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Ülkemizde kalkınma yatırımları arasında yer alan akarsu havzalarında inşa edilen bazı barajlar sit alanlarını ve Taşınmaz Kültür Varlıklarını etkilediğinden, kültürel mirası koruyan ve gelecek nesillere aktaran önemli bir görevi beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu nedenle kalkınma projeleri gerçekleştirilirken kalkınma-kültürel mirasın korunması dengesinin gözetilmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Kalkınma projeleri nedeniyle tehdit altında giren kültür varlıkların kurtarılması ya da olumsuz etkilerin azaltılması için son seçenek olarak yerinde koruma, kısmı veya bütünüyle yeni bir yere nakil edilmesi gibi çalışmaların gerçekleştirmesini gerektirmektedir. Makalenin konusunun oluşturan ve Güney Anadolu Bölgesinde Siirt, Şırnak, Mardin, Diyarbakır ve Batman illerinin kimi yerleşimlerini kapsayan Ilısu Barajı ve Hidroelektrik Santralı (HES) Projesinin rezervuar alanında kalan Hasankeyf’teki kültür varlıklarının korunma ve kurtarılmasına yönelik çalışmalar bu anlamda en özel örneklerdir. İnterdisipliner uzman ekiplerle hazırlanan yönetim planı çerçevesinde, bütünleşik koruma ilkelerine dayanılarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmaların, benzer yok olma tehdidi ile karşılaşan kültür varlıklarının korunması/kurtarılması için yaklaşımlar ve metotlar açısından fikir vermesi hedeflenmiştir.

Diseases are quite common in fish farms because of changes in physico-chemical characteristics in the aquatic environment, and operational concerns, i.e., overstocking and feeding issues. In the present study, potential factors (water physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal load) on the disease-causing state of the pathogenic bacteria Lactococcus garvieae and Vagococcus sp. were examined with machine learning techniques in a trout farm. Recording of physico-chemical characteristics of the water, fish sampling and bacteria identification were carried out at bimonthly intervals. A dataset was generated from the physico-chemical characteristics of the water and the occurrence of bacteria in the trout samples. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was used to determine the most important independent variables within the generated dataset. The most important seven features affecting bacteria occurrence were determined. The model creation process continued with these seven features. Three well-known machine learning techniques (Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression and Naïve Bayes) were used to model the dataset. Consequently, all the three models have produced comparable results, and Support Vector Machine (93.3% accuracy) had the highest accuracy. Monitoring changes in the aquaculture environment and detecting situations causing significant losses through machine learning techniques have a great potential to support sustainable production.

Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: Rezafungin is a next-generation, once-a-week echinocandin in development for the treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis and for the prevention of invasive fungal disease caused by Candida, Aspergillus, and Pneumocystis spp after blood and marrow transplantation. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous rezafungin versus intravenous caspofungin in patients with candidaemia and invasive candidiasis. METHODS: ReSTORE was a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised phase 3 trial done at 66 tertiary care centres in 15 countries. Adults (≥18 years) with systemic signs and mycological confirmation of candidaemia or invasive candidiasis were eligible for inclusion and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous rezafungin once a week (400 mg in week 1, followed by 200 mg weekly, for a total of two to four doses) or intravenous caspofungin (70 mg loading dose on day 1, followed by 50 mg daily) for no more than 4 weeks. The primary endpoints were global cure (consisting of clinical cure, radiological cure, and mycological eradication) at day 14 for the European Medical Agency (EMA) and 30-day all-cause mortality for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), both with a target non-inferiority margin of 20%, assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population (all patients who received one or more doses of study drug and had documented Candida infection based on a culture from blood or another normally sterile site obtained within 96 h before randomisation). Safety was evaluated by the incidence and type of adverse events and deaths in the safety population, defined as all patients who received any amount of study drug. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03667690, and is complete. FINDINGS: Between Oct 12, 2018, and Aug 29, 2021, 222 patients were screened for inclusion, and 199 patients (118 [59%] men; 81 [41%] women; mean age 61 years [SD 15·2]) were randomly assigned (100 [50%] patients to the rezafungin group and 99 [50%] patients to the caspofungin group). 55 (59%) of 93 patients in the rezafungin group and 57 (61%) of 94 patients in the caspofungin group had a global cure at day 14 (weighted treatment difference -1·1% [95% CI -14·9 to 12·7]; EMA primary endpoint). 22 (24%) of 93 patients in the rezafungin group and 20 (21%) of 94 patients in the caspofungin group died or had an unknown survival status at day 30 (treatment difference 2·4% [95% CI -9·7 to 14·4]; FDA primary endpoint). In the safety analysis, 89 (91%) of 98 patients in the rezafungin group and 83 (85%) of 98 patients in the caspofungin group had at least one treatment-emergent adverse event. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred in at least 5% of patients in either group were pyrexia, hypokalaemia, pneumonia, septic shock, and anaemia. 55 (56%) patients in the rezafungin group and 52 (53%) patients in the caspofungin group had serious adverse events. INTERPRETATION: Our data show that rezafungin was non-inferior to caspofungin for the primary endpoints of day-14 global cure (EMA) and 30-day all-cause mortality (FDA). Efficacy in the initial days of treatment warrants evaluation. There were no concerning trends in treatment-emergent or serious adverse events. These phase 3 results show the efficacy and safety of rezafungin and support its ongoing development. FUNDING: Cidara Therapeutics and Mundipharma.

