirus (PaBV) is a pathogen often found in psittacine populations. Infected, clinically healthy carrier birds are of major importance for epidemiology, but the underlying pathomechanism of this carrier status is poorly understood. The age, implying the maturation status of the immune system, at the time of infection might be significant for the clinical outcome. Therefore, two groups of 11 cockatiels of different ages (adult and newly hatched) were inoculated with a PaBV-4 isolate intravenously. The trial lasted for 233 days and all birds were observed for clinical signs, PaBV-RNA shedding and anti-PaBV antibody production. At the end of the trial, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, PCR and virus re-isolation were performed. All 22 birds seroconverted and shed PaBV-RNA during the investigation period; the juvenile group earlier and more homogeneously. Nine of 11 birds of the adult group developed clinical signs; five birds died or had to be euthanized before the end of the study. In the juvenile group none of the birds developed clinical signs and only one bird died due to bacterial septicaemia. Eight birds of the adult group, but none of the juvenile group, showed a dilatation of the proventriculus. PaBV-RNA detection and virus re-isolation were successful in all birds. Immunohistochemically, PaBV antigen was found in all birds. Histopathology revealed mononuclear infiltrations in organs in birds of both groups, but the juveniles were less severely affected in the brain.Thus, PaBV infection at an age with a more naïve immune system makes the production of carrier birds more likely.
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- 2020
17. First isolation
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Kore, Schlottau, Daniel, Nobach, Christiane, Herden, Stefan, Finke, Martin, Beer, and Donata, Hoffmann
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Central Nervous System ,Male ,Genotype ,Primary Cell Culture ,Genome, Viral ,Genome Size ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,Animals ,Encephalitis, Viral ,Vero Cells ,Cells, Cultured ,virus isolation ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Sciuridae ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Coculture Techniques ,Rats ,Variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 ,Rats, Inbred Lew ,animal trial ,Bornaviridae ,VSBV-1 ,Lewis rats ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Research Article - Abstract
The variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1), a member of the family Bornaviridae, was discovered in 2015 in a series of lethal human infections. Screening approaches revealed kept exotic squirrels as the putative source of infection. Infectious virus was successfully isolated by co-cultivation of infected primary squirrel cells with permanent cell lines. For in vivo characterization, neonatal and adult Lewis rats were inoculated either intracranially, intranasally or subcutaneously. After 4.5 months, three out of fifteen neonatal intracranially inoculated rats were VSBV-1 genome positive in the central nervous system without showing clinical signs. Pathohistological examination revealed a non-purulent encephalitis. While infection of immune incompetent rats (neonatal) using the type species of mammalian bornaviruses, the Borna disease virus 1, proceed to an immune tolerant status, VSBV-1 infection could result in inflammation of neuronal tissue. Sequencing showed minor adaptations within the VSBV-1 genome comparing to the viral genomes from infected squirrels, cell cultures or rat tissues. In conclusion, we were able to generate the first VSBV-1 isolates and provide in vivo animal model data in Lewis rats revealing substantial differences between VSBV-1 and BoDV-1. Furthermore, the presented data are a precondition for insights into the transmission and pathogenesis of this novel zoonotic pathogen.
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- 2020
18. Detection of Immunoreactivity to Psittaciform Bornavirus in the Serum of a Wild Cacatuid in Victoria, Australia
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Sibylle Herzog, Michael Lierz, Michelle Sutherland, David N. Phalen, and Kristina Maier-Sam
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Victoria ,040301 veterinary sciences ,030231 tropical medicine ,Pcr assay ,Cockatoos ,Animals, Wild ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Serology ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cloaca ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,medicine ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Animals ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common ,Indirect immunofluorescence ,Ecology ,Mononegavirales Infections ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Virology ,Cacatuidae ,Bornaviridae ,biology.protein ,Histopathology ,Antibody - Abstract
An indirect immunofluorescence serologic assay, PCR assay, and histopathology were used to screen for psittaciform orthobornaviruses (PaBV) in wild Cacatuidae in Victoria, Australia. Anti-PaBV antibodies were detected, but PCR and histopathology did not detect PaBV. This study presents the first evidence of PaBV in wild birds in Australia.
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- 2020
19. Parrot bornavirus in naturally infected Brazilian captive parrots: Challenges in viral spread control
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N. R. S. Martins, Sandra Yuliet Marín Gómez, Tânia de Freitas Raso, Aila Solimar Gonçalves Silva, and Érica Azevedo Costa
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0301 basic medicine ,RNA viruses ,Veterinary medicine ,Disease ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Geographical locations ,0403 veterinary science ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Parrots ,Zoonoses ,Genotype ,Epidemiology ,Clinical information ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Bornaviruses ,Phylogeny ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Eukaryota ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Professions ,Infectious Diseases ,Borna Virus Infection ,Vertebrates ,Viruses ,Medicine ,RNA, Viral ,Viral spread ,Sequence Analysis ,Brazil ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Bioinformatics ,Science ,Population ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Veterinarians ,Birds ,Viral Matrix Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,EPIDEMIOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,education ,Bird Diseases ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Mononegavirales Infections ,South America ,030104 developmental biology ,Bornaviridae ,Threatened species ,Amniotes ,Lesions ,Population Groupings ,People and places ,Nervous System Diseases - Abstract
Psittaciform orthobornaviruses are currently considered to be a major threat to the psittacine bird population worldwide. Parrot bornavirus (PaBV) was identified recently in Brazil and, since then, few studies have been conducted to understand the epidemiology of PaBV in captive psittacine birds. In the present study, natural infections by PaBV in South American parrots were investigated in two breeding facilities: commercial (A) and conservationist (B). Thirty-eight psittacine of 21 different species were presented for postmortem examination. Tissue samples were collected and investigated for the presence of PaBV-RNA using RT-PCR. In addition, clinical information about these birds was used when available. PaBV infection was detected in 73.7% of all birds investigated, indicating a wide dissemination of this virus in both facilities. From birds investigated in aviary A, 66.7% showed clinical signs, 100% had typical lesions of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), 100% had mild to severe proventricular dilatation and 88.9% were PaBV-positive. In birds from aviary B, 27.6% showed clinical signs, 65.5% had typical lesions of PDD, 62% had mild to severe proventricular dilatation and 69% were PaBV-positive. Neurological disease was observed more frequently than gastrointestinal disease. Sequencing analysis of the matrix gene fragment revealed the occurrence of genotype 4 (PaBV-4) in both places. About 15.8% of birds in this study are threatened species. We discussed the difficulties and challenges for controlling viral spread in these aviaries and implications for South American psittacine conservation. These results emphasize the urgent need to develop a national regulatory and health standard for breeding psittacine birds in the country.
- Published
- 2020
20. Occupation-Associated Fatal Limbic Encephalitis Caused by Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus 1, Germany, 2013
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Anthonina Ott, Andi Krumbholz, Sven-Kevin Hotop, Bernd Hoffmann, Donata Hoffmann, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Walter J. Schulz-Schaeffer, Helmut Fickenscher, Philip Eisermann, Monika Huhndorf, Maria Rosenthal, Mark Brönstrup, Dennis Tappe, Helmut Laufs, Lorenz Balke, Martin Beer, Gabriele Ismer, Burkhard Bewig, Daniel Cadar, Kore Schlottau, and Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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0301 basic medicine ,Epidemiology ,Spillover infection ,viruses ,animal diseases ,variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 ,lcsh:Medicine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Zoonoses ,Germany ,occupational risk ,Phylogeny ,Sciurus ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,Limbic encephalitis ,transmission ,Sciuridae ,Middle Aged ,Immunohistochemistry ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Bornavirus ,Infectious Diseases ,VSBV-1 ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Encephalitis ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Microbiology (medical) ,History, 21st Century ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Virus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Viral Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,limbic encephalitis ,Occupational Exposure ,Callosciurus ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Serologic Tests ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,lcsh:R ,Mononegavirales Infections ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,zoonoses ,030104 developmental biology ,Variegated squirrel ,nervous system ,Bornaviridae ,Epitope Mapping ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,squirrel - Abstract
Limbic encephalitis is commonly regarded as an autoimmune-mediated disease. However, after the recent detection of zoonotic variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 in a Prevost's squirrel (Callosciurus prevostii) in a zoo in northern Germany, we retrospectively investigated a fatal case in an autoantibody-seronegative animal caretaker who had worked at that zoo. The virus had been discovered in 2015 as the cause of a cluster of cases of fatal encephalitis among breeders of variegated squirrels (Sciurus variegatoides) in eastern Germany. Molecular assays and immunohistochemistry detected a limbic distribution of the virus in brain tissue of the animal caretaker. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a spillover infection from the Prevost's squirrel. Antibodies against bornaviruses were detected in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid by immunofluorescence and newly developed ELISAs and immunoblot. The putative antigenic epitope was identified on the viral nucleoprotein. Other zoo workers were not infected; however, avoidance of direct contact with exotic squirrels and screening of squirrels are recommended.
