45 results on '"MOTTA, CHIARA MARIA"'
Search Results
2. Polystyrene microplastics effects on zebrafish embryological development: Comparison of two different sizes
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La Pietra, Alessandra, Fasciolo, Gianluca, Lucariello, Daniela, Motta, Chiara Maria, Venditti, Paola, and Ferrandino, Ida
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- 2024
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3. Benzodiazepine Interference with Fertility and Embryo Development: A Preliminary Survey in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus
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Fogliano, Chiara, primary, Carotenuto, Rosa, additional, Cirino, Paola, additional, Panzuto, Raffaele, additional, Ciaravolo, Martina, additional, Simoniello, Palma, additional, Sgariglia, Ilaria, additional, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, and Avallone, Bice, additional
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- 2024
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4. Prednisone-hydrogen sulfide releasing hybrid shows improved therapeutic profile in asthma
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Cerqua, Ida, primary, Granato, Elisabetta, additional, Corvino, Angela, additional, Severino, Beatrice, additional, D’Avino, Danilo, additional, Simonelli, Martina, additional, Perissutti, Elisa, additional, Scognamiglio, Antonia, additional, Mirra, Davida, additional, D’Agostino, Bruno, additional, Caliendo, Giuseppe, additional, Rossi, Antonietta, additional, Cirino, Giuseppe, additional, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, and Roviezzo, Fiorentina, additional
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- 2023
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5. Adverse Effect of Metallic Gold and Silver Nanoparticles on Xenopus laevis Embryogenesis
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Carotenuto, Rosa, primary, Tussellino, Margherita, additional, Fusco, Sabato, additional, Benvenuto, Giovanna, additional, Formiggini, Fabio, additional, Avallone, Bice, additional, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, Fogliano, Chiara, additional, and Netti, Paolo Antonio, additional
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- 2023
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6. Benzodiazepine Delorazepam Induces Locomotory Hyperactivity and Alterations in Pedal Mucus Texture in the Freshwater Gastropod Planorbarius corneus.
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Fogliano, Chiara, Carotenuto, Rosa, Agnisola, Claudio, Simoniello, Palma, Karam, Myriam, Manfredonia, Claudia, Avallone, Bice, and Motta, Chiara Maria
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MUCUS ,SEWAGE disposal plants ,FRESHWATER snails ,GASTROPODA ,HYPERACTIVITY ,BENZODIAZEPINES ,FRESH water - Abstract
Benzodiazepines, psychotropic drugs, are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment due to over-consumption and inefficient removal by sewage treatment plants. Bioaccumulation with consequent behavioral and physiological effects has been reported in many aquatic species. However, the responses are species-specific and still poorly understood. To improve the knowledge, we exposed the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus to 1, 5, or 10 µg/L of delorazepam, the most widely consumed benzodiazepine in Italy. Conventional behavioral tests were used to assess the effects on locomotor and feeding behavior. Histological and biochemical analyses were also performed to detect possible changes in the structure and composition of the foot mucus and glands. The results show a paradoxical response with reduced feeding activity and locomotor hyperactivity. Pedal mucus was altered in texture but not in composition, becoming particularly rich in fibrous collagen-like material, and a significant change in the protein composition was highlighted in the foot. In conclusion, exposure to delorazepam induces disinhibited behavior in Planorbarius corneus, potentially increasing the risk of predation, and an increase in mucus protein production, which, together with reduced feeding activity, would severely compromise energy resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Glyphosate Interference in Follicular Organization in the Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus
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Rosati, Luigi, primary, Chianese, Teresa, additional, De Gregorio, Vincenza, additional, Verderame, Mariailaria, additional, Raggio, Anja, additional, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, and Scudiero, Rosaria, additional
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- 2023
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8. Behavioral alterations and gills damage in Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to an environmental concentration of delorazepam
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Fogliano, Chiara, primary, Carotenuto, Rosa, additional, Panzuto, Raffaele, additional, Spennato, Valentina, additional, De Bonis, Salvatore, additional, Simoniello, Palma, additional, Raggio, Anja, additional, Avallone, Bice, additional, Agnisola, Claudio, additional, and Motta, Chiara Maria, additional
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- 2023
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9. The Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus as a Biological Model for Research in Male Reproductive Toxicology
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Rosati, Luigi, primary, Chianese, Teresa, additional, Simoniello, Palma, additional, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, and Scudiero, Rosaria, additional
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- 2022
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10. Environmental concentrations of a delorazepam-based drug impact on embryonic development of non-target Xenopus laevis
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Fogliano, Chiara, primary, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, Venditti, Paola, additional, Fasciolo, Gianluca, additional, Napolitano, Gaetana, additional, Avallone, Bice, additional, and Carotenuto, Rosa, additional
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- 2022
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11. Comparative Toxicity of Vegan Red, E124, and E120 Food Dyes on Three Rapidly Proliferating Model Systems
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Avallone, Bice, primary, Arena, Carmen, additional, Simoniello, Palma, additional, Di Lorenzo, Mariana, additional, Vitale, Ermenegilda, additional, Capriello, Teresa, additional, Ferrandino, Ida, additional, Raggio, Anja, additional, Sasso, Margherita, additional, Napolitano, Gaetana, additional, De Bonis, Salvatore, additional, Fogliano, Chiara, additional, Agnisola, Claudio, additional, and Motta, Chiara Maria, additional
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- 2022
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12. Commercial Red Food Dyes Preparations Modulate the Oxidative State in Three Model Organisms (Cucumis sativus, Artemia salina, and Danio rerio)
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Napolitano, Gaetana, primary, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, Agnisola, Claudio, additional, Venditti, Paola, additional, Fasciolo, Gianluca, additional, Ferrandino, Ida, additional, Capriello, Teresa, additional, Vitale, Ermenegilda, additional, Costanzo, Giulia, additional, Avallone, Bice, additional, Simoniello, Palma, additional, and Arena, Carmen, additional
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- 2022
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13. Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Gut Villi in Danio rerio
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Motta, Chiara Maria, primary, Califano, Emanuela, additional, Scudiero, Rosaria, additional, Avallone, Bice, additional, Fogliano, Chiara, additional, De Bonis, Salvatore, additional, Raggio, Anja, additional, and Simoniello, Palma, additional
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- 2022
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14. Impact of Environmental Stressors on Gene Expression in the Embryo of the Italian Wall Lizard
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Scudiero, Rosaria, primary, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, and Simoniello, Palma, additional
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- 2021
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15. Endocrine disrupting effects of copper and cadmium in the oocytes of the Antarctic Emerald rockcod Trematomus bernacchii
