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While it is nationally recognized that there is a high need for teachers, particularly those of diverse backgrounds and with ESL/bilingual certifications, barriers to certification continue to exist for undocumented individuals. Within the state of New Jersey, these barriers mirror the national limitations. Although New Jersey has made efforts to address citizenship and reform policies, some barriers persist, hindering these candidates from making a positive impact on students' lives through a teaching career. This policy piece aims to shed light on the barriers to teacher certification faced by undocumented individuals and outlines measures taken by the Rutgers University-Newark (RU-N) Department of Urban Education to address these challenges.

We compute the standard Euclidean window of the hadronic vacuum polarization using multiple independent blinded analyses. We improve the continuum and infinite-volume extrapolations of the dominant quark-connected light-quark isospin-symmetric contribution and address additional subleading systematic effects from sea-charm quarks and residual chiral-symmetry breaking from first principles. We find aμW=235.56(65)(50)×10-10, which is in 3.8σ tension with the recently published dispersive result of aμW=229.4(1.4)×10-10 [G. Colangelo, A. X. El-Khadra, M. Hoferichter, A. Keshavarzi, C. Lehner, P. Stoffer, and T. Teubner, Phys. Lett. B 833, 137313 (2022)PYLBAJ0370-269310.1016/j.physletb.2022.137313] and in agreement with other recent lattice determinations. We also provide a result for the standard short-distance window. The results reported here are unchanged compared to our presentation at the Edinburgh workshop of the g-2 Theory Initiative in 2022 [C. Lehner, Talk Presented at the 5th Plenary Meeting of the g-2 Theory Initiative in Edinburgh (2022)].

C8H15NO4S, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.0215 (3) Å, b = 7.0392 (5) Å, c = 28.0593 (19) Å, V = 991.82 (11) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0462, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0899, T = 100 K.

Adopting corequisite mathematics models to accelerate students' completion of their introductory college-level mathematics course in their first year of college is prevalent across higher education institutions. This systematic review demonstrates the known research, evidence, and diversity of implemented corequisite mathematics models for prevailing themes across peer-reviewed articles.

This article explores the development of teaching identity among Teach for America (TFA) corps members through the use of storied experience. Grounded in a conceptual framework of intersectional identities, specifically Gee's notions of "institution-identity" and "affinity-identity," we consider the storied experiences of two former classroom teachers (referred to as teacher leavers) who entered the profession through the TFA alternative certification pathway. Although both teacher leavers followed the TFA pathway into the classroom and ultimately left teaching, they constructed their identities in unique and at times opposing ways, with consequences for their ultimate career pathways. We consider issues of resistance and return in examining the implications of TFA's identity model on the teachers themselves and the larger teaching profession.

Phase shifts for s-wave ππ scattering in both the I=0 and I=2 channels are determined from a lattice QCD calculation performed on 741 gauge configurations obeying G-parity boundary conditions with a physical pion mass and lattice size of 323×64. These results support our recent 2021 study of direct CP violation in K→ππ decay, improving our earlier 2015 calculation. The phase shifts are determined for both stationary and moving ππ systems, at three (I=0) and four (I=2) different total momenta. We implement several ππ interpolating operators including a scalar bilinear "σ"operator and paired single-pion bilinear operators with the constituent pions carrying various relative momenta. Several techniques, including correlated fitting and a bootstrap determination of p-values have been used to refine the results and a comparison with the generalized eigenvalue problem method is given. A detailed systematic error analysis is performed which allows phase shift results to be presented at a fixed energy.

The title compound {systematic name: (2S)-2-azaniumyl-3-[(2-carboxyethane)sulfonyl]propanoate}, C6H11NO6S, forms enantiopure crystals in the monoclinic space group P21 and exists as a zwitterion, with a protonated α-amino group and a deprotonated α-carboxyl group. Both the carboxyl groups and the amino group are involved in an extensive multicentered intermolecular hydrogen-bonding scheme. In the crystal, the diperiodic network of hydrogen bonds propagates parallel to (101) and involves interconnected heterodromic R43(10) rings. Electrostatic forces are major contributors to the structure energy, which was estimated by DFT calculations as Etotal = −333.5 kJ mol−1.