- Published
- 2018
21. Aquatic bird bornavirus 1 infection in a captive Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae): presumed natural transmission from free-ranging wild waterfowl
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Christopher J. Dutton, Davor Ojkic, Dale A. Smith, and Adriana M. W. Nielsen
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0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Neuritis ,Zoology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Branta ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Animals ,Anseriformes ,medicine ,Waterfowl ,Animals ,Bird Diseases ,Dromaiidae ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,symbols.heraldic_supporter ,Mononegavirales Infections ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Bornaviridae ,symbols ,Dromaius novaehollandiae ,Animals, Zoo ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Ratite - Abstract
An adult female emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) presented with anorexia, maldigestion, weight loss, and various subtle nervous deficits. After four months of unrewarding diagnostics, treatments, and supportive care, the emu was euthanized due to lack of clinical improvement and progressive weight loss. Gross pathology revealed a very narrow pylorus and multiple flaccid diverticula of the small intestines. Histopathological findings included severe lymphoplasmacytic encephalomyelitis and multifocal lymphocytic neuritis associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction on the brain were positive for an avian bornavirus (ABV), and partial sequencing of the matrix gene identified aquatic bird bornavirus-1 (ABBV-1), 100% identical to viruses circulating in wild Canada geese (Branta canadensis). As wild geese frequently grazed and defaecated in the emu's outdoor exhibit, natural transmission of ABBV-1 from free-ranging waterfowl to the emu was presumed to have occurred.
- Published
- 2017
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22. Bornavirus encephalitis shows a characteristic magnetic resonance phenotype in humans
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Monika Probst, Jürgen Schlegel, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Viktoria Ruf, Ansgar Berlis, Silke Wunderlich, Claus Zimmer, Benedikt Wiestler, Christina Wendl, Klemens Angstwurm, Friederike Liesche-Starnecker, Marco Rosati, Tom Finck, Isabel Wiesinger, Franziska Dorn, Markus Holtmannspötter, Christoph Maurer, and Stefanie Bette
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Caudate nucleus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Limbic system ,Basal ganglia ,Medicine ,Humans ,Encephalitis, Viral ,ddc:610 ,Child ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Brain ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Histology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Hyperintensity ,ddc ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Phenotype ,Neurology ,Bornaviridae ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Differential diagnosis ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Encephalitis - Abstract
Objective: The number of diagnosed fatal encephalitis cases in humans caused by the classical Borna disease virus (BoDV-1) has been increasing, ever since it was proved that BoDV-1 can cause human infections. However, awareness of this entity is low, and a specific imaging pattern has not yet been identified. We therefore provide the first comprehensive description of the morphology of human BoDV-1 encephalitis, with histopathological verification of imaging abnormalities. Methods: In an institutional review board-approved multicenter study, we carried out a retrospective analysis of 55 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 19 patients with confirmed BoDV-1 encephalitis. Fifty brain regions were analyzed systematically (T1w, T2w, T2*w, T1w + Gd, and DWI), in order to discern a specific pattern of inflammation. Histopathological analysis of 25 locations in one patient served as correlation for MRI abnormalities. Results: Baseline imaging, acquired at a mean of 11 ± 10 days after symptom onset, in addition to follow-up scans of 16 patients, revealed characteristic T2 hyperintensities with a predilection for the head of the caudate nucleus, insula, and cortical spread to the limbic system, whereas the occipital lobes and cerebellar hemispheres were unaffected. This gradient was confirmed by histology. Nine patients (47.4%) developed T1 hyperintensities of the basal ganglia, corresponding to accumulated lipid phagocytes on histology and typical for late-stage necrosis. Interpretation: BoDV-1 encephalitis shows a distinct pattern of inflammation in both the early and late stages of the disease. Its appearance can mimic sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease on MRI and should be considered a differential diagnosis in the case of atypical clinical presentation.
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- 2020
23. Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) Vaccines Efficiently Protect Cockatiels Against Parrot Bornavirus Infection and Proventricular Dilatation Disease
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Ralf Amann, Isabell Rall, Christiane Herden, Dennis Rubbenstroth, and Sara Malberg
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0301 basic medicine ,Cockatiels ,animal structures ,040301 veterinary sciences ,viruses ,Cockatoos ,Vaccinia virus ,Newcastle disease ,Article ,Virus ,proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) ,parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) ,0403 veterinary science ,Viral Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Parrots ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Virology ,Animals ,Medicine ,modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) ,parrot bornavirus 2 (PaBV-2) ,biology ,Bird Diseases ,business.industry ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Viral Vaccines ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,recombinant viral vector vaccines ,biology.organism_classification ,avian bornaviruses ,Vaccination ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Immunization ,Bornaviridae ,RNA, Viral ,Vaccinia ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
Parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) are the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a chronic and often fatal neurologic disorder in Psittaciformes. The disease is widely distributed in private parrot collections and threatens breeding populations of endangered species. Thus, immunoprophylaxis strategies are urgently needed. In previous studies we demonstrated a prime-boost vaccination regime using modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) constructs expressing the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein of PaBV-4 (MVA/PaBV-4 and NDV/PaBV-4, respectively) to protect cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) against experimental challenge infection. Here we investigated the protective effect provided by repeated immunization with either MVA/PaBV-4, NDV/PaBV-4 or Orf virus constructs (ORFV/PaBV-4) individually. While MVA/PaBV-4-vaccinated cockatiels were completely protected against subsequent PaBV-2 challenge infection and PDD-associated lesions, the course of the challenge infection in NDV/PaBV-4- or ORFV/PaBV-4-vaccinated birds did not differ from the unvaccinated control group. We further investigated the effect of vaccination on persistently PaBV-4-infected cockatiels. Remarkably, subsequent immunization with MVA/PaBV-4 and NDV/PaBV-4 neither induced obvious immunopathogenesis exacerbating the disease nor reduced viral loads in the infected birds. In summary, we demonstrated that vaccination with MVA/PaBV-4 alone is sufficient to efficiently prevent PaBV-2 challenge infection in cockatiels, providing a suitable vaccine candidate against avian bornavirus infection and bornavirus-induced PDD.
