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Developing countries' energy sector faces a multitude of challenges, ranging from inadequate generation to unstable grids. Power outages are among the most common issues, particularly in remote areas. Utilizing grid-tied green energy resources to address this issue and to cover for power outages from local grids. This article presents a cost-effective design of a grid-tied, hybrid green energy system (GES) consisting of wind, PV, and batteries considering the influence of the grid availability. A multi-objective, optimal techno-economic design, optimized by multi-objective particle swarm optimization technique is presented for the grid-tied GES linked to a small hamlet in the north of Egypt. The multi-objective function introduced in this work includes three objective functions which are, the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP), the Cost of Energy (COE), and the System Surplus Energy Rates (SSER) considering the grid availability. The grid availability (GA) of 100% was considered as a base case and it was reduced to 70% with a step of 5%. The simulation consequences had cleared that the lowest and largest percentage values of SSER were obtained at GA of 85 %, and 70 %, respectively. When the value of SSER equal to 0.33%, the system design for solving the grid unavailability consists of 12 PVs, one WT, and 1420 batteries with COE of 0.145$/kWh and TNPC of 3,699,800 ($).

These studies were carried out at the Experimental Farm at the Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Region and Egypt during the two successive growing seasons; 2017/18 and 2018/19 to investigate the role of intercropping of Sugar Beet with four aromatic plants on the infestation with Cassida. vittata (vill.), the appearance predators and sugar beet yield. The four aromatic plants were Fennel, Dill, Coriander and Marjoram. Results showed that intercropping pattern reduced the infestation percentage with C. vittata (all stages),especially in case of Coriander with Sugar beet. Results showed that intercropping pattern with sugar beet increased the appearance numbers of predators especially in case of Fennel+ sugar beet. Results exhibited that dill intercropping with Sugar beet was highest attractive for Coccinella sp.. Intercropping between Fennel and Sugar beet was highest attractive to Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, as so coriander plants intercropping with sugar beet plants was more attractive to Paederus alfierii Koch. Results indicated that Marjoram intercropping with sugar beet was highest attractive for Scymnus spp.. The highest abundance of true spiders was found on sugar beet plants intercropped with Fennel, followed by sugar beet with Marjoram. The highest sugar beet yield was obtained when sugar beet was intercropped with Fennel, followed by coriander.

Background Cesarean section remains to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide and available data indicate that surgical interventions constitute approximately 0.4%–40.5% of all deliveries. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are reported to occur in up to 8.4% of women having a caesarean section (CS) with many negative effects, including pain, prolonged hospitalisation or readmission, need for antibiotics, return to theatre and increasing costs. Objective In women undergoing elective caesarian section, subcutaneous tissue irrigation with povidone Iodine may decrease the rate of surgical site infection. Patients and Methods The study included any female from 20 to 35 years old of gestational age 38 week or older with viable fetus, BMI 20-30 Kg/m2. Patient excluded were those with preoperative haemoglobin less than 10, prolonged rupture of membranes, diabetic, hypertensive or with any medical disorder including autoimmune diseases. Results The result of our study demonstrated that the use of povidone iodine 1% solution doesn’t have an added benefit in decreasing the incidence of SSI. Conclusion We conclude that the use of povidone iodine 1% solution in irrigation of subcutaneous tissue prior to skin closure in elective caesarian deliveries does not have an added benefit in decreasing the incidence of SSI and is, thus, not recommended at time being.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pterygium surgery on corneal topography by comparing wave front analysis before and one month after the surgical treatment. Methodology Fifty eyes of forty-one patients were included in this study. Twenty five male and sixteen female patients seeking pterygium surgery were recruited from the Ophthalmology Department Outpatient Clinic in Sohag Teaching Hospital during the period from July 2017 to May 2018. All eyes underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft. Results In this study we found a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected visual acuity from 0.44±0.21SD preoperatively to 0.62±0.18SD postoperatively (p Conclusion There was a highly statistically significant difference in the mean logMAR visual acuity and a highly statistically significant improvement in the mean uncorrected visual acuity. A highly statistically significant improvement in both refractive and topographic astigmatism after one month of the surgery was noted also. Here were also a highly statistically significant improvement in ISV and IHD that indicate improvement after pterygium removal. Recommendations Patient with pterygium that inducing astigmatism will benefit from surgical removal of the pterygium.