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Motta, Chiara Maria, primary, Simoniello, Palma, additional, Di Lorenzo, Mariana, additional, Migliaccio, Vincenzo, additional, Panzuto, Raffaele, additional, Califano, Emanuela, additional, and Santovito, Gianfranco, additional
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- 2021
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16. Adverse effects of E150d on zebrafish development
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Capriello, Teresa, primary, Visone, Ilaria Mariarosaria, additional, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, and Ferrandino, Ida, additional
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- 2021
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17. HSP70 localization in Podarcis siculus embryos under natural thermal regime and following a non-lethal cold shock
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Scudiero, Rosaria, primary, Verderame, Mariailaria, additional, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, Migliaccio, Vincenzo, additional, and Simoniello, Palma, additional
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- 2019
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18. Morphological and biochemical analyses of otoliths of the ice-fish Chionodraco hamatus confirm a common origin with red-blooded species
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Motta, Chiara Maria, Avallone, Bice, Balassone, Giuseppina, Balsamo, Giuseppe, Fascio, Umberto, Simoniello, Palma, Tammaro, Stefania, and Marmo, Francesco
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- 2009
19. Effects of four food dyes on development of three model species, Cucumis sativus, Artemia salina and Danio rerio: Assessment of potential risk for the environment
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Motta, Chiara Maria, primary, Simoniello, Palma, additional, Arena, Carmen, additional, Capriello, Teresa, additional, Panzuto, Raffaele, additional, Vitale, Ermenegilda, additional, Agnisola, Claudio, additional, Tizzano, Monica, additional, Avallone, Bice, additional, and Ferrandino, Ida, additional
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- 2019
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20. Retinoblastoma binding protein 6 and crystallin lambda 1 are cadmium-responsive genes in zebrafish embryos and adults retinae
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Scudiero, Rosaria, primary, Esposito, Maria Grazia, additional, Simoniello, Palma, additional, and Motta, Chiara Maria, additional
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- 2017
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21. Angitola lake sediments: preliminary data and biotic indices
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BORGONUOVO, CAMILLA, Mutalipassi, Mirko, FAUGNO, SALVATORE, MOTTA, CHIARA MARIA, AGNISOLA, CLAUDIO, PITITTO, FRANCESCO MARIA, DE MARTINIS, CLAUDIO, CARELLA, FRANCESCA, ESPOSITO, LUIGI, Panzuto R., AA.VV., P. Santos Redin, A. M. Carvajal Uruena, C. Diez Valle, M. Gonzalo Orden, J. Palacios Alberti, T. Yanes Garcia, Borgonuovo, Camilla, Mutalipassi, Mirko, Faugno, Salvatore, Panzuto, R., Motta, CHIARA MARIA, Agnisola, Claudio, Pititto, FRANCESCO MARIA, DE MARTINIS, Claudio, Carella, Francesca, and Esposito, Luigi
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Biodiversity ,Angitola lake ,benthic community - Abstract
The Angitola lake is an artificial basin located in Calabria Region, in South Italy, part of the “Natural Regional Park of Serre”. Its surface area is 1.96 km2 and it is approximately 3 km away from Sant’Eufemia gulf. The basin was created in 1966 by damming the homonymous river. Four major rivers enter the lake: three in the far southeast, the fourth, smaller and active only during the winter period, in the southwest area. The international Ramsar Convention includes the basin and surroundings; in light of the Rio Convention, its directives have been transposed in the “Birds Directive” (BD) and “Habitats Directive” (HD). The Angitola lake, entrusted to the WWF Calabria, is one of the 2299 Italian SIC (code IT9340086): this area significantly contributes in maintaining and restoring the endangered freshwater habitat listed in HD, in protecting biodiversity of the region and it is part of the Natura 2000 network. The present study is part of the Angitola FISH2O project (European Fisheries Fund/FEP code 02/BA/12) and it aimed to examine the benthic macro-invertebrates community of the southeast part of Angitola lake. The first 15 cm in depths of sediments have a very variable composition, from fine sand to mud (rich in organic matter). This variability can be explained by the different characteristic of the chosen sampling transepts. Fauna sampling, carried out by core drills and plankton nets, shows presence of Diptera and Tricoptera larvae and some Nematoda, Polichaeta and Mollusca. Preliminary conclusion is that the Angitola lake is a diversified environment in which areas with different anthropic interference are present. The benthic macro-invertebrates community might be involved by possible disturbances induced by chemicals (e.g. water pollution) and/or physical variations (e.g. high sedimentation). Medium and long-term investigations are imperative to protect and promote the lake biodiversity, to verify the effects of seasonal fluctuations and how these are related to human activities such as tourism, demographic increase and industrial activities.
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- 2013
22. Alterations in brain morphology and HSP70 expression in lizard embryos exposed to thermal stress
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Simoniello, Palma, primary, Esposito, Maria Grazia, additional, Trinchella, Francesca, additional, Motta, Chiara Maria, additional, and Scudiero, Rosaria, additional
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- 2016
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23. Unravelling the Role of Metallothionein on Development, Reproduction and Detoxification in the Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula.
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Scudiero, Rosaria, Verderame, Mariailaria, Motta, Chiara Maria, and Simoniello, Palma
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PODARCIS sicula ,LACERTIDAE ,METALLOTHIONEIN ,GENE expression ,EMBRYOLOGY ,OOGENESIS ,CADMIUM ,SPERMATOGENESIS - Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are an evolutionary conserved multigene family of proteins whose role was initially identified in binding essential metals. The physiological role of MT, however, has been revealed to be more complex than expected, since not only are MTs able to bind to toxic heavy metals, but many isoforms have shown specialized and alternative functions. Within this uncertainty, the information available on MTs in non-mammalian vertebrates, particularly in neglected tetrapods such as the reptiles, is even more scant. In this review, we provide a summary of the current understanding on metallothionein presence and function in the oviparous lizard Podarcis sicula, highlighting the results obtained by studying MT gene expression in most representative adult and embryonic tissues. The results demonstrate that in adults, cadmium induces MT transcription in a dose- and tissue-specific manner. Thus, the MT mRNAs appear, at least in some cases, to be an unsuitable tool for detecting environmental ion contamination. In early embryos, maternal RNAs sustain developmental needs for MT protein until organogenesis is well on its way. At this time, transcription starts, but again in a tissue- and organ-specific manner, suggesting an involvement in alternative roles. In conclusion, the spatiotemporal distribution of transcripts in adults and embryos definitively confirms that MT has deserved the title of elusive protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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24. Morphological and biochemical analyses of otoliths of the ice‐fish Chionodraco hamatus confirm a common origin with red‐blooded species
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Motta, Chiara Maria, primary, Avallone, Bice, additional, Balassone, Giuseppina, additional, Balsamo, Giuseppe, additional, Fascio, Umberto, additional, Simoniello, Palma, additional, Tammaro, Stefania, additional, and Marmo, Francesco, additional
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- 2008
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25. HSP70 localization in Podarcissiculus embryos under natural thermal regime and following a non-lethal cold shock.