This study was aimed to determine the current antibiotic resistance of Lactococcus garvieae, which causes significant economic losses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms. For the study, three farms located around a stream were visited in two consecutive disease outbreaks. Bacteria were isolated from the diseased fish and all bacterial isolates were identified using conventional and molecular methods. Then, they were examined for 5 different antibiotic resistance genes and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using the disc diffusion technique. The results of the study revealed that all 16 isolates had a different antibiotic resistance profile and each should be considered as a separate strain. Additionally, they showed that there may be different L. garvieae strains within and between farms, using the same water source. Comparison of the results with previous studies from the region and different regions of the country revealed that antibiotic resistance is increasing in L. garvieae, and screenings on a limited number of isolates may not give an accurate picture of the final status of antibiotic resistance. These outcomes of the study are discussed in terms of treatment strategies that trout farms in the region should follow when treating lactococcosis.

Introduction The aim of this study was to compare clinical results of bilateral decompression and laminotomy and contralateral laminotomy following discectomy from the same side in patients who have far lateral disk herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis at the same level. Materials and Methods Twenty-four patients with far lateral disk herniation have been divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 14), those who have been through bilateral canal decompression with far lateral discectomy and ipsilateral approach, and group 2 (n = 10), those who have been through far lateral discectomy and bilateral decompression with unilateral approach from contralateral side. Early postoperative, 1st month, and 12th month back and leg pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of the patients have been retrospectively evaluated. Results There is no significant difference between 1st month back and leg pain VAS scores of the groups. But 12th month back and leg pain VAS scores of group 1 are significantly higher than 1st month VAS scores. Also, 12th month back and leg pain VAS scores of group 1 are significantly higher than group 1. In the scanning carried out when the complaints of eight patients in group 1 continued, pars interarticularis fracture has been observed on the side where the surgery has been performed (57.1%). Six of these eight patients have been through stabilization surgery (42.8%). Conclusion Long-term postoperative results are better in cases who have been performed bilateral decompression with unilateral approach from contralateral side with median incision following paramedian incision discectomy in patients with far lateral disk herniation and spinal stenosis.

Medya sektöründe oligopol piyasa yapısına neden olan mülkiyet yoğunlaşması, sektörde birkaç büyük medya kuruluşunun öne çıkmasını sağlamaktadır. Kamu üzerindeki etkisi göz önüne alındığında kitle iletişim araçlarının birer ideolojik üretim aygıtlarına dönüşebilmelerinden dolayı, medya sektöründe yatay birleşmeler sonucunda çapraz mülkiyet yoğunlaşmasına sahip bir medya kuruluşu düşünüldüğünde, güçlü bir yönlendirme gücünden söz edilebilmektedir. Bu gücün yanı sıra sermaye sahipleri tarafından günümüzde bir sanayi sektöründen farksız yaklaşılan medya alanının temel işlevi olan kamu yararı göz ardı edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada medya sektöründe geçmişten beri var olan ve özellikle neo-liberal politikalardan sonra büyük ilerleme kaydeden medyada mülkiyet yoğunlaşması olgusunun Türk medya sektöründeki oluşturduğu etkiler anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Medya sektörünün kendisinden beklenen kamu yararı işlevine karşı olumsuz anlamda etki eden, toplumun doğru ve çeşitli haber alma hakkına zarar veren bu etkiler kavramlar ve örnek olaylarla birlikte açıklanmıştır. Mevcut konunun irdelenmesinde literatür taraması da yapılarak güncel eserlerden yararlanılmıştır, Ownership concentration, which causes oligopoly market structure in the media sector, makes several large media organizations stand out in the sector. Considering its effect on the public, a strong steering power can be mentioned when considering a media establishment that has a cross-ownership concentration as a result of horizontal mergers in the media sector, since mass media can turn into ideological production devices. In addition to this power, public benefit, which is the main function of the media field, which is approached by capital owners as indistinguishable from an industrial sector today, is ignored. In this study, the effects of the phenomenon of ownership concentration in the media sector, which has existed in the media sector from the past and made great progress especially after neo-liberal policies, on the Turkish media sector is tried to be explained. These effects, which have a negative impact on the public benefit function expected of the media sector and harm the society's right to receive accurate and various news, are explained with concepts and case studies. The current works were used by making literature reviews in examinating the current issue

