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30 results on '"MESH: Sepsis"'

1. Liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: Pre‐transplant does not predict the early post‐transplant outcome

Author: Yasmina Chouik, Claire Francoz, Eleonora De Martin, Olivier Guillaud, Armand Abergel, Mario Altieri, Louise Barbier, Camille Besch, Olivier Chazouillères, Filomena Conti, Christophe Corpechot, Sébastien Dharancy, François Durand, Christophe Duvoux, Jean Gugenheim, Jean Hardwigsen, Marie‐Noëlle Hilleret, Pauline Houssel‐Debry, Nassim Kamar, Anne Minello, Martine Neau‐Cransac, Georges‐Philippe Pageaux, Sylvie Radenne, Olivier Roux, Faouzi Saliba, Didier Samuel, Claire Vanlemmens, Marie‐Lorraine Woehl‐Jaegle, Vincent Leroy, Jean‐Charles Duclos‐Vallée, Jérôme Dumortier, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Clinique de la Sauvegarde [Lyon], CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Côte de Nacre [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Les Hôptaux universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), CHU Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil], Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'organes [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Urologie - Néphrologie - Dialyse - Transplantations - Brûlés - Chirurgie plastique - Explorations fonctionnelles et physiologiques [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Fondation Léon Bouchut
Subjects: early infection, MESH: Liver Transplantation, immunosuppression, MESH: Humans, Hepatology, MESH: Hepatitis, Autoimmune, fulminant hepatitis, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, survival, sepsis, MESH: Massive Hepatic Necrosis, MESH: Female, MESH: Sepsis
Abstract: Background and aims: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare indication (
Published: 2023

2. Multicenter Evaluation of the FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 Panel for Pathogen Detection in Bloodstream Infections

Author: François Caméléna, Gauthier Péan de Ponfilly, Hélène Pailhoriès, Lucas Bonzon, Alexandre Alanio, Thibaut Poncin, Matthieu Lafaurie, François Dépret, Emmanuel Cambau, Sylvain Godreuil, Rachel Chenouard, Alban Le Monnier, Hervé Jacquier, Béatrice Berçot, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpitaux Universitaire Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph (hpsj), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Université d'Angers (UA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut de Biologie en Santé (PHB-IRIS) [CHU Angers] (IBS), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Université Paris-Saclay, Centre hospitalier Saint-Joseph [Paris], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Saint-Louis], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, This study was supported by bioMérieux (Marcy L’Etoile, France), which providedconsumables. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, ormanuscript preparation.F.C. received lecture fees from bioMérieux. F.D. received lecture fees from bioMérieuxand Sedana and grants from European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Société Françaised’Anesthésie Reanimation, and the French Ministry of Research. A.A. received lecture feesand travel grants from Gilead Sciences and Pfizer and received grants from AgenceNationale de la Recherche. All other authors report no conflicts of interest., and bioMérieux (Marcy L’Etoile, France)European Society of Intensive Care MedicineSociété Française d’Anesthésie ReanimationFrench Ministry of Research. Gilead SciencesPfizerAgence Nationale de la Recherche
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), BCID2, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, FilmArray, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], bloodstream infection, MESH: Blood Culture, BSI, MESH: Gram-Positive Bacteria, sepsis, Biofire, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, resistance gene, MESH: Gram-Negative Bacteria, molecular diagnosis, Genetics, MESH: Bacteremia, MESH: Sepsis, rapid diagnosis, genotypic identification, MESH: Humans, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Cell Biology, MESH: Bacteria, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; The FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 panel (BCID2; bioMérieux) is a fully automated PCR-based assay for identifying bacteria, fungi, and bacterial resistance markers in positive blood cultures (BC) in about 1 h. In this multicenter study, we evaluated the performance of the BCID2 panel for pathogen detection in positive BC. Conventional culture and BCID2 were performed in parallel at four tertiary-care hospitals. We included 152 positive BC-130 monomicrobial and 22 polymicrobial cultures-in this analysis. The BCID2 assay correctly identified 90% (88/98) of Gram-negative and 89% (70/79) of Gram-positive bacteria. Five bacterial isolates targeted by the BCID2 panel and recovered from five positive BC, including three polymicrobial cultures, were missed by the BCID2 assay. Fifteen isolates were off-panel organisms, accounting for 8% (15/182) of the isolates obtained from BC. The mean positive percent agreement between the BCID2 assay and standard culture was 97% (95% confidence interval, 95 to 99%), with agreement ranging from 67% for Candida albicans to 100% for 17 targets included in the BCID2 panel. BCID2 also identified the blaCTX-M gene in seven BC, including one for which no extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolate was obtained in culture. However, it failed to detect ESBL-encoding genes in three BC. Two of the 18 mecA/C genes detected by the BCID2 were not confirmed. No carbapenemase, mecA/C, or MREJ targets were detected. The median turnaround time was significantly shorter for BCID2 than for culture. The BCID2 panel may facilitate faster pathogen identification in bloodstream infections. IMPORTANCE Rapid molecular diagnosis combining the identification of pathogens and the detection of antibiotic resistance genes from positive blood cultures (BC) can improve the outcome for patients with bloodstream infections. The FilmArray BCID2 panel, an updated version of the original BCID, can detect 11 Gram-positive bacteria, 15 Gram-negative bacteria, 7 fungal pathogens, and 10 antimicrobial resistance genes directly from a positive BC. Here, we evaluated the real-life microbiological performance of the BCID2 assay in comparison to the results of standard methods used in routine practice at four tertiary care hospitals.
Published: 2023

3. Listeria monocytogenes, a model in infection biology

Author: Marc Lecuit, Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence Listeria - National Reference Center Listeria (CNRL), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS Listeria / WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria (CC-OMS / WHO-CC), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Université de Paris (UP), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Agence Nationale de la RechercheH2020 European Research CouncilInsermInstitut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Listeria, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Cellular microbiology, Context (language use), Biology, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Listeria monocytogenes, Microbiology, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Infection biology, Listeria monocytogenes, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Sepsis, Virology, cell biology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Listeriosis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Food Microbiology, MESH: Mice, MESH: Sepsis, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, biology, animal model, pathogenesis, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Outbreak, Meningoencephalitis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, infection, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Listeriosis, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Food Microbiology, Identification (biology), [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a systemic infection which manifests as bacteremia, often complicated by meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly, and fetal-placental infection in pregnant women. It has emerged over the past decades as a major foodborne pathogen, responsible for numerous outbreaks in Western countries, and more recently in Africa. L. monocytogenes' pathogenic properties have been studied in detail, thanks to concomitant advances in biological sciences, in particular molecular biology, cell biology and immunology. L. monocytogenes has also been instrumental to basic advances in life sciences. L. monocytogenes therefore stands both a tool to understand biology and a model in infection biology. This review briefly summarises the clinical and some of the pathophysiological features of listeriosis. In the context of this special issue, it highlights some of the major discoveries made by Pascale Cossart in the fields of molecular and cellular microbiology since the mid-eighties regarding the identification and characterisation of multiple bacterial and host factors critical to L. monocytogenes pathogenicity. It also briefly summarises some of the key findings from our laboratory on this topic over the past years.
Published: 2020

4. Using SNOMED-CT to Help the Transition from Microbiological Data to ICD-10 Sepsis Codes

Author: Ternois, Iris, Billard-Pomares, Typhaine, Carbonelle, Etienne, Franchinard, Loriane, Duclos, Catherine, Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Médecine Fœtale [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and duclos, catherine
Subjects: MESH: Humans, Medical coding, MESH: Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine, [INFO.INFO-CL] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, International Classification of Diseases, Sepsis, Humans, Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Sepsis, [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], MESH: International Classification of Diseases
Abstract: International audience; Assigning ICD-10 code of sepsis in regard of a pathogenic bacterium found in an haemoculture requires knowledge of microbiology because of the difference of granularity. The aim of this paper is to automate this coding thanks to the use of SNOMED-CT. A dichotomous classification of bacteria causing sepsis has been generated in respect of ICD-10. Our algorithm follows this and explores SNOMED-CT to assign the right ICD-10 code of the sepsis. Applied to a list of 164 bacteria, the system has an error rate of 1.22 %.
Published: 2019

5. A novel paradigm links mitochondrial dysfunction with muscle stem cell impairment in sepsis

Author: Franck Verdonk, Fabrice Chrétien, Miria Ricchetti, Clément Crochemore, Pierre Rocheteau, Laurent Chatre, Cellules Souches et Développement / Stem Cells and Development, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Anesthésie réanimation [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur [Paris], TRial Group for Global Evaluation and Research in SEPsis (TRIGGERSEP), Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, This work was supported by Institut Pasteur and CNRS funding (UMR 3525 and UMR 3738)., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Inflammation, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Inflammation, Mitochondrion, Biology, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, DNA, Mitochondrial, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Muscle stem cells, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, MESH: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Muscle Strength, Myopathy, Molecular Biology, MESH: Sepsis, MESH: Humans, MESH: Muscle Strength, Mesenchymal stem cell, MESH: DNA, Mitochondrial, MESH: Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, Muscle weakness, Skeletal muscle, MESH: Mitochondria, Muscle, medicine.disease, Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondria, Muscle, 3. Good health, Mitochondria, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Immunology, Molecular Medicine, Mesenchymal stem cells, medicine.symptom, Stem cell
Abstract: International audience; Sepsis is an acute systemic inflammatory response of the body to microbial infection and a life threatening condition associated with multiple organ failure. Survivors may display long-term disability with muscle weakness that remains poorly understood. Recent data suggest that long-term myopathy in sepsis survivors is due to failure of skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) to regenerate the muscle. Satellite cells impairment in the acute phase of sepsis is linked to unusual mitochondrial dysfunctions, characterized by a dramatic reduction of the mitochondrial mass and hyperactivity of residual organelles. Survivors maintain the impairment of satellite cells, including alterations of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), in the long-term. This condition can be rescued by treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that restore mtDNA alterations and mitochondrial function in satellite cells, and in fine their regenerative potential. Injection of MSCs in turn increases the force of isolated muscle fibers and of the whole animal, and improves the survival rate. These effects occur in the context of reduced inflammation markers that also raised during sepsis. Targeting muscle stem cells mitochondria, in a context of reduced inflammation, may represent a valuable strategy to reduce morbidity and long-term impairment of the muscle upon sepsis.
Published: 2017

