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The phenomenon of urbanization has led to an increase in residential land and other economic activities that resulted in the conversion of undeveloped land into developed and settled lands. Thus, it has an impact on limited water absorption, and eventually, a flood occurs when extreme rainfall happens. The Kedurus watershed is a flood-prone area where floods consistently occur with a depth of up to 1 m. However, the Kedurus watershed is an area that has a vital function in the economic development of the city of Surabaya. From the previous research, three instruments were declared effective in reducing flooding. By using the positivistic approach, the purpose of this study is a spatial planning concept for flood reduction in the Kedurus River Basin. The results will be presented as spatial modeling of the flood with the existing conditions resulting in a flood inundation area of 228.88 ha. The stages of the formulation of the spatial planning concept for flood reduction resulted in several proposals, namely, the allocation of green open space for all the land assets of the Surabaya City government and the provision of a maximum requirement of 60% development for space allocation on existing nondeveloped land.

Adequate management of the triple constraints that majorly affect infrastructure project is at the forefront of all the variables that determine success and failure. Organisation must handle with care the triple constraints to achieve success in their projects from initiation to commissioning. Subsequently, failure to maintain balance in dealing with the constraints will not only result in delays but can immensely contribute to failure of the project. Preliminary investigation revealed that many projects have collapsed and some abandoned in the Eastern cape in South Africa due to managers inability to manage these variables. This study sought to establish the reciprocal effects of the triple constraints on infrastructure projects. The qualitative research method was used by the researchers. The study circumvents on three (3) distinct infrastructure projects in the in land of Eastern cape, Purposive sampling was used and interviews schedule was employed to collect data from the selected sample. The findings revealed that triple constraints (costs, time, and scope) as the main pillar of any projects, are pivotal in determining project success and must be heeded, studied, and managed aptly during planning and implementation phase of a project. Failure to pertinently maintain equilibrium in this regards can lead to failure in projects, even if other segments are on the highest standing. In a nutshell, the project team must comprehend and control these constraints to avoid/minimise misfortunes.

Conflict is an unavoidable human phenomenon as where there is interaction there is a possibility of conflict arising. Conflicts are neither wholly constructive nor entirely disparaging, but the ways they are managed make them either beneficial or detrimental. Schools, like other workplaces, are not immune to conflicts. The goal of this exploratory work was to look at the elements that contribute to teacher conflict in selected secondary schools in an Eastern Cape educational province in South Africa. The researcher employed an interpretivist technique. An interview was conducted to collect data from ten teachers and five principals who were sampled for the study. The findings of this study demonstrate that conflicts are caused by unhealthy and unmanaged competition, poor communication in the schools amongst the teachers and school management teams, teacher workload and the leadership styles of principals. Finally, a synopsis of recommendations was made to assist the policy makers, departmental officials, the school Governing Bodies (SGBs) together with the School Management Teams (SMTs), principals, teachers, and parents in the proper management of conflict in secondary schools.

The system of governance in South Africa is a concerning issue characterized by poor accountability, lack of transparency, and lack of public participation. After observations, it is crucial in this fourth industrial revolution to assess the role of mass media in promoting good governance, which leads to proper accountability, public participation, and transparency. The main aim of this study is to explore the importance of mass media in promoting good governance. The focus of the study was on eight (8) wards in King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality. The existing literature related to this topic was reviewed by the researchers on mass media and good governance, with the foundation of Media Ecology Theory (MET) introduced by Marshall McLuhan. Briefly mass media plays a role of exposing government failure, promote accountability, provide proper communication and government success, while providing people with information about maladministration, corruption, and public scandals. A cluster sampling method was used to select the respondents which made total of sixty (60) respondents. The population is made up of adults and children from community and municipality. The study adopted mixed method approach to gather data and analyze data. Quantitative (questionnaires) were conducted to fifty (50) community members and qualitative (in-depth interviews) with ten (10) municipal officials. RStudio software was used for quantitative data presented in graphs and for qualitative data word cloud was utilized. The finding revealed that majority of the participants agreed that mass media promotes good governance, and a few disagree. The study recommends that Mass media should provide conducive space for masses to enable participate in governance issues. Media publication at grassroot level should also focus on fighting corruption, lack of good governance, and improve consultation of public in formulation policy the study.