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- 2019
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24. Monitoring of free-ranging and captive
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Susanne, Kessler, Kristin, Heenemann, Tobias, Krause, Sönke, Twietmeyer, Jérôme, Fuchs, Michael, Lierz, Victor Max, Corman, Thomas M, Vahlenkamp, and Dennis, Rubbenstroth
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Circovirus ,Polyomavirus Infections ,Bird Diseases ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Animals, Wild ,Pets ,Europe ,Tumor Virus Infections ,Bornaviridae ,Population Surveillance ,Animals ,Humans ,Psittacula ,Circoviridae Infections ,Polyomavirus - Abstract
Avian pathogens such as bornaviruses, circoviruses and polyomaviruses are widely distributed in captive collections of psittacine birds worldwide and can cause fatal diseases. In contrast, only little is known about their presence in free-ranging psittacines and their impact on these populations. Rose-ringed parakeets (
- Published
- 2019
25. Human bornavirus research: Back on track!
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Martin Beer, Jürgen Rissland, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Martin Schwemmle, and Kore Schlottau
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RNA viruses ,medicine.medical_specialty ,QH301-705.5 ,Immunology ,Equines ,Social Sciences ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Pearls ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Central Nervous System Infections ,Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System ,Virology ,Bornaviruses ,Zoonoses ,Genetics ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Animals ,Humans ,Psychology ,Horses ,Biology (General) ,Molecular Biology ,Mammals ,Behavior ,Sheep ,Biology and life sciences ,Bird Diseases ,Track (disk drive) ,Organisms ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Eukaryota ,Ruminants ,RC581-607 ,Infectious Diseases ,Borna Virus Infection ,Neurology ,Veterinary Diseases ,Bornaviridae ,Viruses ,Vertebrates ,Amniotes ,Encephalitis ,Parasitology ,Veterinary Science ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy - Published
- 2019
26. Distribution of zoonotic variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 in naturally infected variegated and Prevost’s squirrels
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Petzold, Jana, van den Brand, Judith M. A., Nobach, Daniel, Hoffmann, Bernd, Hoffmann, Donata, Fast, Christine, Reusken, Chantal B. E. M., van Run, Peter R. W. A., Schlottau, Kore, Beer, Martin, Herden, Christiane, Veterinair Pathologisch Diagnostisch Cnt, dPB I&I, dPB CR, and Virology
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Male ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Sciuridae ,Article ,Virus Shedding ,Viral infection ,Bornaviridae ,Germany ,Zoonoses ,Animals ,Encephalitis ,Humans ,RNA, Viral ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,lcsh:Science ,Antigens, Viral ,Central nervous system infections ,Disease Reservoirs ,Netherlands - Abstract
Recently, the zoonotic capacity of the newly discovered variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) was confirmed in humans with a lethal encephalitis. Transmission to humans occurred by variegated and Prevost’s squirrels as presumed reservoir hosts but possible ways of virus shedding and the route of infection still need to be elucidated. Thus, the tissue distribution of VSBV-1 antigen and RNA was investigated in detail via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in six variegated and eight Prevost’s squirrels and by in situ hybridisation (ISH) in one Prevost’s squirrel, respectively. VSBV-1 antigen and RNA positive cells were most numerous in the nervous system and were also found in nearly all tissues and different cell types indicating a broad organ and cell tropism of VSBV-1. Presence of VSBV-1 in several organs might indicate potential virus shedding via various routes and implies the risk of intra- and interspecies transmission, respectively.
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- 2019
27. Investigation of astrovirus and bornavirus in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs clinically diagnosed with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology
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Sheila Carrera-Justiz, James F. X. Wellehan, Audrey Collinet, Gabriel Garcia, and April L. Childress
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Male ,Pathology ,Standard Article ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,law.invention ,0403 veterinary science ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,law ,Meningoencephalitis ,Astroviridae Infections ,meningoencephalitis of unknown origin ,Dog Diseases ,Prospective Studies ,Polymerase chain reaction ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,biology ,virus diseases ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Standard Articles ,3. Good health ,Neurology ,Csf analysis ,Female ,meningoencephalomyelitis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,canine ,virus ,Virus ,Astrovirus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,Bornaviruses ,medicine ,Animals ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,Mononegavirales Infections ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,inflammation ,Bornaviridae ,Case-Control Studies ,Etiology ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Astroviridae ,SMALL ANIMAL ,business - Abstract
Background Non-suppurative encephalitides in a variety of species, including humans and dogs, have been linked to infection by astroviruses and bornaviruses. Hypothesis/objectives To determine whether or not ribonucleic acid of astroviruses or bornaviruses was present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs with clinically diagnosed meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE). Animals Twenty-five client-owned dogs evaluated by CSF analysis at a single university referral hospital. Methods Prospective case-control study. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from clinically diagnosed MUE and control cases and evaluated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the presence of astrovirus and bornavirus. Results Neither astrovirus nor bornavirus nucleic acids were identified in CSF collected from 20 clinically diagnosed MUE and 5 control cases. Conclusions and clinical importance The negative results of this investigation suggest that astrovirus and bornavirus are not commonly detectable in CSF of dogs with MUE.
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- 2019
28. Analysis of exotic squirrel trade and detection of human infections with variegated squirrel bornavirus 1, Germany, 2005 to 2018
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Jürgen Rissland, Monika Rottstegge, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, César Muñoz-Fontela, Timo Homeier-Bachmann, Kore Schlottau, Hendrik Wilking, Valerie Allendorf, Dennis Tappe, Martin Beer, Christina Frank, Philip Eisermann, and Julia R Port
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Epidemiology ,animal diseases ,encephalitis ,serology ,variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 ,Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,Serology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk groups ,Germany ,Zoonoses ,Public Health Surveillance ,Encephalitis, Viral ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Phylogeny ,exotic pets ,biology ,Sciuridae ,Flow Cytometry ,surveillance ,RNA, Viral ,epidemiology ,Encephalitis ,psychological phenomena and processes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,viral infections ,030231 tropical medicine ,animal trade ,viral encephalitis ,Zoology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Occupational Exposure ,Virology ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Serologic Tests ,ddc:610 ,Viral encephalitis ,Outbreaks ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Variegated squirrel ,Human exposure ,Bornaviridae ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit ,laboratory ,case definition - Abstract
Following the discovery in 2015 of the variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) in fatal encephalitis cases among exotic squirrel breeders and a zoo animal caretaker in Germany, a case definition was developed. It was employed during trace-back animal trade investigations and sero-epidemiological studies among breeders and zoo animal caretakers of holdings with VSBV-1 infected squirrels. During the investigation, two possible human cases who had died of encephalitis were identified retrospectively among the squirrel breeders. Moreover, one probable human case was detected among the breeders who had a positive memory T-cell response to VSBV-1 antigen and antibodies against VSBV-1. The low rate of seropositivity found among living persons in risk groups that handle exotic squirrels privately or at zoos may reflect rareness of exposure to VSBV-1 during animal contact, a high lethality of infection or a combination of these factors. As a precaution against human exposure, testing of exotic squirrels for VSBV-1 infection and/or avoiding direct contact with exotic squirrels in zoos and private holdings is strongly advised.
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- 2019
29. Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus 1 in Squirrels, Germany and the Netherlands
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Donata Hoffmann, Niels Mensing, Bert Diender, Dirk Höper, Marion Koopmans, Christine Fast, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Bernd Hoffmann, Maria Jenckel, Rainer G. Ulrich, Chantal Reusken, Timo Homeier-Bachmann, Kore Schlottau, Jens Thielebein, Christiane Herden, Judith M. A. van den Brand, Dennis Tappe, Martin Beer, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, and Virology
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Epidemiology ,030106 microbiology ,variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 ,Zoology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biology ,law.invention ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Risk Factors ,law ,Environmental protection ,variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) ,Germany ,Animals ,Humans ,viruses ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Netherlands ,bornavirus ,the Netherlands ,squirrels ,lcsh:R ,Dispatch ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Sciuridae ,Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus 1 in Squirrels, Germany and the Netherlands ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,zoonoses ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Variegated squirrel ,Bornaviridae ,VSBV-1 - Abstract
We screened squirrels in Germany and the Netherlands for the novel zoonotic variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1). The detection of VSBV-1 in 11 squirrels indicates a considerable risk for transmission to humans handling those animals. Therefore, squirrels in contact with humans should routinely be tested for VSBV-1.