Background: Children and youth benefit from outdoor play; however, environments and policies to support outdoor play are often limited. The purpose of this paper is to describe a case study of the development of a municipal outdoor play policy in Nova Scotia, Canada. The outdoor play policy was developed by the Town of Truro with support from the UpLift Partnership, a School-Community-University Partnership in Nova Scotia, Canada. UpLift supports the health and well-being of school-aged children and youth using a Health Promoting Schools approach which identifies the important role of municipal government in creating healthy school communities. The UpLift Partnership and the municipality hosted online workshops for municipal staff, community leaders and partners that included content about the importance of outdoor play, barriers and facilitators to outdoor play, best practices for youth engagement, the policy development process, and how policy actions can support outdoor play. Workshop participants developed policy actions for their community of Truro, Nova Scotia to increase opportunities for outdoor play for children and youth. Following the workshops, a small team from the municipality and UpLift drafted an outdoor play policy and submitted it to Truro town council for approval. The outdoor play policy was adopted in Fall 2021 and has since informed recreation and municipal planning decisions. By presenting a case study of the development of this outdoor play policy, we hope other communities may be inspired to develop and adopt their own outdoor play policies to benefit children and youth in their communities.

From directly observed therapy studies, urine tenofovir (TFV) levels were 74% lower when taking tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) vs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Urine TFV remains quantifiable across a range of TAF adherence patterns, but a separate point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay with a lower TFV threshold will be needed to support TAF adherence monitoring.

Background/Objectives: The influence of post-exercise cooling on recovery has gained much attention in the empirical literature, however, data is limited in regards to optimizing recovery from taekwondo performance when combat is repeated in quick succession within the same day. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the effects of external and internal cooling after simulated taekwondo combat upon intestinal temperature (Tint), psychomotor skills (reaction time, response time, movement time), and neuromuscular function (peak torque, average power, time to reach peak torque). Methods: Using a randomized counterbalanced crossover design, 10 well-trained male taekwondo athletes completed four recovery methods on separate occasions: passive recovery (CON), a 5-minute thermoneutral water immersion (35°C) (TWI), a 5-min cold water immersion (15°C) (CWI), and ice slurry ingestion (-1°C) (ICE; consumed every 5 min for 30 min). Heart rate (HR), blood lactate (Blac) concentrations, and Tint were determined at rest, immediately after combat, and at selected intervals during a 90-min recovery period. Neuromuscular functional (measured with isokinetic dynamometer) and psychomotor indices were assessed at baseline and after the recovery period. Results: ICE led to a significantly lower Tint at 30 min (P0.05). Psychomotor skills and neuromuscular function indices returned to baseline values after the 90 min recovery period (P>0.05) with no differences observed between conditions (P>0.05). Conclusion: The present findings suggest that internal (ICE) and external (CWI) recovery methods appear to have little impact on physiological and functional indices over the time course required to influence repeated taekwondo combat performance.

This multimethod study investigates differences in question complexity and type between live chat, email, and texting by comparing findings from user interviews and virtual reference transcripts, with the goal of better understanding how different delivery methods can meet user needs in the context of an academic library. Findings reveal dissonance between perceptions and use of chat and email. Interviews suggest users consider chat to be for basic queries whereas transcripts coded using the READ Scale, a well-known reference assessment tool, show question complexity to be highest in chat. Our analysis also found statistically significant differences in the presence of reference interviews and instruction for chat, email, and texting. Rebranding chat more explicitly for intermediate and advanced queries may succeed in attracting users who consider chat only for basic queries, thus narrowing the gap between user perceptions and actual use.