Due to the general unique nature of projects, they are prone to deviations and unforeseen disruptions that can jeopardize development and completion on schedule. During the global proclamation of total or partial lockdown following the peak of Covid 19 crisis in 2020, transportation of products and persons has been limited, resulting in the entire suspension or delay of projects across the O.R. Tambo District like several districts across South Africa. This research examines the factors for infrastructure project success in the face of crises in the South Africa's Eastern Cape area. The study used closed-ended and open-ended questionnaires in line with the Pragmatic paradigm. The sample includes 205 participants who took part in various projects in the O.R Tambo district Eastern Cape area. SPSS was used to analyse the data. The findings of this study shed light on factors that can help assure project success in accordance with established theoretical frameworks, and how implementing these can help managers limit time and expense overruns, among other restrictions. Finally, the study suggests that project managers may boost team motivation by providing appropriate supervision, training, and rewarding hard effort.

Background: HPV 16 is the primary etiologic agent of cervical cancer and the presence of L1 and E6 oncoproteins are largely responsible for its virulence. It was the objective of this study to identify HPV16 isolates from suspected cases of cervical cancer at Specialist Hospital Sokoto and Sir Yahaya Memorail Hospiatal Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria and also to identifypotent HPV16’s L1 protein inhibitor using in silico analysis. Methods: A total of 144 cervical samples consisting of 21 low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 6 high grade lesion and 117 negative pap smears were collected. The samples were subjected for molecular detection using PCR targeting E6 gene of the virus. Data generated for the molecular prevalence was statistically analyzed using Chi-square method. AutoDock Vina was used to carry out the molecular docking between 2hr5 and Chicoric acid, curcumin and Echinacoside. Results: Out of the 144 samples, 24 samples were positive for the PCR representing 16.9% molecular prevalence rate. There is statistically significant association between cyto-diagnoses and presence of HPV16 (P < 0.05). Docking analysis showed that the Chicoric acid components of Echinacea purpurae have strong binding affinity (-8.7 kcal/mol) to the L1 protein of the HPV. Conclusion: This study provides data on HPV 16 epidemiology in northern Nigeria, and also provides novel evidence for consideration on certain interacting residues, when synthesizing Anti-HPV compounds in the wet lab. Keywords: HPV; Echinacea purpurae; chicoric acid; echinacoside; curcumin.

Graphical abstract, Highlights • Effective ultrasonic treatment domain identified for intermetallic fragmentation. • Intermetallic breakage occurred in, Grain refinement in alloys is a well-known effect of ultrasonic melt processing. Fragmentation of primary crystals by cavitation-induced action in liquid metals is considered as one of the main driving mechanisms for producing finer and equiaxed grain structures. However, in-situ observations of the fragmentation process are generally complex and difficult to follow in opaque liquid metals, especially for the free-floating crystals. In the present study, we develop a transparent test rig to observe in real time the fragmentation potential of free-floating primary Al3Zr particles under ultrasonic excitation in water (an established analogue medium to liquid aluminium for cavitation studies). An effective treatment domain was identified and fragmentation time determined using acoustic pressure field mapping. For the first time, real-time high-speed imaging captured the dynamic interaction of shock waves from the collapsing bubbles with floating intermetallic particles that led to their fragmentation. The breakage sequence as well as the cavitation erosion pattern were studied by means of post-treatment microscopic characterisation of the fragments. Fragment size distribution and crack patterns on the fractured surface were then analysed and quantified. Application of ultrasound is shown to rapidly (

Lokasi stategis Kabupaten Sampang yang berada pada jalur lintas pergerakan dari arah Timur-Barat Pulau Madura. Penduduk Kabupaten Pamekasan dan Kabupaten Sumenep yang menuju ke arah Surabaya atau sebaliknya, harus melintasi wilayah kabupaten Sampang. Kemacetan yang terjadi di Kecamatan Sampang bersifat lokal dan terjadi di beberapa simpang ketika jam sibuk. Simpang Monumen Trunojoyo termasuk Simpang yang menimbulkan kemacetan. Kemacetan di Simpang Monumen Trunojoyo di sebabkan oleh Simpang ini berada pada Jalur Jalan Nasional Surabaya-Sumenep yang di lewati kendaraat berat dan padat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai kinerja Simpang Monumen Trunojoyo di Kecamatan Sampang. Hasil penelitiannya yaitu kinerja Simpang Monumen Trunojoto pada seluruh pendekat memiliki tingkat pelayanan di bawah standard yaitu ≤ 0.75. Simulasi solver dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja simpang dengan merubah siklus pada persinyalan, terutama memodifikasi waktu hijau (detik) serta memodifikasi lebar efektif setiap pendekat. Didapatkan hasil optimasi nilai DS berkisar antara 0.66 hingga 0.7 < 0.75.

