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The herbal medicine market has grown considerably as an alternative currently used for the application of plants in the treatment of various diseases. In this environment, studies on the bioactivity of essential oils and the search for those that have antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant properties and also oils that can inhibit key enzymes are highlighted. However, research on the use of plants in the pharmaceutical industry, chemical composition of native species and possible biological activities are still scarce. Therefore, studies for the knowledge of native species with therapeutic potential gain great relevance. This study carried out a review of the research already done on essential oils from species with potentially promising biological activities for the contribution of the sustainable use of biodiversity and the relevance of their medicinal potential.

The traditional knowledge associated with the use of medicinal plants has significantly contributed to drug development research. In this context, Aloysia gratissima, commonly known as bee-brush or white-brush, has been widely used in Brazilian folk medicine as an analgesic and antimicrobial species. Phytochemical analysis of A. gratissima essential oil has identified sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (17.3%) as a major component with significant antibacterial activity. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the antibacterial effects of the essential oil obtained from A. gratissima (EOAG) and its major compound β-caryophyllene, as well as to evaluate their potential to act as efflux pumps inhibitors in association with conventional antibiotics. The phytochemical characterization of EOAG was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), while the antibacterial activity against the strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24, Staphylococcus aureus 10, and Escherichia coli 06 was assessed using the broth microdilution method. The antibiotic potentiating activity was investigated by analyzing the ability of the natural products to decrease the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin against S. aureus strains 1199B and K2068. A reduction in the MIC of ethidium bromide in the presence of essential oil components was interpreted as efflux pump inhibition. The GC-MS analysis identified 30 compounds, including β-caryophyllene as the major component. The antibacterial activity analysis demonstrated that both EOAG and β-caryophyllene both EOAG and β-caryophyllene presented antibacterial effects against S. aureus 10 (MIC = 32 μg/mL), in addition to potentiating the activity of norfloxacin against [S. aureus 10], [P. aeruginosa 24], and [E. coli 06]. The isolated compound also reversed the degree of antibiotic resistance observed in strains carrying efflux pumps. In conclusion, the essential oil of A. gratissima and β-caryophyllene have the potential to increase the effectiveness of antibiotics and as such can be used in the development of new therapies against bacterial resistance.

a Universidade Regional do Cariri, URCA, Cel Ant^onio Luis, 1161, 63105-000, Pimenta, Crato, CE, Brazil b Universidade Federal do Paran a, UFPR, XV de Novembro, 1299, 80.060-000, Centro, Curitiba, PR, Brazil c Universidade Regional de Blumenau, FURB, Ant^onio da Veiga, 140, 89030-903, Itoupava Seca, Blumenau, SC, Brazil d Laborat orio de investiga¸c~ao em Gen etica e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gon¸calo Moniz (IGM), Funda¸c~ao Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, BA 40296- 710, Brazil e Centro Universit ario Doutor Le~ao Sampaio (Unile~ao), Av. Maria Leticia Leite Pereira s/n, Lagoa Seca, Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil

Infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms has increased in the last years. Piper species have been reported as a natural source of phytochemicals that can help in combating fungal and bacterial infections. This study had as objectives characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil from Piper caldense (EOPC), evaluate its potential antimicrobial activity, and investigate the synergistic effect with Norfloxacin against multidrug-resistant S. aureus overproducing efflux pumps, as well as, verify the EOPC ability to inhibit the Candida albicans filamentation. EOPC was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography, allowing the identification of 24 compounds (91.9%) classified as hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (49.6%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (39.5%). Antimicrobial tests were performed using a 96-well plate microdilution method against C. albicans ATCC 10231, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 standard strains, as well as against multidrug-resistant strains S. aureus SA1199B (overexpressing norA gene), S. aureus K2068 (overexpressing mepA gene) and S. aureus K4100 (overexpressing qacC gene). The oil showed activity against C. albicans ATCC 10231 (≥ 512 µg/mL) and was able to inhibit hyphae formation, an important mechanism of virulence of C. albicans. On the other hand, EOPC was inactive against all bacterial strains tested (≤ 1,024 µg mL). However, when combined with Norfloxacin at subinhibitory concentration EOPC reduced the Norfloxacin and Ethidium bromide MIC values against S. aureus strains SA1199B, K2068 and K4100. These results indicate that EOPC is a source of phytochemicals acting as NorA, MepA and QacC inhibitors.