6. Early expansion of circulating granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells predicts development of nosocomial infections in septic patients

Author: Uhel, Fabrice, Azzaoui, Imane, Grégoire, Murielle, Pangault, Céline, Dulong, Joelle, Tadié, Jean-Marc, Gacouin, Arnaud, Camus, Christophe, Cynober, Luc, Fest, Thierry, Le Tulzo, Yves, Roussel, Mikael, Tarte, Karin, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] ( CIC ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Microenvironment, Cell Differentiation, Immunology and Cancer ( MICMAC ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Etablissement français du sang [Rennes] ( EFS Bretagne ), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service d’immunologie, de thérapie cellulaire et d’hématopoïèse, Prévention et traitement de la perte protéique musculaire en situation de résistance à l'anabolisme ( PRETRRAM - EA 4466 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Service de biochimie et de génétique moléculaire [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Research grant from the French Intensive Care Society / Société de Réanimation de Langue Française (FICS/SRLF), Research grant from the National Institute of Cancer and Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins Ministère de la Santé (Projet Recherche Translationnelle 2010), Research grant from the Comité de la Recherche Translationnelle (CORECT), Rennes University Hospital, UHEL, Fabrice, Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Microenvironment, Cell Differentiation, Immunology and Cancer (MICMAC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Etablissement français du sang [Rennes] (EFS Bretagne), Prévention et traitement de la perte protéique musculaire en situation de résistance à l'anabolisme (PRETRRAM - EA 4466), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: immune tolerance, MESH : monocytes, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MDSC, [SDV.BC.IC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, infections nosocomiales, choc septique, [ SDV.BC.IC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], sepsis, MESH: immune tolerance, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], nosocomial infections, polynucléaires neutrophiles, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH : granulocytes, MESH: granulocytes, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, MESH: Sepsis, [ SDV.IMM.II ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH: monocytes, cytométrie en flux, flow cytometry, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, granulocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cross infection, MESH: cross infection, MESH : immune tolerance, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, septic shock, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Sepsis, MESH : cross infection, monocytes, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Rationale - Sepsis induces a sustained immune dysfunction responsible for poor outcome and nosocomial infections. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) described in cancer and inflammatory processes may be involved in sepsis-induced immune suppression, but their clinical impact remains poorly defined.Objectives - To clarify phenotype, suppressive activity, origin, and clinical impact of MDSCs in patients with sepsis.Methods - Peripheral blood transcriptomic analysis was performed on 29 patients with sepsis and 15 healthy donors. A second cohort of 94 consecutive patients with sepsis, 11 severity-matched intensive care patients, and 67 healthy donors was prospectively enrolled for flow cytometry and functional experiments.Measurements and main results - Genes involved in MDSC suppressive functions, including S100A12, S100A9, MMP8, and ARG1, were up-regulated in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis. CD14HLA-DR monocytic (M)-MDSCs were expanded in intensive care unit patients with and without sepsis and CD14CD15 low-density granulocytes/granulocytic (G)-MDSCs were more specifically expanded in patients with sepsis (P Conclusions - M-MDSCs and G-MDSCs strongly contribute to T-cell dysfunction in patients with sepsis. More specifically, G-MDSCs producing arginase 1 are associated with a higher incidence of nosocomial infections and seem to be major actors of sepsis-induced immune suppression.
Published: 2017

7. Heme drives hemolysis-induced susceptibility to infection via disruption of phagocyte functions

Author: Giulio Superti-Furga, Anna-Dorothea Gorki, Philipp Starkl, Stefan Kubicek, Keiryn L. Bennett, Michael C. Aichinger, Kilian Huber, Branka Radic-Sarikas, Rui Martins, Kari Vaahtomeri, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Ana Korosec, Omar Sharif, Thomas Decker, Stephanie C. Eisenbarth, Michael Sixt, Markus Brown, Harald Esterbauer, Sylvia Knapp, Riem Gawish, Jacques Colinge, Michelle Duggan, Karin Lakovits, Federica Quattrone, Charles-Hugues Lardeau, Simona Saluzzo, Anastasiya Hladik, Julia Maier, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), and CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Phagocyte, MESH: Mice, Knockout, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, MESH: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Immunology and Allergy, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, MESH: RAW 264.7 Cells, MESH: Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, MESH: Animals, MESH: Immune Evasion, Cytoskeleton, cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, MESH: Phagocytosis, Heme, MESH: Sepsis, Mice, Knockout, Quinine, MESH: Heme Oxygenase-1, MESH: Hemolysis, Hemolysis, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Heme, Female, Guanine nucleotide exchange factor, MESH: Membrane Proteins, Dock8, MESH: Quinine, Phagocytosis, Immunology, Microbiology, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, medicine, MESH: Cytoskeleton, Animals, Humans, MESH: Mice, Immune Evasion, MESH: cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, MESH: Humans, Macrophages, Membrane Proteins, MESH: Macrophages, medicine.disease, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, RAW 264.7 Cells, chemistry, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, MESH: Female, Heme Oxygenase-1, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Hemolysis drives susceptibility to bacterial infections and predicts poor outcome from sepsis. These detrimental effects are commonly considered to be a consequence of heme-iron serving as a nutrient for bacteria. We employed a Gram-negative sepsis model and found that elevated heme levels impaired the control of bacterial proliferation independently of heme-iron acquisition by pathogens. Heme strongly inhibited phagocytosis and the migration of human and mouse phagocytes by disrupting actin cytoskeletal dynamics via activation of the GTP-binding Rho family protein Cdc42 by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK8. A chemical screening approach revealed that quinine effectively prevented heme effects on the cytoskeleton, restored phagocytosis and improved survival in sepsis. These mechanistic insights provide potential therapeutic targets for patients with sepsis or hemolytic disorders.
Published: 2016

8. SpdC, a novel virulence factor, controls histidine kinase activity in Staphylococcus aureus

Author: Olivier Poupel, Sarah Dubrac, Caroline Proux, Bernd Jagla, Tarek Msadek, Biologie des Bactéries pathogènes à Gram-positif, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Transcriptome et Epigénome (PF2), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, This work was supported by funds from the Institut Pasteur (www.pasteur.fr) and CNRS (www.cnrs.fr)., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: MESH: Signal Transduction, 0301 basic medicine, Histidine Kinase, Staphylococcus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Expression, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, MESH: Virulence, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Virulence factor, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Animals, Staphylococcus Aureus, Phosphorylation, Amino Acids, lcsh:QH301-705.5, MESH: Sepsis, MESH: Bacterial Proteins, Virulence, Organic Compounds, Staphylococcal Infections, Bacterial Pathogens, Mutant Strains, Chemistry, Medical Microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus, Physical Sciences, MESH: Regulon, MESH: Histidine Kinase, Female, Pathogens, Basic Amino Acids, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Signal Transduction, Research Article, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Virulence Factors, Immunology, MESH: Staphylococcal Infections, MESH: Biofilms, DNA construction, Biology, Regulon, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cell Walls, Bacterial Proteins, Protein Domains, Sepsis, Virology, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Histidine, Gene Regulation, Amino Acid Sequence, Microbial Pathogens, MESH: Mice, Molecular Biology, Bacteria, MESH: Phosphorylation, Lysostaphin, Organic Chemistry, Histidine kinase, Autolysin, Organisms, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Cell Biology, Research and analysis methods, Molecular biology techniques, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), chemistry, Biofilms, Mutation, Plasmid Construction, MESH: Virulence factors, Parasitology, Peptidoglycan, lcsh:RC581-607, MESH: Female
Abstract: The success of Staphylococcus aureus, as both a human and animal pathogen, stems from its ability to rapidly adapt to a wide spectrum of environmental conditions. Two-component systems (TCSs) play a crucial role in this process. Here, we describe a novel staphylococcal virulence factor, SpdC, an Abi-domain protein, involved in signal sensing and/or transduction. We have uncovered a functional link between the WalKR essential TCS and the SpdC Abi membrane protein. Expression of spdC is positively regulated by the WalKR system and, in turn, SpdC negatively controls WalKR regulon genes, effectively constituting a negative feedback loop. The WalKR system is mainly involved in controlling cell wall metabolism through regulation of autolysin production. We have shown that SpdC inhibits the WalKR-dependent synthesis of four peptidoglycan hydrolases, SceD, SsaA, LytM and AtlA, as well as impacting S. aureus resistance towards lysostaphin and cell wall antibiotics such as oxacillin and tunicamycin. We have also shown that SpdC is required for S. aureus biofilm formation and virulence in a murine septicemia model. Using protein-protein interactions in E. coli as well as subcellular localization in S. aureus, we showed that SpdC and the WalK kinase are both localized at the division septum and that the two proteins interact. In addition to WalK, our results indicate that SpdC also interacts with nine other S. aureus histidine kinases, suggesting that this membrane protein may act as a global regulator of TCS activity. Indeed, using RNA-Seq analysis, we showed that SpdC controls the expression of approximately one hundred genes in S. aureus, many of which belong to TCS regulons., Author summary Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, and has become a significant worldwide health concern due to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. Like most bacteria, S. aureus adapts to its environment by adjusting its genetic expression through sensing and regulatory systems. We show here that the SpdC membrane protein is a novel virulence factor of S. aureus, controlling biofilm formation and pathogenesis. We show that SpdC interacts with the WalK histidine kinase to inhibit activity of the WalKR two-component system. SpdC also interacts with nine other histidine kinases of S. aureus, suggesting it acts as a pleiotropic global regulator.
Published: 2018

