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Traditional recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) binder extraction is not a cost-effective and sustainable option for a quick field study because it requires the use of a huge amount of solvent. Hence, most of the studies on asphalt pavement are carried out with laboratory-aged bitumen in accordance with well-established procedures, i.e., the pressure aging vessel (PAV). Unfortunately, some studies highlight the differences between bitumen aged in the laboratory and in service because it is difficult to reproduce extreme conditions such as real conditions, both atmospheric and load; and this also affects the choice and use of rejuvenators, sometimes compromising the interpretation of results. This study aims to compare the thermo-rheological behavior of a 70/100 bitumen aged with the PAV and two different binders extracted by RAPs. The rheological performances of bitumens were compared in temperature and by dynamic oscillatory tests and steady-state tests, resulting in strength and viscosity values higher for samples with RAP binders compared to the PAV sample. The same bitumens were tested with the addition of a 3% w/w of soybean oil (SO). The results show a decrease in the moduli and viscosity at all the temperatures investigated when SO is added to the laboratory-aged bitumen, while no appreciable differences are evident on naturally aged samples added with SO. Differences were evaluated in terms of cross-over frequency and rheological parameters. Furthermore, the SO effect showed substantial differences, especially in viscosity values, indicating that the study of regenerated or modified bitumen from aged bitumen still requires study, as current standard techniques and procedures cannot emulate real aging conditions well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the demand for foods without animal proteins has increased, both for health and ethical reasons. Replacing animal protein in foods can result in unappealing textures, hindering consumer acceptance. In this context, interfacial properties also play a crucial role in food systems like foam or emulsions. Therefore, the interfacial rheological behavior at the air–water interface of pea protein isolate (PPI) has been investigated to understand how affects food foam production. The PPI has been studied without modification and also through enzymatic treatment with transglutaminase (TG) to understand the interfacial properties of the modified proteins. Data obtained by static measurements have shown a surface activity of PPI comparable with other vegetable proteins, while the treatment with TG does not significantly alter the surface tension value and the interfacial adsorption rate. Differences have been found in the rearrangement rate, which decreases with TG, suggesting a possible crosslinking of the pea proteins. The PPI modified with TG, studied in dynamic conditions both in dilation and shear kinematics, are less elastic than PPI that is untreated but with a higher consistency, which may lead to poor foam stability. The lower complex interfacial modulus obtained under shear conditions also suggests a low long-time stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional wound dressings may lack suitability for diverse wound types and individual patient requirements. In this context, this study aimed to innovate wound care by developing a 3D-printed patch using alginate and pectin and incorporating Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) as an active ingredient. Different polymer-to-plasticizer ratios were systematically examined to formulate a printable ink with optimal viscosity. The resultant film, enriched with OLE, exhibited a substantial polyphenolic content of 13.15 ± 0.41 mg CAE/g, showcasing significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Notably, the film demonstrated potent scavenging abilities against DPPH, ABTS, and NO radicals, with IC50 values of 0.66 ± 0.07, 0.47 ± 0.04, and 2.02 ± 0.14 mg/mL, respectively. In vitro release and diffusion studies were carried out and the release profiles revealed an almost complete release of polyphenols from the patch within 48 h. Additionally, the fabricated film exhibited the capacity to enhance cell motility and accelerate wound healing, evidenced by increased collagen I expression in BJ fibroblast cells. Structural assessments affirmed the ability of the patch to absorb exudates and maintain the optimal moisture balance, while biocompatibility studies underscored its suitability for biomedical applications. These compelling findings endorse the potential application of the developed film in advanced wound care, with the prospect of tailoring patches to individual patient needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Recent research on the valorization of agro-industrial waste has attempted to obtain new products. Grape residue is a waste product used in the grape wine industry that is rich in anthocyanins, as well as leaves and waste parts from red cabbage processing. Anthocyanins, thanks to their various functionalities, can be recovered and used as active and intelligent agents in food packaging. Anthocyanins have antioxidant properties that help to prevent cardiovascular disease. (2) Methods: In this study, the process of extracting waste was studied using solvent and supercritical CO2 extraction. The obtained anthocyanins were used in starch-based food film formulations. Several formulations were studied using rheometric techniques and the effect of adding anthocyanins on optimal film formulation was investigated. (3) Results: Solvent extractions resulted in a maximum extraction yield. The extracts obtained were used for the preparation of coating and edible films, optimized in the formulation. (4) Conclusions: The addition of anthocyanins to films resulted in increased sample structuring and mechanical properties that are valid for applications, like dipping using coverage methods. The packaging is also attractive and pH-sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]