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Scudiero, Rosaria, Verderame, Mariailaria, Motta, Chiara Maria, Migliaccio, Vincenzo, and Simoniello, Palma
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PROXIMAL kidney tubules , *HEAT shock proteins , *MOLECULAR chaperones , *KIDNEY tubules , *LUNG cancer , *EMBRYOS - Abstract
The Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are a superfamily of molecular chaperones that maintain cellular homeostasis under stress. HSP70 represents the major stress-inducible family member, often activated in response to changes in thermal ranges of organisms, and therefore playing an important role enhancing thermal tolerance limits in ectothermic animals. The present study aimed to investigate the presence and the localization of HSP70 through the development of Podarcis siculus , an oviparous lizard inhabiting temperate Mediterranean regions, showing a limited potential to tolerate thermal changes during embryogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that HSP70 protein is constitutively present in early embryonic stages, abundantly distributed in eye, in encephalic domains (predominantly in ventricular areas and in grey matter), in grey matter of spinal cord, in lung, gut mucosa, hepatic cords and kidney tubules. Interestingly, a severe drop in incubation temperature (5 °C for 3 days) does not induce enhancements in HSP70 levels nor changes in tissues localization. These results suggest that the HSP70 found in P. siculus embryos represents a non-inducible, constitutive molecular chaperone that should be better called Heat Shock Cognate 70 (HSC70); the presence of stress-induced members of the HSP family in P. siculus has yet to be proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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26. Structural and functional damage to the retina and skeletal muscle in Xenopus laevis embryos exposed to the commonly used psychotropic benzodiazepine delorazepam.
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Fogliano, Chiara, Carotenuto, Rosa, Rusciano, Giulia, Sasso, Antonio, Motta, Chiara Maria, Agnisola, Claudio, and Avallone, Bice
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XENOPUS laevis , *EMERGING contaminants , *GABA receptors , *SENSE organs , *EMBRYOLOGY , *RAMAN spectroscopy - Abstract
Benzodiazepines, psychotropic drugs, are among the most frequently found pharmaceuticals in aquatic matrices. An increasing number of studies are reporting their harmful effects on adults' behaviour and physiology, while little information is available regarding developing organisms exposed since early stages. Improper activation of GABA receptors during embryonic development is likely to induce relevant consequences on the morphogenesis and, at later stages, on behaviour. This study investigated the negative effects of three increasing concentrations of delorazepam on Xenopus laevis retinal and skeletal muscle morphogenesis. Morphological and ultrastructural investigations were correlated with gene expression, while Raman spectroscopy highlighted the main biochemical components affected. Conventional phototactic response and orientation in the magnetic field were assessed as indicators of proper interaction between sensory organs and the nervous system. Results confirm the profound impact of delorazepam on development and return an alarming picture of the amphibians' survival potentialities in a benzodiazepine-contaminated environment. [Display omitted] • Delorazepam belongs to benzodiazepines, emerging water pollutant class. • Its impact was evaluated on Xenopus laevis embryos. • Delorazepam induced retinal dysmorphogenesis, with visual performance impairment. • Skeletal muscle was damaged, displaying disorganization of fibers and sarcomeres. • Raman spectroscopy revealed significant changes in biochemical components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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27. Glyphosate Interference in Follicular Organization in the Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus
- Author
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Luigi Rosati, Teresa Chianese, Vincenza De Gregorio, Mariailaria Verderame, Anja Raggio, Chiara Maria Motta, Rosaria Scudiero, Rosati, Luigi, Chianese, Teresa, DE GREGORIO, Vincenza, Verderame, Mariailaria, Raggio, Anja, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, and Scudiero, Rosaria
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Inorganic Chemistry ,oogenesis ,reptiles ,reproductive toxicology ,estrogen disruptors ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications ,oogenesis, reptiles, lizard, Podarcis siculus, reproductive toxicology, estrogen disruptors, glyphosate - Abstract
Glyphosate (Gly) is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used thanks to its high efficiency and low toxicity. However, evidence exists of its toxic effects on non-target organisms. Among these, the animals inhabiting agricultural fields are particularly threatened. Recent studies demonstrated that exposure to Gly markedly affected the morphophysiology of the liver and testis of the Italian field lizard Podarcis siculus. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the herbicide on the female reproductive system of this lizard in order to have a full picture of Gly-induced reproductive impairment. The animals were exposed to 0.05 and 0.5 μg/kg of pure Gly by gavage for 3 weeks. The results demonstrated that Gly, at both doses tested, profoundly interfered with ovarian function. It induced germ cells’ recruitment and altered follicular anatomy by anticipating apoptotic regression of the pyriform cells. It also induced thecal fibrosis and affected oocyte cytoplasm and zona pellucida organizations. At the functional levels, Gly stimulated the synthesis of estrogen receptors, suggesting a serious endocrine-disrupting effect. Overall, the follicular alterations, combined with those found at the level of the seminiferous tubules in males, suggest serious damage to the reproductive fitness of these non-target organisms, which over time could lead to a decline in survival.
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- 2023
28. Commercial Red Food Dyes Preparations Modulate the Oxidative State in Three Model Organisms (Cucumis sativus, Artemia salina, and Danio rerio)
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Gaetana Napolitano, Chiara Maria Motta, Claudio Agnisola, Paola Venditti, Gianluca Fasciolo, Ida Ferrandino, Teresa Capriello, Ermenegilda Vitale, Giulia Costanzo, Bice Avallone, Palma Simoniello, Carmen Arena, Napolitano, Gaetana, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, Agnisola, Claudio, Venditti, Paola, Fasciolo, Gianluca, Ferrandino, Ida, Capriello, Teresa, Vitale, Ermenegilda, Costanzo, Giulia, Avallone, Bice, Simoniello, Palma, and Arena, Carmen
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antioxidant ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Danio rerio embryos ,Cucumis sativus seedling ,Danio rerio embryo ,ROS ,antioxidants ,oxygen consumption ,Artemia salina nauplii ,Cucumis sativus ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The growing environmental spreading of food synthetic dyes and bio-colors have the potential for altering organisms’ redox states. Here, three model species for aquatic pollution trials, Cucumis sativus seeds, Artemia salina cysts, and Danio rerio embryos, were short-term exposed to a fixed concentration of the artificial red E124, and two red bio-colors, cochineal E120, and vegan red (VEGR). In the animal models, we evaluated the total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the susceptibility to in vitro oxidative stress, and in C. sativus, H2O2 production and antioxidant capacity. We also measured organismal performance indices (routine oxygen consumption in the animal models, dark oxygen consumption, and photosynthetic efficiency in C. sativus). In C. sativus, only E124 increased ROS and affected dark oxygen consumption and photosynthetic efficiency, while all dyes enhanced the antioxidant defenses. In the A. salina nauplii, all dyes increased ROS, while E120 and E124 reduced the susceptibility to oxidative stress. In D. rerio, treatments did not affect ROS content, and reduced oxidative stress susceptibility. Our data show that red food dyes affect the redox state of the developing organisms, in which ROS plays a significant role. We suggest a potentially toxic role for red food dyes with environmentally relevant consequences.