This study aimed to evaluate the intrinsic antibacterial activity and antibiotic-enhancing effect of an arylamino methylene derivative (MAD) in association with fluoroquinolones. The antibacterial activity against multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was analyzed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth micro dilution method. A reduction in the MIC of the fluoroquinolones against strains treated simultaneously with the MAD was interpreted as an enhanced antibiotic activity. While the MAD exhibited no clinically effective action (MIC ≥ 1.024 µg/mL), it was found to significantly potentiate the activity of norfloxacin, ofloxacin and lomefloxacin against all the strains, which may be related to structural similarities between the MAD and quinolones. Our findings suggest that Meldrum’s acid arylamino derivatives may represent promising molecules in the elaboration of new drugs to reverse resistance to fluoroquinolones.

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical profile and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Piper species and modulation of the antibiotic activity, using the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The chemical components were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, which revealed β-copaen-4-α-ol (31.38%), spathulenol (25.92%), and germacrene B (21.53%) as major constituents of the essential oils of Piper arboreum, Piper aduncum, and Piper gaudichaudianum, respectively. The essential oils analyzed in this study did not present a clinically relevant activity against standard and multiresistant Escherichia coli. However, in the case of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus, there was a significant activity, corroborating with reports in the literature, where Gram-positive bacteria are more susceptible to antimicrobial activity. The essential oils modulated the effect of the antibiotics norfloxacin and gentamicin, having on the latter greater modulating effect; however, for erythromycin, no statistically significant effect was observed. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the essential oils of the analyzed Piper species present an inhibitory effect against S. aureus and modulate antibiotic activity, most of which presents synergistic activity.

Este artigo aborda a análise do sistema de drenagem urbana e as inundações do Canal do Anhaia, localizado na área de influência imediata do Porto D. Pedro II no município de Paranaguá, Litoral do Paraná. O estudo tem por base a carta georreferenciada MI - 2858/2-NE FOLHA SG.22-X-D-V/2-NE do Ministério do Exército–Departamento de Engenharia e Construção, Diretoria de Serviços Geográfico Região Sul do Brasil na Escala 1-25.000 que permite identificar os limites de espaço. Foram levantados, junto à Estação de Meteorologia de Paranaguá, vinculada ao 8º Distrito de Meteorologia de Porto Alegre, os eventos de precipitações diárias (mm³) concentradas ou com distribuição moderada do município. O período de análise compreendeu a média mensal de precipitação entre 2010 e 2019. Para a identificação das áreas inundáveis ou alagáveis foi utilizada a compilação de informações provenientes de duas fontes: a empresa Águas de Paranaguá e a Prefeitura Municipal de Paranaguá e adicionalmente observações pessoais dos autores sistematizadas durante os trabalhos de campo desse projeto e anedóticas em outras atividades profissionais na cidade de Paranaguá. O estudo permitiu perceber que o nível da maré e as precipitações, são fatores naturais, que influenciam no escoamento das águas do Canal na Baia de Paranaguá, entretanto, percebeu-se que os alagamentos, são de origem antrópica tendo em vista, as alterações que ocorreram na área de estudo, tais, com, a impermeabilização do solo, mudança na geometria do Canal, lixos e entulhos nas margens do Canal, deficiência nas bocas de lobo e alteração no ciclo hidrológico local. Conclui-se que as inundações que ocorrem na região podem ser evitadas com medidas preventivas de manutenção, limpeza na rede de drenagem, limpeza nas vias de acesso além de ações mitigatórias com a comunidade através de projetos de educação ambiental.

Background: Aloysia gratissima (Verbenaceae), popularly known as bee-brush or whitebrush, has been widely used in Brazilian folk medicine as analgesic, expectorant and antimicrobial. Phytochemical studies have identified β-caryophyllene as one of the major components of the essential oil of this plant. This bioactive sesquiterpene has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Purpose: The present study aimed to characterize the chemical profile and evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing activities of the essential oil obtained from Aloysia gratíssima (EOAG) and β-caryophyllene. Methods: The phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24, Staphylococcus aureus 10, and Escherichia coli 06 was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth microdilution method. The potentiation of the antibiotic activity by the EOAG and the β-caryophyllene was performed using the MIC evaluation of the antibiotic alone or in association with the essential oil and its main compound. To evaluate the minimum reduction of the drug concentration necessary, the Dose Reduction Index (DRI) was calculated. Results: A reduction in the MIC of the antibiotics against strains treated simultaneously with the essential oil or β-caryophyllene was observed. The GC-MS analysis of the EOAG identified 30 compounds, including β-caryophyllene as the major component. Both OEAG and β-caryophyllene presented antibacterial activity against S. aureus, in addition to potentiating the action of norfloxacin against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. Conclusions: These substances also reversed the antibiotic resistance to gentamicin and erythromycin against of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively.

