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8. The association of psychological distress and economic and health worries with tobacco smoking behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-year longitudinal cohort study

Author

Alpers, Silvia Eiken, primary, Druckrey-Fiskaaen, Karl Trygve, additional, Madebo, Tesfaye, additional, Vold, Jørn Henrik, additional, Pallesen, Ståle, additional, Skogen, Jens Christoffer, additional, Lunde, Linn-Heidi, additional, Mæland, Silje, additional, and Fadnes, Lars Thore, additional

Published
2024
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9. A qualitative study on people with opioid use disorders' perspectives on smoking and smoking cessation interventions.

Author

Druckrey-Fiskaaen, Karl Trygve, Furulund, Einar, Madebo, Tesfaye, Carlsen, Siv-Elin Leirvåg, Fadnes, Lars T., and Gilje Lid, Torgeir

Subjects
NICOTINE replacement therapy, SMOKING cessation, OPIOID abuse, DRUG withdrawal symptoms, TOBACCO use, MEDICAL personnel, PATIENT preferences
Abstract

Introduction: Smoking-related diseases are major contributors to disability and shorter life expectancy among opioid-dependent patients. Smoking prevalence is considerably higher for opioid-dependent persons than among the general population, and only a minority quit smoking in treatment settings. Studies show that pharmacological smoking cessation interventions have modest success rates. This study aimed to investigate patients' receiving opioid agonist therapy perspectives on factors affecting behavior and decisions related to smoking cessation, and their experiences with smoking cessation. Methods: This is a qualitative study using semi-structured individual interviews. The participants were asked, among others, to elaborate on the participants' thoughts about smoking, previous attempts to quit tobacco use, and what could prompt a smoking cessation attempt. We analyzed the transcripts with systematic text condensation. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were followed. Opioid-dependent patients receiving opioid agonist therapy in outpatient clinics were invited to participate using a purposive sampling method. In total, fourteen individuals participated in this study. Results: We identified six themes which were: (1) reflections on how smoking affected decisions, (2) smoking and its impact on physical and mental health, (3) the economy as a motivator to stop smoking, (4) emotions, desires, and habits related to smoking, (5) knowledge of smoking, smoking cessation, and quit attempts, and (6) social factors influencing the participants' choices and activities. The participants were well informed about the consequences of smoking and had some knowledge and experience in quitting. The participants' pulmonary health was an important motivational factor for change. Withdrawal symptoms, anxiety, and fear of using other substances discouraged several from attempting to quit smoking. In contrast, social support from partners and access to meaningful activities were considered important factors for success. Few reported being offered help from health professionals to make a smoking cessation attempt. Discussion: Experiencing social support, being encouraged to quit smoking, and patients' concerns for their physical health were important reasons for wanting to quit smoking. Smoking cessation interventions based on patient preferences and on the behavior change wheel may enable a higher success rate among patients receiving opioid agonist therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. Patient-reported health-related quality of life from a randomized phase II trial comparing standard-dose with high-dose twice daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited stage small-cell lung cancer

Author

Killingberg, Kristin Toftaker, Halvorsen, Tarje Onsøien, Fløtten, Øystein, Brustugun, Odd Terje, HORNSLIEN, KJERSTI, Madebo, Tesfaye, Langer, Seppo W., Schytte, Tine, Risum, Signe, Tsakonas, Georgios, Nyman, Jan, Engleson, Jens, and Grønberg, Bjørn Henning