The normal embryological development, anatomical structural setup and physiological functionality of the genital system...

Seeds of plants of family: Leguminosae contain a majority of globulins protein (SG) which could be divided into both 11S and 7S globulins subunits..

The second stage of labour (SSOL) is defined as duration from fully dilated cervix until delivery of the baby [1-7]. A prolonged second stage is depicted, in nulliparous patients, as a lack of..

Keterbatasan lahan di Surabaya membuat kawasan Pantai Timur Surabaya (Pamurbaya) dilirik oleh pihak pengembang permukiman swasta. Namun, RTRW Kota Surabaya 2014 menetapkan kawasan Pamurbaya sebagai kawasan lindung/konservasi dengan zona ruang terbuka hijau. Dari seluruh kawasan konservasi Pamurbaya 92,66% masih berstatus kepemilikan perorangan. Sehingga terjadi kerawanan pelanggaran pada kawasan konservasi Pamurbaya. Dari perhitungan GIS faktual lapangan 2017, sudah terjadi pelanggaran sebesar 0,5% dari seluruh kawasan konservasi Pamurbaya. Selain itu kerawanan ini di perkuat dengan kondisi tutupan lahan saat ini, dari seluruh kawasan konservasi seluas 2.503,9 Ha, didominasi tutupan lahan tambak seluas 2080,40 Ha. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifakasi potensi pelanggaran pada kawasan konservasi Pamurbaya berdasarkan model spasial prediksi tren perkembangan lahan tahun 2034. Hasil penelitiannya adalah faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi perkembangan lahan di Pamurbaya adalah faktor adanya jaringan jalan lingkar luar timur Surabaya dan kedekatan dengan permukiman yang sudah ada. Pola perkembangan lahan eksisting di kawasan Pamurbaya selama 2011-2017 didominasi dengan pertumbuhan permukiman sebesar 602,35 Ha, dan tambak tumbuh sebesar 222,45 Ha. Kemudian berdasarkan prediksi tren perkembangan lahan Pamurbaya tahun 2034 dengan Cellular Automata , diprediksi permukiman akan tumbuh sebesar 62% dari luas saat ini, industri akan tumbuh sebesar 7%, perdagangan jasa akan tumbuh 15%. Juga diprediksi tambak akan berkurang 29% dari luas saat ini. Indetifikasi potensi pelanggaran kawasan konservasi Pamurbaya menghasilkan pada tahun 2029 kawasan konnservasi diprediksi akan terjadi pelanggaran 8,74% dan tahun 2034 akan terlanggar 24,02%.

Background Cancer is a growing public health problem worldwide. The focus of cancer treatment, in addition to curation, is improving the quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of Amharic version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) among gynecological cancer patients in Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the Amharic version of EORTC QLQ-C30 on 153 gynecological cancer patients in Tikur Anbassa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression were employed in statistical analysis. Results The Amharic version of EORTC QLQ-C30 had a Cronbach’s α value of 0.81. The internal consistency for each domain of EORTC QLQ-C30 was also acceptable (Cronbach’s α >0.7) except for cognitive function domain (Cronbach’s α = 0.29). Stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis showed that emotional functioning (p

Background : Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial syndrome in which a decrease in vaginal acidity and concentration of lactobacilli is accompanied by an increase of other pathogenic micro-organisms. The distribution of lactic acid bacteria in vaginal environment of Ethiopian women has not been documented. Objective :To assess the frequency of bacterial vaginosis in women visiting a gynecological clinic in Addis Ababa and to characterize the most common lactic acid bacteria isolated from vaginal fluid. Methods : Vaginal samples from a total of 100 women aged between 18 and 60 years and visiting a gynecological clinic in Addis Ababa were collected between January and June, 2008 and analyzed for their microbial flora. Their Nugent score was determined microscopically and Lactic acid bacteria were isolated, characterized and their drug resistance determined. Results : BV frequency among these study women was 32%. Only 15% were symptomatic as detected by the presence of malodor or abnormal discharge. The majority (44%) was in the age group of 18-30 years and less than a quarter of them had BV. It was also detected in about a third of women belonging to the two major religious denominations had BV. The frequency of BV among pregnant women was low. The frequency of BV in women with prior abortion was slightly higher than 1/3. A total of 350 lactic acid bacterial isolates were obtained and 40% of them belonged to Lactococcus species. Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus were encountered at different frequencies. Resistance was seen against all drugs at various frequencies among the LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria) isolates. Resistance of LAB to all antibiotics tested ranged between 20% and 42%, and the least resistance was noted against vancomycin. All women who had been positive for bacterial vaginosis were accordingly treated. Conclusion : Bacterial vaginosis may contribute to adverse reproductive outcomes. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in this study compares well with other African studies. The species richness and relative abundance of vaginal lactic acid bacteria in this study may be considered to design better probiotic products as bacterial replacement therapy.