O estudo trata do manejo de biodiversidade por pescadores artesanais. Fez-se um levantamento da biodiversidade manejada pela comunidade da Ilha do Mel - Paraná. Foram listadas e identificadas 64 espécies de peixes, além de outros animais aquáticos e terrestres manejados em menor quantidade. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que a biodiversidade identificada e as formas de manejo caracterizam práticas de uso comum típicas de comunidades tradicionais.

In a recent study, our research group demonstrated that the essential oil of Ocotea odorifera (EOOO) and its major compound safrole potentiated the action fluoroquinolones, modulating bacterial resistance possibly due to direct inhibition of efflux pumps. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether these treatments could enhance the activity of gentamicin and erythromycin against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The EOOO was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antibiotic-enhancing effect of the EOOO and safrole against MDR strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was analyzed by the broth microdilution method. The chemical analysis confirmed the presence of safrole as a major component among the 16 compounds identified in the EOOO. Both the essential oil and the isolated compound showed clinically relevant antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Regarding the modulation of antibiotic resistance, the EOOO was found to enhance the activity of erythromycin against the strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, as well as improving the action of gentamicin against S. aureus. On the other hand, safrole potentiated the activity of gentamicin against the S. aureus strain alone. It is concluded, therefore, that the EOOO and safrole can enhance the activity of macrolides and aminoglycosides, and as such are useful in the development of therapeutic tools to combat bacterial resistance against these classes of antibiotics.

This paper aims to reflect on the challenges and perspectives related to the first phase of the construction of interdisciplinary research, a discipline of the Postgraduate Program of Sustainable Territorial Development, Federal University of Paraná - Brazil (PPGDTS/UFPR), which aims to diagnose and identify the research problem. This discipline meets the objectives of the Program and aims fundamentally to promote, through interdisciplinary perspective, the dialogue with theoretical and methodological approaches that articulate natural and social sciences and consider the diversity, complexity, local knowledge and different livelihoods in the analysis of reality. The proposed interdisciplinary exercise requires the formation of a new perspective on reality, formed by the dialogue between different areas and forms of knowledge; a look that, open to new possibilities, goes back to the territory and to sustainable development. The objective of the first stage of interdisciplinary research was reached with regard to the territorial diagnosis and the identification / construction of research problems. The collectively constructed observation and diagnostic work allowed each individual student to exercise reflexivity, maturing his or her research object; not obviously in the same territory, but within the theme of Sustainable Territorial Development. Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre los desafíos y las perspectivas relacionadas con la primera fase de la construcción de la investigación interdisciplinaria, una disciplina del Programa de Posgrado en Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible de la Universidad Federal de Paraná - Brasil (PPGDTS / UFPR), cuyo objetivo es diagnosticar e identificar El problema de investigación. Esta disciplina cumple los objetivos del Programa y tiene como objetivo fundamental promover, a través de una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, el diálogo con enfoques teóricos y metodológicos que articulen las ciencias naturales y sociales y consideren la diversidad, la complejidad, el conocimiento local y los diferentes medios de subsistencia en el análisis de la realidad. El ejercicio interdisciplinario propuesto requiere la formación de una nueva perspectiva de la realidad, formada por el diálogo entre diferentes áreas y formas de conocimiento; una mirada que, abierta a nuevas posibilidades, vuelve al territorio y al desarrollo sostenible. El objetivo de la primera fase de la investigación interdisciplinaria se logró con respecto al diagnóstico territorial y la identificación / construcción de problemas de investigación. El trabajo de observación y diagnóstico construido colectivamente permitió que cada alumno ejerciera la reflexividad, madurando su objeto de investigación; obviamente no en el mismo territorio, sino bajo el tema de Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible. Este artigo pretende refletir sobre os desafios e perspectivas relacionados com a primeira fase da construção da investigação interdisciplinar, uma disciplina do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável da Universidade Federal do Paraná - Brasil (PPGDTS/UFPR), que visa diagnosticar e identificar o problema da investigação. Esta disciplina cumpre os objetivos do Programa e visa fundamentalmente promover, através de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, o diálogo com abordagens teóricas e metodológicas que articulem as ciências naturais e sociais e considerem a diversidade, complexidade, conhecimento local e diferentes meios de subsistência na análise da realidade. O exercício interdisciplinar proposto exige a formação de uma nova perspectiva da realidade, formada pelo diálogo entre diferentes áreas e formas de conhecimento; um olhar que, aberto a novas possibilidades, regressa ao território e ao desenvolvimento sustentável. O objetivo da primeira fase da investigação interdisciplinar foi alcançado no que diz respeito ao diagnóstico territorial e à identificação / construção de problemas de investigação. O trabalho de observação e diagnóstico construído coletivamente permitiu a cada estudante individual exercer reflexividade, amadurecendo o seu objeto de investigação; não obviamente no mesmo território, mas no âmbito do tema do Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável.