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- 2022
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29. Environmental concentrations of a delorazepam-based drug impact on embryonic development of non-target Xenopus laevis
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Chiara Fogliano, Chiara Maria Motta, Paola Venditti, Gianluca Fasciolo, Gaetana Napolitano, Bice Avallone, Rosa Carotenuto, Fogliano, Chiara, Motta, Chiara Maria, Venditti, Paola, Fasciolo, Gianluca, Napolitano, Gaetana, Avallone, Bice, and Carotenuto, Rosa
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Environmental toxicity ,Embryo, Nonmammalian ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Nordazepam ,Embryonic Development ,Aquatic Science ,FETAX test ,Oxidative stress ,Teratogenicity, Gene expression ,Benzodiazepines ,Xenopus laevis ,Teratogenicity ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Environmental toxicity, FETAX test, Oxidative stress, Teratogenicity, Gene expression ,Animals ,Gene expression ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Benzodiazepines, psychotropics drugs used for treating sleep disorders, anxiety and epilepsy, represent a major class of emerging water pollutants. As occurs for other pharmaceutical residues, they are not efficiently degraded during sewage treatment and persist in effluent waters. Bioaccumulation is already reported in fish and small crustaceans, but the impact and consequences on other "non-target" aquatic species are still unclear and nowadays of great interest. In this study, we investigated the effects of a pharmaceutical preparation containing the benzodiazepine delorazepam on the embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis, amphibian model species, taxa at high risk of exposure to water contaminants. Environmental (1 μg/L) and two higher (5 and 10 μg/L) concentrations were tested on tadpoles up to stage 45/46. Results demonstrate that delorazepam interferes with embryo development and that the effects are prevalently dose-dependent. Delorazepam reduces vitality by decreasing heart rate and motility, induces marked cephalic and abdominal edema, as well as intestinal and retinal defects. At the molecular level, delorazepam increases ROS production, modifies the expression of some master developmental genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The resulting stress condition significantly affects embryos' development and threatens their survival. Similar effects should be expected as well in embryos belonging to other aquatic species that have not been yet considered targets for these pharmaceutical residues.
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- 2022
30. Comparative Toxicity of Vegan Red, E124, and E120 Food Dyes on Three Rapidly Proliferating Model Systems
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Bice Avallone, Carmen Arena, Palma Simoniello, Mariana Di Lorenzo, Ermenegilda Vitale, Teresa Capriello, Ida Ferrandino, Anja Raggio, Margherita Sasso, Gaetana Napolitano, Salvatore De Bonis, Chiara Fogliano, Claudio Agnisola, Chiara Maria Motta, Avallone, Bice, Arena, Carmen, Simoniello, Palma, Di Lorenzo, Mariana, Vitale, Ermenegilda, Capriello, Teresa, Ferrandino, Ida, Raggio, Anja, Sasso, Margherita, Napolitano, Gaetana, De Bonis, Salvatore, Fogliano, Chiara, Agnisola, Claudio, and Motta, Chiara Maria
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Artemia salina nauplii ,cell viability ,growth rate ,in vitro cells ,Cucumis sativus seedlings ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,cell viability, growth rate, in vitro cells, Artemia salina nauplii, Cucumis sativus seedlings ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The abuse of artificial food dyes and the evidence that they harm human health recently prompted a significant effort to introduce vegan substitutes prepared from fruits and vegetables. Not much information, however, has been collected on their possible effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems once released as waste in surface waters. For this purpose, we analyzed the effects of a vegan red (VEG) preparation (concentration 1.2 g/L) on three rapidly proliferating models for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem contamination. In particular, in vitro cells cultures (exposure for 24 h), Artemia salina nauplii and Cucumis sativus seedlings (exposure 5 days). A comparison was made with the effects exerted by the two dyes that vegan red is intended to replace: an animal dye, cochineal E120 and an artificial dye E124. The analyses of conventional endpoints, indicative of cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth rate, demonstrate that the three dyes affect development and that the vegan substitute is as unsafe as the E124 and E120. Vegan red in fact impairs cell growth in in vitro cells, delays naupliar hatching and early growth in Artemia, and reduces shoot/root biomass in Cucumis. Marked hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mesophyll are also observed in Cucumis leaves. Substitution in food and beverages, therefore, should be carefully reconsidered to avoid unnecessary environmental contamination.
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- 2022
31. The Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus as a Biological Model for Research in Male Reproductive Toxicology
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Luigi Rosati, Teresa Chianese, Palma Simoniello, Chiara Maria Motta, Rosaria Scudiero, Rosati, Luigi, Chianese, Teresa, Simoniello, Palma, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, and Scudiero, Rosaria
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Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,testis ,endocrine disrupting compounds ,reptiles ,spermatogenesis ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications ,endocrine disrupting compounds, environmental contaminants, lizard, Podarcis siculus, reproductive toxicology, reptiles, spermatogenesis, testis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,environmental contaminants ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a genetically driven differentiation process that occurs in the testis and leads to the formation of spermatozoa. This process is extensively studied in several experimental models, particularly in vertebrates that share the morphological structure and functionality of the mammalian testis. Although reptiles are not generally considered biological models, the lizard Podarcis siculus has represented a suitable organism for the study of spermatogenesis over the years. In this lizard, the process of spermatogenesis is regulated by the interaction between systemic factors such as gonadotropins and local factors, i.e., molecules produced by the somatic and germinal cells of the testis. Many exogenous substances are able to alter the production of these regulative factors, thus altering the course of spermatogenesis, and P. siculus has proven to be an excellent model for studying the effects of various endogenous or exogenous substances on mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis. This review summarizes the available data on the effects of different substances on the control of spermatogenesis, highlighting the induced morphological and molecular alterations. Overall, the data show that sex hormone levels as well as the final stages of spermatogenesis are most affected by an imbalance of endogenous compounds or contamination by environmental pollutants. This is helpful for the male individual, since the damage, not affecting the spermatogonial stem cells, can be considered transient and not irreversible.