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, LS SCLC, Cancer Research, Lung Neoplasms, Radiotherapy, Twice daily thoracic radiotherapy, Hyper fractionated, Convalescence, Chemoradiotherapy, Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, Dyspnea, Oncology, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Quality of Life, Humans, Health related quality of life, Dose Fractionation, Radiation, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Cisplatin, Deglutition Disorders, Patient reported outcomes, Etoposide, Neoplasm Staging
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: In a randomized phase II trial, twice daily (BID) thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) of 60 Gy/40 fractions improved survival compared with 45 Gy/30 fractions in limited stage small-cell lung cancer (LS SCLC). Notably, the higher dose did not cause more toxicity. Here we present health related quality of life (HRQoL) reported by the trial participants during the first 2 years.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 170 patients were randomized 1:1 to TRT of 45 Gy or 60 Gy concurrently with cisplatin/etoposide chemotherapy. The 150 patients who commenced TRT and completed a minimum of one HRQoL-questionnaire were included in the present study. Patients reported HRQoL on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core 30 and Lung Cancer 13 Quality of Life Questionnaires. Questionnaires were completed weeks 0, 4 (before TRT), 8 (end of TRT), 12 (response evaluation after chemoradiotherapy) and 16 (end of prophylactic cranial irradiation), then every 10 weeks year one, and every 3 months year two. Primary HRQoL endpoints were dysphagia and dyspnea. A difference in mean score of ≥10 was defined as clinically significant.RESULTS: Maximum dysphagia was reported on week 8, with no significant difference between treatment arms (mean scores 45 Gy: 44.2, 60 Gy: 51.1). The 60 Gy arm had more dysphagia in the convalescence period, but dysphagia scores returned to baseline levels at week 16 in both arms. For dyspnea there were no significant changes, or differences between treatment arms, at any timepoint. There were no significant differences between treatment arms for any other HRQoL-scales.CONCLUSION: TRT of 60 Gy did not cause significantly higher maximum dysphagia, though patients on the 60 Gy arm reported more dysphagia the first 8 weeks of convalescence. The higher dose was well tolerated and is an attractive alternative to current TRT schedules in LS SCLC. Trial reg Clinicaltrials.gov NCT0204184.

Published
2022

12. Effects of Nutritional Interventions in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Author

Furulund,Einar, Bemanian,Mitra, Berggren,Nina, Madebo,Tesfaye, Rivedal,Sara Hydle, Lid,Torgeir Gilje, and Fadnes,Lars Thore

Subjects
International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Abstract

Einar Furulund,1– 3 Mitra Bemanian,2,3 Nina Berggren,3 Tesfaye Madebo,2,4 Sara Hydle Rivedal,3 Torgeir Gilje Lid,1,5 Lars Thore Fadnes2,3 1Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; 2Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; 3Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 4Department of Respiratory Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; 5Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, NorwayCorrespondence: Einar FurulundCentre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, NorwayTel +4751518000Email Einar.Furulund@sus.noBackground: The role of nutrition and dietary patterns has been widely investigated in cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, but there are limited data on nutritional impact on COPD. This systematic review (PROSPERO-reg. no: CRD42020172712) aimed to investigate the effect of nutritional interventions on pulmonary and physical function, inflammation, and health-related quality of life among individuals with COPD.Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane, resulting in 3861 references. Studies focusing exclusively on inpatient-stays, underweight or obese patients were excluded. Double screening, extraction and bias assessment were conducted. Bias was assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials. Thirteen randomized controlled trials with 916 participants were included.Results: These trials investigated effects of protein supplementation, beetroot juice, increased fruit and vegetable intake, black seed oil, Tualang honey, Chlorella vulgaris-extract, whey-peptide containing nutritional drink, and increased macronutrient intake. The durations of the interventions were from weeks to a few months, and only one with duration > 1 year (investigating increased fruit/vegetable intake). The intervention increasing fruit/vegetables found improvement in pulmonary function tests. Some interventions observed effects on systemic inflammation, health-related quality of life and physical function, although with some mixed results. Five were classified as poor, five as fair, and three as good in terms of risk of bias and quality.Conclusion: Increasing intake of fruits and vegetables over prolonged periods might have positive effects on lung function in individuals with COPD. Some nutritional interventions also observed effects on systemic inflammation, health-related quality of life, and physical function, although with some mixed results. Many of the trials were underpowered, had high dropout rates, or had a high risk of bias. Further research should investigate effect of prolonged dietary interventions.Keywords: nutrition, lung function, inflammation, physical function, health-related quality of life

Published
2021

13. High-dose versus standard-dose twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy for patients with limited stage small-cell lung cancer:an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial

Author

Grønberg, Bjørn Henning, Killingberg, Kristin Toftaker, Fløtten, Øystein, Brustugun, Odd Terje, Hornslien, Kjersti, Madebo, Tesfaye, Langer, Seppo Wang, Schytte, Tine, Nyman, Jan, Risum, Signe, Tsakonas, Georgios, Engleson, Jens, Halvorsen, Tarje Onsøien, Grønberg, Bjørn Henning, Killingberg, Kristin Toftaker, Fløtten, Øystein, Brustugun, Odd Terje, Hornslien, Kjersti, Madebo, Tesfaye, Langer, Seppo Wang, Schytte, Tine, Nyman, Jan, Risum, Signe, Tsakonas, Georgios, Engleson, Jens, and Halvorsen, Tarje Onsøien