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- 2017
30. [Crazy horse disease]
- Author
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Walter, Ledermann
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History, 17th Century ,Bornaviridae ,Animals ,Mononegavirales Infections ,History, 19th Century ,Horse Diseases ,Horses ,History, 20th Century ,History, 18th Century - Abstract
With the apparition of the crazy cows disease at the end of twentieth century, great was the temptation for denominate "crazy horses disease" an ancient enzootic encephalo-myelitis, known from the 17th century and now named "Borna disease" in 1970, because severe outbreaks affecting horses in this city of Germany since 1885. But the sickness was not a prion disease but a viral one, causing also encephalopathy in several other animal species. After seventy years of investigation, the finding of the virus in human patients with psychiatric pathology in the eighties gave an incentive to work harder, and the genome structure of the so called Bornavirus was completely described. Recently, japanese investigators found that elements homologous to the nucleoprotein (N) gene of Bornavirus exist in the genomes of several mammalian species, including humans, in which these sequences have been designated endogenous Borna-like N (EBLN) elements. And now the question is what they are doing there since their integration two million years ago.
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- 2018
31. Distribution of Viral Antigen and Inflammatory Lesions in the Central Nervous System of Cockatiels ( Nymphicus hollandicus) Experimentally Infected with Parrot Bornavirus 2
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Raquel R. Rech, Jianhua Guo, Paula R. Giaretta, Jeann Leal de Araújo, Ian Tizard, J. Jill Heatley, and Aline Rodrigues-Hoffmann
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cockatiels ,040301 veterinary sciences ,viruses ,Encephalomyelitis ,Central nervous system ,Myelitis ,Cockatoos ,0403 veterinary science ,White matter ,03 medical and health sciences ,Central Nervous System Diseases ,biology.domesticated_animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Antigens, Viral ,030304 developmental biology ,Inflammation ,0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Bird Diseases ,Brain ,Mononegavirales Infections ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,Spinal cord ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Cord ,Bornaviridae ,Nymphicus hollandicus ,Encephalitis - Abstract
Neurotropism is a striking characteristic of bornaviruses, including parrot bornavirus 2 (PaBV-2). Our study evaluated the distribution of inflammatory foci and viral nucleoprotein (N) antigen in the brain and spinal cord of 27 cockatiels ( Nymphicus hollandicus) following experimental infection with PaBV-2 by injection into the pectoral muscle. Tissue samples were taken at 12 timepoints between 5 and 114 days post-inoculation (dpi). Each experimental group had approximately 3 cockatiels per group and usually 1 negative control. Immunolabeling was first observed within the ventral horns of the thoracic spinal cord at 20 dpi and in the brain (thalamic nuclei and hindbrain) at 25 dpi. Both inflammation and viral antigen were restricted to the central core of the brain until 40 dpi. The virus then spread quickly at 60 dpi to both gray and white matter of all analyzed sections of the central nervous system (CNS). Encephalitis was most severe in the thalamus and hindbrain, while myelitis was most prominent in the gray matter and equally distributed in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral spinal cord. Our results demonstrate a caudal to rostral spread of virus in the CNS following experimental inoculation of PABV-2 into the pectoral muscle, with the presence of viral antigen and inflammatory lesions first in the spinal cord and progressing to the brain.
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- 2018
32. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2018
- Author
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Kang Seuk Choi, Nikos Vasilakis, Claudio Verdugo, Janusz T. Paweska, Thomas Briese, Víctor Manuel Neira Ramírez, Andrew J. Bennett, Masayuki Horie, Charles H. Calisher, Robert Kityo, Anthony R. Fooks, Martin Schwemmle, Sunil K. Mor, Nidia G. Aréchiga Ceballos, Timothy H. Hyndman, Ayato Takada, Yíngyún Caì, Robert A. Lamb, Alexander Bukreyev, Paul A. Rota, Tony L. Goldberg, Lin-Fa Wang, Benhur Lee, Kartik Chandran, Hideki Ebihara, Michael R. Wiley, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Anna E. Whitfield, Mark D. Stenglein, Piet Maes, Andrew J. Easton, Jean L. Patterson, Valerian V. Dolja, Olga Dolnik, Eugene V. Koonin, James F. X. Wellehan, Ralf Dürrwald, Peter L. Collins, Qisheng Song, Susan Payne, Jonathan S. Towner, Sina Bavari, Sonia Vázquez-Morón, Pierre Formenty, Sophie J. Smither, Keizō Tomonaga, Leslie L. Domier, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gael Kurath, Robert B. Tesh, Sergey V. Netesov, Elodie Ghedin, Andrea Maisner, Denise A. Marston, Cristine Campos Lawson, Elke Mühlberger, Christopher F. Basler, Conrad M. Freuling, Yǒng Zhèn Zhāng, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Peter J. Walker, Gōngyín Yè, David Wang, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Gustavo Palacios, Gary P. Kobinger, Yuri I. Wolf, Timothy Song, Hideki Kondō, Mart Krupovic, Karla Prieto, David M. Stone, Luciano M. Thomazelli, Colin A. Chapman, Ashley C. Banyard, Jens H. Kuhn, Stuart G. Siddell, Noël Tordo, John M. Dye, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Charles Y. Chiu, Kim R. Blasdell, Bertus K. Rima, Victoria Wahl, Eric M. Leroy, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Juan Emilio Echevarría, Norbert Nowotny, Roger Hewson, Thomas Müller, Viktor E. Volchkov, Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM), University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratorio de Rabia, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencias Epidemiológicos, Animal and Plant Health Agency [Weybridge] (APHA), Georgia State University, University System of Georgia (USG), U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison-Influenza Research Institute, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Albert Einstein College of Medicine [New York], Department of Anthropology [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University (OSU), Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, University of Chicago, IDT Biologika, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick [Coventry], Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rochester [USA], Institute of Health Carlos III, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Department of Viroscience [Rotterdam, The Netherlands], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health - Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology [New York], New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU)-New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Public Health England [Salisbury] (PHE), Kagoshima University, Murdoch University, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University [Wuhan] (HZAU), Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), Research Centre in Infectious Diseases, CHUL Research Centre and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles (BMGE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), US Geological Survey [Seattle], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Northwestern University [Evanston], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Department of Medicine [San Francisco], University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, TX], National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], University of Bristol [Bristol], Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Ministry of Defence (UK) (MOD), University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Universidade de São Paulo - USP (BRAZIL), Institute for Virus Research, Stratégies antivirales, Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias [Buenos Aires], Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale – Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity (BMPV), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center [Frederick], U.S. Social Security Administration, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecoscience Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska System, Kansas State University, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease prevention and Control, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases [USA] (USAMRIID), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, McGill University, Kyoto University [Kyoto], University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland (UQ), Philipps University of Marburg, Warwick University, Public Health England [Porton Down, Salisbury], Huazhong Agricultural University, Makerere University (MAK), Faculty of Medicine-Laval University [Québec], Okayama University [Okayama], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Universidad de Chile, University of California-University of California, Texas Biomedical Research Institute [San Antonio, Texas], National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), Centre for Experimental Medicine [Queen’s University of Belfast], University of Bristol (School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine), University of Missouri [Columbia], Hokkaido University, Bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale – Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Duke NUS Medical School, University of Florida [Gainesville], and Virology
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0301 basic medicine ,Order Mononegavirales ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Mononegavirales Infections ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Data science ,Virology ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Article ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,Humans ,Animals ,[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Mononegavirales ,Phylogeny - Abstract
International audience; In 2018, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 12 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future.
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- 2018
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33. Two Neuropsychiatric Cases Seropositive for Bornavirus Improved by Ribavirin
- Author
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Tomoyuki Honda, Keizo Tomonaga, Takeshi Uema, Akio Fukumori, Hidenori Matsunaga, and Kohji Mori
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,030106 microbiology ,Administration, Oral ,Antibodies, Viral ,Antiviral Agents ,Virus ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Central Nervous System Infections ,Oral administration ,Ribavirin ,Medicine ,Humans ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,biology ,business.industry ,Mononegavirales Infections ,General Medicine ,Titer ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Treatment Outcome ,chemistry ,Bornaviridae ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
While we previously detected anti-bornavirus antibodies via radioligand assay in psychiatric patients, we did not examine the viral pathogenicity in these individuals. Herein, we present 2 psychiatric patients who were seropositive for bornavirus and whose treatment-resistant symptoms improved after oral administration of ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated that ribavirin affected the central nervous system of these patients. Ribavirin ameliorated intermittent involuntary head shaking, which is reminiscent of a symptom observed in bornavirus-infected animals. Using radioligand assays to examine the serial sera of these patients, we found a relationship between the titers of anti-bornavirus antibodies and the change in the patients' symptoms. Our findings suggest there is a relationship between bornavirus infection and human symptoms and that ribavirin may be useful in suppressing chronic bornavirus infection in some neuropsychiatric patients. However, the possibility remains that some other known or unknown virus other than bornavirus that is sensitive to ribavirin may have caused the symptoms. Additional evidence that directly indicates the causative relationship between bornavirus infection and human symptoms is needed before establishing the pathogenesis and treatment for human bornavirus infection.