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- 2022
32. Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Gut Villi in Danio rerio
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Chiara Maria Motta, Emanuela Califano, Rosaria Scudiero, Bice Avallone, Chiara Fogliano, Salvatore De Bonis, Anja Raggio, Palma Simoniello, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, Califano, Emanuela, Scudiero, Rosaria, Avallone, Bice, Fogliano, Chiara, De Bonis, Salvatore, Raggio, Anja, and Simoniello, Palma
- Subjects
Seric infiltration ,inorganic chemicals ,Cadmium toxicity ,Lectin staining ,Organic Chemistry ,Villar degeneration ,General Medicine ,Goblet cells ,Metalloth-ionein localization ,Metallothionein expression ,Zebrafish ,digestive system ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications ,Inorganic Chemistry ,cadmium toxicity, goblet cells, lectin staining, metallothionein expression, metallothionein localization, seric infiltration, villar degeneration, zebrafish ,cadmium toxicity ,goblet cells ,lectin staining ,metallothionein expression ,metallothionein localization ,seric infiltration ,villar degeneration ,zebrafish ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
In aquatic organisms, cadmium exposure occurs from ovum to death and the route of absorption is particularly wide, being represented by skin, gills and gastrointestinal tract, through which contaminated water and/or preys are ingested. It is known that cadmium interferes with the gut; however, less information is available on cadmium effects on an important component of the gut, namely goblet cells, specialized in mucus synthesis. In the present work, we studied the effects of two sublethal cadmium concentrations on the gut mucosa of Danio rerio. Particular attention was paid to changes in the distribution of glycan residues, and in metallothionein expression in intestinal cells. The results show that cadmium interferes with gut mucosa and goblet cells features. The effects are dose- and site-dependent, the anterior gut being more markedly affected than the midgut. Cadmium modifies the presence and/or distribution of glycans in the brush border and cytoplasm of enterocytes and in the goblet cells’ cytoplasm and alters the metallothionein expression and localization. The results suggest a significant interference of cadmium with mucosal efficiency, representing a health risk for the organism in direct contact with contamination and indirectly for the trophic chain.
- Published
- 2022
33. Impact of Environmental Stressors on Gene Expression in the Embryo of the Italian Wall Lizard
- Author
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Palma Simoniello, Chiara Maria Motta, Rosaria Scudiero, Scudiero, Rosaria, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, and Simoniello, Palma
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Technology ,cadmium ,QH301-705.5 ,QC1-999 ,Population ,Thermal stress ,Biology ,Chromatin remodeling ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gene expression ,Transcription factors ,General Materials Science ,Epigenetics ,Biology (General) ,education ,QD1-999 ,Instrumentation ,Transcription factor ,Gene ,transcription factors, gene expression, Podarcis siculus ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,education.field_of_study ,synaptic plasticity ,lizard development ,Physics ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,General Engineering ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,cadmium, cell cycle, cell metabolism and detoxification, eye development, lizard development, synaptic plasticity, thermal stres ,Computer Science Applications ,Cell biology ,Chemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,Cadmium ,Cell cycle ,Cell metabolism and detoxification ,Eye development ,Lizard development ,Synaptic plasticity ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Histone methyltransferase ,eye development ,cell metabolism and detoxification ,cell cycle ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The cleidoic eggs of oviparous reptiles are protected from the external environment by membranes and a parchment shell permeable to water and dissolved molecules. As a consequence, not only physical but also chemical insults can reach the developing embryos, interfering with gene expression. This review provides information on the impact of the exposure to cadmium contamination or thermal stress on gene expression during the development of Italian wall lizards of the genus Podarcis. The results obtained by transcriptomic analysis, although not exhaustive, allowed to identify some stress-reactive genes and, consequently, the molecular pathways in which these genes are involved. Cadmium-responsive genes encode proteins involved in cellular protection, metabolism and proliferation, membrane trafficking, protein interactions, neuronal transmission and plasticity, immune response, and transcription regulatory factors. Cold stress changes the expression of genes involved in transcriptional/translational regulation and chromatin remodeling and inhibits the transcription of a histone methyltransferase with the probable consequence of modifying the epigenetic control of DNA. These findings provide transcriptome-level evidence of how terrestrial vertebrate embryos cope with stress, giving a key to use in population survival and environmental change studies. A better understanding of the genes contributing to stress tolerance in vertebrates would facilitate methodologies and applications aimed at improving resistance to unfavourable environments.
- Published
- 2021
34. Retinoblastoma binding protein 6 and crystallin lambda 1 are cadmium-responsive genes in zebrafish embryos and adults retinae
- Author
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Palma Simoniello, Chiara Maria Motta, Maria Esposito, Rosaria Scudiero, Scudiero, Rosaria, Esposito, Mg, Simoniello, P, and Motta, CHIARA MARIA
- Subjects
Male ,Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,inorganic chemicals ,0301 basic medicine ,Embryo, Nonmammalian ,animal structures ,Immunology and Microbiology (all) ,Adult zebrafish retina ,Danio ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Zebrafish embryos ,010501 environmental sciences ,Protein degradation ,Biochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Retina ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Lens protein ,03 medical and health sciences ,Crystallin ,Animals ,Cadmium toxicology, gene expression, embryo development, retina, zebrafish ,Zebrafish ,mRNA differential display ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Retinoblastoma Binding Proteins ,Cadmium ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Medicine (all) ,Binding protein ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Crystallins ,Molecular biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all) ,chemistry ,Female ,Gene expression ,In situ hybridization ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Nonessential metal cadmium is widely used and released in the environment, causing cell toxicity and posing a severe threat to wildlife. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the most commonly used animals in the investigation of environmental cadmium toxicity in vertebrates. In this study, we identified two cadmium-responsive genes, RBBP6 and CRYL1, in the early phases of zebrafish development, at the gastrula stage. The retinoblastoma binding protein 6 is associated with increased protein degradation and cell proliferation; crystallin-lambda 1 is a lens protein with redox activity. In situ hybridization analysis performed on adult zebrafish exposed to 1.5-40 μM cadmium for 30 days confirmed the ability of cadmium to up-regulate the expression of both genes in retinal cells in a dose-dependent manner. The over-expression was transient, being switched off when cadmium was removed. The involvement of RBBP6 and CRYL1 in the onset of cadmium-induced morphological alterations in adult zebrafish retina is discussed.