9. IL-17 Receptor Signaling Is Required to Control Polymicrobial Sepsis

Author: Fernando Q. Cunha, Bernhard Ryffel, Henrique Lemos, Fabiane Sônego, Andressa de Freitas, Tatiana Victoni, Thomas Secher, José C. Alves-Filho, Immunologie et Embryologie Moléculaires (IEM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Signal Transduction, Fever, Neutrophils, Immunology, MESH: Neutrophils, MESH: Receptors, Interleukin-17, MESH: Mice, Knockout, Sepsis, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Peritoneal cavity, 0302 clinical medicine, Il 17 receptor, Cell Movement, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, In vivo, MESH: Fever, medicine, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Animals, MESH: Cell Movement, MESH: Sepsis, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, Mice, Knockout, MESH: Cytokines, 0303 health sciences, Receptors, Interleukin-17, business.industry, High mortality, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, In vitro, 3. Good health, Mice, Inbred C57BL, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokines, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Signal transduction, business, Polymicrobial sepsis, Signal Transduction, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response resulting from the inability of the host to contain the infection locally. Previously, we demonstrated that during severe sepsis there is a marked failure of neutrophil migration to the infection site, which contributes to dissemination of infection, resulting in high mortality. IL-17 plays an important role in neutrophil recruitment. Herein, we investigated the role of IL-17R signaling in polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). It was observed that IL-17R-deficient mice, subjected to CLP-induced non-severe sepsis, show reduced neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneal cavity, spread of infection, and increased systemic inflammatory response as compared with C57BL/6 littermates. As a consequence, the mice showed an increased mortality rate. The ability of IL-17 to induce neutrophil migration was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Beside its role in neutrophil recruitment to the infection focus, IL-17 enhanced the microbicidal activity of the migrating neutrophils by a mechanism dependent on NO. Therefore, IL-17 plays a critical role in host protection during polymicrobial sepsis.
Published: 2009

10. Host and bacterial determinants of initial severity and outcome of Escherichia coli sepsis

Author: Françoise Jauréguy, C. Clec'h, Edouard Bingen, Philippe Casassus, Xavier Nassif, O. Lortholary, E. Carbonnelle, Bertrand Picard, Stéphane Bonacorsi, UFR Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine (UFR SMBH), Université Paris 13 (UP13), Pathogénie des infections systémiques (UMR_S 570), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Service d'hématologie clinique [Avicenne], Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vesin, Aurélien, UFR Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine ( UFR SMBH ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ), Pathogénie des infections systémiques ( UMR_S 570 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MESH : Virulence Factors, MESH : Escherichia coli, MESH : Host-Parasite Interactions, Antibiotics, MESH : Prospective Studies, severity, Bacteremia, sepsis, Immunopathology, Prospective Studies, MESH: Bacteremia, Prospective cohort study, MESH: Sepsis, Escherichia coli Infections, MESH : Integration Host Factors, Antibacterial agent, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Escherichia coli, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, host factors, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH : Escherichia coli Infections, outcome, MESH : Sepsis, Integration Host Factors, Microbiology (medical), Virulence Factors, medicine.drug_class, Virulence, Biology, MESH: Host-Parasite Interactions, Host-Parasite Interactions, Microbiology, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Escherichia coli, medicine, Humans, MESH: Escherichia coli Infections, MESH: Virulence Factors, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Integration Host Factors, 030306 microbiology, Septic shock, MESH : Humans, MESH : Bacteremia, medicine.disease, MESH: Prospective Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, virulence determinants
Abstract: International audience; A 1-year prospective cohort study of all episodes of Escherichia coli bacteraemia in two French university hospitals was conducted to assess simultaneously the influence of host and bacterial determinants on the initial severity and outcome of E. coli sepsis. Clinical data (community-acquired/nosocomial infection, immune status, underlying disease, primary source of infection, severity sepsis scoring and outcome), phylogenetic groups (A, B1, D and B2), nine virulence factors (VFs) (papC, papGII, papGIII, sfa/foc, hlyC, cnf1, iucC, fyuA and iroN) and the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates were investigated. All VFs except iucC were significantly more prevalent (p
Published: 2007

11. mTOR- and HIF-1 alpha-mediated aerobic glycolysis as metabolic basis for trained immunity

Author: Shih-Chin Cheng, Peter M.T. Deen, Hendrik G. Stunnenberg, Joost H.A. Martens, Jessica Quintin, Robert A. Cramer, Kelly M. Shepardson, Sadia Saeed, Rob J.W. Arts, Nagesha Appukudige Rao, Brian M. J. W. van der Veer, Cisca Wijmenga, Yang Li, Colin Logie, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Ramnik J. Xavier, Ganesh R. Manjeri, Vinod Kumar, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Daniela C. Ifrim, Mihai G. Netea, Luke A. J. O'Neill, Leo A. B. Joosten, Peter H.G.M. Willems, Ali Aghajanirefah, Aylwin Ng, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Radboud university [Nijmegen], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Trinity College Dublin, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), and Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston]
Subjects: Male, beta-Glucans, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], MESH: Monocytes, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Monocytes, Epigenesis, Genetic, ACTIVATION, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Candida albicans, INFECTION, MESH: Staphylococcus aureus, Glycolysis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Epigenesis, Genetic, PROTECTION, MACROPHAGES, MESH: Sepsis, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, MESH: beta-Glucans, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Candidiasis, Metabolic Disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 6], Staphylococcal Infections, Aerobiosis, MESH: Candidiasis, Cell biology, MESH: Glucose, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Biochemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Glycolysis, MESH: Immunologic Memory, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, MESH: Immunity, Innate, BETA-GLUCAN, EXPRESSION, Staphylococcus aureus, Secondary infection, MESH: Staphylococcal Infections, Biology, Article, MESH: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, 03 medical and health sciences, INFLAMMATION, Immunity, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Sepsis, MESH: Aerobiosis, Animals, Humans, REINFECTION, Protein kinase B, MESH: Mice, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, MESH: TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, 030304 developmental biology, Innate immune system, MESH: Humans, MESH: Candida albicans, MESH: Transcriptome, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, Immunity, Innate, MESH: Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Glucose, Anaerobic glycolysis, CELLS, INNATE IMMUNITY, NAD+ kinase, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, Transcriptome, Immunologic Memory, MESH: Female
Abstract: A BLUEPRINT of immune cell development To determine the epigenetic mechanisms that direct blood cells to develop into the many components of our immune system, the BLUEPRINT consortium examined the regulation of DNA and RNA transcription to dissect the molecular traits that govern blood cell differentiation. By inducing immune responses, Saeed et al. document the epigenetic changes in the genome that underlie immune cell differentiation. Cheng et al. demonstrate that trained monocytes are highly dependent on the breakdown of sugars in the presence of oxygen, which allows cells to produce the energy needed to mount an immune response. Chen et al. examine RNA transcripts and find that specific cell lineages use RNA transcripts of different length and composition (isoforms) to form proteins. Together, the studies reveal how epigenetic effects can drive the development of blood cells involved in the immune system. Science , this issue 10.1126/science.1251086 , 10.1126/science.1250684 , 10.1126/science.1251033
Published: 2014

12. An Atypical Clostridium Strain Related to the Clostridium botulinum Group III Strain Isolated from a Human Blood Culture

Author: Christiane Bouchier, Nathalie Faucher, Michel R. Popoff, Christelle Mazuet, Philippe Bouvet, Raymond Ruimy, Bactéries anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hôpital l'Archet, Génomique (Plate-Forme) - Genomics Platform, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), This work was supported by Institut Pasteur funding., We thank S. Kozaki for kindly providing C. botulinum D/C mosaic isolates, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Fatal Outcome, Case Reports, medicine.disease_cause, Clostridium, Fatal Outcome, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Clostridium botulinum type C, MESH: Phylogeny, MESH: Bacterial Proteins, MESH: Sepsis, Phylogeny, MESH: Clostridium botulinum type D, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: DNA, Ribosomal, biology, Strain (chemistry), 3. Good health, Housekeeping gene, MESH: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Blood, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Female, Microbiology (medical), DNA, Bacterial, Sequence analysis, Clostridium botulinum type D, Molecular Sequence Data, Clostridium botulinum type C, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, DNA, Ribosomal, Microbiology, Bacterial Proteins, Sepsis, medicine, MESH: Blood, Humans, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 16S ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, Virology, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: DNA, Bacterial, Clostridium botulinum, MESH: Female
Abstract: A nontoxigenic strain isolated from a fatal human case of bacterial sepsis was identified as a Clostridium strain from Clostridium botulinum group III, based on the phenotypic characters and 16S rRNA gene sequence, and was found to be related to the mosaic C. botulinum D/C strain according to a multilocus sequence analysis of 5 housekeeping genes.
Published: 2014

13. Transfusion-Transmitted Yersinia enterocolitica Sepsis

Author: Françoise Guinet, Alexandre Leclercq, Elisabeth Carniel, Centre National de Référence de la Peste et autres Yersinioses - National Reference Center Plague and Yersinioses (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Male, Blood transfusion, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Yersinia enterocolitica, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Transfusion Reaction, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Child, Case fatality rate, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Child, MESH: Sepsis, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Middle Aged, MESH: Yersinia Infections, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Female, medicine.symptom, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Yersinia Infections, Adolescent, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, MESH: Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Septic shock, Transfusion Reaction, MESH: Adult, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Bacterial sepsis has become the most frequent infectious complication of transfusion. Although Yersinia enterocolitica is a common enteropathogen usually causing relatively mild disease, it is nevertheless a prominent cause of life-threatening post-transfusion infection. To gain a better understanding of the clinical presentation and prognosis of this rare occurrence, we performed a systematic and detailed review of 55 published cases, which we present here after a description of the mechanisms underlying the contamination of red blood cell preparations by Y. enterocolitica. The symptoms are rapid-onset septic shock sometimes heralded by atypical symptoms, such as explosive diarrhea, with an overall fatality rate of 54.5%. Although the pathophysiology involves transfusion of preformed bacterial endotoxin, timely administration of effective antibiotics seems to improve the prognosis. Increased vigilance of the blood supply could help mitigate this transfusion hazard, although cost-effective strategies are difficult to define for this highly serious but infrequent event.
Published: 2011