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. Changes in the treatment of metastatic lung cancer in recent years have made targetable mutations gain importance. MET alteration is one of these driver mutations and crizotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in therapy. Methods: In our study, data of patients with c-MET amplification who received crizotinib treatment between July 2017 and November 2020 in the Medical Oncology Clinic of Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. c-MET scanning was performed by the fluorescent in situ hybridization method by using Cytotest MET/CCP7 probe kit by evaluating 100 tumor cells and the threshold value for positivity was accepted as above 20%. Results: Eight of 28 patients who received crizotinib treatment had c-MET amplification. Seven of these patients were male and one was female. Progression-free survival and overall survival in these eight patients were 9.4 and 10.9 months, respectively, and objective response rate was 50%. Grade 4 nausea was observed in only one patient; there was no grade 4–5 toxicity and no patient discontinued the drug due to toxicity. Conclusion: Crizotinib is an effective treatment option other than cytotoxic chemotherapy in the limited number of patients with MET amplification in the stage 4 lung adenocarcinoma subgroup. It is important to investigate this amplification, which can be detected especially in smoking patients in the appropriate patient group, and to use appropriate tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treatment.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly turned into a global pandemic with close to 5 million cases and more than 320,000 deaths. Cancer patients constitute a group that is expected to be at risk and poor prognosis in COVID pandemic. We aimed to investigate how cancer patients are affected by COVID-19 infection, its clinical course and the factors affecting mortality. Methods In our single-center retrospective study, we included cancer patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 in our hospital. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records. Logistic regression methods were used to investigate risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Results In the hospital, 4489 patients were hospitalized with COVID infection and 77 were cancer patients. The mean age of cancer patients was 61.9 ± 10.9 and 44 of them were male (62%). While the mortality rate in non-cancer patients was 1.51% (n = 68), this rate was significantly higher in cancer patients, 23.9% (n = 17). The stage of the disease, receiving chemotherapy in the last 30 days also lymphopenia, elevated troponin I, d-dimer, CRP, and CT findings were associated with severe disease and mortality. Severe lung involvement (OR = 22.9, p = 0.01) and lymphopenia (OR = 0.99, p = 0.04) are the most important factors influencing survival in logistic regression. Conclusions The disease is more severe in cancer patients and mortality is significantly higher than non-cancer patients. These data show that it may be beneficial to develop dynamic prevention, early diagnosis and treatment strategies for this vulnerable group of patients who are affected by the infection so much.

Ilısu Barajı ve Hidroelektrik Santralı (HEPP) Projesi’nin tamamlanmasıyla büyük bir bölümü su altında kalacak olan Hasankeyf’teki kültürel mirasın belgelenmesi, korunması ve kurtarılmasına yönelik bir kurtarma projesi oluşturulmuştur. Bu proje kapsamında yeralan Er Rızk Camii Minaresi de yeni Hasankeyf yerleşiminde oluşturulan arkeopark alanındaki yeni yerine bütünüyle taşınanarak baraj gölü suları altında kalma tehdidinden kurtarılmıştır. Er Rızk Camii Minaresi taşıma çalışmaları kapsamında farklı seviyelerinden elde edilen taş ve derz/moloz dolgu harç örnekleri, çeşitli analitik metotlar kullanılarak arkeometrik yönden incelenmiştir. Er Rızk Camii Minaresi’ne ait taş ve harç örnekler öncelikle görsel olarak değerlendirildikten sonra fotoğraflanarak belgelenmiş ve kodlanmıştır. Arkeometrik çalışmalar kapsamında taş ve harç örneklerin fiziksel özellikleri temel fiziksel testlerle (birim hacim ağırlığı, su tutma kapasitesi ve gözeneklilikleri), suda çözünen tuz miktarı ile pH değerleri de kondaktometrik analiz ile belirlenmiştir. Harç örneklere, agrega/bağlayıcı ve agregada tane boyutu dağılımı (granülometrik) analizi uygulanmıştır. Örneklerin petrografik özellikleri, ince kesitleri hazırlanıp optik mikroskop analizi ile, kimyasal özelikleri de PED-XRF analizi ile belirlenmiştir.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, worldwide. Despite immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a significant proportion of patients are still treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. It is widely noticed that systemic inflammation plays an important role in the development and progression of many solid tumors. In this study, we aimed to analyze the predictive role of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with first-line platinum-doublet chemotherapy.We retrospectively collected data of patients treated with first-line therapy for metastatic NSCLC. All patients were treated with first-line platinum-doublet chemotherapy. The patients were grouped based on the median values of SII, PNI, and NLR. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons between groups.The chemotherapy response rate (RR) was 75% in all patients. RR is statistically significantly lower in high SII, low PNI, and high NLR groups.High inflammatory indexes in metastatic NSCLC patients who were treated with platinum-doublet chemotherapy are related to low chemotherapy RR.

