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3 results on '"MESH : Camels"'

1. The EmsB tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite: a new tool to investigate genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato

Author

Bruno Gottstein, Renaud Piarroux, M. C. Benchikh-Elfegoun, I. Colovic, S. Ma, Karen Luisa Haag, Jenny Knapp, S. Maillard, Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe ( IODE ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation ( LEGS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), The Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( CASIA ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques ( IP-TPT ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) -Service de Santé des Armées-Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Millon, Laurence, Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe (IODE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
MESH : Algeria, MESH : Genotype, MESH: DNA, Helminth, MESH : Romania, MESH : Microsatellite Repeats, MESH : Echinococcosis, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, 030308 mycology & parasitology, MESH: Genotype, MESH: Dogs, MESH : Dogs, MESH : Mauritania, MESH : Cattle, MESH : DNA, Helminth, Genotype, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, Echinococcus granulosus, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, Mauritania, MESH: Camels, DNA, Helminth, Echinococcosis, MESH: China, 3. Good health, MESH: Cattle, Microsatellite, MESH : Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Algeria, Serbia, Brazil, MESH: Mauritania, Microbiology (medical), China, Camelus, MESH: Sheep, MESH : Sheep, Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Romania, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, Dogs, Sensu, MESH : Genetic Variation, Genetic variation, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH : Brazil, MESH : China, MESH : Cluster Analysis, Genotyping, MESH : Serbia, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Genetic diversity, Sheep, MESH: Humans, MESH : Camels, Romania, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Humans, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Serbia, Evolutionary biology, Algeria, Cattle, Parasitology, MESH: Microsatellite Repeats, MESH : Animals, MESH: Brazil, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread and severe zoonotic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of the eucestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. The polymorphism exhibited by nuclear and mitochondrial markers conventionally used for the genotyping of different parasite species and strains does not reach the level necessary for the identification of genetic variants linked to restricted geographical areas. EmsB is a tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite that proved its usefulness for the study of genetic polymorphisms within the species E. multilocularis , the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis. In the present study, EmsB was used to characterize E. granulosus sensu lato samples collected from different host species (sheep, cattle, dromedaries, dogs, and human patients) originating from six different countries (Algeria, Mauritania, Romania, Serbia, Brazil, and the People's Republic of China). The conventional mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 markers identified genotypes G1, G3, G5, G6, and G7, which are clustered into three groups corresponding to the species E. granulosus sensu stricto, E. ortleppi , and E. canadensis . With the same samples, EmsB provided a higher degree of genetic discrimination and identified variations that correlated with the relatively small-scale geographic origins of the samples. In addition, one of the Brazilian single hydatid cysts presented a hybrid genotypic profile that suggested genetic exchanges between E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. ortleppi . In summary, the EmsB microsatellite exhibits an interesting potential for the elaboration of a detailed map of the distribution of genetic variants and therefore for the determination and tracking of the source of CE.

Published
2009

2. Tetrameric and homodimeric camelid IgGs originate from the same IgH locus

Author

Pierre Lafaye, Patricia Cavelier, Ikbel Achour, François Rougeon, Christiane Bouchier, Magali Tichit, Génétique et Biochimie du Développement, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier ( IGMM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Génomique (Plate-Forme), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique (Plate-Forme) - Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
MESH: Immunoglobulins, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, MESH: Base Sequence, MESH : Immunoglobulins, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Animals, MESH: Phylogeny, Peptide sequence, Phylogeny, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, B-Lymphocytes, biology, MESH : Amino Acid Sequence, MESH: Camels, MESH : Protein Binding, Translocon, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH : Dimerization, Cosmid, MESH: Camelids, New World, Antibody, Camelids, New World, Dimerization, Protein Binding, Camelus, MESH : Cell Membrane, Immunology, Molecular Sequence Data, Immunoglobulins, [ SDV.IMM.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, MESH : B-Lymphocytes, 03 medical and health sciences, Complementary DNA, MESH: B-Lymphocytes, medicine, MESH: Protein Binding, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, Gene, B cell, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, MESH : Camels, Base Sequence, Cell Membrane, MESH : Phylogeny, [SDV.IMM.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, Molecular biology, MESH : Camelids, New World, Chromosome 4, MESH: Dimerization, biology.protein, MESH : Base Sequence, MESH : Animals, 030215 immunology, MESH: Cell Membrane
Abstract