- Published
- 2017
35. HSP70 localization in Podarcis siculus embryos under natural thermal regime and following a non-lethal cold shock
- Author
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Chiara Maria Motta, Rosaria Scudiero, Palma Simoniello, Mariailaria Verderame, Vincenzo Migliaccio, Scudiero, Rosaria, Verderame, Mariailaria, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, Migliaccio, Vincenzo, and Simoniello, Palma
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Hot Temperature ,Cellular homeostasis ,Embryonic Development ,Thermal stress ,Embryo development, Heat shock proteins, HSP70, Podarcis siculus embryos, lizard, reptiles, thermal stress, immunoistochemistry, western blotting ,Biology ,Grey matter ,Embryo development ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Western blotting ,03 medical and health sciences ,Heat shock protein ,medicine ,Animals ,HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Italian wall lizard Podarcis siculus ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Heat shock proteins ,Immunohistochemistry ,Cold-Shock Response ,Lizards ,Temperature ,Embryogenesis ,Embryo ,General Medicine ,Embryonic stem cell ,Hsp70 ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ectotherm ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are a superfamily of molecular chaperones that maintain cellular homeostasis under stress. HSP70 represents the major stress-inducible family member, often activated in response to changes in thermal ranges of organisms, and therefore playing an important role enhancing thermal tolerance limits in ectothermic animals. The present study aimed to investigate the presence and the localization of HSP70 through the development of Podarcis siculus, an oviparous lizard inhabiting temperate Mediterranean regions, showing a limited potential to tolerate thermal changes during embryogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that HSP70 protein is constitutively present in early embryonic stages, abundantly distributed in eye, in encephalic domains (predominantly in ventricular areas and in grey matter), in grey matter of spinal cord, in lung, gut mucosa, hepatic cords and kidney tubules. Interestingly, a severe drop in incubation temperature (5 °C for 3 days) does not induce enhancements in HSP70 levels nor changes in tissues localization. These results suggest that the HSP70 found in P. siculus embryos represents a non-inducible, constitutive molecular chaperone that should be better called Heat Shock Cognate 70 (HSC70); the presence of stress-induced members of the HSP family in P. siculus has yet to be proven.
- Published
- 2019
36. Endocrine disrupting effects of copper and cadmium in the oocytes of the Antarctic Emerald rockcod Trematomus bernacchii
- Author
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Emanuela Califano, Mariana Di Lorenzo, Raffaele Panzuto, Chiara Maria Motta, Palma Simoniello, Vincenzo Migliaccio, Gianfranco Santovito, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, Simoniello, Palma, DI LORENZO, Mariana, Migliaccio, Vincenzo, Panzuto, Raffaele, Califano, Emanuela, and Santovito, Gianfranco
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Environmental Engineering ,Carbohydrate composition ,carbohydrate composition.Estrogen receptors.Heavy metals, contentLectin staining,Oocyte degeneration,Ovarian morphology,PAS staining,Progesterone receptors ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Lectin staining ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Antarctic Regions ,Estrogen receptor ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Estrogen receptors ,02 engineering and technology ,contentLectin staining ,010501 environmental sciences ,Progesterone receptors ,01 natural sciences ,Internal medicine ,Trematomus ,medicine ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Endocrine system ,Heavy metals content ,Oocyte degeneration ,Ovarian morphology ,PAS staining ,Receptor ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Progesterone receptors, Estrogen receptors, Carbohydrate composition PAS staining, Lectin staining, Oocyte degeneration, Heavy metals content, Ovarian morphology ,Cadmium ,biology ,Chemistry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Oocyte ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Perciformes ,020801 environmental engineering ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Emerald rockcod ,Cytoplasm ,Oocytes ,carbohydrate composition.Estrogen receptors.Heavy metals ,Copper - Abstract
Antarctica has long been considered a continent free from anthropic interference. Unfortunately, recent evidence indicate that metal contamination has gone so far and that its effects are still unknown. For this reason, in the present work, the potential endocrine disrupting effect of two highly polluting metals, copper and cadmium, were examined in the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii. After a 10 days waterborne exposure, ovarian metal uptake was determined by atomic absorption; in parallel, classical histological approaches were adopted to determine the effects on oocyte morphology, carbohydrate composition and presence and localization of progesterone and estrogen receptors. Results show that both metals induce oocyte degeneration in about one third of the previtellogenic oocytes, no matter the stage of development. In apparently healthy oocytes, changes in cytoplasm, cortical alveoli and/or chorion carbohydrates composition are observed. Cadmium but not copper also induces significant changes in the localization of progesterone and beta-estrogen receptors, a result that well correlates with the observed increase in ovarian metals concentrations. In conclusion, the acute modifications detected are suggestive of a significantly impaired fecundity and of a marked endocrine disrupting effects of copper and cadmium in this teleost species.
- Published
- 2021
37. Long term exposure to cadmium: Pathological effects on kidney tubules cells in Sparus aurata juveniles
- Author
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Monica Tizzano, Raffaele Panzuto, Raimondo Cerciello, Palma Simoniello, Bice Avallone, Rosaria Scudiero, Chiara Maria Motta, Maria Rosa Montinari, Patrizia Cretì, Carmela Pizzoleo, Avallone, Bice, Cerciello, Raimondo, Cretì, Patrizia, Pizzoleo, Carmela, Scudiero, Rosaria, Tizzano, Monica, Panzuto, Raffaele, Simoniello, Palma, Montinari, Maria Rosa, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, Avallone, B, Cerciello, R, Cretì, P, Pizzoleo, C, Scudiero, R, Tizzano, M, Panzuto, R, Simoniello, P, Montinari, Mr, and Motta, Cm
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Brush border ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Lectin staining ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Cell Count ,Chemical ,010501 environmental sciences ,Cadmium chloride ,Biology ,Aquatic Science ,Kidney ,01 natural sciences ,Inactivation ,Glycocalyx ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cadmium Chloride ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Metallothionein ,Animals ,Brush border, Cadmium, Kidney tubule cells ultrastructure, Lectin staining, Metallothionein, PAS staining ,Water Pollutants ,Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cadmium ,PAS staining ,Kidney tubule cells ultrastructure ,Inactivation, Metabolic ,Kidney Tubules ,Sea Bream ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Staining ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Health ,Ultrastructure ,Metabolic - Abstract
The effects of an exposure to cadmium chloride 0.47 μM for 150 days were studied in kidneys of juveniles Sparus aurata by a multidisciplinary approach so to correlate uptake and detoxification potential to changes in brush border and glycocalyx sugar composition. Results demonstrated that cadmium concentration in kidney significantly increased from day 30 reaching a plateau on day 120 while metallothioneins reached a peak on day 90 and by day 120 were already decreasing to control values. Cytological damage was extensive on day 90, clearly detectable at both structural and ultrastructural levels, in tubular cells and brush-border. Staining with a panel of four lectins revealed a significant increase in N-Ac-Gal and a decrease in mannose in the glycocalyx and the tubular basal membranes. From day 120, when cadmium concentration was high and metallothionein concentration decreasing, a clear recovery was observed in tubular cells morphology and sugar composition. Possible significance of these apparently contrasting data are discussed.