A 36-year-old male patient, who was an agricultural farmer and had a diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation, was admitted with symptoms of fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath that lasted for a month, in March 2017. Examination revealed dyspnea and bilateral rales and rhonchi in lung auscultation. A 3/6 systolic murmur was heard in the mesocardiac focus. The laboratory tests showed a white blood cell count of 15.14x10(3)/mu l, erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 36 mm/h, and C-reactive protein of 26 mg/l. An echocardiogram showed mobile vegetation (30x10 mm) on the aortic valve and severe aortic and tricuspid valve insufficiency. All blood cultures that are taken from the patient with the diagnosis of infective endocarditis were negative and C. burnetii phase I IgG antibody was positive at 1/32768 titer. As far as we know, herein, we present a case of endocarditis due to C. burnetii, which is the third case that is reported in Turkey. Q ateşi, Coxiella burnetii ’nin neden olduğu zoonotik bir hastalıktır. Çiftlik hayvanları insan enfeksiyonları için birincil rezervuarlardır. Akut Q ateşi genellikle grip benzeri bir hastalık olarak ortaya çıkar. Kronik formda ana klinik tablo endokardittir. Otuz altı yaşında erkek hasta, biküspit aort kapağı ve koarktasyon tanısı alan bir tarım çiftçisi, Mart 2017’de bir aydır devam eden ateş, yorgunluk ve nefes darlığı şikayetleri ile başvurdu. Fizik muayenede hasta dispneik olup, akciğer seslerinde bilateral ral ve ronküs mevcuttu. Mezokardiyak odakta 3/6 sistolik üfürüm duyuldu. Laboratuvar testlerinde lökosit 15,14x103 /µl, eritrosit sedimentasyon hızı 36 mm/saat, C-reaktif protein 26 mg/l idi. Ekokardiyogramda aort kapağında hareketli bir vejetasyon (30x10 mm), şiddetli aort ve triküspit kapak yetmezliği saptandı. Enfektif endokardit tanısıyla hastadan alınan tüm kan kültürleri negatif sonuçlandı. C. burnetii faz I IgG antikoru 1/32768 titrede pozitif geldi. Bu makalede bildiğimiz kadarıyla Türkiye’de bildirilen üçüncü olgu olan C. burnetii’ye bağlı endokardit vakasını sunduk.

Since pseudoarthrosis or screw loosening is frequently seen in lumbosacral stabilizations ending in S1, S2 screws are used more frequently to support S1 screws. This study aims to describe a new screw placement technique and location from S2. Revision surgery was applied to the patient who had previously undergone surgery with the rigid instrumentation system and encountered pseudoarthrosis during the follow-up period. Instrumentation was performed from S2 to the promontorium. The patient’s chronic low back pain arising due to pseudoarthrosis was reduced and a strong lumbosacral dynamic instrumentation was performed to the patient. Dual screw placement from S2 and/or screw placement in the S2-promontorium direction is a new alternative to provide a powerful instrumentation.

Background and aim: baricitinib is an inhibitor of Janus-associated kinase (JAK) subtypes 1 and 2 with various effects on intracellular signaling pathways. Approved for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and recently used for severe COVID-19, the prevalence of infections associated with baricitinib treatment has not been widely reported. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of infectious side effects in patients treated with baricitinib. Methods: using the WHO global pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase), we carried out an extensive data analysis of approximately 300 patients treated with baricitinib. The prevalence of infectious side effects was our main focus. Patients treated with baricitinib for the indication of severe COVID-19 were excluded.Results: the most prevalent infectious side effect of baricitinib was oral herpes (IC025 of 4.36) and herpes zoster infection (IC025 of 4.159). On the contrary, gastrointestinal viral infections, infectious pleural effusions and various viral pneumonias had low prevalence rates (IC025 values of 0.173; 0.093; and 0.188, respectively). Conclusion: based on a big data analysis, baricitinib was associated with infectious complications where oral herpes and herpes zoster infections shown to be more prevalent than previously reported. The immunomodulatory effect of baricitinib including cytokine effects on immune cells and the inhibition of numerous growth factors and cytokines such as IL-2, suppressing both innate and adaptive immune responses, are the most comprehensive mechanisms behind such side effects. Given the clinical indications for baricitinib (RA) and the current use in severe COVID-19, cautious approach should be taken before introducing baricitinib particularly in immunosuppressed patients.