14. Early rise in circulating endothelial protein C receptor correlates with poor outcome in severe sepsis

Author: Guitton, Christophe, Gérard, Nathalie, Sébille, Véronique, Bretonnière, Cédric, Zambon, Olivier, Villers, Daniel, Charreau, Béatrice, Immunointervention dans les allo et xénotransplantations, Université de Nantes (UN)-IFR26-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-ITUN, Service de Réanimation Médicale Polyvalente, Biostatistique, Recherche Clinique et Mesures Subjectives en Santé, Université de Nantes (UN), Plateforme de Biométrie, Cellule de promotion de la recherche clinique, This work was supported by grants from l'Agence de Biomédecine, La Société de Néphrologie, l'Association pour le Développement de la Réanimation (ADR, Nantes), Lilly-France. This work was also in part supported by XENOME a EU-funded Integrated Project in Life Sciences, Genomics and Biotechnology for Health (LSHBCT-2006-037377) and by a grant from la Fondation de l'Avenir (contrat ET8-498)., and Guitton, Christophe
Subjects: MESH: Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Vasculitis, MESH: Adult, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, infection, MESH: Male, severe sepsis, survival analysis, MESH: France, soluble EPCR, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Severity of Illness Index, gender, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Intensive Care Units, MESH: Sepsis, MESH: Antigens, CD, MESH: Female, MESH: Outcome Assessment (Health Care), [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, MESH: Receptors, Cell Surface
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE: The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) negatively regulates the coagulopathy and inflammatory response in sepsis. Mechanisms controlling the expression of cell-bound and circulating soluble EPCR (sEPCR) are still unclear. Moreover, the clinical impact of EPCR shedding and its potential value to predict sepsis progression and outcome remain to be established. METHODS: We investigated the time course of plasma sEPCR over the 5 first days (D) of severe sepsis in 40 patients. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed when comparing sEPCR at admission (D1) to healthy volunteers and to patients with vasculitis. We report that the kinetics profile of plasma sEPCR in patients was almost stable at the onset of sepsis with no change from D1 to D4 and then a significant decrease at D5. This pattern of release was consistently observed whatever the level of sEPCR at D1. Characteristics of patients or of infections (except Gram negative) had no or little critical influence on the sEPCR profile. However, we found that sEPCR kinetics was clearly associated with patient's outcome (D28 survival). We demonstrate that a significant but moderate (
Published: 2011

15. Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care units: Analysis of the extended prevalence of infection in intensive care unit study

Author: Irene Karampela, Annika Reintam Blaser, Peter Abel, Joel Starkopf, Małgorzata Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, ZOUJAIR SALMEN HALABI, Yannick Malledant, Sharon Micallef, Michael Kuiper, Silvia Lage, Pavel Sevcik, Nicola Petrucci, Jordi Rello, Tobias Bingold, Alvaro Rea-Neto, Pablo Monedero, Manu Malbrain, Cintia Grion, Andrew Rhodes, Vera Maravic-Stojkovic, John Frater, Marc-Michael Ventzke, Gabriele Woebker, Fernando Martinez-Sagasti, Daniela Filipescu, Marc Leone, Rowan Burnstein, Uwe Trieschmann, Dmitry Popov, Antonino GIARRATANO, Tamas Szakmany, Alain LEPAPE, Matthias Gründling, Pasquale De Negri, Thomas Berlet, Margaret Herridge, Randy Wax, Piotr Smuszkiewicz, Viktor Svigelj, Dorothy Breen, Julio César Mijangos-Méndez, Oleg Malinin, Mert Akan, Andrea Morelli, Rafael Manez, Ioana Grigoras, Jean-Louis Vincent, Service de réanimation médicale, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Kett, Dh, Azoulay, E, Echeverria, Pm, Vincent, Jl, Extended Prevalence of Infection in ICU Study Group of Investigators: tra, Cui, Ferraro, Fausto, Supporting clinical sciences, Intensive Care, Kett, DH, Echeverria, PM, Vincent, JL, Giarratano, A, and RS: FHML non-thematic output
Subjects: Candida albican, Male, Antifungal Agents, Iron metabolism Pathogenesis and modulation of inflammation [IGMD 7], Settore MED/41 - Anestesiologia, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, law.invention, Echinocandins, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, Caspofungin, law, Candida albicans, Prevalence, Antifungal Agent, 030212 general & internal medicine, Fluconazole, MESH: Sepsis, Fungemia, intensive care, Medicine(all), MESH: Aged, Cross Infection, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, fungemia, biology, Candidiasis, Middle Aged, Intensive care unit, MESH: Candidiasis, bacteremia, epidemiology, outcome assessment (health care), Aged, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Lipopeptides, Retrospective Studies, Sepsis, 3. Good health, bacteremia epidemiology fungemia intensive care outcome assessment (health care), Candidiasi, MESH: Fluconazole, Human, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Sepsi, Intensive Care Unit, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, Intensive care, medicine, Echinocandin, Intensive care medicine, education, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Candida albicans, MESH: Echinocandins, MESH: Cross Infection, MESH: Retrospective Studies, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, MESH: Antifungal Agents, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, chemistry, Bacteremia, MESH: Intensive Care Units, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: Objectives: To provide a global, up-to-date picture of the prevalence, treatment, and outcomes of Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients and compare Candida with bacterial bloodstream infection. Design: A retrospective analysis of the Extended Prevalence of Infection in the ICU Study (EPIC II). Demographic, physiological, infection-related and therapeutic data were collected. Patients were grouped as having Candida, Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and combined Candida/bacterial bloodstream infection. Outcome data were assessed at intensive care unit and hospital discharge. Setting: EPIC II included 1265 intensive care units in 76 countries. Patients: Patients in participating intensive care units on study day. Interventions: None. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS:: Of the 14,414 patients in EPIC II, 99 patients had Candida bloodstream infections for a prevalence of 6.9 per 1000 patients. Sixty-one patients had candidemia alone and 38 patients had combined bloodstream infections. Candida albicans (n = 70) was the predominant species. Primary therapy included monotherapy with fluconazole (n = 39), caspofungin (n = 16), and a polyene-based product (n = 12). Combination therapy was infrequently used (n = 10). Compared with patients with Gram-positive (n = 420) and Gram-negative (n = 264) bloodstream infections, patients with candidemia were more likely to have solid tumors (p < .05) and appeared to have been in an intensive care unit longer (14 days [range, 5-25 days], 8 days [range, 3-20 days], and 10 days [range, 2-23 days], respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant. Severity of illness and organ dysfunction scores were similar between groups. Patients with Candida bloodstream infections, compared with patients with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bloodstream infections, had the greatest crude intensive care unit mortality rates (42.6%, 25.3%, and 29.1%, respectively) and longer intensive care unit lengths of stay (median [interquartile range]) (33 days [18-44], 20 days [9-43], and 21 days [8-46], respectively); however, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Candidemia remains a significant problem in intensive care units patients. In the EPIC II population, Candida albicans was the most common organism and fluconazole remained the predominant antifungal agent used. Candida bloodstream infections are associated with high intensive care unit and hospital mortality rates and resource use. Copyright 2011 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Published: 2011

16. Experimental Meningococcal Sepsis in Congenic Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Transferrin

Author: Corinne Ruckly, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Eva Hong, Marek Szatanik, Dario Giorgini, Katarzyna Jopek, Morgan Ledroit, Marie-Anne Nicola, Ala-Eddine Deghmane, Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Imagerie Dynamique (Plate-Forme) (PFID), The work was supported exclusively by the Institut Pasteur with no external funding., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Bacterial Diseases, Viral Diseases, Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Mouse, Microarrays, Colony Count, Microbial, Gene Expression, lcsh:Medicine, Neisseria meningitidis, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Meningococcal Infections, Mice, Molecular Cell Biology, MESH: Animals, lcsh:Science, MESH: Sepsis, Animal Management, chemistry.chemical_classification, Inhalation Exposure, Mice, Inbred BALB C, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Cytokines, Multidisciplinary, Transferrin, Acute-phase protein, Brain, Agriculture, Animal Models, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Pathogens, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Influenza A virus, MESH: Survival Analysis, Medicine, Cytokines, MESH: Inhalation Exposure, Transgenic Animals, Injections, Intraperitoneal, MESH: Transferrin, MESH: Injections, Intraperitoneal, Research Article, MESH: Mice, Transgenic, MESH: Influenza A virus, Congenic, MESH: Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Transgenic, Biology, Meningococcal disease, Microbiology, MESH: Neisseria meningitidis, Sepsis, Mice, Congenic, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, Model Organisms, Immune system, MESH: Mice, Congenic, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Mice, MESH: Colony Count, Microbial, 030304 developmental biology, Innate immune system, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, Computational Biology, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Influenza, Meningococcal Infections, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, Immunology, Meningoccal Septicemia, lcsh:Q
Abstract: International audience; Severe meningococcal sepsis is still of high morbidity and mortality. Its management may be improved by an experimental model allowing better understanding of its pathophysiology. We developed an animal model of meningococcal sepsis in transgenic BALB/c mice expressing human transferrin. We studied experimental meningococcal sepsis in congenic transgenic BALB/c mice expressing human transferrin by transcriptional profiling using microarray analysis of blood and brain samples. Genes encoding acute phase proteins, chemokines and cytokines constituted the largest strongly regulated groups. Dynamic bioluminescence imaging further showed high blood bacterial loads that were further enhanced after a primary viral infection by influenza A virus. Moreover, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-3 (IRAK-3) was induced in infected mice. IRAK-3 is a negative regulator of Toll-dependant signaling and its induction may impair innate immunity and hence result in an immunocompromised state allowing bacterial survival and systemic spread during sepsis. This new approach should enable detailed analysis of the pathophysiology of meningococcal sepsis and its relationships with flu infection.
Published: 2011