Background : Female Genital Tuberculosis (FGTB) is one form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis affecting the female reproductive organs, most commonly the fallopian tubes and the endometrium. It affects young women aged between 20 and 40 years of age and is an important cause of infertility. It often occurs as a secondary complication following pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis depends mainly on clinical suspicion in countries where facilities for mycobacterial culture and histopathology are unavailable. Even in places where these facilities exist, diagnosis still remains difficult because of the lower sensitivity and specificity of the methods as well as the invasive procedure of acquiring biopsy specimens. Objective : To explore the immunological profiles of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) patients in response to mycobacterial antigens. Methods : Twenty-five clinically suspected cases of FGTB and 12 control subjects who came to the Black Lion hospital for unrelated gynecological problems were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from each subject. Plasma was separated by centrifugation and PBMC were isolated over ficoll-hypaque and stimulated in vitro with mycobacterial antigens to examine their proliferative response as incorporation of tritiated thymidine using a β-counter. HIV status and total IgG-, IgA- and IgM- antibody levels were determined by ELISA tests. Results : In vitro recall responses to M. tuberculosis antigens (PPD and BCG sonicate) as well as plasma levels of IgGIgA- and IgM-antibodies to MPT59 showed statistically significant differences between the patients and the controls (p Conclusion : The results show that PBMC of FGTB patients recognize M. tuberculosis antigens more strongly than PBMC of patients with other gynecological problems. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development Vol. 19(3) 2005: 219-24

This is an important contribution to the subject of abortion. Although the monograph has been prepared within the context of Ethiopia, many of the points raised in the monograph are applicable to many countries in Africa. Thus, the monograph would be of interest to the rest of sub-Saharan African countries, where abortion continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women. As the authors allude to in the preface, the monograph has been prepared for pre- and in-service training programmes, and as a reference material for health service providers. This is an important focus for this kind of work, as many health workers in Africa, especially middle level providers, continue to lack information about current methods of managing abortion and post-abortion complications. This orientation justifies the simple outline of the monograph and the use of a pleasant and easy-to-read diction. The monograph began with an introduction that placed the subject of abortion within the context of reproductive health in the global com-munity. It then went on to describe the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system, which included an elucidation of the symptoms and signs of pregnancy. It then defined the various kinds of abortion including spontaneous and induced abortion and provided a detailed outline of the methods of clinical recognition and management of the various types. It made conscious efforts to explain the concept of ``post-abortion care'' and the need to counsel women experiencing abortion about family planning as a way to prevent another abortion. This was followed by a simple summary of currently available methods of family planning and an exposition of the ways in which health workers can meaningfully promote their use to reduce the rates of unplanned pregnancies and unsafe abortion. In the final part of the monograph, the authors summarised a number of controversies and ongoing debates, which are continuously being used by opponents to deny women access to safe abortion services in Africa. Fortunately, they also cited several international documents such as recommendations from the ICPD and the Fourth World Conference on Women, which counter the arguments of those opposed to providing safe abortion services to women in Africa. This is an extremely well written monograph that would appeal to a wide reading audience and clientele in Africa. It should primarily be used by health workers (doctors, midwives and paramedical workers) and students in health-related disciplines, as it tends to provide detailed medical information on the subject. However, policymakers and social activists interested in knowing more about the scientific and medical aspects of abortion will also find the book very useful.

One of the phenomenon occured nowadays is the population increase. With the population raising, it will also be followed by the demand increase for transportation services. Along the corridor Ahmad Yani Surabaya evolve a linear region of Central Business District. Congestion in Jalan Ahmad Yani Surabaya according to data from a survey of Surabaya Transportation Agency in 2014, the average speed on Ahmad Yani corridor to various destinations around the connecting road only between 29.22 to 31.70 km/h. Congestion that occurs in peak hours was caused partly by high mobility, the volume of vehicles that do not fit with the capacity of the road, private car use too much, as well as the railway crossing which cause delays. Surabaya Smart Subway is the concept brought as an alternative modes of mass transportation with Transit Oriented Development theory application in Jl. Ahmad Yani in order to create a smart mobility paradigm.