- Published
- 2018
34. Detection of Avian Bornavirus in Wild and Captive Passeriformes in Brazil
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L. F. N. Nuñez, Marta Brito Guimarães, Antonio José Piantino Ferreira, Yamê Miniero Davies, Silvana H. Santander Parra, Natalia Azevedo Philadelpho, Claudete S. Astolfi-Ferreira, and Dennis Rubbenstroth
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Serotype ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Neurologic Signs ,Zoology ,Animals, Wild ,Biology ,Serogroup ,Sudden death ,0403 veterinary science ,Birds ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Food Animals ,Phylogenetics ,Animals ,Avian bornavirus ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Bird Diseases ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Mononegavirales Infections ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Beak ,Bornaviridae ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Animals, Zoo ,REAÇÃO EM CADEIA POR POLIMERASE ,Brazil - Abstract
Avian bornaviruses (ABVs) are the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a fatal neurologic disease considered to be a major threat to psittacine bird populations. We performed a reverse transcription PCR survey to detect the presence of canary avian bornavirus (CnBV) in birds of order Passeriformes related to different clinical manifestations, such as sudden death, neurologic signs, apathy, anorexia, excessive beak growth, and PDD. A total of 227 samples from captive and wild canaries were included, of which 80 samples were captive birds, comprising saffron finches (Detección de bornavirus aviar en aves paseriformes silvestres y en cautiverio en Brasil. Los bornavirus aviares (ABV, por sus siglas en inglés) son los agentes causantes de la enfermedad de la dilatación proventricular (PDD), una enfermedad neurológica mortal considerada como una de las principales amenazas para las poblaciones de aves psitácidas. Se realizó un muestreo por transcrpción reversa y PCR para detectar la presencia de bornavirus de los canarios (CnBV) en aves de orden Passeriformes relacionadas con diferentes manifestaciones clínicas, como muerte súbita, signos neurológicos, apatía, anorexia, crecimiento excesivo del pico y enfermedad de dilatación proventricular. Se incluyeron un total de 227 muestras de canarios en cautividad y silvestres, de las cuales 80 muestras fueron de aves en cautiverio, incluyendo jilgueros dorados (n =71) y canarios comunes (n = 9) y 147 muestras fueron aves silvestres distribuidas entre una variedad de especies. Dos muestras de aves cautivas (2/80) fueron positivas para bornavirus aviar; en aves silvestres, solo una muestra fue positiva para bornavirus aviar. Las muestras positivas se sometieron a secuenciación de ADN y solo se encontró el bornavirus de canarios serotipo 1, que es la primera vez que se detecta fuera de Alemania (Austria/Hungría), donde se detectó por primera vez en el año 2009. El análisis filogenético confirmó que el bornavirus de canarios serotipo 1 está presente en el orden Passeriformes en Brasil.
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- 2018
35. Divergent bornaviruses from Australian carpet pythons with neurological disease date the origin of extant Bornaviridae prior to the end-Cretaceous extinction
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Mark D. Stenglein, James F. X. Wellehan, Timothy H. Hyndman, and Catherine M. Shilton
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0301 basic medicine ,RNA viruses ,Genome ,Animal Diseases ,0403 veterinary science ,Database and Informatics Methods ,Zoonoses ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Bornaviruses ,Pythons ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Reptile Genomics ,History, Ancient ,Phylogeny ,Fossils ,Vertebrate ,myr ,Eukaryota ,Snakes ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Genomics ,Squamates ,Infectious Diseases ,Borna Virus Infection ,Viruses ,Vertebrates ,Sequence Analysis ,Research Article ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Multiple Alignment Calculation ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Bioinformatics ,Immunology ,Sequence Databases ,Sequence alignment ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Extinction, Biological ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phylogenetics ,Sequence Motif Analysis ,Virology ,biology.animal ,Computational Techniques ,Genetics ,Animals ,Morelia spilota ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Biology and life sciences ,Base Sequence ,Organisms ,Australia ,Reptiles ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Paleontology ,biology.organism_classification ,Split-Decomposition Method ,Boidae ,030104 developmental biology ,Biological Databases ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Evolutionary biology ,Animal Genomics ,Bornaviridae ,Amniotes ,Python (genus) ,Parasitology ,Nervous System Diseases ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,Sequence Alignment - Abstract
Tissue samples from Australian carpet pythons (Morelia spilota) with neurological disease were screened for viruses using next-generation sequencing. Coding complete genomes of two bornaviruses were identified with the gene order 3’-N-X-P-G-M-L, representing a transposition of the G and M genes compared to other bornaviruses and most mononegaviruses. Use of these viruses to search available vertebrate genomes enabled recognition of further endogenous bornavirus-like elements (EBLs) in diverse placental mammals, including humans. Codivergence patterns and shared integration sites revealed an ancestral laurasiatherian EBLG integration (77 million years ago [MYA]) and a previously identified afrotherian EBLG integration (83 MYA). The novel python bornaviruses clustered more closely with these EBLs than with other exogenous bornaviruses, suggesting that these viruses diverged from previously known bornaviruses prior to the end-Cretaceous (K-Pg) extinction, 66 MYA. It is possible that EBLs protected mammals from ancient bornaviral disease, providing a selective advantage in the recovery from the K-Pg extinction. A degenerate PCR primer set was developed to detect a highly conserved region of the bornaviral polymerase gene. It was used to detect 15 more genetically distinct bornaviruses from Australian pythons that represent a group that is likely to contain a number of novel species., Author summary Unlike plants and animals, viruses don’t leave fossilised remains that can be used to study their ancient history. Rarely, however, some virus sequences end up as integrated copies in host genomes. These ‘fossilised’ virus sequences provide a window into virus evolution on a geological time scale. In this study, we identified bornaviruses in pythons, some of which had neurological disease. Bornaviruses have been associated with persistent neurological infections in a variety of mammalian and avian hosts. Here, we reveal that bornaviruses are associated with similar disease in non-avian reptiles as well. These new snake viruses turned out to be most closely related to bornavirus-like sequences that integrated into the DNA of mammals prior to the major extinction event at the end of the age of dinosaurs, the end-Cretaceous (K-Pg) extinction, 66 million years ago, allowing us to infer details of their prehistoric evolutionary history and origin. We also developed a test to detect these viruses from samples collected from live snakes, and used it to identify more related snake bornaviruses, indicating that this group will likely continue to expand.
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- 2018
36. Identification of avian bornavirus in a Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) with neurological disease
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Delphine Laniesse, Laura Bourque, Davor Ojkic, Adriana R. Pastor, Dale A. Smith, and Hugues Beaufrère
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Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Monal ,Pheasant ,Fatal Outcome ,Parrots ,Food Animals ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Galliformes ,Bird Diseases ,Base Sequence ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Brain ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Proventriculus ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Virology ,Bornaviridae ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Lophophorus impejanus ,Encephalitis - Abstract
A one-year-old male Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) was presented for veterinary attention with a history of chronic wasting, weakness and ataxia. The bird died, and post-mortem findings included mild non-suppurative encephalitis and degenerative encephalopathy, lymphoplasmacytic myenteric ganglioneuritis (particularly of the proventriculus), and Wallerian degeneration of the sciatic nerves. Avian bornavirus (ABV) was identified in the brain by immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sequencing of the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction product indicated the presence of ABV genotype 4, which is generally associated with disease in psittacine birds. Subsequent to the death of the pheasant, ABV genotype 4 was identified at autopsy from a juvenile white-bellied caique (Pionites leucogaster) in the same collection. We hypothesize that the pheasant became infected through contact with psittacine birds with which it shared an aviary. We believe this to be the first reported case of natural ABV infection in a bird in the Order Galliformes.