PreK-12 curriculums change and evolve [...]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to frequent, persistent, and, often, polymicrobial respiratory tract infections for individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Chronic CF infections lead to bronchiectasis and a shortened lifespan. P. aeruginosa expresses numerous adhesins, including lectins known to bind the epithelial cell and mucin glycoconjugates. Blocking carbohydrate-mediated host–pathogen and intra-biofilm interactions critical to the initiation and perpetuation of colonization offer promise as anti-infective treatment strategies. To inform anti-adhesion therapies, we profiled the monosaccharide binding of P. aeruginosa from CF and non-CF sources, and assessed whether specific bacterial phenotypic characteristics affected carbohydrate-binding patterns. Focusing at the cellular level, microscopic and spectrofluorometric tools permitted the solution-phase analysis of P. aeruginosa binding to a panel of fluorescent glycopolymers possessing distinct pendant monosaccharides. All P. aeruginosa demonstrated significant binding to glycopolymers specific for α-D-galactose, β-D-N-acetylgalactosamine, and β-D-galactose-3-sulfate. In each culture, a small subpopulation accounted for the binding. The carbohydrate anomeric configuration and sulfate ester presence markedly influenced binding. While this opportunistic pathogen from CF hosts presented with various colony morphologies and physiological activities, no phenotypic, physiological, or structural feature predicted enhanced or diminished monosaccharide binding. Important to anti-adhesive therapeutic strategies, these findings suggest that, regardless of phenotype or clinical source, P. aeruginosa maintain a small subpopulation that may readily associate with specific configurations of specific monosaccharides. This report provides insights into whole-cell P. aeruginosa carbohydrate-binding profiles and into the context within which successful anti-adhesive and/or anti-virulence anti-infective agents for CF must contend.

CH8N2O3S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.7583 (16) Å, b = 5.4033 (9) Å, c = 10.4729 (17) Å, β = 110.483 (4)°, V = 517.29 (15) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0225, wRref(F2) = 0.0649, T = 150 K.

BackgroundResidual systemic inflammation, which is associated with non-AIDS clinical outcomes, may persist despite viral suppression. We assessed the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence interruptions on systemic inflammation among Ugandans living with HIV who were virally suppressed.SettingWe evaluated adults initiating first-line ART at a regional referral hospital clinic in Mbarara, Uganda.MethodsPlasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer, soluble sCD14, sCD163, the kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) ratio, and CD8 T-cell activation (HLA-DR/CD38 coexpression) were measured at baseline and 6 months after ART initiation among participants who achieved viral suppression (

