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In response to the global trend of carbon reduction over the last few years, various industries, including the aviation and automobile industries, have gradually begun research, design, and production of carbon fiber composite materials. These have excellent mechanical properties, such as being lightweight, high strength, and of high rigidity, which provide weight reduction and energy savings in applications across many fields. When used as a load-beam structure, the weave pattern determines the primary mechanical properties of the composite material. Therefore, the production of diverse products and components can be carried out using different patterns of weaving and manufacturing according to an application’s requirements. The mechanical properties of woven fiber composites can be obtained by using simulation analysis software, which can reduce unnecessary waste during design and manufacturing. However, difficulties arise in the simulation analysis due to the complexity of the weaving method. With the continuous improvement of computer technology in recent years and the enormous amount of training data available, many research teams have begun to implement artificial intelligence (AI) technology, which has been widely used to overcome long-standing obstacles in many different fields. For example, the problems involved in the prediction of protein folding sequences and the prediction of the physics of structural materials have all been resolved by AI. We implement a convolutional neural network (CNN), a deep learning method, to establish a model that utilizes a representative volume element for the prediction of the mechanical properties of a woven fiber composite material. The predictive model significantly streamlines the computational complexity involved in analyzing woven composite materials, resulting in a substantial reduction in processing time compared to conventional methods. Unlike traditional finite element simulations, which necessitate intricate boundary conditions and interactions on a case-by-case basis, our research simplifies these complex procedures and accommodates a wide range of scenarios. This research offers substantial advantages for industrial manufacturing, particularly in the design and mass production of woven fiber composite materials.

The present paper concentrates on the investigations regarding the situations of frictional shear stress of gear teeth and the relevant frictional effects on bending stresses and transmission error in gearmeshing. Sliding friction is one of themajor reasons causing gear failure and vibration; the adequate consideration of frictional effects is essential for understanding gear contact behavior accurately. An analysis of tooth frictional effect on gear performance in spur gear is presented using finite element method. Nonlinear finite elementmodel for gear tooth contact with rolling/sliding is then developed. The contact zones formultiple tooth pairs are identified and the associated integration situation is derived. The illustrated bending stress and transmission error results with static and dynamic boundary conditions indicate the significant effects due to the sliding friction between the surfaces of contacted gear teeth, and the friction effect can not be ignored. To understand the particular static and dynamic frictional effects on gear tooth contact analysis, some significant phenomena of gained results will also be discussed. The potentially significant contribution of tooth frictional shear stress is presented, particularly in the case of gear tooth contact analysis with both static and dynamic boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination of computational models and theoretical methods have been developed and used to study the contact of hip resurfacing devices under normal/central and edge loading conditions. The techniques have been developed and the solutions are based on using the finite element method. It has been found that the study of hip joint modelling, numerical methodologies of mechanical wear simulations and shakedown analysis can be developed to study the contact mechanics and biotribology of hip resurfacing devices under central and edge loading conditions. Each method developed in this study provides a unique platform to study these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stripe wear occurs when the components of hip prostheses move a sufficient distance laterally to contact the edge of the acetabular cup, causing abnormally high contact stresses. In this research, edge loading contact of prosthetic hip is analyzed in the most commonly used material pairs. The contact dimensions and maximal contact pressure are investigated in mutative normal edge loading with 3 different inclination angles (15°, 20°, 25°) and in alterable edge torus radius with edge loading of 2500 N and inclination of 20°. A computational case was conducted for a 14 mm radius alumina ceramic bearing with a radial clearance of 0.1 mm using a normal edge loading ranged from 0 N to 3000 N. Additionally, the Hertzian theory successfully captures principal curvature trends of the edge torus on the influence of maximal contact pressure and obtains the appropriate edge radius range for lower maximal contact pressure. This work elucidates the methods of applying classical contact theory to design the edge radius of hip bearings to better resist severe edge loading contact stresses and reduce the stripe wear.

The development of computational and numerical methods provides the option to study the contact mechanics and wear of hip resurfacing devices. The importance of these techniques is justified by the extensive amount of testing and experimental work required to verify and improve current orthopaedic implant devices. As the demands for device longevity is increasing, it is as important as ever to study techniques for providing much needed orthopaedic hip implant solutions. Through the use of advanced computer aided design and the finite element method, contact analysis of hip resurfacing devices was carried out by developing both three-dimensional and two-dimensional axisymmetric models whilst considering the effects of loading conditions and material properties on the contact stresses. Following on from this, the three-dimensional model was used in combination with a unique programme to develop wear simulations and obtain cumulative wear for both the acetabular cup and femoral head simultaneously.