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- 2015
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37. Avian Bornaviruses in North American Gulls
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Susan Payne, H. L. Shivaprasad, Jianhua Guo, Ian Tizard, and John A. Baroch
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Biology ,Virus ,Charadriiformes ,Herring ,New England ,biology.animal ,Waterfowl ,medicine ,Animals ,Leucophaeus ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecology ,Bird Diseases ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Brain ,Mononegavirales Infections ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Bornaviridae ,embryonic structures ,RNA, Viral ,Larus delawarensis ,Herring gull ,Larus ,Encephalitis - Abstract
Avian bornaviruses, recently de- scribed members of the family Bornaviridae, have been isolated from captive parrots and passerines as well as wild waterfowl in which they may cause lethal neurologic disease. We report detection of avian bornavirus RNA in the brains of apparently healthy gulls. We tested 439 gull brain samples from 18 states, primarily in the northeastern US, using a reverse- transcriptase PCR assay with primers designed to detect a conserved region of the bornavirus M gene. Nine birds yielded a PCR product of appropriate size. Sequencing of PCR products indicated that the virus was closely related to aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1). Viral RNA was detected in Herring Gulls (Larus argenta- tus), Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis), and Laughing Gulls (Leucophaeus atricilla). Eight of the nine positive birds came from the New York/New Jersey area. One positive Herring Gull came from New Hampshire. Histopathologic examination of one well-pre- served brain from a Herring Gull from Union County New Jersey, showed a lymphocytic encephalitis similar to that observed in borna- virus-infected parrots and geese. Bornavirus N protein was confirmed in two Herring Gull brains by immunohistochemistry. Thus ABBV- 1 can infect gulls and cause encephalitic brain lesions similar to those observed in other birds.
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- 2015
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38. Plasma protein, haematologic and blood chemistry changes in African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) experimentally infected with bornavirus
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Charlotte Högemann, Rüdiger Richter, Monika Rinder, and Rüdiger Korbel
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0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Psittacus erithacus ,Population ,Antibodies, Viral ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Parrots ,Food Animals ,medicine ,Animals ,Seroconversion ,education ,education.field_of_study ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Bird Diseases ,Mononegavirales Infections ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Gel electrophoresis of proteins ,biology.organism_classification ,Blood proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,Blood chemistry ,Bornaviridae ,biology.protein ,RNA, Viral ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Creatine kinase - Abstract
Bornaviruses are considered to be the causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in psittacine birds. In order to detect haematological and blood chemistry changes during the development of PDD and a possible correlation with clinical signs and the virological status, six African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) were experimentally infected with parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) by subcutaneous route. All six parrots developed clinical signs of varying extent and successful infection was confirmed in all the birds by seroconversion or detection of RNA of the PaBV-4 infection strain. Based on population-based and intra-individual reference ranges established during 12 months prior to experimental infection, only minor haematological changes were detected in individual birds after infection. Changes in blood chemistry were restricted to aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, total protein, glucose and uric acid. Plasma protein electrophoresis revealed marked changes starting 10 weeks post infection characterized by an increase in the γ-globulin fraction and a gradual decrease to normal values during weeks 22-34. Indications of an acute-phase reaction at the initial stages of infection were not detected. While three birds suffered from clinical signs of PDD, which included weight loss and neurological disorders and died before development of haematological and plasma protein changes, recovery of clinical disease was paralleled in the remaining birds by an increase in γ-globulins and bornavirus-specific antibody titres.
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- 2017
39. Avian Bornavirus in Free-Ranging Psittacine Birds, Brazil
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Nuri Encinas-Nagel, Michael Lierz, Hafez M. Hafez, Clarice Weis Arns, Anne Piepenbring, Christiane Herden, Dirk Enderlein, Ursula Heffels-Redmann, and Paulo A.N. Felippe
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Microbiology (medical) ,Avian Bornavirus in Free-Ranging Psittacine Birds, Brazil ,Veterinary medicine ,Genotype ,Epidemiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,psittacines ,Biology ,Virus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Birds ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Avian bornavirus ,free ranging ,Animals ,viruses ,Public Health Surveillance ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,proventricular dilatation disease ,Bird Diseases ,Free ranging ,lcsh:R ,Dispatch ,Mononegavirales Infections ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Bornaviridae ,RNA, Viral ,parrots ,Brazil ,mononuclear infiltration - Abstract
Avian bornavirus (ABV) has been identified as the cause of proventricular dilatation disease in birds, but the virus is also found in healthy birds. Most studies of ABV have focused on captive birds. We investigated 86 free- ranging psittacine birds in Brazil and found evidence for natural, long-term ABV infection.
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- 2014
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40. Survey of bornaviruses in pet psittacines in Brazil reveals a novel parrot bornavirus
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Dennis Rubbenstroth, Natalia Azevedo Philadelpho, Antonio José Piantino Ferreira, and Marta Brito Guimarães
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Neurological signs ,Veterinary medicine ,animal structures ,General Veterinary ,Bird Diseases ,Mononegavirales Infections ,General Medicine ,Feather-plucking ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Sudden death ,Psittaciformes ,Virus ,law.invention ,Parrots ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,law ,Bornaviridae ,Bornaviruses ,DOENÇA DE BORNA ,Animals ,Brazil ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Feces - Abstract
Avian bornaviruses are the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a fatal neurological disease considered to be a major threat to psittacine bird populations. We performed a survey of the presence of avian bornaviruses and PDD in pet psittacines in Brazil and also studied PDD's clinical presentation as well as the genomic variability of the viruses. Samples from 112 psittacines with clinical signs compatible with PDD were collected and tested for the presence of bornaviruses. We found 32 birds (28.6%) positive for bornaviruses using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Twenty-one (65.6%) of the 32 bornavirus-positive birds presented neurological signs, seven (21.9%) presented undigested seeds in feces, four (12.5%) showed proventricular dilatation, six (18.8%) regurgitation, three (9.4%) feather plucking and three (9.4%) sudden death. The results confirm that avian bornaviruses are present in pet psittacines in Brazil, and sequence analysis identified a distinct virus, named parrot bornavirus 8 (PaBV-8).
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- 2014
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41. Detection of Avian bornavirus in multiple tissues of infected psittacine birds using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
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Dale A. Smith, Raj Raghav, Josepha DeLay, Pauline Delnatte, Matthew Mak, and Davor Ojkic
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General Veterinary ,biology ,Bird Diseases ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Proventriculus ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Proventricular dilation disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Psittaciformes ,Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ,Bornaviridae ,Animals ,Immunohistochemistry ,Viral rna ,Avian bornavirus ,Gene - Abstract
Avian bornavirus (ABV), the cause of proventricular dilation disease in psittacine birds, has been detected in multiple tissues of infected birds using immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the current study, real-time RT-PCR, using primers targeting the ABV matrix gene, was used to detect ABV in 146 tissues from 7 ABV-infected psittacine birds. Eighty-six percent of the samples tested positive, with crossing point values ranging from 13.82 to 37.82 and a mean of 22.3. These results were compared to the findings of a previous study using gel-based RT-PCR and IHC on the same samples. The agreement between the 2 RT-PCR techniques was 91%; when tests disagreed it was because samples were negative using gel-based RT-PCR but positive on real-time RT-PCR. Agreement with IHC was 77%; 16 out of 74 samples were negative using IHC but positive on real-time RT-PCR. The results suggest that real-time RT-PCR is a more sensitive technique than gel-based RT-PCR and IHC to detect ABV in tissues. The tissues that were ranked most frequently as having a high amount of viral RNA were proventriculus, kidney, colon, cerebrum, and cerebellum. Skeletal muscle, on the other hand, was found to have a consistently low amount of viral RNA.