O município de Paranaguá está localizado na planície litorânea do Estado do Paraná, também nela está localizado o Porto D. Pedro II, importante fonte de renda para a cidade e na organização do espaço urbano de Paranaguá. Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar as temperaturas médias térmicas e correlacionar com a ocupação do solo no período entre 1950 e 2019 na cidade de Paranaguá - Paraná. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa nos arquivos do IBGE Paranaguá, 8º Distrito de Meteorologia de Porto Alegre-RS, pesquisa de campo no período de 2007 a 2019 na Estação de Meteorologia de Paranaguá. A coleta dos dados foi realizada às 09h00min, 15h00min e 21h00minh seguindo horários estabelecidos pela (OMM). Utilizando processamento matemático, foram analisadas as variações da temperatura e precipitações diárias para o período entre janeiro de 1950 e dezembro de 2019. Para a observação no uso de ocupação do solo foram utilizadas fotos antigas e atuais do município, e fez-se uma análise nas temperaturas médias e no crescimento populacional para correlacionar com o uso do solo. No período entre 1950 e 1970 a temperatura média do Município foi de 21,1°C e as precipitações médias foram de 2.173 mm, período caracterizado pelas atividades portuárias em expansão, com o Ciclo do Café. Para o período entre 1971 e 2000, início do ciclo da diversificação, observou-se que houve aumento significativo na média da temperatura, observou-se que a média registrada foi de 21,9ºC com um volume de precipitações de 2.213mm em média. Para o período compreendido entre 2001 e 2019, a temperatura média registrada foi de 22,42 ºC e volumes de precipitações na faixa de 2.238 mm. Os resultados parciais da pesquisa mostram que no período estudado houve aumento nas temperaturas médias, bem como aumento nos volumes de precipitações.

Considering the evidence that essential oils, as well as safrole, could modulate bacterial growth in different resistant strains, this study aims to characterize the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating properties of the essential oil Ocotea odor&iacute, fera (EOOO) and safrole against efflux pump (EP)-carrying strains. The EOOO was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activities of the EOOO and safrole against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed through the broth microdilution method. The EP-inhibiting potential of safrole in association with ethidium bromide or antibiotics was evaluated using the S. aureus 1199B and K2068 strains, which carry genes encoding efflux proteins associated with antibiotic resistance to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. A reduction in the MIC of ethidium bromide or antibiotics was used as a parameter of EP inhibition. The phytochemical analysis identified 16 different compounds in the EOOO including safrole as the principal constituent. While the EOOO and safrole exerted clinically relevant antibacterial effects against S. aureus only, they potentiated the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin against all strains evaluated by our study. The ethidium bromide and antibiotic assays using the strains of S. aureus SA1119B and K2068, as well as molecular docking analysis, indicated that safrole inhibits the NorA and MepA efflux pumps in S. aureus. In conclusion, Ocotea odorifera and safrole presented promising antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing properties, which should be explored in the development of drugs to combat antibacterial resistance, especially in strains bearing genes encoding efflux proteins.