17. Diagnostic performance of fractional excretion of urea in the evaluation of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a multicenter cohort study

Author: Laurent Brochard, Benoit Schlemmer, Yves Cohen, François Vincent, Fabrice Zeni, Frédéric Gonzalez, Vincent Das, Frédérique Schortgen, Gilles Bernardin, Michael Darmon, Jean Dellamonica, Service de réanimation polyvalente, urgences, CHU Saint-Etienne-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Groupe de recherche sur la thrombose (GRT (EA 3065)), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale [Avicenne], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de réanimation médicale, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], INSERM U955, équipe 13, Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospital (HUG)-Geneva University Hospital (HUG)-Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Financial support consisted of a grant from the Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (CRC 07 011), a nonprofit, government-funded organization., Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and BMC, Ed.
Subjects: Male, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine.medical_treatment, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, urologic and male genital diseases, Gastroenterology, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Urea, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, MESH: Sepsis, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, Acute kidney injury, Acute Kidney Injury, Middle Aged, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, Intensive Care Units, acute tubular necrosis, MESH: Critical Illness, Female, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Hemodynamics, Fractional excretion of sodium, Critical Illness, MESH: Acute Kidney Injury, Sepsis, Excretion, fractional excretion of sodium, 03 medical and health sciences, Predictive Value of Tests, acute kidney failure, Internal medicine, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, MESH: Diuretics, Intensive care medicine, Acute tubular necrosis, MESH: Urea, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, urogenital system, Research, Hemodynamics, MESH: Biological Markers, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, medicine.disease, diuretics, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, sensitivity and specificity, ICU, MESH: Intensive Care Units, Diuretic, business, MESH: Female, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; INTRODUCTION: Several factors, including diuretic use and sepsis, interfere with the fractional excretion of sodium, which is used to distinguish transient from persistent acute kidney injury (AKI). These factors do not affect the fractional excretion of urea (FeUrea). However, there are conflicting data on the diagnostic accuracy of FeUrea. METHODS: We conducted an observational, prospective, multicenter study at three ICUs in university hospitals. Unselected patients, except those with obstructive AKI, were admitted to the participating ICUs during a six-month period. Transient AKI was defined as AKI caused by renal hypoperfusion and reversal within three days. The results are reported as medians (interquartile ranges). RESULTS: A total of 203 patients were included. According to our definitions, 67 had no AKI, 54 had transient AKI and 82 had persistent AKI. FeUrea was 39% (28 to 40) in the no-AKI group, 41% (29 to 54) in the transient AKI group and 32% (22 to 51) in the persistent AKI group (P = 0.12). FeUrea was of little help in distinguishing transient AKI from persistent AKI, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve being 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.49 to 0.70; P = 0.06). Sensitivity was 63% and specificity was 54% with a cutoff of 35%. In the subgroup of patients receiving diuretics, the results were similar. CONCLUSIONS: FeUrea may be of little help in distinguishing transient AKI from persistent AKI in critically ill patients, including those receiving diuretic therapy. Additional studies are needed to evaluate alternative markers or strategies to differentiate transient from persistent AKI.
Published: 2011

18. Severe Plasmodium malariae malaria in a patient with multiple susceptibility genes

Author: Sandrine Houzé, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Jean-Paul Mira, Pascal Houzé, Laurence Millon, Olivier Barbot, Jean-François Faucher, Fabrice Bruneel, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de réanimation [CH Versailles], Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), urgences médicales, CHU J Minjoz Besançon, Ministère de la santé, Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), réanimation chirurgicale, CH Versailles, Institut Cochin ( UMR_S567 / UMR 8104 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )
Subjects: Male, MESH : Polymorphism, Genetic, Plasmodium malariae, Disease, MESH : Malaria, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Severity of Illness Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Polymorphism (computer science), MESH : Plasmodium malariae, MESH : Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Sepsis, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH: Plasmodium malariae, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, MESH: Genetic Testing, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, MESH : Sequence Analysis, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, General Medicine, MESH : Adult, 3. Good health, MESH : Severity of Illness Index, MESH : Sepsis, Sequence Analysis, Adult, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Malaria, Susceptibility gene, macromolecular substances, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Sequence Analysis, MESH : Genetic Testing, MESH: Severity of Illness Index, parasitic diseases, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, Gene, Genetic testing, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, MESH: Male, Malaria, nervous system, Immunology, MESH : Genetic Predisposition to Disease, business
Abstract: International audience; We present a case of severe malaria due to Plasmodium malariae. Genetic testing showed that the patient was homozygous for five important gene polymorphisms previously shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to, and/or severity of, severe sepsis. Our case suggests that P. malariae may cause life-threatening disease, and that disease severity may be linked, at least in part, to multiple susceptibility genes.
Published: 2011

19. Enhanced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock

Author: Pierre Tattevin, Nadège Bescher, Karin Tarte, Olivier Tribut, Fabrice Uhel, Joelle Dulong, Yves Le Tulzo, Delphine Monnier, Frédéric Mourcin, Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Fonction, structure et inactivation d'ARN bactériens, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service d'Hématologie, Immunologie et de Thérapie Cellulaire (HITC), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Microenvironnement et cancer (MiCa), Hôpital Pontchaillou, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Collège des Universitaires de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (CMIT), Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) inter-régional., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], and Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, MESH: CD4 Lymphocyte Count, MESH: NF-kappa B, MESH: Flow Cytometry, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Immune tolerance, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, MESH: Sepsis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, NF-kappa B, Middle Aged, Flow Cytometry, MESH: Case-Control Studies, Shock, Septic, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Young Adult, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Adult, MESH: Shock, Septic, Inflammation, Biology, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, MESH: Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase, medicine, Humans, Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase, MESH: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, MESH: Humans, Septic shock, Monocyte, MESH: T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, MESH: Adult, HLA-DR Antigens, medicine.disease, MESH: HLA-DR Antigens, MESH: Male, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, MESH: France, Bacteremia, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, MESH: Female, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Severe sepsis results in a sustained deleterious immune dysregulation. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan catabolism, plays a pivotal role in immune tolerance and is induced during various inflammatory conditions. METHODS: Plasma samples obtained from patients with septic shock (n = 38), severe sepsis (n = 35), or sepsis (n = 10) and from healthy donors (n = 26) were analyzed for IDO activity by high-performance liquid chromatography. Lymphocyte, monocyte, and regulatory T cell counts as well as monocytic human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) expression were quantified by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD14(+) and CD14(-) fractions were assayed in vitro for spontaneous and inducible IDO expression and activity. RESULTS: IDO activity gradually increased according to sepsis severity, and septic patients who died had higher IDO activity on admission than did survivors (P = .013). Monocytes were a major source of active IDO in normal peripheral blood. The percentage and absolute number of circulating CD14(+) cells were increased in septic patients, and their monocytes remained fully able to produce functional IDO after NF-kappaB-independent interferon gamma stimulation but not through NF-kappaB-dependent Toll-like receptor engagement. CONCLUSIONS: IDO activity is increased during severe sepsis and septic shock and is associated with mortality. IDO production could be used to better characterize monocyte reprogramming in sepsis.
Published: 2010

20. Randomized trial evaluating serial protein C levels in severe sepsis patients treated with variable doses of drotrecogin alfa (activated)

Author: Andrew F Shorr, Jonathan M Janes, Antonio Artigas, Jyrki Tenhunen, Duncan LA Wyncoll, Emmanuelle Mercier, Bruno Francois, Jean-Louis Vincent, Burkhard Vangerow, Darell Heiselman, Amy G Leishman, Yajun E Zhu, Konrad Reinhart, for the RESPOND Investigators, BMC, Ed., Washington Hospital Center, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Critical Care Center, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)-Sabadell Hospital, Critical Care Medicine Research Group, Tampere University Hospital, Adult Intensive Care Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Hôpital Bretonneau-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Limoges (CIC1435), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Limoges, Service de Réanimation Polyvalente [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Department of Intensive Care, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Eli Lilly and Company provided financial support for this study, and funded the article-processing charge, the RESPOND investigators, Sabadell Hospital-Autonomous University of Barcelona, CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau
Subjects: Male, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Gastroenterology, law.invention, MESH: Recombinant Proteins, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Biological Markers -- blood, MESH: Double-Blind Method, MESH: Sepsis, MESH: Treatment Outcome, MESH: Aged, MESH: Middle Aged, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Female, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, macromolecular substances, MESH: Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Administration Schedule, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Pharmacotherapy, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Septic shock, Drotrecogin alfa, Research, Organ dysfunction, MESH: Biological Markers, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Surgery, Clinical trial, Protein C -- administration & dosage -- metabolism, Recombinant Proteins -- administration & dosage, Sepsis -- blood -- drug therapy, 030228 respiratory system, nervous system, business, MESH: Female, Protein C, MESH: Protein C
Abstract: Serial alterations in protein C levels appear to correlate with disease severity in patients with severe sepsis, and it may be possible to tailor severe sepsis therapy with the use of this biomarker. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose and duration of drotrecogin alfa (activated) treatment using serial measurements of protein C compared to standard therapy in patients with severe sepsis., Clinical Trial, Phase II, Comparative Study, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2010