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- 2014
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42. Pathology and diagnosis of avian bornavirus infection in wild Canada geese (Branta canadensis), trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) and mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Canada: a retrospective study
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Josepha DeLay, Dale A. Smith, Doug Campbell, Graham J. Crawshaw, Davor Ojkic, and Pauline Delnatte
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Central Nervous System ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Central nervous system ,Branta ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Species Specificity ,Food Animals ,Anseriformes ,medicine ,Waterfowl ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Retrospective Studies ,Ontario ,Base Sequence ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Bird Diseases ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Nucleocapsid Proteins ,biology.organism_classification ,Immunohistochemistry ,Trumpeter ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gliosis ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Histopathology ,medicine.symptom ,Intestinal Obstruction - Abstract
Nine hundred and fifty-five pathology cases collected in Ontario between 1992 and 2011 from wild free-ranging Canada geese, trumpeter swans and mute swans were retrospectively evaluated for the pathology associated with avian bornavirus (ABV) infection. Cases were selected based on the presence of upper gastrointestinal impaction, central nervous system histopathology or clinical history suggestive of ABV infection. The proportion of birds meeting at least one of these criteria was significantly higher at the Toronto Zoo (30/132) than elsewhere in Ontario (21/823). Central, peripheral and autonomic nervous tissues were examined for the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells on histopathology. The presence of virus was assessed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on frozen brains and on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Among selected cases, 86.3% (44/51) were considered positive on histopathology, 56.8% (29/51) were positive by immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR was positive on 88.2% (15/17) of the frozen brains and 78.4% (40/51) of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Histopathological lesions included gliosis and lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing in brain (97.7%), spinal cord (50%), peripheral nerves (55.5%) and myenteric ganglia or nerves (62.8%), resembling lesions described in parrots affected with proventricular dilatation disease. Partial amino acid sequences of the nucleocapsid gene from seven geese were 100% identical amongst themselves and 98.1 to 100% identical to the waterfowl sequences recently described in the USA. Although ABV has been identified in apparently healthy geese, our study confirmed that ABV can also be associated with significant disease in wild waterfowl species.
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- 2013
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43. Viral vector vaccines expressing nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein genes of avian bornaviruses ameliorate homologous challenge infections in cockatiels and common canaries
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Peter Staeheli, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Sara Malberg, Marita Olbert, Angela Römer-Oberdörfer, Christiane Herden, and Solveig Runge
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0301 basic medicine ,Modified vaccinia Ankara ,Cockatiels ,animal structures ,Canaries ,040301 veterinary sciences ,viruses ,Genetic Vectors ,Immunization, Secondary ,Newcastle disease virus ,Cockatoos ,Vaccinia virus ,Chick Embryo ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Newcastle disease ,Virus ,Article ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Viral Proteins ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Parrots ,Animals ,Viral shedding ,Cells, Cultured ,Multidisciplinary ,Bird Diseases ,Vaccination ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Viral Vaccines ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Phosphoproteins ,Virology ,Immunity, Humoral ,Virus Shedding ,030104 developmental biology ,Nucleoproteins ,chemistry ,Bornaviridae ,Vaccinia - Abstract
Avian bornaviruses are causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), an often fatal disease of parrots and related species (order Psittaciformes) which is widely distributed in captive psittacine populations and may affect endangered species. Here, we established a vaccination strategy employing two different well described viral vectors, namely recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) that were engineered to express the phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein genes of two avian bornaviruses, parrot bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) and canary bornavirus 2 (CnBV-2). When combined in a heterologous prime/boost vaccination regime, NDV and MVA vaccine viruses established self-limiting infections and induced a bornavirus-specific humoral immune response in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) and common canaries (Serinus canaria forma domestica). After challenge infection with a homologous bornavirus, shedding of bornavirus RNA and viral loads in tissue samples were significantly reduced in immunized birds, indicating that vaccination markedly delayed the course of infection. However, cockatiels still developed signs of PDD if the vaccine failed to prevent viral persistence. Our work demonstrates that avian bornavirus infections can be repressed by vaccine-induced immunity. It represents a first crucial step towards a protective vaccination strategy to combat PDD in psittacine birds.
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- 2016
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44. Parrot Bornavirus (PaBV)-2 isolate causes different disease patterns in cockatiels than PaBV-4
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Hildburg Lange-Herbst, Basim Al-Ibadi, Michael Lierz, Dirk Enderlein, Julia Heckmann, Ursula Heffels-Redmann, Anne Piepenbring, Sibylle Herzog, and Christiane Herden
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Cockatiels ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Cockatoos ,Disease ,Biology ,0403 veterinary science ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Parrots ,Food Animals ,Species Specificity ,Disease patterns ,Animals ,Viral rna ,Seroconversion ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Bird Diseases ,Disease progression ,Mononegavirales Infections ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Virology ,Virus Shedding ,030104 developmental biology ,Bornaviridae ,Disease Progression ,RNA, Viral ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,Proventriculus ,Dilatation, Pathologic - Abstract
Psittaciform 1 bornavirus (PaBV) has already been shown to be the aetiologic agent of proventricular dilatation disease, a significant disease of birds. However, the pathogenesis of PaBV infection has not yet been resolved and valid data regarding the pathogenicity of different PaBV species are lacking. Thus, the present study was aimed to characterize the influence of two different PaBV species on the course of disease. Eighteen cockatiels were inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) or intravenously (i.v.) with a PaBV-2 isolate under the same conditions as in a previous study using PaBV-4. Birds were surveyed and sampled for 33 weeks to analyse the course of infection and disease in comparison to that of PaBV-4. Similar to PaBV-4, PaBV-2 induced a persistent infection with seroconversion (from day 6 p.i. onwards) and shedding of viral RNA (from day 27 p.i. onwards). However, in contrast to PaBV-4, more birds displayed clinical signs and disease progression was more severe. After PaBV-2 infection, 12 birds exhibited clinical signs and 10 birds revealed a dilated proventriculus in necropsy. After PaBV-4 infection only four birds revealed clinical signs and seven birds showed a dilatation of the proventriculus. Clinically, different courses of disease were observed after PaBV-2 infection, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract. This had not been detected after PaBV-4 infection where more neurological signs were noted. The results provide evidence for different disease patterns according to different PaBV species, allowing the comparison between the infection with two PaBV species, and thus underlining the role of viral and individual host factors for disease outcome.
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- 2016
45. Identification of Mixed Infections with Different Genotypes of Avian Bornaviruses in Psittacine Birds with Proventricular Dilatation Disease
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Herbert Weissenböck, Jolanta Kolodziejek, Norbert Nowotny, A. Maderner, Helga Lussy, and Nora Nedorost
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Stomach Diseases ,Disease ,Biology ,Psittaciformes ,Viral Matrix Proteins ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Food Animals ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Animals ,Gene ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Bird Diseases ,Coinfection ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Brain ,Mononegavirales Infections ,RNA virus ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Europe ,Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ,Bornaviridae ,RNA, Viral ,Proventriculus ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Primer (molecular biology) ,Sequence Alignment ,Mixed infection - Abstract
Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a fatal, progressive neurological disorder of psittacine birds, which is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, the avian bornavirus (ABV). The disease pattern includes lymphoplasmacytic inflammation of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system. Seven avian bornavirus genotypes have been identified during the last years. So far only monoinfections with a single genotype of ABV have been attributed to PDD cases. However, after a recent survey discovered a case of a double infection with two different ABV genotypes, this seemed to indicate the need for a more systematic search for mixed infections. Brain specimens from 21 psittacine birds affected with PDD were examined. Aim of the investigation was to generate partial ABV sequences of a part of the matrix protein (M) gene and to evaluate whether sequences of more than one ABV genotype were present. RNA was extracted, and subjected to reverse transcriptase PCR with primer pairs generating a partial sequence of the matrix protein (M) gene, followed by a cloning procedure. Ten clones per case were sequenced in order to elucidate whether sequences characteristic for one or more than one genotype were present. In 19 of 21 cases clear M gene sequences could be generated; in two cases nucleic acid amplification failed. Seven birds were infected with ABV 2 and nine with ABV 4, representing the predominant genotypes in Europe. Two cases showed a mixed infection with ABV 2 and ABV 4, and one case a mixed infection with ABV 2 and ABV 6. These results suggest that the molecular cloning method is a useful tool for distinguishing between single and multiple infection events by different ABV genotypes.