Platin-based chemotherapies are first-line treatment methods after surgery in bladder cancer. Recently, novel immunotherapies emerged after platin-based regimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression which are used as predictive biomarkers in immunotherapy.Clinical and pathological features of bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy were retrospectively analyzed from their records in this single-center study. PD-L1, PD-L1 on TIL, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6 and MLH1 immunohistochemistry staining were carried out to archieve resected tumor specimens of the eligible patients. MSI was evaluated according to existing of PMS2, MSH2, MSH6 and MLH1.MSI was high in 24.6% of 61 patients. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and PD-L1 expression on TIL were positive in 14.8% and 16.4% of the patients, respectively. Intratumoral TIL rate was10% in 12 patients (19.7%). There was no statistically significant relationship between PD-L1, PD-L1 on TIL, MSI and TIL rate and patients' characteristics including sex, stage, pathologic grade and lymph node status. There was a positive trend between MSI-high patients and overall survival (OS) (p=0.089). Univariate analysis did not reveal any significant difference at 3-years OS with PD-L1 tumor expression and PD-L1 expression on TIL and TIL rate10% (p=0.822, p=0.638, p=0.318, respectively) Conclusion: This study revealed that there is a positive trend between OS and MSI but no prognostic significance of PD-L1 and TIL which are proven predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy in patients with bladder cancer.

Background Coccydynia is a painful condition of the sacrococcygeal region, with symptoms associated with sitting and rising from a seated position. It is frequently related to trauma and idiopathic causes, and the pain is mostly chronic. Percutaneous vertebroplasty and sacroplasty are the methods that are widely used for treating compression fractures and sacral insufficiency fractures, respectively. However, the success of polymethylmethacrylate injection in the treatment of osteoporotic coccyx fractures and coccydynia is still unknown. Case report A 68-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with complaints of pain in the sacrococcygeal and perianal regions. In the imaging studies, a fracture line in the fifth sacral and first coccygeal segments was observed as evidenced by a bony edema. Since the patient’s pain did not improve with conservative methods, we treated him with coccygeoplasty. No complication was encountered. The day after the operation, he was discharged from the hospital with complete pain relief. The patient confirmed having no pain on the third postoperative month and so did not need any analgesics. Conclusion Coccyceoplasty may be a good treatment option for retractable pain in patients with acute or subacute osteoporotic coccygeal fractures and coccydinia with edema.