21. Endogenous Morphine Levels Are Increased in Sepsis: A Partial Implication of Neutrophils

Author: Benoît-Joseph Laventie, Marie-Hélène Metz-Boutigue, Thomas Lavaux, Yannick Goumon, Elise Glattard, Alain Van Dorsselaer, Didier A. Colin, Ingeborg Welters, Alexis Laux, Sylvie Dirrig-Grosch, Arnaud Muller, Alexander R. Schmidt, Francis Schneider, Dan-Dan Zhang, François Delalande, Dominique Aunis, Physiopathologie du système nerveux., Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-IFR37-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Liverpool, Universitatsklinikum Giessen und Marburg [Marburg,Germany], Service de Réanimation Médicale [Strasbourg], Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Physiopathologie des arthrites, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Goumon, Yannick
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, Neutrophils, Receptors, Opioid, mu, lcsh:Medicine, Endogeny, MESH: Flow Cytometry, Pharmacology, MESH: Neutrophils, Lymphocyte Activation, Biochemistry, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Critical Care and Emergency Medicine/Sepsis and Multiple Organ Failure, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, MESH: Microscopy, Confocal, lcsh:Science, MESH: Sepsis, Multidisciplinary, Microscopy, Confocal, medicine.diagnostic_test, Morphine, Chemistry, Alkaloid, MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, medicine.drug, Research Article, Blotting, Western, MESH: Receptors, Opioid, mu, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow cytometry, Sepsis, Immune system, medicine, MESH: Blotting, Western, Humans, Secretion, Interleukin 8, MESH: Lymphocyte Activation, MESH: Humans, lcsh:R, Interleukin-8, MESH: Tandem Mass Spectrometry, MESH: Immunohistochemistry, [SCCO] Cognitive science, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, MESH: Interleukin-8, MESH: Morphine, Immunology, lcsh:Q, MESH: Lipopolysaccharides, MESH: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Abstract: International audience; Background: Mammalian cells synthesize morphine and the respective biosynthetic pathway has been elucidated. Human neutrophils release this alkaloid into the media after exposure to morphine precursors. However, the exact role of endogenous morphine in inflammatory processes remains unclear. We postulate that morphine is released during infection and can be determined in the serum of patients with severe infection such as sepsis.Methodology: The presence and subcellular immunolocalization of endogenous morphine was investigated by ELISA, mass spectrometry analysis and laser confocal microscopy. Neutrophils were activated with Interleukin-8 (IL-8) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Morphine secretion was determined by a morphine-specific ELISA. mu opioid receptor expression was assessed with flow cytometry. Serum morphine concentrations of septic patients were determined with a morphine-specific ELISA and morphine identity was confirmed in human neutrophils and serum of septic patients by mass spectrometry analysis. The effects of the concentration of morphine found in serum of septic patients on LPS-induced release of IL-8 by human neutrophils were tested.Principal findings: We confirmed the presence of morphine in human neutrophil extracts and showed its colocalisation with lactoferrin within the secondary granules of neutrophils. Morphine secretion was quantified in the supernatant of activated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the presence and absence of Ca(2+). LPS and IL-8 were able to induce a significant release of morphine only in presence of Ca(2+). LPS treatment increased mu opioid receptor expression on neutrophils. Low concentration of morphine (8 nM) significantly inhibited the release of IL-8 from neutrophils when coincubated with LPS. This effect was reversed by naloxone. Patients with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock had significant higher circulating morphine levels compared to patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and healthy controls. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that endogenous morphine from serum of patient with sepsis was identical to poppy-derived morphine.Conclusions: Our results indicate that morphine concentrations are increased significantly in the serum of patients with systemic infection and that morphine is, at least in part, secreted from neutrophils during sepsis. Morphine concentrations equivalent to those found in the serum of septic patients significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-8 secretion in neutrophils.
Published: 2010

22. Influence of mannose-binding lectin genotypes and serostatus in allo-SCT: analysis of 131 recipients and donors

Author: Tatjana Zabelina, R Thiébaut, Ulrike Bacher, N. Kroeger, Hartmut Kabisch, R M Haston, Boris Fehse, Michael Lioznov, F Ayuk, Axel R. Zander, P Das, Nigel Klein, Olaf Neth, Olga Waschke, Mouillet, Evelyne, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH)-Institute of Child Health, Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roci, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Hamburg, Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Tissue Donors, Graft vs Host Disease, MESH: Genotype, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Prospective Studies, MESH: Sepsis, Mannan-binding lectin, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, Hematology, MESH: Middle Aged, Middle Aged, Tissue Donors, 3. Good health, MESH: Mannose-Binding Lectin, Phenotype, Female, Disease Susceptibility, MESH: Stem Cell Transplantation, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH: Disease Susceptibility, MESH: Graft vs Host Disease, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Biology, MESH: Phenotype, Mannose-Binding Lectin, Article, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Internal medicine, medicine, MESH: Transplantation, Homologous, Humans, Transplantation, Homologous, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, Transplantation, MESH: Humans, Lectin, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Fungal pneumonia, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Male, Complement system, Mycoses, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, biology.protein, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female, 030215 immunology, Stem Cell Transplantation
Abstract: International audience; Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency is determined by MBL gene polymorphisms and is associated with an increased infection risk. To clarify the role of MBL in Allo-SCT, 131 recipients-donors were analysed. MBL genotypes were determined by PCR and heteroduplex analyses, MBL serum levels by ELISA, and MBL oligomers by western blotting. MBL levels
Published: 2009

23. Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: II. Experimental, acute respiratory failure and ARDS, mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation

Author: Jean Chastre, Jordi Mancebo, Duncan MacRae, Daniel De Backer, Marc Bonten, Herwig Gerlach, Haibo Zhang, Giorgio Conti, Giuseppe Citerio, Elie Azoulay, Salvatore Maurizio Maggiore, Jérôme Pugin, François Lemaire, Philipp Metnitz, Massimo Antonelli, Göran Hedenstierna, Alexandre Mebazaa, Jan Wernerman, Johan Groeneveld, Department of Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Department of Medical Microbiology Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Neurointensive Care Unit, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Service des Soins Intensifs, Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Management, Vivantes-Klinikum Neukoelln, Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Free University Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Service d'anesthésie - réanimation, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, University Hospital of Vienna, University Hospital of Geneva, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Vesin, Aurélien, Intensive care medicine, ICaR - Ischemia and repair, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Antonelli, M, Azoulay, E, Bonten, M, Chastre, J, Citerio, G, Conti, G, De Backer, D, Lemaire, F, Gerlach, H, Groeneveld, J, Hedenstierna, G, Macrae, D, Mancebo, J, Maggiore, S, Mebazaa, A, Metnitz, P, Pugin, J, Wernerman, J, and Zhang, H
Subjects: Resuscitation, ARDS, medicine.medical_treatment, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/epidemiology, 0302 clinical medicine, Intubation, Respiratory Insufficiency/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*therapy, Sepsis/epidemiology, MESH: Respiration, Artificial, MESH: Sepsis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Intensive Care/*methods, ddc:617, Lung Injury, 3. Good health, Reperfusion Injury, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, Acute Disease, MESH: Lung Injury, MESH: Acute Disease, Respiratory Insufficiency, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Care, Sepsi, Lung injury, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Intensive care, Anesthesiology, medicine, Intubation, Intratracheal, Humans, MESH: Intensive Care, Intensive care medicine, Lung Injury/epidemiology/therapy, Mechanical ventilation, MESH: Humans, MESH: Intubation, Intratracheal, business.industry, Reperfusion Injury/epidemiology, Intensive Care, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult, Year in Review 2008, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, medicine.disease, Respiration, Artificial, Intubation, Intratracheal/*methods, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult, MESH: Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/epidemiology/physiopathology/*therapy, MESH: Reperfusion Injury, business, Respiration, Artificial/*methods, MESH: Respiratory Insufficiency
Abstract: Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008 : II. Experimental, acute respiratory failure and ARDS, mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation
Published: 2009

24. Impact of previous sepsis on the accuracy of procalcitonin for the early diagnosis of blood stream infection in critically ill patients

Author: André Pechinot, Aurélie Snauwaert, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Jean-Marc Doise, Sébastien Prin, Niels-Olivier Olsson, Serge Aho, Sylvain Ladoire, Pierre Emmanuel Charles, Bernard Blettery, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Université de Bourgogne (UB), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc ( CRLCC - CGFL ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB )
Subjects: Male, MESH: Protein Precursors, MESH : Retrospective Studies, MESH : Aged, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH : Critical Illness, MESH : Early Diagnosis, Procalcitonin, law.invention, Leukocyte Count, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Early Diagnosis, law, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH : Protein Precursors, MESH: Sepsis, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, First episode, MESH: Middle Aged, Middle Aged, MESH : Leukocyte Count, Intensive care unit, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, 3. Good health, C-Reactive Protein, Infectious Diseases, Predictive value of tests, MESH: Critical Illness, Female, MESH : Sepsis, SOFA score, Research Article, Calcitonin, medicine.medical_specialty, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Critical Illness, MESH : Male, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Intensive care, MESH: C-Reactive Protein, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, lcsh:RC109-216, MESH : Predictive Value of Tests, Protein Precursors, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, Intensive care medicine, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, MESH: Calcitonin, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH : Multivariate Analysis, MESH: Retrospective Studies, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, MESH : C-Reactive Protein, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Male, MESH : Calcitonin, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Early Diagnosis, MESH: Leukocyte Count, Multivariate Analysis, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: Background Blood stream infections (BSI) are life-threatening infections in intensive care units (ICU), and prognosis is highly dependent on early detection. Procalcitonin levels have been shown to accurately and quickly distinguish between BSI and noninfectious inflammatory states in critically ill patients. It is, however, unknown to what extent a recent history of sepsis (namely, secondary sepsis) can affect diagnosis of BSI using PCT. Methods review of the medical records of every patient with BSI in whom PCT dosage at the onset of sepsis was available between 1st September, 2006 and 31st July, 2007. Results 179 episodes of either primary (n = 117) or secondary (n = 62) sepsis were included. Procalcitonin levels were found to be markedly lower in patients with secondary sepsis than in those without (6.4 [9.5] vs. 55.6 [99.0] ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.001), whereas the SOFA score was similar in the two groups. Although patients in the former group were more likely to have received steroids and effective antibiotic therapy prior to the BSI episode, and despite a higher proportion of candidemia in this group, a low PCT value was found to be independently associated with secondary sepsis (Odd Ratio = 0.33, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.16–0.70; p = 0.004). Additional patients with suspected but unconfirmed sepsis were used as controls (n = 23). Thus, diagnostic accuracy of PCT as assessed by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUROCC) measurement was decreased in the patients with secondary sepsis compared to those without (AUROCC = 0.805, 95% CI: 0.699–0.879, vs. 0.934, 95% CI: 0.881–0.970, respectively; p < 0.050). Conclusion In a critically ill patient with BSI, PCT elevation and diagnosis accuracy could be lower if sepsis is secondary than in those with a first episode of infection.
Published: 2008