The cropping pattern considers how to use the available agriculture resources from land, water, farmers ,capital and information technology. Thus the main objective of this study determines the optimum cropping pattern that will maximize net return and maximize net return of irrigation water . To achieve the main objective of this study the method of Goal programming .has used .The results of research shown that: The available area was about 14.63 million Fadden has been fully used , The model maximize the total net return of the current crop in A.R.E.it estimated from 68.51 to 69.17 billion pound annually which increase about 0.66 billion pound which represent 1% from the current crops. While the total quantity of requirement water decrease from 61.19 to 58.95 billion cubic meter ,which decrease about 2.24 billion cubic meter which represent 3.66% of the current quantity of water. While the net return irrigation water for crops increasing from 1.12 to 1.17 pound /cubic meter which increase about 0.054 pound /cubic meter that represent 4.83% of the current net return irrigation water

Background: India’s national tuberculosis (TB) programme recommends that among patients with diabetes mellitus and TB, fasting blood glucose (FBG) be recorded at baseline, the end of intensive phase and the end of continuation phase of TB treatment. We conducted this operational research in select districts of Tamil Nadu, India, in 2016 to determine the availability of blood glucose records and glycemic control status during TB treatment. Methods: This was a descriptive study involving secondary programme data. Glycemic control during TB treatment was ‘optimal’ if both baseline and end of intensive phase FBG (during TB treatment) were Results: Of 438 patients, FBG at baseline, the end of intensive phase and the end of continuation phase were each available in Conclusion: Among patients with diabetes and tuberculosis, recording of FBG during tuberculosis treatment requires urgent attention.

The aim of this paper is to introduce a comparative study of calculating electric fields underneath six phase transmission lines and double circuit three phase transmission lines. Different configurations of six phase and three phase lines are presented. The first three phase line is operating at 138 kV, and the second one is at 220 kV while the first six phase line is operating at 80 kV and the last one is at 127 kV. The electric fields are calculated at one meter above the earth level for both three phase and six phase lines using the charge simulation technique (CST). The maximum electric field for the introduced three and six phase transmission lines are calculated. The percentage reduction for the maximum electric field reached 20% for the same dimensions and 58% for different dimensions at the same height of the lower conductors from the ground level.

This paper deals with the mitigation of electric fields under extra high voltage transmission lines using active and passive shield wires. Two extra high voltage alternating current transmission lines are modeled and analyzed. One line is operating at 220 kV and the other is at 500 kV. The electric field is calculated at one meter above the ground level for the two transmission lines with and without active and passive shield wires using the charge simulation method (CSM). The effect of different shielding parameters on the ground level field is studied. These parameters include the spacing between shield wires and their number of these wires, and their height above ground as well as the value of the voltage applied to the shield wires. Also, the effects of passive and active shield wires on the magnetic field underneath the lines and the electric field on the conductor's surface are highlighted.

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Little is known about bone mass acquisition among stunted adolescents who did not achieve their growth in height. A national survey was made of bone mineral density among stunted adolescents and adults. A multistage stratified random sample of 2500 families (8476 adolescents and their parents) was selected from 6 governorates in different geographical areas of Egypt. Clinical history, anthropometry and measurement of bone mineral density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was done. Mean T-scores were significantly lower among both adults and adolescents with short stature compared with those of normal height. The predictors of bone status among adolescent boys were age, body mass index (BMI), height attained (z-score) and maternal T-score and for girls were BMI, age at menarche, paternal T-score and z-score. Stunted adolescents suffered from low bone mass density and low stature adults suffered a high prevalence of osteoporosis.

Introduction: There is a reliable evidence that personnel working in a variety of settings beyond mainstream mental health services can make an important contribution to the prevention of mental health problems. Aim: To assess the ability of personnel in different sectors including schools, school health unit and Primary Health Care (PHC) centers to recognize the risks and signs of deteriorating mental health among vulnerable people. The roles played by these personnel in the area of mental health were also defined. Methods: A descriptive approach was used to carry out this study in different service agencies located in Abha region. These included female secondary schools, female school health units and all PHC centers. Questionnaires were mailed to teachers, physicians and nurses. The questionnaires contained queries about warning signs of poor mental health and high-risk groups for mental disorders. Results: It was shown that 50% of school teachers in the sample were good at picking up signs of mental distress while others felt that they did not have the skills in this field nor was it their role to do so. The majority of physicians and nurses (66.03%) in school health unit and PHC centers identify family problems as predictor of mental disorders. From the stand point of the primary care provided by health centers, early diagnosis of cases and provision of treatment were considered unimportant compared to the role of case referral as stated by 15.38% and 53.84% of workers, respectively. Recommendations: It is recommended that the role of these services be expanded to develop skills in dealing with common mental problems.

Little is known about bone mass acquisition among stunted adolescents who did not achieve their growth in height. A national survey was made of bone mineral density among stunted adolescents and adults. A multistage stratified random sample of 2500 families (8476 adolescents and their parents) was selected from 6 governorates in different geographical areas of Egypt. Clinical history, anthropometry and measurement of bone mineral density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was done. Mean T-scores were significantly lower among both adults and adolescents with short stature compared with those of normal height. The predictors of bone status among adolescent boys were age, body mass index (BMI), height attained (z-score) and maternal T-score and for girls were BMI, age at menarche, paternal T-score and z-score. Stunted adolescents suffered from low bone mass density and low stature adults suffered a high prevalence of osteoporosis.