Televizyon, icat edildiği tarihten bu yana toplumsal etkisi açısından önemini koruyan bir kitle iletişim aracı olmuştur. Topluma yönelik farklı fonksiyonları olan televizyonun en önemli işlevi haber ve bilgi vermedir. Haber verme işlevi, televizyon için sonraları diğer işlevlerden biri olan eğlendirme işlevi ile karışmaya başlamış ve haber sunumları sunucu temelinde şekillenmeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda ilk olarak ABD’de ortaya çıkan “anchor” kavramı ana haber bültenlerine yeni bir soluk getirmiştir. Gün sonunda olup bitenleri öğrenmek için bireyler tarafından sıklıkla tercih edilen ana haber bültenleri aynı zamanda televizyon kanalları için de bir prestij göstergesidir. Bu nedenle televizyon kanalına karşı bireylerin birtakım yargılara varacağı ana haber bültenleri oldukça önemli görülmektedir. Ana haber bülteninde işlenen haber konuları, haber sıralaması, sunucunun haberi sunuş tarzı gibi unsurlar televizyon kanalının izlenmesi açısından belirleyici olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da ana haber bültenlerinde işlenen haber konuları ve haberin sunum tarzının reyting ile bir ilişkisi olup olmadığını belirtmektir. Çalışma, Türkiye’deki ana haber bültenlerinin toplum tarafından tercih edilme sebeplerini ortaya koyma açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye’de en çok izlenen ana haber bültenleri (haber konusu, haber sayısı, sunum şekli açısından ele alınarak) nitelik ve nicelik olarak içerik çözümlemesi yöntemiyle incelenmiş, ana haber bültenlerinde yayınlanan haberlerin konusu ve sunum şekli ile reyting oranları arasında bağlantı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada Fethiye yöresindeyetiştirilen gökkuşağı alabalıklarının farklı dokularındaki doğal radyonüklit (226Ra, 232Thve 40K) konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla 4 farklıçiftlikten yaklaşık aynı boylarda olan porsiyonluk balıklar alınarak solungaç,karaciğer, deri ve kas dokuları ayrılmıştır. İşletmelerin kullandığıporsiyonluk balık yemleri de örneklenmiştir. Numunelerin yüksek çözünürlüklü germanyumdedektörü ile gama spektrometrik ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve radyolojik riskfaktörleri değerlendirilmiştir. Alabalık örneklerinin yenilebilen kısımlarında 226Raaktivitesinin 1,47±0,14-8,26±0,78 Bq kg-1, 232Th aktivitesininÖSA-3.38±0.30 Bq kg-1ve 40K aktivitesinin 54,94±2,23-140,86±5,82 Bq kg-1aralığında değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Örneklerin radyum eşdeğer aktivitesi veyıllık etkin dozu sırasıyla 6,45-23,94 Bqkg-1 ve 1,87-4,80 µSvy-1 olarakhesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular balık yetiştiriciliği için referans oluşturmasıbakımından önemlidir., In this study, natural radionuclide (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) concentrations were determined in different tissues of rainbowtrout grown in Fethiye region. For this purpose, approximately the same size of portioned fish were taken from four differentfarms and then gill, liver, skin and muscle tissues were separated. Portion fish feeds used by enterprises are also exemplified.Gamma spectrometric measurements were performed with high purity germanium detector and radiological risk factors wereevaluated. It was observed that 226Ra activity in the edible parts of trout samples varied between 1.47±0.14-8.26±0.78 Bq kg-1,232Th activity varied between BDL-3.38±0.30 Bq kg-1and 40K activity in the range of 54.94±2.23-140.86±5.82 Bq kg-1. Theradium equivalent activity and annual effective dose of the samples were calculated as 6.45-23.94 Bq kg-1 and 1.87-4.80 µSvyear-1, respectively. The findings are important in terms of forming a reference for fish farming.

Background Carbapenems are recommended treatment for serious infections caused by AmpC-producing gram-negative bacteria but can select for carbapenem resistance. Piperacillin-tazobactam may be a suitable alternative. Methods We enrolled adult patients with bloodstream infection due to chromosomal AmpC producers in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Patients were assigned 1:1 to receive piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 g every 6 hours or meropenem 1 g every 8 hours. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of death, clinical failure, microbiological failure, and microbiological relapse at 30 days. Results Seventy-two patients underwent randomization and were included in the primary analysis population. Eleven of 38 patients (29%) randomized to piperacillin-tazobactam met the primary outcome compared with 7 of 34 patients (21%) in the meropenem group (risk difference, 8% [95% confidence interval {CI}, –12% to 28%]). Effects were consistent in an analysis of the per-protocol population. Within the subcomponents of the primary outcome, 5 of 38 (13%) experienced microbiological failure in the piperacillin-tazobactam group compared to 0 of 34 patients (0%) in the meropenem group (risk difference, 13% [95% CI, 2% to 24%]). In contrast, 0% vs 9% of microbiological relapses were seen in the piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem arms, respectively. Susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem using broth microdilution was found in 96.5% and 100% of isolates, respectively. The most common AmpC β-lactamase genes identified were blaCMY-2, blaDHA-17, blaCMH-3, and blaACT-17. No ESBL, OXA, or other carbapenemase genes were identified. Conclusions Among patients with bloodstream infection due to AmpC producers, piperacillin-tazobactam may lead to more microbiological failures, although fewer microbiological relapses were seen. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02437045.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. Changes in the treatment of metastatic lung cancer in recent years have made targetable mutations gain importance.In our study, data of patients withEight of 28 patients who received crizotinib treatment hadCrizotinib is an effective treatment option other than cytotoxic chemotherapy in the limited number of patients with