Background: Ankle arthrodesis, a recognized operative treatment for advanced-stage ankle osteoarthritis (OA), is recommended when conservative treatment proves unsuccessful. This single-center retrospective analysis examined the change in functional outcomes and the type of sport/exercise activity performed by advanced-stage ankle OA patients after ankle arthrodesis treatment. Methods: A total of 61 advanced-stage ankle OA patients (age, 63.1 ± 12.6 years) who had undergone ankle arthrodesis were included in this single-center retrospective study. The patients had functional outcomes evaluated via American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Score (AOFAS), Foot Function Index (FFI), Tegner Activity Level Scale (TAS), and High-Activity Arthroplasty Score (HAAS) questionnaires. Clinical status was compared across prearthritic, arthritic, and postarthrodesis periods, and satisfaction with return to sport/exercise activity was recorded. Results: Patients’ tarsal sagittal ROM (mean [95% CI]: 22.7 degrees [21.4-24.0]); time to union (15.7 weeks [11.8-19.6]); time to walk without gait aid (14.4 weeks [11.0-17.7]); time to return to work (17.9 weeks [15.1-20.8]); and time to exercise activity (20.6 weeks [17.9-23.4]) were recorded postarthrodesis. Hindfoot alignment angle toward a neutral position (difference: 11.4 degrees [9.2-13.6], P .99). Patients generally reported “good” satisfaction with their recovery from ankle arthrodesis surgery, with 64% of patients returning to high-impact-type activity. Conclusion: Advanced-stage ankle OA patients had improved functional outcomes at ~1 year postarthrodesis surgery, enabling the majority of patients to return to high-impact-type activity. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Oxidative C–H bond activated palladium-catalyzed aromatic cross-coupling reactions offer advantages of fewer required synthetic steps but disadvantages of loss of inherent regioselectivity and selectivity. In one proposed catalytic cycle, each arene adds to a palladium carboxylate catalyst according to a concerted metalation deprotonation mechanism, followed by reductive elimination to couple the arenes and the replenishment of the catalyst by an oxidant. Using this proposed mechanism, molecular structures and free energy profiles were calculated for coupling of benzene with a range of heteroarenes containing various substituents and with several Pd-carboxylate catalysts. Reaction kinetics were analysed using the energetic span model, predicting turnover frequencies (TOFs) of heterocoupling (HB and BH) and homocoupling (HH and BB) pathways and assessing degrees of turnover frequency control (XTOFs). More electron-withdrawing carboxylate ligands and more electron-donating heteroarene substituents decrease activation and reaction free energies of addition steps, with C-2 more favourable than C-3. When heteroarene and catalyst choice are particularly favourable, the first association can become exergonic, causing a significant change in catalytic kinetics. When not exergonic, free energy for addition of benzene is almost always higher, leading to large energetic spans and slower TOFs (BB < HB < BH < HH). Non-exergonic pathways are also faster with more electron-withdrawing ligands and more electron-donating heteroarene substituents because of lower energy addition steps and a smaller energetic span. For exergonic associations, the low-energy arene–catalyst intermediate creates a larger energetic span, slowing down the HH and HB pathways. More electron-withdrawing ligands and more electron-donating substituents increase the relative TOF for BH, and the reaction requires only small excesses of benzene to induce heterocoupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Non-adherence to splint wearing following an upper limb traumatic injury is a significant medical issue. Optimal outcome following such injuries relies on people adhering to the prescribed splint, and a failure to do so can negatively impact outcome and increase healthcare burden and costs. This systematic review aims to compare and synthesise the evidence related to measuring adherence to wear recommendations and the barriers to splint wearing following upper limb trauma in adults. Methods: Databases (EBSCO, PubMed, EMBASE and Science Direct) were systematically searched for articles that met the pre-agreed eligibility criteria between February and May 2023. Data on study characteristics and reported outcomes relating to measuring and quantifying splint adherence and barriers to adherence were extracted. Results: A total of 16 articles were included for final review. Several methods were used to measure adherence, with no single tool used predominantly. These included patient or therapist reported data, preexisting classification systems and an electronic device. Methods used to quantify adherence was also heterogenous in nature, and a range of investigator and patient reported barriers to splint wearing were reported. Conclusion: This review demonstrates heterogeneity in both classifying and measuring splint adherence, as well as in the barriers to splint wearing reported. Moving forward, using agreed measurement and reporting practices for splint adherence will enable researchers to complete high quality trials to determine splinting outcomes, and may ultimately enable health care professionals to improve adherence and, subsequently, outcomes in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vernacular language videos with narration in non-English languages have been used in North American academic libraries to engage and empower international and non-native English-speaking students. This study investigated the effectiveness of McGill University Library's orientation videos from the perspective of these students, using mixed methods to outline student learning, affective responses, and views on audiovisual features used in the video. Compared to the English video, vernacular language videos are equally effective in delivering content and more adept at invoking student enthusiasm about the library. These students' perceptions on video design and audiovisual features are useful for librarians who use videos to engage a linguistically diverse campus.