25. Rac2 is a major actor of Drosophila resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa acting in phagocytic cells

Author: Amélie Avet-Rochex, Jackie Perrin, Marie-Odile Fauvarque, Evelyne Bergeret, Transduction du signal : signalisation calcium, phosphorylation et inflammation, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Fauvarque, Marie-Odile
Subjects: MESH: ADP Ribose Transferases, MESH: rac GTP-Binding Proteins, CDC42, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Gram-Negative Bacteria, MESH: Animals, cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, MESH: Phagocytosis, Pathogen, MESH: Sepsis, Host factor, ADP Ribose Transferases, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Plasma Cells, MESH: Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, rac GTP-Binding Proteins, Drosophila melanogaster, Host cell cytoplasm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MESH: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MESH: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8, Phagocytosis, Bacterial Toxins, Plasma Cells, RAC1, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Models, Biological, Microbiology, MESH: Drosophila melanogaster, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Sepsis, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, Macrophages, MESH: Models, Biological, MESH: Macrophages, Cell Biology, MESH: Bacterial Toxins, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Abstract: International audience; Pathogen recognition and engulfment by phagocytic cells of the blood cell lineage constitute the first line of defense against invading pathogens. This cellular immune response is conserved throughout evolution and depends strictly on cytoskeletal changes regulated by the RhoGTPases family. Many pathogens have developed toxins modifying RhoGTPases activity to their own benefit. In particular, the Exoenzyme S (ExoS) toxin of the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa is directly injected into the host cell cytoplasm and contains a GAP domain (ExoSGAP) targeting RhoGTPases. Searching for the contribution of each RhoGTPases, Rho1, Rac1, Rac2, Mtl (Mig2-like) and Cdc42 to fly resistance to P. aeruginosa infections, we found that Rac2 is required to resist to P. aeruginosa and to other Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. The Rac2 immune-deficient phenotype is attributable to defective engulfment of pathogens since Rac2-mutant macrophages exhibited strong reduction in the phagocytosis level of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial particles whereas systemic immune signaling pathways, including Toll, Immune deficiency and Jun kinases, were not affected. Co-expression of Rac2 and ExoSGAP rescued the increased sensitivity to P. aeruginosa observed in ExoSGAP-expressing flies suggesting that Rac2 is the main host factor whose function is inhibited by the GAP domain of the ExoS toxin.
Published: 2007

26. Caenorhabditis elegans as a simple model to study phenotypic and genetic virulence determinants of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli

Author: François Taddei, Olivier Clermont, Médéric Diard, Bertrand Picard, Simon Baeriswyl, Ivan Matic, Erick Denamur, Stéphanie Gouriou, Génétique moléculaire, évolutive et médicale, IFR65-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecologie et Evolution des Microorganismes (EEM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Service de bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène [Avicenne], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), IFR65-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Ecologie et Evolution des Microorganismes ( EEM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne ( LUBEM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne, Gouriou, Stéphanie, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP]
Subjects: Serum, MESH : Virulence Factors, MESH : Escherichia coli, MESH : Movement, MESH: Movement, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: Virulence, medicine.disease_cause, Mice, MESH : Serum, Bile, MESH: Animals, MESH : Anti-Bacterial Agents, MESH : Muramidase, MESH: Sepsis, Caenorhabditis elegans, Escherichia coli Infections, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli, biology, Virulence, Virulence factors, MESH: Escherichia coli, MESH : Growth Inhibitors, MESH : Virulence, Experimental animal model, MESH: Serum, Enterobacteriaceae, Phenotype, Growth Inhibitors, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, MESH : Escherichia coli Infections, MESH: Models, Animal, MESH: Survival Analysis, Models, Animal, MESH : Sepsis, MESH : Bile, Movement, Immunology, Microbiology, Caenorhabdilis elegans, MESH : Caenorhabditis elegans, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Sepsis, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, MESH: Caenorhabditis elegans, MESH : Mice, medicine, Escherichia coli, Animals, Humans, MESH: Mice, MESH: Bile, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Virulence Factors, MESH: Escherichia coli Infections, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH : Humans, biology.organism_classification, Survival Analysis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH : Models, Animal, MESH: Growth Inhibitors, MESH: Muramidase, Muramidase, MESH : Animals, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH : Survival Analysis, Bacteria
Abstract: Caenorhabditis elegans as a simple model to study phenotypic and genotypic determinants of pathogenicity of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in Caenorhabditis elegans Virulence of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice Comparison of the virulence of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice; International audience; Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains cause disease by invading normally sterile niches within the host body, e.g., urinary tract, blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Infections due to ExPEC strains, in particular urinary tract infections, cause considerable morbidity and significant health-care costs. The goal of our study is to evaluate whether Caenorhabditis elegans can be used as a model to study phenotypic and genetic virulence determinants of ExPEC strains. For this purpose, we used a collection of 31 E. coli strains isolated during acute extra-intestinal infections or from the feces of healthy individuals. For all strains, the phylogeny, the presence of ExPEC virulence factors, the resistance to biologically relevant stressors (bile, human serum and lysozyme), the motility, the growth rate, the virulence in C. elegans and in a murine septicaemia model has been established. The results show that there is a strong link between virulence in C. elegans and certain phenotypic and genetic virulence predictors of ExPEC strains determinable in vitro. Furthermore, there is a significant correlation between virulence of different ExPEC strains in C. elegans and in the murine model. Therefore, our results suggest that C. elegans can be used as a model to study virulence determinants of ExPEC strains.
Published: 2007

27. Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2006. II. Infections and sepsis, haemodynamics, elderly, invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation, weaning, ARDS

Author: Christian Richard, Philipp Metnitz, Elie Azoulay, Daniel De Backer, Herwig Gerlach, Laurent Brochard, Peter J. D. Andrews, Geoffrey J. Dobb, Jérôme Pugin, Jordi Mancebo, Massimo Antonelli, Christian Brun-Buisson, Jean-Yves Fagon, Stefano Nava, Johan Groeneveld, Duncan Macrae, Michael R. Pinsky, Peter Radermacher, Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Western General Hospital, Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Department of Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), Fonctions Cellulaires et Moleculaires de l'Appareil Respiratoire et des Vaisseaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service des Soins Intensifs, Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Royal Perth Hospital, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Management, Vivantes-Klinikum Neukoelln, VUmc, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, University Hospital of Vienna, Fondazione S. Maugeri, University Hospital of Geneva, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center [Pittsburgh, PA, États-Unis] (UPMC), Department of Anesthesia, Universitätsklinikum Ulm - University Hospital of Ulm, Intensive Care Unit, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, and Vesin, Aurélien
Subjects: ARDS, MESH: Heart Arrest, medicine.medical_treatment, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Hemodynamics, MESH: Geriatrics, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Sepsis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Aged, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Year in review, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patient, 3. Good health, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Ventilator Weaning, medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Care, Pain medicine, Communicable Diseases, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, Anesthesiology, medicine, Weaning, Humans, MESH: Intensive Care, Intensive care medicine, Intensive Care Unit Patient, Medical Emergency Team, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, MESH: Humans, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, MESH: Ventilator Weaning, medicine.disease, Heart Arrest, Year in Review 2006, 030228 respiratory system, Geriatrics, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Respiratory Tract Diseases, business
Abstract: This review summarizes all articles published in Intensive Care Medicine in 2006, grouped by specific topic.
Published: 2007

28. A global approach to energy metabolism in an experimental model of sepsis

Author: Philippe Sébert, Erwan L'Her, Guerrero, François, Optimisation des régulations physiologiques (ORPHY (EA 4324)), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Rats, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Energy metabolism, chemistry.chemical_element, MESH: Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Mitochondrion, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Oxygen, Sepsis, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Mole, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, Glycolysis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Sepsis, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, MESH: Energy Metabolism, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Rats, Endocrinology, chemistry, Biochemistry, Hyperlactatemia, business, Energy Metabolism, Anaerobic exercise
Abstract: International audience; Disturbances in energy metabolism during sepsis are not clearly understood. The aim of the study was to globally assess the energy drive in septic rat myocytes, studying both glycolysis rates and mitochondrial maximal activities together, using recent in vitro techniques. Measurements were assessed before (H0) and 4 h after sepsis induction (H4). Hyperlactatemia was observed in all septic animals ([lactate] = 1.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/L at H0 versus 3.3 +/- 0.6 mmol/L at H4; p < 0.001). An enhanced glycolysis rate was observed in both aerobic ( J(A) = 7.2 +/- 0.9 at H0 versus 18.2 +/- 4.1 nmol glucose/min/g at H4; p < 0.05) and anaerobic ( J(B) = 7.5 +/- 1.2 at H0 versus 15.4 +/- 3.4 micromol glucose/min/g at H4; p < 0.05) fluxes, associated with a selective significant pyruvate-malate-dependent oxygen consumption rate decrease (V O(2)-PM = 0.144 +/- 0.008 at H0 versus 0.113 +/- 0.007 micromol O(2)/h/mg at H4; p < 0.05). This oxygen consumption decrease can be interpreted either as a complex I and/or a complex I-ubiquinone relation alteration. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that an altered mitochondrial function during sepsis is responsible, at least in part, for hyperlactatemia, which is thus a consequence of an increased glycolysis rate.
Published: 2001

29. Chlorhexidine-Impregnated Sponges and Less Frequent Dressing Changes for Prevention of Catheter-Related Infections in Critically Ill Adults