In addition to producing conventional tetrameric IgGs, camelids have the particularity of producing a functional homodimeric IgG type lacking L (light) chains and only made up of two H (heavy) chains. This nonconventional IgG type is characterized by variable and constant regions referred to as VHH and CHH, respectively, and which differ from conventional VH and CH counterparts. Although the structural properties of homodimeric IgGs have been well investigated, the genetic bases involved in their generation are still largely unknown. In this study, we characterized the organization of genes coding for the H chains of tetrameric and homodimeric IgGs by constructing an alpaca (Lama pacos) genomic cosmid library. We showed that a single IgH locus in alpaca chromosome 4 contains all of the genetic elements required for the generation of the two types of Igs. The alpaca IgH locus is composed of a V region that contains both VHH and VH genes followed by a unique DH-JH cluster and C region genes, which include both CHH and CH genes. Although this general gene organization greatly resembles that of other typical mammalian Vn-Dn-Jn-Cn translocon IgH loci, the intermixed gene organization within the alpaca V and C regions reveals a new type of translocon IgH locus. Furthermore, analyses of cDNA coding for the membrane forms of IgG and IgM present in alpaca peripheral blood B cells are most consistent with the notion that the development of a B cell bearing homodimeric IgG passes through an IgM+ stage, similar to the case for conventional IgG.

Published
2008
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3. Taxonomic position and geographical distribution of the common sheep G1 and camel G6 strains of Echinococcus granulosus in three African countries

Author

Jean-Mathieu Bart, P. Koskei, Renaud Piarroux, S. Maillard, Jenny Knapp, M. C. Benchikh-Elfegoun, Bruno Gottstein, Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe (IODE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe ( IODE ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques ( IP-TPT ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ) -Service de Santé des Armées-Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Millon, Laurence, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
MESH : Algeria, MESH : Classification, MESH : Echinococcosis, MESH: Echinococcus granulosus, Animal Diseases, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Demography, MESH : Mauritania, MESH: Animals, Echinococcus granulosus, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, 630 Agriculture, Phylogenetic tree, biology, MESH : Animal Diseases, Mauritania, MESH: Camels, General Medicine, Classification, MESH: Classification, Infectious Diseases, Taxonomy (biology), MESH: Algeria, MESH : Ethiopia, MESH: Mauritania, MESH : Demography, Camelus, 030231 tropical medicine, Cestoda, Zoology, MESH: Sheep, MESH: Ethiopia, Bovidae, MESH : Sheep, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Echinococcosis, Echinococcosis, Phylogenetics, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, Helminths, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Demography, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Sheep, MESH: Humans, General Veterinary, MESH : Camels, MESH : Echinococcus granulosus, MESH : Humans, MESH : Phylogeny, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Animal Diseases, Echinococcus, Algeria, Insect Science, Parasitology, Ethiopia, MESH : Animals
Abstract

International audience; The taxonomic and phylogenetic status of Echinococcus granulosus strains are still controversial and under discussion. In the present study, we investigated the genetic polymorphism of E. granulosus isolates originating from three countries of Africa, including a region of Algeria, where the common G1 sheep and the camel G6 strains coexist sympatrically. Seventy-one hydatid cysts were collected from sheep, cattle, camels, and humans. Two mitochondrial markers (cox1 and nad1) were used for strain identification. Two nuclear markers (actII and hbx2) were used to study the possible occurrence of cross-fertilization. Despite the heterogeneity observed among the G1 isolates, they were all localized within one robust cluster. A second strong cluster was also observed containing all of the G6 isolates. Both strains appeared as two distinct groups, and no cases of interbreeding were found. Thus, the attribution of a species rank can be suggested. We also found the Tasmanian sheep G2 strain for the first time in Africa. Because of the slight variations observed between the common sheep and the Tasmanian sheep strains, further studies should be carried out to elucidate the epidemiological relevance of this genetic discrimination.

Published
2007
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