Abstract Background Missing data prove troublesome in data analysis; at best they reduce a study’s statistical power and at worst they induce bias in parameter estimates. Multiple imputation via chained equations is a popular technique for dealing with missing data. However, techniques for combining and pooling results from fitted generalized additive models (GAMs) after multiple imputation have not been well explored. Methods We simulated missing data under MCAR, MAR, and MNAR frameworks and utilized random forest and predictive mean matching imputation to investigate a variety of rules for combining GAMs after multiple imputation with binary and normally distributed outcomes. We compared multiple pooling procedures including the “D2” method, the Cauchy combination test, and the median p-value (MPV) rule. The MPV rule involves simply computing and reporting the median p-value across all imputations. Other ad hoc methods such as a mean p-value rule and a single imputation method are investigated. The viability of these methods in pooling results from B-splines is also examined for normal outcomes. An application of these various pooling techniques is then performed on two case studies, one which examines the effect of elevation on a six-minute walk distance (a normal outcome) for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, and the other which examines risk factors for intubation in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (a dichotomous outcome). Results In comparison to the results from generalized additive models fit on full datasets, the median p-value rule performs as well as if not better than the other methods examined. In situations where the alternative hypothesis is true, the Cauchy combination test appears overpowered and alternative methods appear underpowered, while the median p-value rule yields results similar to those from analyses of complete data. Conclusions For pooling results after fitting GAMs to multiply imputed datasets, the median p-value is a simple yet useful approach which balances both power to detect important associations and control of Type I errors.

BackgroundKnowledge on physical activity recovery after COVID-19 survival is limited. The AFTER (App-Facilitated Tele-Rehabilitation) program for COVID-19 survivors randomized participants, following hospital discharge, to either education and unstructured physical activity or a telerehabilitation program. Step count data were collected as a secondary outcome, and we found no significant differences in total step count trajectories between groups at 6 weeks. Further step count data were not analyzed. ObjectiveThe purpose of this analysis was to examine step count trajectories and correlates among all participants (combined into a single group) across the 12-week study period. MethodsLinear mixed models with random effects were used to model daily steps over the number of study days. Models with 0, 1, and 2 inflection points were considered, and the final model was selected based on the highest log-likelihood value. ResultsParticipants included 44 adults (41 with available Fitbit [Fitbit LLC] data). Initially, step counts increased by an average of 930 (95% CI 547-1312; P

BackgroundResidual systemic inflammation persists despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is associated with non-AIDS clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between ART adherence and inflammation in Ugandans living with HIV who were predominantly receiving nevirapine-based ART with a thymidine analog backbone and were virologically suppressed by conventional assays.MethodsPlasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer, soluble (s)CD14, sCD163, and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, in addition to CD8 T-cell activation, were measured at baseline and 6 months after ART initiation in treatment-naive adults who achieved an undetectable plasma HIV RNA (

BackgroundConcentrations of tenofovir (TFV) in hair and tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBSs) as measures of cumulative exposure have been primarily studied in younger, HIV-uninfected individuals taking preexposure HIV prophylaxis. Data on these measures among older HIV-infected individuals are limited.MethodsWe evaluated longitudinal TFV and TFV-DP concentrations in hair and DBS, respectively, from HIV-infected adults. Multivariable model variables included age group (18-35 and 60 years and older), creatinine clearance (CrCl), hematocrit (TFV-DP), and gray hair color (TFV).ResultsBaseline hair TFV and DBS TFV-DP were moderately correlated [r = 0.5 (0.2 to 0.7); P = 0.001] across both age groups [younger (N = 23) and older (N = 22)]. In adjusted models, CrCl was associated with increases of 15.9% (7.4% to 25.0%); P = 0.0006, and 5.7% (-0.2% to 11.9%); P = 0.057 for TFV in hair and TFV-DP in DBS, respectively, for every 20-mL/min CrCl decrease. Although older age (versus younger age) was univariately associated with increased TFV hair levels, older age was not significantly associated with higher concentrations in hair [-1.4% (-26.7% to 32.7%); P = 0.93] or DBS [4.0% (-14.1% to 25.9%); P = 0.68] after adjustment. Similarly, gray color was not significantly associated with higher TFV levels in hair [27.6% (-11.1% to 83.0%; P = 0.18)] in adjusted models. In both adjusted and unadjusted models of TFV-DP levels in DBS, a 1% hematocrit increase was associated with a 3.3% (0.2% to 6.5%) TFV-DP increase (P = 0.04).ConclusionsCumulative drug exposure measures (hair and DBS) were comparable in younger and older HIV-infected individuals on TFV-based therapy after adjustment for renal function.