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BackgroundTo date， pharmacologic therapy is considered the standard first-line treatment for insomnia disorder， but there are still some concerns over the adverse reactions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia （CBT-I） as an alternative to pharmacologic therapy have the advantages of fewer side effects and better patient tolerance in the treatment of chronic insomnia disorder.ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of rTMS and CBT-I on chronic insomnia disorder， so as to provide a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic insomnia disorder.MethodsA total of 50 patients with chronic insomnia disorder attending the outpatient clinic of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center or community hospital from September 21， 2020 to December 16， 2021 and fulfilling the International Classification of Sleep Disorders， third edition （ICSD-3） diagnostic criteria were enrolled. Additionally， 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls recruited from the community were set as control group. Patients were randomly divided into rTMS group and CBT-I group， 25 cases in each group， and received rTMS or CBT-I intervention for 6 weeks respectively. At enrollment and completion of intervention， patients were subjected to Polysomnography （PSG）， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）， Insomnia Severity Index （ISI） and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status （RBANS）. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （rs-fMRI） scans， and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation （ALFF） was calculated. The brain regions with statistically different ALFF values between patient group and control group were chosen as regions of interest （ROIs）， and whole-brain seed-based functional connectivity analyses were conducted.ResultsAfter a 6-week intervention in the two groups， the main effect of time was significant for PSQI （F=41.160， P

To investigate the effects of ordinary PE packaging (CK) and physically active packaging (PA) on post-harvest storage quality, respiratory metabolism, and energy metabolism of Lentinula edodes, L. edodes '808' was used as experimental material, and stored at (4±1) ° and 90%±5% relative humidity for 12 d. The sensory evaluation, weight loss, hardness, total soluble solids, soluble protein, respiration rate, key enzyme activities in respiration and energy metabolism, energy substance, and energy charge of L. edodes were measured every 3 d. The results showed that PA treatment delayed the deterioration of the sensory quality of L. edodes, inhibited the increase of the weight loss rate, retarded the decline of the hardness, total soluble solids, and soluble proteins, reduced the respiratory intensity, and postponed the emergence of L. edodes respiratory peaks. Further research indicated that L. edodes under PA treatment were able to maintain higher levels of cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzyme activities while inhibiting the rapid increase in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (PGI), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) enzyme activities. Meanwhile, PA treatment also suppressed the degradation of ATP and ADP in L. edodes, and maintained a high level of energy charge. The correlation analysis revealed that the sensory quality of L. edodes was a highly significantly positive correlation with hardness, total soluble solids, MDH, ATP, and energy charge (P<0.01), significantly positive correlation with soluble proteins and ADP (P<0.05), and highly significantly negative correlation with weight loss, and AMP (P<0.01), indicating that storage quality of L. edodes during storage in PA group was strongly correlated with energy levels. Therefore, physical active packaging can effectively inhibit the post-harvest respiration and energy metabolism of L. edodes, maintain storage quality, and reduce economic losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersionless flat bands (FBs) in momentum space, given rise to electron destructive interference in frustrated lattices, offer opportunities to enhance electronic correlations and host exotic many‐body phenomena, such as Wigner crystal, fractional quantum hall state, and superconductivity. Despite successes in theory, great challenges remain in experimentally realizing FBs in frustrated lattices due to thermodynamically structural instability. Here, the observation of electronic FB in a potassium distorted colouring triangle (DCT) lattice is reported, which is supported on a blue phosphorene‐gold network. It is verified that the interaction between potassium and the underlayer dominates and stabilizes the frustrated structures. Two‐dimensional electron gas is modulated by the DCT lattice, and in turn results in a FB dispersion due to destructive quantum interferences. The FB exhibits suppressed bandwidth with high density of states, which is directly observed by scanning tunneling microscopy and confirmed by the first‐principles calculation. This work demonstrates that DCT lattice is a promising platform to study FB physics and explore exotic phenomena of correlation and topological matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social confidence functions as a vital spiritual force in fostering the positive and healthy evolution of society. This paper explores how social media exposure contributes to the construction of social confidence within the framework of Media-system Dependency Theory. The research unveils the following key findings: (1) Social media exposure positively facilitates social confidence; (2) Group efficacy and group cohesion, perceived as manifestations of cognitive divergence between "efficacy" and "collective" within collective efficacy, both serve as mediating mechanisms influencing the impact of social media exposure on social confidence. The Channel Testing of Causality confirms that group cohesion plays a significantly more crucial role as a pathway compared to group efficacy; (3) The differentiated impact of social media exposure, encompassing Tencent WeChat and Sina Weibo, materializes in distinct components of social confidence and follows different influence pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early 2020, China experienced a mass outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). With an aim to evaluate the impact of emission variations on toxic element species in PM2.5 and the health risks associated with inhalation exposure during COVID-19, we collected PM2.5 filter samples in Beijing from January 1 to February 28, 2020. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a health risk (HR) assessment model were used to assess the health risks of the toxic elements and critical risk sources. The total concentration of eight toxic elements (Se, Cd, Pb, Zn, As, Cu, Ni, and Cr) in Beijing showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing: full lockdown (322.9 ng m−3) > pre-lockdown (264.2 ng m−3) > partial lockdown (245.3 ng m−3). During the lockdown period, stringent control measures resulted in significant reductions (6−20%) in Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ni levels, while concentrations of Se, As, Cu, and Cr were unexpectedly elevated (14−348%). A total of five sources was identified: traffic emission, coal combustion, dust emission, industrial emission and mixed source of biomass burning and firework combustion. Total carcinogenic risk (TCR) of the selected toxic elements exceeded the US EPA limits for children and adults. As and Cr (IV) were the main contributors to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively. For source-resolved risks, coal combustion was the main contributor to HI (43%), while industrial emissions were the main cause of TCR (45%). Additionally, increased contributions from coal combustion, biomass burning, and firework combustion during the full lockdown elevated the HI and TCR values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]