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is standard treatment for limited stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy of 45 Gy in 30 fractions is considered to be the most effective schedule. The aim of this study was to investigate whether high-dose, twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy of 60 Gy in 40 fractions improves survival.METHODS: This open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial was done at 22 public hospitals in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Patients aged 18 years and older with treatment-naive confirmed limited stage SCLC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2, and measurable disease according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 were eligible. All participants received four courses of intravenous cisplatin 75 mg/m2 or carboplatin (area under the curve 5-6 mg/mL × min, Calvert's formula) on day 1 and intravenous etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 1-3 every 3 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) in permuted blocks (sized between 4 and 10) stratifying for ECOG performance status, disease stage, and presence of pleural effusion to receive thoracic radiotherapy of 45 Gy in 30 fractions or 60 Gy in 40 fractions to the primary lung tumour and PET-CT positive lymph node metastases starting 20-28 days after the first chemotherapy course. Patients in both groups received two fractions per day, ten fractions per week. Responders were offered prophylactic cranial irradiation of 25-30 Gy. The primary endpoint, 2-year overall survival, was assessed after all patients had been followed up for a minimum of 2 years. All randomly assigned patients were included in the efficacy analyses, patients commencing thoracic radiotherapy were included in the safety analyses. Follow-up is ongoing. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02041845.FINDINGS: Between July 8, 2014, and June 6, 2018, 176 patients were enrolled, 170 of whom were randomly assigned to 60 Gy (n=89) or 45 Gy

Published
2021

14. Circulating antioxidants and lipid peroxidation products in untreated tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia

Author

Madebo, Tesfaye, Lindtjorn, Brent, Aukrust, Pal, and Berge, Rolf K

Subjects
Antioxidants -- Physiological aspects, Lipid peroxidation -- Physiological aspects, HIV infection -- Physiological aspects, Malnutrition -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background: Knowledge of the antioxidant profile and its relation to lipid peroxidation in tuberculosis patients with or without accompanying HIV infection is scarce, particularly in developing countries. Objective: The objective was to further investigate the interaction between HIV, tuberculosis, and antioxidants and their relations with markers of oxidative stress in a large population of Ethiopians. Design: In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated antioxidants and markers of oxidative stress in Ethiopian tuberculosis patients with (n = 25) and without (n = 100) HIV infection and in Ethiopian (n = 45) and Norwegian (n = 25) healthy control subjects. Results: Concentrations of the antioxidant vitamins C and E and of vitamin A were significantly lower in tuberculosis patients than in healthy Ethiopians. Tuberculosis patients also had significantly lower thiol concentrations, particularly of the reduced forms. Tuberculosis patients, particularly those who were co-infected with HIV, had higher malondialdehyde concentrations than did control subjects. High malondialdehyde concentrations were associated with clinical severity as measured by the Karnofsky Performance Status Index and anthropometric scores. Ethiopian control subjects had lower concentrations of vitamin E and higher concentrations of malondialdehyde than did Norwegian control subjects. Conclusions: Our findings further support a link between oxidative stress, tuberculosis, and HIV infection. However, whether antioxidant supplementation will improve tuberculosis outcome or is of importance for its prevention should be further examined in future prospective studies. KEY WORDS Tuberculosis, HIV, malnutrition, glutathione, antioxidants, oxidative stress

Published
2003

16. Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Treatment May Have a Relevant Impact on the Prognosis of Patients With Stage IV Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Treated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy or Combined Targeted Therapy and Chemotherapy.

Author

Huiru Guo, Jia Xiang Liu, Ling Xu, Madebo, Tesfaye, and Baak, Jan P. A.