- Published
- 2017
38. Unravelling the Role of Metallothionein on Development, Reproduction and Detoxification in the Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula
- Author
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Rosaria Scudiero, Palma Simoniello, Chiara Maria Motta, Mariailaria Verderame, Scudiero, Rosaria, Verderame, Mariailaria, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, and Simoniello, Palma
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Gene isoform ,in situ hybridisation ,cadmium ,Organogenesis ,Review ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Podarcis sicula metallothionein, gene expression, in situ hybridisation, embryonic development, cadmium, oogenesis, spermatogenesis ,Transcription (biology) ,Botany ,Gene expression ,Metallothionein ,Animals ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,oogenesis ,Reproduction ,Organic Chemistry ,Podarcis ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,Embryo ,Lizards ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,spermatogenesis ,Computer Science Applications ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Oviparity ,Organ Specificity ,embryonic development ,gene expression ,Podarcis sicula metallothionein ,Female - Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are an evolutionary conserved multigene family of proteins whose role was initially identified in binding essential metals. The physiological role of MT, however, has been revealed to be more complex than expected, since not only are MTs able to bind to toxic heavy metals, but many isoforms have shown specialized and alternative functions. Within this uncertainty, the information available on MTs in non-mammalian vertebrates, particularly in neglected tetrapods such as the reptiles, is even more scant. In this review, we provide a summary of the current understanding on metallothionein presence and function in the oviparous lizard Podarcis sicula, highlighting the results obtained by studying MT gene expression in most representative adult and embryonic tissues. The results demonstrate that in adults, cadmium induces MT transcription in a dose- and tissue-specific manner. Thus, the MT mRNAs appear, at least in some cases, to be an unsuitable tool for detecting environmental ion contamination. In early embryos, maternal RNAs sustain developmental needs for MT protein until organogenesis is well on its way. At this time, transcription starts, but again in a tissue- and organ-specific manner, suggesting an involvement in alternative roles. In conclusion, the spatiotemporal distribution of transcripts in adults and embryos definitively confirms that MT has deserved the title of elusive protein.
- Published
- 2017
39. Alterations in brain morphology and HSP70 expression in lizard embryos exposed to thermal stress
- Author
-
Rosaria Scudiero, Palma Simoniello, Maria Esposito, Chiara Maria Motta, Francesca Trinchella, Simoniello, Palma, Esposito, Maria Grazia, Trinchella, Francesca, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, and Scudiero, Rosaria
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,rain and eye development ,HSP70 expression ,Lizard embryo development ,Podarcis sicula HSP70 sequence ,Teratogenesis ,Thermal stress ,Embryo, Nonmammalian ,Hot Temperature ,Embryonic Development ,In situ hybridization ,Eye ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Andrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Brain and eye development, HSP70 expression, Lizard embryo development, Podarcis sicula HSP70 sequence, Teratogenesis, Thermal stress ,Stress, Physiological ,biology.animal ,Animals ,HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Cloning, Molecular ,Hsp70 expression ,Brain Chemistry ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Lizard ,Reproduction ,Podarcis ,Brain morphometry ,Temperature ,Brain ,Embryo ,Lizards ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Cold Temperature ,030104 developmental biology ,Female ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Oviparity ,Italian wall lizard - Abstract
The teratogenic effects of thermal stress were studied in the oviparous Italian wall lizard Podarcis sicula . To this purpose, the eggs were exposed to continuous or temporary cold (15 °C) or warm (30 °C) stresses and the effects were analysed at the cytological and molecular levels. The results demonstrated the lethality of the continuous regimes and of the warm temporary regime, no matter if given at early (5 days) or late (15 days) stages of development. Temporary cold stress also resulted in lethality, but only if given in the early stage; later, in fact, it resulted in an abnormal development, with marked alterations in the encephalic vesicles, in the eyes and the trunk organs. By in situ hybridization, it was demonstrated that these alterations were often correlated with changes in HSP70 expression. In conclusion, our data indicate that Podarcis embryos have a limited potential to tolerate thermal changes, especially warm ones. The average predicted temperature increase of 2–4 °C in the next few decades could therefore represent a real threat for lizard populations living in temperate areas.
- Published
- 2016
40. Morphological and biochemical analyses of otoliths of the ice-fishChionodraco hamatusconfirm a common origin with red-blooded species
- Author
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Umberto Fascio, Chiara Maria Motta, Bice Avallone, Giuseppe Balsamo, S. Tammaro, Giuseppina Balassone, Palma Simoniello, Francesco Marmo, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, Avallone, Bice, Balassone, Giuseppina, Balsamo, Giuseppe, Fascio, U, Simoniello, P, Tammaro, Stefania, and Marmo, Francesco
- Subjects
Calbindins ,matrix protein ,Sagitta ,Calbindin ,Absorptiometry, Photon ,Trematomus ,Confocal laser scanning microscopy ,Scanning ,Matrix protein composition ,Gel electrophoresis ,Microscopy ,Microscopy, Confocal ,Ecology ,biology ,Asteriscus ,Blotting ,S100 Proteins ,Calcium-binding proteins ,Crystalline morph ,Trematomus bernacchii ,Animals ,Blotting, Western ,Calcification, Physiologic ,Calcium-Binding Proteins ,Calmodulin ,Cold Temperature ,Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ,Female ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Otolithic Membrane ,Perciformes ,S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ,Biological Evolution ,Anatomy ,Histology ,Developmental Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Biology ,Photon ,Confocal ,%22">Fish ,Western ,Electrophoresis ,Evolution ,Calcium binding protein ,Zoology ,engineering.material ,Electron ,Calcification ,Behavior and Systematics ,Chionodraco hamatus ,Absorptiometry ,Physiologic ,Polyacrylamide Gel ,Aragonite ,Original Articles ,biology.organism_classification ,engineering - Abstract
The morphology and composition of the three otoliths of the Antarctic ice-fish Chionodraco hamatus were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The composition of the sagitta, lapillus and asteriscus protein matrices was also analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western blots and confocal laser scanning microscopy to reveal the presence of and to localize the calcium-binding proteins calmodulin, calbindin and S-100. Morphological results indicated that the otoliths in this ice-fish were similar to those of Trematomus bernacchii, a red-blooded Antarctic species [B. Avallone et al. (2003) J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol. 35, 69-76], but rather different from those of other teleosts. These two Antarctic species possessed a completely vateritic asteriscus, whereas their sagitta and lapillus were made mostly of aragonite. Parallel analysis of protein patterns in C. hamatus and T. bernacchii revealed that the sagitta significantly differed from the lapillus and asteriscus in both species. The sagitta did not contain the S-100 protein and showed calmodulin and calbindin located in discontinuous or incremental zones, respectively. These results demonstrate that the otoliths of C. hamatus and T. bernacchii share more resemblances than differences and support the idea of a common origin of these species.