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- 2012
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46. Pathogenesis of Avian Bornavirus in Experimentally Infected Cockatiels
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Michael Lierz, Saskia Ressmeyer, Ursula Heffels-Redmann, Christiane Herden, Erhard F. Kaleta, Sibylle Herzog, Dirk Enderlein, and Anne Piepenbring
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Central Nervous System ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Cockatiels ,Genes, Viral ,bornavirus disease ,cockatiels ,Epidemiology ,Cockatoos ,lcsh:Medicine ,virus ,psittacines ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Virus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Pathogenesis ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Avian bornavirus ,Antigen ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,proventricular dilatation disease ,Seroconversion ,Skin ,Bird Diseases ,Research ,pathogenesis ,lcsh:R ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Proventriculus ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,experimental infection ,Bornaviridae ,Immunology ,RNA, Viral ,Female - Abstract
Inoculation induced persistent infection, clinical signs, and seroconversion., Avian bornavirus (ABV) is the presumed causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a major fatal disease in psittacines. However, the influencing factors and pathogenesis of PDD are not known and natural ABV infection exhibits remarkable variability. We investigated the course of infection in 18 cockatiels that were intracerebrally and intravenously inoculated with ABV. A persistent ABV infection developed in all 18 cockatiels, but, as in natural infection, clinical disease patterns varied. Over 33 weeks, we simultaneously studied seroconversion, presence of viral RNA and antigens, infectious virus, histopathologic alterations, and clinical signs of infection in the ABV-infected birds. Our study results further confirm the etiologic role of ABV in the development of PDD, and they provide basis for further investigations of the pathogenetic mechanisms and disease-inducing factors for the development of PDD.
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- 2012
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47. Non-Retroviral Fossils in Vertebrate Genomes
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Masayuki Horie and Keizo Tomonaga
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Retroelements ,Virus Integration ,viruses ,Negative strand ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Review ,Biology ,Genome ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Evolution, Molecular ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Virology ,biology.animal ,Animals ,Humans ,Mammals ,viral fossil ,non-retroviral endogenization ,RNA ,Vertebrate ,Computational Biology ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Exaptation ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Evolutionary biology ,Viral evolution ,Bornaviridae ,non-retroviral integration ,Vertebrates ,exaptation ,Paleovirology ,endogenous non-retroviral virus-like elements ,DNA - Abstract
Although no physical fossils of viruses have been found, retroviruses are known to leave their molecular fossils in the genomes of their hosts, the so-called endogenous retroviral elements. These have provided us with important information about retroviruses in the past and their co-evolution with their hosts. On the other hand, because non-retroviral viruses were considered not to leave such fossils, even the existence of prehistoric non-retroviral viruses has been enigmatic. Recently, we discovered that elements derived from ancient bornaviruses, non-segmented, negative strand RNA viruses, are found in the genomes of several mammalian species, including humans. In addition, at approximately the same time, several endogenous elements of RNA viruses, DNA viruses and reverse-transcribing DNA viruses have been independently reported, which revealed that non-retroviral viruses have played significant roles in the evolution of their hosts and provided novel insights into virology and cell biology. Here we review non-retroviral virus-like elements in vertebrate genomes, non-retroviral integration and the knowledge obtained from these endogenous non-retroviral virus-like elements.
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- 2011
48. Occurrence of avian bornavirus infection in captive psittacines in various European countries and its association with proventricular dilatation disease
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Michael Lierz, Dirk Enderlein, Ursula Heffels-Redmann, Daniel Neumann, H. E. Müller, Sibylle Herzog, Hermann J. Müller, Sara Capelli, Helga Gerlach, Kirstin Oberhäuser, Erhard F. Kaleta, Anne Piepenbring, and Christiane Herden
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Veterinary medicine ,Ciconia ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Bird Diseases ,Bird collections ,Stomach Diseases ,Geopelia ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Crop (anatomy) ,biology.organism_classification ,Psittaciformes ,Virus Shedding ,Europe ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Food Animals ,Bornaviridae ,Animals ,RNA, Viral ,Proventriculus ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cloaca ,Viral shedding - Abstract
A total of 1442 live birds and 73 dead birds out of 215 bird collections in Spain, Germany, Italy, the UK and Denmark were tested for avian bornavirus (ABV) infection by four different methods. The majority of the birds were psittacines belonging to 54 different genera of the order Psittaciformes. In total, 22.8% of the birds reacted positive for ABV in at least one of the tests. Combined testing of swabs from the crop and cloaca, and serum for the diagnosis of ABV infection in live birds revealed that virus shedding and antibody production coincided in only one-fifth of the positive birds so that the examination of these three samples is recommended for reliable ABV diagnosis. By statistical analysis of this large number of samples, the ABV infection proved to be highly significant (P
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- 2011
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49. Diagnosis of Avian bornavirus infection in psittaciformes by serum antibody detection and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay using feather calami
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Anelle Kerski, Arne H. de Kloet, and Siwo R. de Kloet
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Molecular Sequence Data ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Psittaciformes ,Serology ,Parrots ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Animals ,Base Sequence ,General Veterinary ,Bird Diseases ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Feathers ,Virology ,Nucleoprotein ,Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ,Bornaviridae ,Feather ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,biology.protein ,RNA, Viral ,Sample collection ,Antibody - Abstract
Avian bornavirus (ABV) is the causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a highly devastating and contagious disease of psittacines (parrots and parakeets), which has resulted in the death of many captive birds. Accurate diagnosis of bornavirus infection is therefore important for the identification and isolation of infected birds. The current study showed that nonvascular contour (chest) feather calami provide a ready and minimally invasive source of RNA for the detection of ABV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Storage of the feathers at room temperature for at least a month did not affect the results. Serological analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that identification of anti-bornaviral nucleoprotein P40 antibodies can identify many birds with a past or present infection. The presence of anti-avian bornaviral P24 phosphoprotein and P16 matrix protein antibodies was quite variable, rendering these antibodies less useful for diagnosis of ABV infection. The significance of the present findings is that the use of nonvascular feathers as a source of RNA allows sample collection under conditions where storage of other samples would be difficult. Serum detection by ELISA of anti-P40 antibodies allows the identification of infected birds when RT-PCR fails.
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- 2011
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50. Proventricular Dilatation Disease Associated with Avian Bornavirus Infection in a Citron-Crested Cockatoo that Was Born and Hand-Reared in Japan
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Toshiaki Kodama, Hirohito Ogawa, Megumi Kudo, Koji Uetsuka, Kotaro Tuchiya, Yasuyuki Sanada, and Naoko Sanada
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Cockatoos ,Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata ,Virus ,Fatal Outcome ,Proventricular dilatation disease ,Japan ,Genotype ,medicine ,Animals ,Avian bornavirus ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Phylogeny ,Base Sequence ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Bird Diseases ,Histocytochemistry ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Mononegavirales Infections ,Proventriculus ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,RNA, Bacterial ,Bornaviridae ,Female ,Sequence Alignment ,Dilatation, Pathologic - Abstract
A 5-month-old female Citron-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata) that was born and hand-reared in Japan died with suspected proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the bird revealed characteristic features of PDD, i.e., distention of the proventriculus and infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in ganglia of various organs and in central and peripheral nerves. A linkage of this PDD case to infection with avian bornavirus (ABV) was documented by RT-PCR amplification of the virus genomes from the affected bird. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ABV identified in this study clustered into the genotype 2, which is one of the dominant ABV genotypes worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a natural case of PDD associated with ABV infection in Japan.
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- 2011
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