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Background It was difficult to compare the outcome of partial nephrectomy among different studies due to the absence of standardized description of different renal masses. This problem led to the development of nephrometry scoring systems. R.E.N.A.L. is among the commonest nephrometry scoring systems; however, some studies failed to find any relation between R.E.N.A.L. with perioperative outcome. We evaluated our designed newly modified nephrometry score in prediction of outcome following partial nephrectomy and compared its predictability versus original R.E.N.A.L. Methods Fifty-one patients with cT1-2N0M0 renal masses amenable for partial nephrectomy were included prospectively. Different perioperative outcome variables were compared according to complexity level in R.E.N.A.L. and the newly modified nephrometry score. Results Clinical staging was T1a (21.6%), T1b (49%), T2a (25.5%), T2b (3.9%). Median R.E.N.A.L. was 9 (4–12). Hilar position and intrarenal pelvis were detected in 19.6% and 68.6%. Low, moderate and high complexity masses were found in 21.6%, 39.2% and 39.2%. Complications and rate of conversion to radical nephrectomy were 17 (33.3%) and 4 (7.8%). The only significantly affected variable (p = 0.039) by R.E.N.A.L. was rate of secondary intervention, but it was higher in low than in high complexity level. In the newly modified nephrometry score, complications (p = 0.037) and rate of positive surgical margin (p = 0.049) were significantly higher with increased complexity level. Although other variables (pelvi-calyceal system entry, operative time, blood loss, hemoglobin loss, blood transfusion and conversion to radical nephrectomy) did not show statistically significant difference according to both scores, they were better associated with the complexity level in the newly modified nephrometry score with their remarkable increase in the high when compared to the low complexity level. Conclusions The newly modified nephrometry score was associated with better prediction of outcome of partial nephrectomy when compared to R.E.N.A.L.

The aim of this study was to find the correlation between severity of dry eye and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity. Forty- two RA patients with dry eye were recruited from Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic in Minia University Hospital. Assessment of RA disease activity was performed using disease activity score (DAS-28). Ocular tests include Schirmer test I, tear film break up time (TBUT) and ocular staining score (OSS) was performed by ophthalmologist to find evidence of ocular dryness. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti SSA/Ro and anti SSB/La was also tested. Patients with severe dry (OSS ≥ 3) underwent minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) as suspected to have secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Of 42 RA patients, 30 had definite dry eye. DAS-28 did not show significant correlation with any of ocular tests for dryness while the duration of RA was significantly positively correlated with Schirmer test and OSS. The biopsy results of RA patients with severe dry eye show no evidence of SS. The severity of dry eye is not correlated with activity of RA but with its duration.

Premature rupture of membranes is an obstetric problem with an obscure etiology, difficult to diagnose and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Its management strategies are diverse and controversial. The aim of this study: was to identify the relationship between premature rupture of membranes and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Subjects and method: The study was conducted at obstetric departments' labor units of two settings; Tanta University hospital and El-Menshawy hospital. A convenient sample of 120 parturient women who fulfilled the inclusive criteria were included in the study. Three tools were used for data collection; Tool (I): A structured interview schedule that included (a). Socio demographic characteristics, (b), Reproductive history, and (c). History of present pregnancy. Tool (II): Maternal outcome assessment observational checklist that included two parts. Part I: assessment of general condition of the women, and Part II: obstetrical and local abdominal examination. Tool (III): Neonatal outcome assessment observational checklist. Results: The results of the present study revealed that there was a significant relation between premature rupture of membranes and the occurrence of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Socio-demographic factors include residence, income; age, educational level, and occupation were risk factors predictors of premature rupture of membranes. History of abortion, and exposure to infection, anemia, strenuous effort/activity, and number of follow up visits were also significant risk factors predictors of premature rupture of membranes. Conclusion: The gestational age in weeks and latent period of premature rupture of membranes were the main determinants of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Prematurity is the principal risk to the fetus with its associated morbidity. On the other hand, infectious morbidity is the primary maternal risk among women. Recommendations: Premature rupture of membranes is one of the most importance obstetric complications that should be focused in the curriculum of basic nursing education as well as continuing education. Additionally, antenatal classes should be planned and developed in order to increase pregnant women's awareness to seek obstetrical care regarding premature rupture of membranes at proper time.

Purpose To assess the frequency of Sjӧgren’s syndrome (SS), either primary or secondary to rheumatic disease, in a cohort of patients with aqueous-deficient dry eye and to determine the most accurate objective test for diagnosis of SS. Methods A total of 111 patients with dry eye were recruited from Minia University's ​Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic (69 patients) and Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic (42 patients). The patients were screened for aqueous tear–deficient dry eye by abnormal test results of Schirmer test I (

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of unplanned buying with post-purchase regret, moderated by consumer-family income and gender, as well as the association of both sales promotion and bank- card payment with unplanned buying in the Saudi market. Drawing on unplanned buying and post-purchase literature, the study tested a model of post-purchase regret. A survey was conducted among Saudi consumers of retail stores in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample of 927 respondents was taken for data collection, among them 903 were finalized for analysis. The study concluded that there is a positive relationship between unplanned buying and post-purchase regret. An increased association of unplanned buying with post-purchase regret has been found among low-income earners and male consumers. Furthermore, bank-card payment, but not sales promotion, has a significant association with unplanned buying. Practically, consumers and marketers can benefit from the results and recommendations of this study, both avoiding the bad consequences of post-purchase regret. Self-awareness of the factors that cause regret may turn consumers to be more rational in their future buying decisions. Marketers’ perceptions of those factors may also be helpful in setting marketing strategies towards their target markets; satisfying, and retaining consumers. The original contribution of this study comes from a lack of research in the Middle East on unplanned buying, post-purchase regret and their relationship antecedents.