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The nanofine spatial dissipative structures (NSDS) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The NSDS obtained by thermogradiently processing an amorphous selenium film by unilateral heating of its lower surface at T = 413 K preliminarily. The results indicate that the NSDS of hexagonal selenium obtained in an amorphous film possess an azimuthal curvature of the lattice and a nonlinear fan-shaped system of flexural contours on their electron microscopic image. The lattice of the above NSDS undergoes elastic - plastic rotational curvature around three mutually perpendicular directions. The lattice rotation angles of hexagonal selenium NSDS reach: around [001], - 25 , around the direction perpendicular [001] and lying in the plane of the amorphous film - 32 , around the direction perpendicular to the first two ones and not lying in the plane of the amorphous film - azimuthal curvature of the lattice, - 35 . Thus, as a result of electron-microscopic and microdiffraction studies, it was found that NSDS of hexagonal selenium with azimuthal curvature of the lattice, causing the curvature of its habitus, are in a nonequilibrium state. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Nanofine rhomboid spatial dissipative structures (NRSDS) of hexagonal selenium were found and studied by means of transmission electron microscopy in amorphous Se films coated with nanofine layers of amorphous carbon, at a temperature of their thermo gradient treatment of 423 K. As a result, pictures were received of fan-shaped linear bending extinction contours on the electron-microscopic images of NRSDS. It was shown that in the above NRSDS take place continuous linear increase in the bend radius of the lattice along [001], due to continuous linear relaxation of the inhomogeneous elastic torsion of the lattice around [001]. The continuous linear relaxation of the elastic rotational curvature of the lattice around [001] in NRSDS of hexagonal selenium with inhomogeneous elastic rotational curvature of the lattice covers the entire nanofine rhomboid spatial dissipative structures, and not its part, as is the case with the formation of interblock boundaries in the nanofine rhomboid spatial dissipative structures. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Two-dimensional geometric object "neutral surface"- successfully used to study thin plates. The use of this two-dimensional geometric object is not possible for the study of physical properties and physical processes in nano-thin SDS (spatial dissipative structures). The SDS lattice undergoes a rotational curvature around three mutually perpendicular directions, and the nano-thin SDS itself remains flat. We have developed a method for the study of nano-thin SDS with rotary lattice curvature. We used as a basis the method of visualizing the rotational curvature of the lattice by constructing a two-dimensional geometric object - the surface of the lattice curvature by nano-thin SDS. This method of investigation involves application of the lattice curvature surface with nano-thin SDS for the selected crystallographic direction as a "neutral surface". The method will find application in nanotechnology. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

In 1945, E. Schrödinger predicted the possibility of the existence of "aperiodic crystals,"that is, more and more increasing crystalline aggregates, but without a simple lattice repetition mechanism. In the present work, such structures are experimentally prepared using selenium as an example. By thermal gradient treatment of the amorphous selenium film, we have obtained nano-thin spatial dissipative structures (SDS) of hexagonal selenium, the lattice of which undergoes non-uniform rotational curvature around, in the general case, three mutually perpendicular directions. The formation of these nano-thin SDS of hexagonal selenium occurs as a result of cooperative rotations of selenium macromolecules around, in general, three mutually perpendicular directions. Since nano-thin SDS after hardening in air have all the features of crystals each of the above nano-thin SDS of hexagonal selenium obtained at different annealing temperatures corresponds to the concept of "aperiodic crystals"Thus, "aperiodic crystals"were obtained experimentally, the possibility of the existence of which was predicted by E. Schrödinger. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

BaCeO3‑based materials represent a well-known family of proton-conducting electrolytes, which can be used in different solid oxide electrochemical devices. An effective operation of the latter across an intermediate-temperature range requires improved transport of PCEs, including their grain (G) and grain boundary (GB) components. In the present work, some 3d-elements in a small amount were used as sintering additives to verify the possibility of improving the GB conductivity of BaCe0.9Gd0.1O3–δ. It is shown that copper oxide (CuO) can be considered as one of the most effective sintering agents, since its use enables decreasing the GB density of the BCG ceramic material at the reduced sintering temperatures. The obtained results form a new tactic for designing new protonic electrolytes, whose conductivity might be prevail over ones containing Ni-based modifiers.

Методом хроноамперометрии изучено зарождение кремния на стеклоуглеродной подложке в расплаве KF-KCl-K2SiF6 при температуре 675 ºС. Выявлено прогрессивное фазозарождение кремния. Из SEM-микрофотографий зародышей кремния, выращенных на стеклоуглеродной подложке в потенциостатическом режиме в интервале потенциалов от –0.005 до –0.03 В в расплаве KF-KCl-K2SiF6 при Т = 675 ºС, видно, что в условиях одного эксперимента они имеют размеры, различающиеся в несколько раз, что подтверждает прогрессирующий характер возникновения зародышей кремния. Показано, что когда к рабочему электроду при прочих равных условиях прикладывается более отрицательное значение потенциала относительно кремниевого электрода сравнения, то количество сформировавшихся зародышей на поверхности электрода растет., Silicon nucleation process was invesigated in melt KF-KCl-K2SiF6 on glassy carbon substrates at 675 ºС by chronoamperometric method. Using data of the chronoamperograms the linear dependence I – τ3/2 was constructed. That fact testified the progressive nucleation mode of silicon. As seem from SEM micrographs silicon crystals obtained by a single pulse had different sizes, that also confirmed the progressive nucletion mode.

The corrosion-electrochemical behavior of a nickel electrode is studied in the melt of lithium, sodium, and potassium (40: 30: 30 mol %) carbonates in the temperature range 500-600°C under an oxidizing atmosphere CO2 + 0.5O2 (2: 1), which is partly replaced by gaseous chlorine (30, 50, 70%) in some experiments. In other experiments, up to 5 wt % chloride of sodium peroxide is introduced in a salt melt. A change in the gas-phase composition is shown to affect the mechanism of nickel corrosion. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.