Objective Efflux pumps are transmembrane proteins associated with bacterial resistance mechanisms. Bacteria use these proteins to actively transport antibiotics to the extracellular medium, preventing the pharmacological action of these drugs. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial activity of 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides, as well as their ability to inhibit efflux systems of Staphylococcus aureus strains expressing different levels of the NorA efflux pump. Methods The broth microdilution test was performed to assess antibacterial activity. Efflux pump inhibition was evaluated in silico by molecular docking and in vitro by fluorometric tests, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The MIC was determined in the association between 1,8-naphthyridine and norfloxacin or ethidium bromide. Results The 1,8-naphthyridines did not show direct antibacterial activity. However, they effectively reduced the MIC of multidrug-resistant bacteria by associating with norfloxacin and ethidium bromide, in addition to increasing the fluorescence emission. In silico analysis addressing the binding between NorA and 1,8-naphthyridines suggests that hydrogen bonds and hydrophilic interactions represent the interactions with the most favourable binding energy, corroborating the experimental data. Conclusion Our data suggest that 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides inhibit bacterial resistance through molecular mechanisms associated with inhibition of the NorA efflux pump in S. aureus strains.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a importância do manejo de recursos vegetais no Litoral do Paraná às vistas do uso pelas comunidades locais. Efetuou-se um estudo etnobotânico para a compreensão acerca do manejo e conhecimento de espécies nativas. Partimos do pressuposto teórico dos significados atribuídos ao território e a construção do mesmo por meio da sua dimensão simbólica. A abordagem feita aos entrevistados foi de forma dialógica, seguindo um roteiro norteador. Neste roteiro, durante as conversas foram anotados e gravados com a devida autorização, dados referentes às plantas medicinais. O trabalho identificou um grande número de espécies, sendo citadas 58 espécies com alguns usos.A partir das reflexões aqui expostas, acreditamos que seja possível fornecer subsídios para elaboração e direcionamento de estratégias de desenvolvimento e medidas de conservação na região, levando em consideração as formas de conhecimento tradicional sobre os recursos florestais e a sua influência para a preservação da integridade cultural e social deste ecossistema. Por fim, destacamos a relevância das populações tradicionais para a perpetuação do conhecimento e a conservação da biodiversidade local.

No Brasil a evasão é um fenômeno que começou a ser objeto de estudo das políticas educacionais a partir da década de 90. Com a expansão universitária no período de 2005à 2014 é imprescindível ampliar e caracterizar esse fenômeno. A UFPR em seu Setor Litoral oferece uma proposta diferenciada de ensino, mas apesar de diversos relatos acerca da proposta pedagógica e estudos sobre os cursos, ainda são raros os estudos sobre o processo de evasão. Neste artigo descrevemos uma pesquisa realizada sobre a evasão no curso de Licenciatura em Ciências. A análise compreendeu as turmas ingressantes no período entre 2012 e 2016. O universo compreendeu93 sujeitos, dos quais 20,4% são respondentes, desses 63,4% são do sexo feminino e 36,6% do sexo masculino. O curso atraiu candidatos de outras regiões, sendo 72,7% do litoral paranaense e 23,3% de outras regiões. A escolaridade pregressa dos/as diplomados no ensino médio ganhou destaque na análise ao identificarmos que 77,2% cursaram o ensino fundamental e médio integralmente em escolas públicas e 22,7% cursaram integralmente ou em sua maior parte em escolas particulares. No que diz respeito à escolaridade dos genitores 31,8%dos pais dos/as inquiridos/as cursaram até o ensino fundamental, 22,7% completaram o ensino médio e 31,8% cursaram até o ensino superior. De forma similar, o estudo indicou que 22,7% das mães cursaram até o ensino fundamental, 50% cursaram até o ensino médio e 18,1% alcançaram o ensino superior. A pesquisa indicou também os principais motivos que influenciaram a evasão: a insatisfação com o curso (27,2%), dificuldade de adaptação ao município onde a universidade está sediada(18,1%), paternidade ou maternidade (13,6%), problemas familiares (13,6%) e dificuldade de acesso à política de assistência estudantil (4,5%) Por fim, a análise de todos os fatores que induzem o acadêmico a abandonar o curso evidenciou que o processo de evasão não é motivado por um único fator; há um conjunto amplo de determinantes que constituem o processo de evasão desses estudantes

We re-assess the taxonomic status of Owenia Delle Chiaje, 1841 from Southern Brazil based on estuarine specimens from Paranaguá Bay (Paraná) and Babitonga Bay (Santa Catarina), and literature records. Owenia caissara sp. n. is diagnosed by a branchial crown with five pairs of tentacles, branched close to the base of the crown, rectilinear collar with a pronounced lateral slit, two ventrolateral ocelli partially covered by the collar, up to 23 hooks on a single row in the first abdominal segment, regularly curved nuchal shape, regularly moderate teeth curvature, and long and thin scales with oval transition. The description of Owenia caissara sp. n. reinforces the idea that Owenia fusiformis sensu lato is a complex of closely related species that can be distinguished on the basis of both macro- and micro- morphological traits.