Abstract

Background: Targeted therapy (TT), chemotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine herbal treatment (TCM) can improve the prognosis of advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients. Their independent prognostic value is unknown. Objective: To study whether TCM improves survival in stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with platinum-based chemotherapy (PBT), or combined PBT and second-line TT. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 133 fully ambulant clinical outpatients treated with PBT alone or PBT with/without second-line TT, with/without TCM. Univariate (Kaplan—Meier) and multivariable (Cox model) survival analysis were performed, using disease-specific mortality as an endpoint. Results: Gender (P = .002), TT (P < .0001), and TCM (P < .0001) had univariate prognostic value but not age, radiotherapy, or TCM syndrome differentiation (P > .10). TCM herbal treatment (P < .0001) and TT (P = .03) had multivariable independent prognostic value. TCM-treated patients (n = 103, PBT+TT+TCM+ = 62; PBT+TT−TCM+ =41) had 88% 1-year overall survival rate with median survival time (MST) of 27 months, contrasting 27% 1-year overall survival and MST of 5.0 months for non-TCM-treated (n = 30) patients. Patients with chemotherapy/TT/TCM (PBT+TT+TCM+, n = 62), TCM without TT (PBT+TT−TCM+, n = 41), or chemotherapy only (PBT+TT−TCM−, n = 30), had 1-year survival rates of 94%, 78%, and 27% respectively; for these 3 groups, respectively, MST was not reached (MST of 30.9 months), 22.6, and 5.0 months (P < .0001). Conclusions: TCM herbal treatment may improve survival of stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients treated with chemotherapy without or with second-line TT. This warrants formal phase 1 and 2 trials and ultimately properly designed prospective clinical validation trials with adequate methodology developed for data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2011
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17. Traditional Chinese medicine herbal treatment may have a relevant impact on the prognosis of patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung treated with platinum-based chemotherapy or combined targeted therapy and chemotherapy.

Author

Guo H, Liu JX, Xu L, Madebo T, and Baak JP

Subjects
Adenocarcinoma diagnosis, Adenocarcinoma radiotherapy, Adenocarcinoma of Lung, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Carboplatin therapeutic use, Cisplatin therapeutic use, Combined Modality Therapy methods, Deoxycytidine analogs & derivatives, Deoxycytidine therapeutic use, Docetaxel, Drug Therapy, Combination methods, Erlotinib Hydrochloride, Female, Gefitinib, Humans, Lung Neoplasms diagnosis, Lung Neoplasms radiotherapy, Male, Medicine, Chinese Traditional methods, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Outpatients, Paclitaxel therapeutic use, Prognosis, Quinazolines therapeutic use, Retrospective Studies, Survival Analysis, Taxoids therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Vinblastine analogs & derivatives, Vinblastine therapeutic use, Vinorelbine, Gemcitabine, Adenocarcinoma drug therapy, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Drugs, Chinese Herbal therapeutic use, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Molecular Targeted Therapy methods, Organoplatinum Compounds therapeutic use, Platinum Compounds therapeutic use
Abstract

Background: Targeted therapy (TT), chemotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine herbal treatment (TCM) can improve the prognosis of advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients. Their independent prognostic value is unknown., Objective: To study whether TCM improves survival in stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with platinum-based chemotherapy (PBT), or combined PBT and second-line TT., Methods: Retrospective analysis of 133 fully ambulant clinical outpatients treated with PBT alone or PBT with/without second-line TT, with/without TCM. Univariate (Kaplan-Meier) and multivariable (Cox model) survival analysis were performed, using disease-specific mortality as an endpoint., Results: Gender (P = .002), TT (P < .0001), and TCM (P < .0001) had univariate prognostic value but not age, radiotherapy, or TCM syndrome differentiation (P > .10). TCM herbal treatment (P < .0001) and TT (P = .03) had multivariable independent prognostic value. TCM-treated patients (n = 103, PBT+TT+TCM+ = 62; PBT+TT-TCM+ =41) had 88% 1-year overall survival rate with median survival time (MST) of 27 months, contrasting 27% 1-year overall survival and MST of 5.0 months for non-TCM-treated (n = 30) patients. Patients with chemotherapy/TT/TCM (PBT+TT+TCM+, n = 62), TCM without TT (PBT+TT-TCM+, n = 41), or chemotherapy only (PBT+TT-TCM-, n = 30), had 1-year survival rates of 94%, 78%, and 27% respectively; for these 3 groups, respectively, MST was not reached (MST of 30.9 months), 22.6, and 5.0 months (P < .0001)., Conclusions: TCM herbal treatment may improve survival of stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients treated with chemotherapy without or with second-line TT. This warrants formal phase 1 and 2 trials and ultimately properly designed prospective clinical validation trials with adequate methodology developed for data collection.

Published
2011
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