- Published
- 2009
41. Structural and functional changes in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) skeletal muscle after cadmium exposure
- Author
-
Bice Avallone, Chiara Maria Motta, Patrizia Cretì, Raimondo Cerciello, Raffaele Panzuto, Claudio Agnisola, Palma Simoniello, Avallone, Bice, Agnisola, Claudio, Cerciello, Raimondo, Panzuto, Raffaele, Simoniello, Palma, Cretì, Patrizia, and Motta, CHIARA MARIA
- Subjects
Fish Proteins ,Male ,Sarcomeres ,Cations, Divalent ,Behavioral tests ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Behavioral test ,Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ,Danio ,Cadmium ,Lectins ,Toxicity ,Ucrit ,Ultrastructure ,Cell Biology ,Toxicology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Mitochondrion ,Bioinformatics ,Sarcomere ,Article ,Aquaculture ,medicine ,Animals ,Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Zebrafish ,Swimming ,Glycoproteins ,biology ,Behavior, Animal ,business.industry ,Skeletal muscle ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,Mitochondria ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Health ,business ,Lectin ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
This report describes the alterations induced by an environmentally realistic concentration of cadmium in skeletal muscle fibre organization, composition, and function in the teleost zebrafish. Results demonstrate that the ion induces a significant quantitative and qualitative deterioration, disrupting sarcomeric pattern and altering glycoprotein composition. These events, together with a mitochondrial damage, result in a significant reduction in swimming performance. In conclusion, the evidence here collected indicate that in presence of an environmental cadmium contamination, important economic (yields in fisheries/aquaculture), consumer health (fish is an important source of proteins), and ecological (reduced fitness due to reduced swimming performance) consequences can be expected.
- Published
- 2015
42. Cadmium effects on the retina of adult Danio rerio
- Author
-
Chiara Maria Motta, Bice Avallone, Raimondo Cerciello, Roberta Crispino, Palma Simoniello, Raffaele Panzuto, Avallone, Bice, Roberta, Crispino, Cerciello, Raimondo, Palma, Simoniello, Raffaele, Panzuto, and Motta, CHIARA MARIA
- Subjects
genetic structures ,Danio ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Retina ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Metallothionein ,Animals ,Zebrafish ,Vision, Ocular ,Cadmium ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Toxicity ,Behavior, Animal ,Retinal ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Regenerative process ,TEM ,Cell biology ,Microscopy, Electron ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Environmental Pollutants ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
The aim of this work is to describe the effects of cadmium pollution on the vision of adult zebrafish, Danio rerio. Retinal morpho-cytological alterations were investigated by light and electron microscopy, while the functionality of cadmium-exposed retinae was assessed by re-illumination behavioral tests with white or colored light. Our results demonstrate that cadmium toxicity causes significant degeneration and loss of organization at both macro and microscopic levels. These alterations impair functional responses particularly through an increase in light sensitivity. Metallothioneins were not seen to be up-regulated, while the recovery of visual acuity is due to a regenerative process by Mu¨ ller cells.
- Published
- 2014
43. EFFECTIVENESS OF VACUUM DEVICES FOR HOME STORAGE OF RAINBOW TROUTS FROM GAME FISHING LAKES
- Author
-
Floriana Boscaino, Valentina Acierno, Paola Saggese, Rosaria Cozzolino, Chiara Maria Motta, Alida Sorrentino, Floriana, Boscaino, Valentina, Acierno, Paola, Saggese, Rosaria, Cozzolino, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, and Alida, Sorrentino
- Subjects
Volatile Organic Compounds ,quality ,Oncorhynchus mykiss ,spoilage ,vacuum device - Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of vacuum devices for home storage of rainbow trouts from sport fishing lakes located near Avellino, in the South of Italy. The trout were divided in two groups: one was vacuum-packaged by using a "Food Vacuum System", while the other was stored in plastic trays covered with plastic wrap. Both the fish samples were stored at 4°C for 6 days. Rainbow trout purchased in a local supermarket were used as control. The trout quality was evaluated by microbiological, chemical and sensory analyses. Fatty acids and volatile compounds were characterized by GC and SPME-GC/MS. Results proved the efficiency of the vacuum system in preserving the quality characteristics of the trout, limiting the formation of off-odors and off-flavors related to spoilage and oxidative processes.
- Published
- 2014
44. Effects of cadmium on skeletal muscles and swimming performance of Danio rerio
- Author
-
P. Simoniello, C. Agnisola, E. Uliano, C.M. Motta, Agnisola, Claudio, Uliano, Erminia, Simoniello, Palma, and Motta, CHIARA MARIA
- Subjects
Cadmium ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,biology ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Danio ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ucrit, nitrogen excretion, glycogen distribution, muscle fibers resorbtion ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Endocrinology ,stomatognathic system ,chemistry ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Myofibril ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 - Abstract
This study describes the physiological and cytological effects of an environmentally realistic concentration of cadmium on muscles organization and swimming performance of Danio rerio. Results indicate that the ion reduces the Ucrit and that this effects is probably related to the resorbtion of myofibrils observed in red and white muscles.
- Published
- 2011
45. Effects of clomiphene citrate on early pregnancy in guinea-pigs
- Author
-
J. S. M. Hutchinson, C. M. Motta, Motta, CHIARA MARIA, and Hutchinson, Js
- Subjects
Embryology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Guinea Pigs ,Uterus ,Ovary ,Biology ,Clomiphene ,Andrology ,Endocrinology ,Corpus Luteum ,Pregnancy ,Clomifene ,Internal medicine ,Luteolysis ,medicine ,Animals ,Progesterone ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Resorption ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,In utero ,Embryo Loss ,Pregnancy, Animal ,Female ,Infertility, Female ,Corpus luteum ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Clomiphene citrate (2 mg/kg body wt) given on the day of mating can block or interrupt pregnancy in guinea-pigs. Corpus luteum function, uterine histology, implantation and embryo development were studied in clomiphene-treated and control animals on Days 5, 9 and 20 of pregnancy. Following treatment, only 25% of the females were regularly pregnant, presenting large and healthy foetuses. The other females examined showed either pregnancy with embryos undergoing resorption or no sign of pregnancy. In these females, corpus luteum size was reduced, progesterone concentrations were very low and the endometrial glands and the epithelium were often altered. It is concluded that clomiphene causes a reduction in fertility by altering the uterus and, by directly or indirectly inducing luteolysis, causes later pregnancy loss.
- Published
- 1991
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