Author: Jean-François Timsit, Carole Schwebel, Lila Bouadma, Arnaud Geffroy, Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas, Sebastian Pease, Marie-Christine Herault, Hakim Haouache, Silvia Calvino-Gunther, Brieuc Gestin, Laurence Armand-Lefevre, Véronique Leflon, Chantal Chaplain, Adel Benali, Adrien Francais, Christophe Adrie, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Marie Thuong, Xavier Arrault, Jacques Croize, Jean-Christophe Lucet, for the Dressing Study Group, INSERM U823, équipe 11 (Epidémiologie des cancers et des affections graves), Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble (INSERM U823), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Clinique de réanimation médicale, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon-Hôpital Michallon, Clinique de réanimation médicale, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Service de réanimation médicale, Vesin, Aurélien, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph (hpsj), Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) - CHU Grenoble - EFS - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) - CHU Grenoble - EFS - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Clinique de réanimation médicale, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) - CHU Grenoble - Hôpital Albert Michallon - Hôpital Albert Michallon, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) - CHU Grenoble - Hôpital Albert Michallon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris] - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7) - Hôpital Beaujon, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) - CHU Grenoble, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) - CHU Grenoble - EFS - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Cochin [APHP], and AP-HP Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades [Paris]
Subjects: Male, Surgical Sponges, Time Factors, Occlusive Dressings, MESH: Surgical Sponges, law.invention, Catheters, Indwelling, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, law, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Sepsis, Skin, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, Catheter insertion, Chlorhexidine, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Intensive care unit, 3. Good health, MESH: Chlorhexidine, Occlusive dressing, Catheter, MESH: Critical Illness, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Illness, MESH: Catheters, Indwelling, Context (language use), 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Anti-Infective Agents, Local, MESH: Skin, Sepsis, Intensive care, MESH: Occlusive Dressings, Humans, Aged, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Adult, MESH: Catheter-Related Infections, Arterial catheter, MESH: Male, Surgery, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Catheter-Related Infections, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; CONTEXT: Use of a chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated sponge (CHGIS) in intravascular catheter dressings may reduce catheter-related infections (CRIs). Changing catheter dressings every 3 days may be more frequent than necessary. OBJECTIVE: To assess superiority of CHGIS dressings regarding the rate of major CRIs (clinical sepsis with or without bloodstream infection) and noninferiority (less than 3% colonization-rate increase) of 7-day vs 3-day dressing changes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Assessor-blind, 2 x 2 factorial, randomized controlled trial conducted from December 2006 through June 2008 and recruiting patients from 7 intensive care units in 3 university and 2 general hospitals in France. Patients were adults (>18 years) expected to require an arterial catheter, central-vein catheter, or both inserted for 48 hours or longer. INTERVENTIONS: Use of CHGIS vs standard dressings (controls). Scheduled change of unsoiled adherent dressings every 3 vs every 7 days, with immediate change of any soiled or leaking dressings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Major CRIs for comparison of CHGIS vs control dressings; colonization rate for comparison of 3- vs 7-day dressing changes. RESULTS: Of 2095 eligible patients, 1636 (3778 catheters, 28,931 catheter-days) could be evaluated. The median duration of catheter insertion was 6 (interquartile range [IQR], 4-10) days. There was no interaction between the interventions. Use of CHGIS dressings decreased the rates of major CRIs (10/1953 [0.5%], 0.6 per 1000 catheter-days vs 19/1825 [1.1%], 1.4 per 1000 catheter-days; hazard ratio [HR], 0.39 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.17-0.93]; P = .03) and catheter-related bloodstream infections (6/1953 catheters, 0.40 per 1000 catheter-days vs 17/1825 catheters, 1.3 per 1000 catheter-days; HR, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.09-0.65]). Use of CHGIS dressings was not associated with greater resistance of bacteria in skin samples at catheter removal. Severe CHGIS-associated contact dermatitis occurred in 8 patients (5.3 per 1000 catheters). Use of CHGIS dressings prevented 1 major CRI per 117 catheters. Catheter colonization rates were 142 of 1657 catheters (7.8%) in the 3-day group (10.4 per 1000 catheter-days) and 168 of 1828 catheters (8.6%) in the 7-day group (11.0 per 1000 catheter-days), a mean absolute difference of 0.8% (95% CI, -1.78% to 2.15%) (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.77-1.28), indicating noninferiority of 7-day changes. The median number of dressing changes per catheter was 4 (IQR, 3-6) in the 3-day group and 3 (IQR, 2-5) in the 7-day group (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Use of CHGIS dressings with intravascular catheters in the intensive care unit reduced risk of infection even when background infection rates were low. Reducing the frequency of changing unsoiled adherent dressings from every 3 days to every 7 days modestly reduces the total number of dressing changes and appears safe. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00417235.
Published: 2009

30. Epigenetics and Bacterial infections

Author: Melanie Hamon, Hélène Bierne, Pascale Cossart, Interactions Bactéries-Cellules (UIBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur, INRA, INSERM, French Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer [LNCC RS10/75-76 Bierne], European Research Council (ERC) [233348], French National Research Agency (ANR) [EPILIS], Fondation Louis Jeantet, Fondation Le Roch les Mousquetaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: Epigenetic regulation of neurogenesis, RNA, Untranslated, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], NF-KAPPA-B, Gene Expression, MESH: Ankyrin Repeat, E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASES, GASTRIC EPITHELIAL-CELLS, Epigenesis, Genetic, MESH: RNA, Untranslated, Histones, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: DNA Methylation, Neoplasms, HELICOBACTER-PYLORI-INFECTION, MESH: Neoplasms, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, MESH: Epigenesis, Genetic, RNA-Directed DNA Methylation, MESH: Sepsis, MESH: Bacterial Proteins, Epigenomics, GENE-EXPRESSION, Genetics, MESH: Histones, 0303 health sciences, Bacterial Infections, Chromatin, Ankyrin Repeat, Nucleosomes, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, DNA methylation, Perspectives, MESH: Gene Expression, MESH: Bacterial Infections, RNA Splicing, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, MESH: Chromatin, 03 medical and health sciences, Epigenetics of physical exercise, Bacterial Proteins, MESH: Nucleosomes, Sepsis, Humans, Epigenetics, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, TUBERCULOSIS 19-KDA LIPOPROTEIN, Epigenome, DNA Methylation, ABERRANT DNA METHYLATION, MESH: RNA Splicing, HISTONE MODIFICATIONS
Abstract: International audience; Epigenetic mechanisms regulate expression of the genome to generate various cell types during development or orchestrate cellular responses to external stimuli. Recent studies highlight that bacteria can affect the chromatin structure and transcriptional program of host cells by influencing diverse epigenetic factors (i.e., histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin-associated complexes, noncoding RNAs, and RNA splicing factors). In this article, we first review the molecular bases of the epigenetic language and then describe the current state of research regarding how bacteria can alter epigenetic marks and machineries. Bacterial-induced epigenetic deregulations may affect host cell function either to promote host defense or to allow pathogen persistence. Thus, pathogenic bacteria can be considered as potential epimutagens able to reshape the epigenome. Their effects might generate specific, long-lasting imprints on host cells, leading to a memory of infection that influences immunity and might be at the origin of unexplained diseases.

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30 results on '"MESH: Sepsis"'

1. Liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: Pre‐transplant does not predict the early post‐transplant outcome

2. Multicenter Evaluation of the FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 Panel for Pathogen Detection in Bloodstream Infections

3. Listeria monocytogenes, a model in infection biology

4. Using SNOMED-CT to Help the Transition from Microbiological Data to ICD-10 Sepsis Codes

5. A novel paradigm links mitochondrial dysfunction with muscle stem cell impairment in sepsis

6. Early expansion of circulating granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells predicts development of nosocomial infections in septic patients

7. Heme drives hemolysis-induced susceptibility to infection via disruption of phagocyte functions

8. SpdC, a novel virulence factor, controls histidine kinase activity in Staphylococcus aureus

9. IL-17 Receptor Signaling Is Required to Control Polymicrobial Sepsis

10. Host and bacterial determinants of initial severity and outcome of Escherichia coli sepsis

11. mTOR- and HIF-1 alpha-mediated aerobic glycolysis as metabolic basis for trained immunity

12. An Atypical Clostridium Strain Related to the Clostridium botulinum Group III Strain Isolated from a Human Blood Culture

13. Transfusion-Transmitted Yersinia enterocolitica Sepsis

14. Early rise in circulating endothelial protein C receptor correlates with poor outcome in severe sepsis

15. Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care units: Analysis of the extended prevalence of infection in intensive care unit study

16. Experimental Meningococcal Sepsis in Congenic Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Transferrin

17. Diagnostic performance of fractional excretion of urea in the evaluation of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a multicenter cohort study

18. Severe Plasmodium malariae malaria in a patient with multiple susceptibility genes

19. Enhanced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock

20. Randomized trial evaluating serial protein C levels in severe sepsis patients treated with variable doses of drotrecogin alfa (activated)

21. Endogenous Morphine Levels Are Increased in Sepsis: A Partial Implication of Neutrophils

22. Influence of mannose-binding lectin genotypes and serostatus in allo-SCT: analysis of 131 recipients and donors

23. Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2008: II. Experimental, acute respiratory failure and ARDS, mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation

24. Impact of previous sepsis on the accuracy of procalcitonin for the early diagnosis of blood stream infection in critically ill patients

25. Rac2 is a major actor of Drosophila resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa acting in phagocytic cells

26. Caenorhabditis elegans as a simple model to study phenotypic and genetic virulence determinants of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli

27. Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine, 2006. II. Infections and sepsis, haemodynamics, elderly, invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation, weaning, ARDS

28. A global approach to energy metabolism in an experimental model of sepsis

29. Chlorhexidine-Impregnated Sponges and Less Frequent Dressing Changes for Prevention of Catheter-Related Infections in Critically Ill Adults

30. Epigenetics and Bacterial infections

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30 results on '"MESH: Sepsis"'

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