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Ismailia Canal is one of the most important branches of the Nile River in Egypt. It is the main source of drinking and irrigation water for many cities. Water and sediments samples were taken from 6 sites during 6 months of (Jan., Mar., May, July, Sept. and Nov.) 2017. The sites are: (I) El-Mazalat (at start of the canal), (II) Al- Ameriyah, (III) Mostourd, (IV) Abu-Zaabl, (V) Al-Monair and (VI) Belbies. The samples of water and sediments were chemically analyzed for detection of heavy metals i.e., (Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn). Abu-Zaabl site was more pollution than the other sites. The contents in water were within the limits allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1995). Highest pollutions were sites III, IV and V.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of four pesticides against the white fly, Bemisia tabaci, infesting squash plants during the two growing season, 2017 and 2018, under field conditions. Results showed that the reduction percentages of the white fly, B.tabaci populations on squash plant during season 2017 caused by Lambda cyhalothrin, Thiamethoxam, Azadirachtin and Beauveria bassiana were 86, 81.5, 72.25 and 86.66%, respectively, as mean residual effect. While, the initial reduction percentages for these pesticides were 98, 96, 93 and 0%, respectively. The general mean percentages of reduction caused by Lambda cyhalothrin, Thiamethoxam, Azadirachtin and B. bassiana were 92, 88.75, 82.63 and 90.33%, respectively. The efficiency of the tested pesticides on white fly could be arranged according to their percentages of reduction in infestation in the follows order: Lambda cyhalothrin > B. bassiana > Thiamethoxam > Azadirachtin, respectively. Results also showed that all the tested pesticides significantly decreased the number of the white fly, B. tabaci in an irregular way compared to the untreated control. Results also cleared that all the tested pesticides caused decrease in white fly populations till 11th day after treatment. The general mean numbers of the white fly, B. tabaci were 18.4, 27.6, 35.8 and 20 individuals/ sample for Lambda cyhalothrin, Thiamethoxam, Azadirachtin and B. bassiana, respectively, comparing with 211.6 individuals/sample in control group.

A total of 8 water samples were collected from beginning, middle and end of Belbais drain, which located at longitudes of N 30o 10’ 57.6” and E 31o 20’ 20.8” and latitudes of N 30o33’ 39.2” and E 31o36’ 10.3” and altitude around 11.6 m. relative to sea level, in order to assess the quality of its water and its suitability for agricultural irrigation. Samples were analysed for pH, EC and other parameters. pH was within the permissible limit. EC indicates C3 (high salinity). According to USDA (1954). The soluble sodium percent (SSP) ranged from 67.78% to 41.69%, i.e. moderate restriction in using this water. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) ranged from 6.74 to 8.44 and according to FAO (1985), water is of low sodium hazard. According to USDA (1954), water is of high salinity medium sodicity (C3S2). Permeability index values varied between 82.52 to 85.34% and based on Doneen diagram (1962), medicating class II i.e. no permeability or infiltration problems. Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) was < 1.25 mmolc L-1, i.e. safe for irrigation.

Efficiency of three insecticides, two oils and their mixtures belonging to differentgroups of chemicals, namely lambda-cyhalothrin (Lambda-cyhalothrin 2.5%), acetamprid (Mospilane20%), pymetrozine (Pymetrozine 25%), orange oil (Orange oil 98%) and mineral oil ( Mineral oil KZ95%) on faba bean plants against the leguminous aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch under field andlaboratory conditions was investigated. The LC50 and LC90 values were calculated after 24 hr. posttreatment.The obtained results showed that a wide range of toxicity of the tested pesticides, howeverthe insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin proved itself to be the highest toxic compound after 24hr.,recording LC50 0.098 ppm, on the other hand pymetrozine was the lowest one recording 90.53 ppm.Residual effects of insecticides and their mixtures on A. craccivora under field conditions in 2015season showed that mineral oil (77.08%), acetamprid + mineral oil ( 75.35%) and lambda-cyhalothrin+ mineral oil (53.87%), while in 2016 season, acetamprid + orange oil (27.12%) and lambdacyhalothrin+ orange oil (26.28%) recording the highest residual effects on A. craccivora. The residualeffect of lambda-cyhalothrin in faba bean plants and soil under the environmental conditions of Egyptwas studied. The tested insecticide was sprayed at recommended dose. The treated faba bean plantsand soil were randomly sampled after 2 hr., 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. The tested samples were extracted,cleaned up and analyzed using gas chromatography. The recovery percentages were 75 and 90% in soiland leaves, respectively. The half life values were 0.1 and 0.2 day in leaves and soil samples,respectively.