The COVID-19 epidemic has affected the whole world and greatly affected the ongoing life of today's post-modern society. It was inevitable that there would be a change in social interactions in this difficult period when individuals were confined to their homes during the epidemic process. This process that directly affects daily life; It initiated a new world order in the production and consumption habits of individuals, social life, economy, education, trade and international relations. In short, the social interaction most affected by this epidemic, which directly affects every area where human activity is located. In this study, in order to determine to what extent social interactions in Turkey have changed during the epidemic process, a cross-sectional scanning model and a questionnaire covering 610 people at different ages and education levels were applied. Participants stated that they obey compulsory social isolation, physical distance rules, staying at home and generally prohibitions in order to be protected from the epidemic. It was determined that the participants who stated that they avoided interacting face-to-face with their relatives, friends and people around them entered a new era in their social interactions in order to be protected from the epidemic., COVID-19 salgını tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alarak günümüz post-modern toplumunun süregelen yaşamını büyük ölçüde etkilemiştir. Salgın sürecinde bireylerin evlere kapandığı zorlu dönemde toplumsal etkileşimlerde bir değişiklik olması kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Gündelik hayatı doğrudan etkileyen bu süreç; bireylerin üretim ve tüketim alışkanlıklarında, sosyal yaşamlarında, ekonomide, eğitimde, ticarette ve uluslararası ilişkilerde yeni bir dünya düzeni başlatmıştır. Kısacası insan faaliyetinin olduğu her alanı doğrudan etkileyen bu salgından en fazla etkilenen toplumsal etkileşim olmuştur. Bu çalışmada salgın sürecinde Türkiye’deki toplumsal etkileşimlerin ne ölçüde değişikliğe uğradığını tespit edebilmek amacı ile betimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden kesitsel tarama modeli ile farklı yaş ve eğitim düzeylerinde 610 kişiyi kapsayan bir anket uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar salgından korunmak için zorunlu sosyal izolasyona, fiziksel mesafe kurallarına, evde kalmaya ve genel olarak yasaklara uyduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Akrabalarıyla, arkadaşlarıyla ve çevrelerindeki insanlar ile yüz yüze etkileşime geçmekten kaçındıklarını ifade eden katılımcıların, salgından korunmak adına toplumsal etkileşimlerinde yeni bir döneme girdikleri tespit edilmiştir.

Introduction This study aims to assess the association of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and beta-lactam resistance genes with mortality in the MERINO trial. Methods Blood culture isolates from enrolled patients were tested by broth microdilution and whole genome sequencing at a central laboratory. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to account for confounders. Absolute risk increase for 30-day mortality between treatment groups was calculated for the primary analysis (PA) and the microbiologic assessable (MA) populations. Results In total, 320 isolates from 379 enrolled patients were available with susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam 94% and meropenem 100%. The piperacillin/tazobactam nonsusceptible breakpoint (MIC >16 mg/L) best predicted 30-day mortality after accounting for confounders (odds ratio 14.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8–87.2). The absolute risk increase for 30-day mortality for patients treated with piperacillin/tazobactam compared with meropenem was 9% (95% CI 3%–15%) and 8% (95% CI 2%–15%) for the original PA population and the post hoc MA populations, which reduced to 5% (95% CI −1% to 10%) after excluding strains with piperacillin/tazobactam MIC values >16 mg/L. Isolates coharboring extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and OXA-1 genes were associated with elevated piperacillin/tazobactam MICs and the highest risk increase in 30-day mortality of 14% (95% CI 2%–28%). Conclusions After excluding nonsusceptible strains, the 30-day mortality difference from the MERINO trial was less pronounced for piperacillin/tazobactam. Poor reliability in susceptibility testing performance for piperacillin/tazobactam and the high prevalence of OXA coharboring ESBLs suggests that meropenem remains the preferred choice for definitive treatment of ceftriaxone nonsusceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella.

Mastitis is a generalized cellulitis condition of breast tissue usually seen in female patients between 18-50 years of age. Granulomatous mastitis (GM), which is one of the rare types, is usually an idiopathic disease and can be caused by infectious microorganisms. In this report, a 35-year-old female patient diagnosed as having GM infected with Corynebacterium amycolatum was reported and the relevant literature was reviewed. The patient was treated with a combination of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and clindamycin and no recurrence was observed at 10 months follow-up. Mastit, genellikle 18-50 yaşlarındaki kadın hastalarda görülen meme dokusunun yaygın selülit durumudur. Nadir tiplerinden biri olan granülomatöz mastit (GM) ise genellikle idiyopatik bir hastalık olup, enfeksiyöz nedenlerle de oluşabilir. Bu olgu raporunda Corynebacterium amycolatum ile enfekte GM tanısı almış 35 yaşında kadın hasta bildirilmiş ve ilgili literatür bilgileri gözden geçirilmiştir. Hasta amoksisilin/klavulanik asit ve klindamisin kombinasyonu ile tedavi edilmiş, hastanın 10 aylık takibinde nüks saptanmamıştır.