Presently, results from a study carried out in this area using the essential oil from the Calyptranthes concinna species, a representative from the Myrtaceae family, are reported. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to identify its chemical constituents. Antibacterial activity was determined using the broth microdilution method, thus obtaining the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value, from which the subinhibitory concentration (MIC/8) was derived. The C. concinna essential oil presented antibacterial activity against both standard and multiresistant bacteria. In addition, the oil demonstrated an antibiotic activity potentiation against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli when in combination with the antibiotic gentamicin, reducing the MIC from 141.38 &mu, g/mL and 208.63 &mu, g/mL to 64 &mu, g/mL and 128 &mu, g/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Findings from the present study suggest this oil is promising in terms of its antimicrobial activity.

This study is a pioneer in reporting the antibacterial properties of the species Croton ceanothifolius Baill. The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae composed of numerous species with documented biological activities. However, the pharmacological properties of C. ceanothifolius remain poorly understood. The leaves of this plant were submitted to hydrodistillation for essential oil (CcEO) extraction and the phytochemical characterization of the oil was performed by GC/MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the CcEO was determined for the evaluation of antibacterial activity against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The antibiotic-modulating activity of the oil, in combination with antibiotics, was also evaluated. The combination of the CcEO with penicillin, norfloxacin, and gentamicin presented a synergistic effect. This effect was more significant for the association with antibiotics of the quinolone and aminoglycoside classes against Escherichia coli. The association of oil with gentamicin showed better results with regard to the Gram-positive strain. The association of the oil with norfloxacin against P. aeruginosa also showed synergism, but the association with penicillin did not change the effect of this antibiotic. Thus, it is concluded that C. ceanothifolius essential oil selectively potentiates the action of antibiotics against multiresistant strains.

This study describes the use of native species of the Paraná Coastal. The work was carried out with traditional communities of the region with the objective of contemplating the genetic resources available in the forest, local cultural diversity and the sustainable use of natural resources. The approach taken to the interviewees followed a guideline, with information on the identification of respondents, data referring to Medicinal Plants and Non-Conventional Food Plants. There were 67 plants with some uses mentioned. It was identified that in the community 64% of the residents interviewed were retired and live on fishing and farming. It was observed that women have extensive knowledge about medicinal plants, men already know much more about tree species destined to the construction, either of boats or houses. It was verified the importance of the traditional knowledge about the medicinal plants for the discovery of bioactive compounds and income generation. Resumen El artículo describe el uso sostenible de especies nativas del Litoral del Paraná. El trabajo fue conducido con comunidades tradicionales de la región con el objetivo de contemplar el recurso genético disponible en el bosque, la diversidad cultural local y el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales. El enfoque de los entrevistados siguió un itinerario orientador, con informaciones sobre la identificación, datos referentes a las plantas medicinales y Plantas Alimentares no Convencionales y demás usos de la biodiversidad. Se han citado 67 plantas. Se identificó que en la comunidad el 64% de los residentes entrevistados eran jubilados y viven de la pesca y la labranza. Se observó que las mujeres poseen amplio conocimiento sobre plantas medicinales, ya los hombres conocen mucho más sobre especies arbóreas destinadas a la construcción. Se constató la importancia del saber tradicional acerca de las especies para el descubrimiento de compuestos bioactivos y generación de ingresos. Resumo Este estudo descreve as potencialidades do uso sustentável de espécies nativas do Litoral do Paraná. O trabalho foi conduzido com comunidades tradicionais da região com o objetivo de contemplar o recurso genético disponível na floresta, a diversidade cultural local e o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. A abordagem feita aos entrevistados seguiu um roteiro norteador, com informações sobre a identificação dos entrevistados, dados referentes às Plantas Medicinais e Plantas Alimentares não Convencionais e demais usos da biodiversidade. Foram citadas 67 plantas com algumas utilizações. Identificou-se que, na comunidade, 64% dos moradores entrevistados eram aposentados e vivem da pesca e lavoura. Observou-se que as mulheres detêm amplo conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais, já os homens conhecem muito mais sobre espécies arbóreas destinadas à construção, seja de barcos ou casas. Constatou-se a importância do saber tradicional acerca das plantas medicinais para a descoberta de compostos bioativos e geração de renda.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and the antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activities of the essential oils of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam (OEEb) and Piper mosenii C. DC (OEPm) singly or in association with blue LED (Light-emitting diode) light. The antibacterial and antibiotic-modulatory activities of the essential oils on the activity of aminoglycosides were evaluated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, &mu, g/mL) in the presence or absence of exposure to blue LED light. The chemical analysis showed &alpha, pinene and bicyclogermacrene as major constituents of OEPm, whereas &alpha, muurolol was the main compound of OEEb. Both OEEb and OEPm showed MIC &ge, 512 &mu, g/mL against the strains under study. However, the association of these oils with the blue LED light enhanced the action of the aminoglycosides amikacin and gentamicin. In conclusion, the association of aminoglycosides with the blue LED light and essential oils was effective against resistant bacteria.

Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de um estudo acerca da concentração dos elementos traço Cu, Cr, Pb e Zn, no solo, em diferentes pontos da área portuária do Porto de Dom Pedro II, em Paranaguá - Brasil, destacando-se o potencial de contaminação que os residentes locais estão sujeitos à exposição. Os locais de amostragem foram definidos com base nas diferenças entre as dinâmicas locais, a influência da micro bacia do Canal das Marés e o processo de ocupação do espaço. Após tratamento físico, as amostras foram submetidos à digestão ácida com, HNO3 e HCl concentrados e H2O2 à 30% v/v, de acordo com a metodologia US.EPA 3050b. Após esse procedimento, os analitos foram lidos em equipamento de Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica por Chama. Para medição do pH, utilizou-se CaCl2 à 0,01M, na relação solo/solução 1:2,5. Com base nos limites de concentração de elementos traço no solo estabelecidos na Resolução Nº 420/09 do CONAMA e pela Decisão de Diretoria Nº 045/14 da CETESB, e, em comparação com a unidade de Testemunha, observou-se que, em determinadas épocas do ano, houve a variação da concentração de elementos traços no solo mas, de uma forma geral, pode-se dizer que os blocos analisados apresentam altas concentrações dos elementos Cu, Cr, Pb e Zn. Conclui-se que há contaminação e este estudo, serve como parâmetro indicador para novas pesquisas sobre os níveis de contaminação em decorrência da atividade portuária.

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and to verify, in silico and in vitro, the inhibition of efflux mechanisms using a series of synthesized 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamides against Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying MepA efflux pumps. The chemical synthesis occurred through the thermolysis of the Meldrum's acid adduct. The sulfonamide derivatives were obtained by the sulfonylation of 2-amino-5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridine with commercial benzenesulfonyl chloride. Antibacterial activity was assessed by the broth microdilution test. Efflux pump inhibitory capacity was evaluated in silico by molecular docking and in vitro by analyzing synergistic effects on ciprofloxacin and ethidium bromide (EtBr) and by EtBr fluorescence emission assays. The following 1,8-naphthyridines were synthesized: 4-methyl-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10a); 2,5-dichloro-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10b); 4-fluoro-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10c); 2,3,4-trifluoro-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10d); 3-trifluoromethyl-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10e); 4‑bromo-2,5-difluoro-N-(5‑chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (Compound 10f). The 1,8-naphthyridines derivatives associated with sulfonamides did not show antibacterial activity. However, they showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with possible MepA efflux pump inhibitory action, demonstrated in molecular docking. In addition to the promising results in reducing the concentration of intracellular EtBr. 1,8-naphthyridines act as putative agents in the inhibitory action of the MepA efflux pump.

The family Piperaceae is known for presenting in its species flavoring, healing and antimicrobial properties among others. The objective of the present study was: to study the chemical profile of the essential oil of Piper rivinoides (EOPR); to analyze its anti-bacterial and antifungal potential, as well as to evaluate the antifungal and antibiotic-modifying capacity. The chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID), allowing the identification of 7 constituents of a total of 86.99%. E-Isoelemicin was identified as the main constituent of petroleum (40.81%). Clinically relevant MIC results were obtained against fungi in which the inhibitory concentration remained