We present the discovery of a highly irradiated and moderately inflated ultra-hot Jupiter, TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b (HD 201033b), first detected by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission (TESS) and the Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA). The signal was established to be of planetary origin through radial velocity measurements obtained using SONG, SOPHIE, FIES, NRES, and EXPRES, which show a reflex motion of $K=294.1\pm1.1$ m s$^{-1}$. A joint analysis of the TESS and ground-based photometry and radial velocity measurements reveals that TOI-1431b has a mass of $M_{p}=3.12\pm0.18$ $\rm{M_J}$ ($990\pm60$ M$_{\oplus}$), an inflated radius of $R_{p}=1.49\pm0.05$ $\rm{R_J}$ ($16.7\pm0.6$ R$_{\oplus}$), and an orbital period of $P=2.650237\pm0.000003$ d. Analysis of the spectral energy distribution of the host star reveals that the planet orbits a bright ($\mathrm{V}=8.049$ mag) and young ($0.29^{+0.32}_{-0.19}$ Gyr) Am type star with $T_{\rm eff}=7690^{+400}_{-250}$ $\rm{K}$, resulting in a highly irradiated planet with an incident flux of $\langle F \rangle=7.24^{+0.68}_{-0.64}\times$10$^9$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ ($5300^{+500}_{-470}\mathrm{S_{\oplus}}$) and an equilibrium temperature of $T_{eq}=2370\pm70$ K. TESS photometry also reveals a secondary eclipse with a depth of $127^{+4}_{-5}$ppm as well as the full phase curve of the planet's thermal emission in the red-optical. This has allowed us to measure the dayside and nightside temperature of its atmosphere as $T_\mathrm{day}=3004\pm64$ K and $T_\mathrm{night}=2583\pm63$ K, the second hottest measured nightside temperature. The planet's low day/night temperature contrast ($\sim$420 K) suggests very efficient heat transport between the dayside and nightside hemispheres., Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. 39 pages, 18 figures, and 4 tables

Covid-19 virüsü bütün dünyada eşi benzeri görülmemiş bir kaosa sebep olmuş, başta gündelik hayat ve sosyal yaşam olmak üzere üretimi, tüketimi, ticareti, eğitimi, örgütleri, uluslararası ilişkileri, kamusal yapıyı derinden etkileyerek bir anda dünyanın adeta gidişatını değiştirmiştir. Öyle ki, tıp dünyasında Covid-19 olarak adlandırılan bu salgının, son 50 yılın en büyük sosyal ve ekonomik krizine neden olduğu belirtilmektedir. Henüz tam ve onaylanmış spesifik bir tedavisi ve aşısı olmayan bu hastalığın oluşturduğu endişe ve panik bir yana, bireylerde ve toplumlarda uzun vadede farklı konularda bırakacağı kalıcı tesirlerin boyutu giderek daha fazla ön plâna çıkmaktadır. Bu salgının dünya genelinde, toplumlarda, yakın gelecekte iktisadi, sosyal ve kültürel açıdan önemli değişikliklere sebep olabileceği, toplumsal ilişkileri farklı boyuta taşıyabileceği değerlendirilmektedir.Türkiye’de de salgının yayılmasını durdurmak ve olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirmek adına birçok alanda kısıtlayıcı uygulamalar ve çeşitli tedbirler hayata geçirilmiştir. Bunlardan bazıları kriz dönemiyle sınırlı kalacak olsa da bir kısmının alışkanlığa dönüşeceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 salgınının Türkiye’de sosyal yaşam ve Türk kültürü üzerine olası etkilerini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktır. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler, Türkiye genelinde farklı yaş gruplarında 516 kişiye anket uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen temel bulguya göre, katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu salgın sürecinde uymak zorunda kaldıkları pek çok (tedbir ve) uygulamaya bundan sonraki yaşamlarında da devam edeceklerini belirtmişlerdir.

WOS:000570786000006 PMID: 33094066 Introduction Treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma disease have been improved in recent years. However, there is still no optimal treatment sequence or combination for metastatic disease. We aimed to investigate whether patients differed in terms of disease outcomes regarding pre-nivolumab tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Material and methods The analysis of patients was performed after all cohorts were sub-grouped into two groups according to pre-nivolumab TKIs as following the sunitinib arm and the pazopanib arm. Result A total of 75 patients were included in this study. The median follow-up time was eight months for all cohorts. The objective response rate was statistically significantly higher in the pazopanib arm as compared to the sunitinib arm (56% vs 30%, p=0.02). Progression-free survival was significantly higher in pazopanib than sunitinib (10.3 months vs 5.3 months, p=0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed that pazopanib treatment was associated with better progression-free survival (HR: 0.44, 95 CI; 0.22-0.91, p=0.02). While the median overall survival for patients who had received sunitinib was 11.0 months, it has not been reached the median in the pazopanib arm (11.0 months vs NR, p=0.051). Discussion We demonstrated significantly better progression-free survival and a higher objective response rate with nivolumab treatment in patients who had received pazopanib as compared with patients who received sunitinib in the pre-nivolumab period.