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Background and purpose: In recent years, there has been extensive research on the role of exercise as an adjunctive therapy for cancer. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor therapy of exercise in lung cancer remain to be fully elucidated. As such, our study aims to confirm whether exercise-induced elevation of epinephrine can accelerate CD8+ T cell recruitment through modulation of chemokines and thus ultimately inhibit tumor progression. Method: C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis lung cancer cells (LLCs) to establish a subcutaneous tumor model. The tumor mice were randomly divided into different groups to performed a moderate-intensity exercise program on a treadmill for 5 consecutive days a week, 45 min a day. The blood samples and tumor tissues were collected after exercise for IHC, RT-qPCR, ELISA and Western blot. In addition, another group of mice received daily epinephrine treatment for two weeks (0.05 mg/mL, 200 µL i.p.) (EPI, n = 8) to replicate the effects of exercise on tumors in vivo. Lewis lung cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of epinephrine (0, 5, 10, 20 µM) to detect the effect of epinephrine on chemokine levels via ELISA and RT-qPCR. Results: This study reveals that both pre- and post-cancer exercise effectively impede the tumor progression. Exercise led to an increase in EPI levels and the infiltration of CD8+ T cell into the lung tumor. Exercise-induced elevation of EPI is involved in the regulation of Ccl5 and Cxcl10 levels further leading to enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration and ultimately inhibiting tumor progression. Conclusion: Exercise training enhance the anti-tumor immunity of lung cancer individuals. These findings will provide valuable insights for the future application of exercise therapy in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: Previous work searching for sexual dimorphism has largely relied on the comparison of trait mean vectors between sexes in dioecious plants. Whether trait scaling (i.e., the ratio of proportional changes in covarying traits) differs between sexes, along with its functional significance, remains unclear. Methods: We measured 10 vegetative traits pertaining to carbon, water, and nutrient economics across 337 individuals (157 males and 180 females) of the diocious species Eurya japonica during the fruiting season in eastern China. Piecewise structural equation modeling was employed to reveal the scaling relationships of multiple interacting traits, and multivariate analysis of (co)variance was conducted to test for intersexual differences. Results: There was no sexual dimorphism in terms of trait mean vectors across the 10 vegetative traits in E. japonica. Moreover, most relationships for covarying trait pairs (17 out of 19) exhibited common scaling slopes between sexes. However, the scaling slopes for leaf phosphorus (P) vs. nitrogen (N) differed between sexes, with 5.6‐ and 3.0‐fold increases of P coinciding with a 10‐fold increase of N in male and female plants, respectively. Conclusions: The lower ratio of proportional changes in P vs. N for females likely reflects stronger P limitation for their vegetative growth, as they require greater P investments in fruiting. Therefore, P vs. N scaling can be a key avenue allowing for sex‐specific strategic optimization under unequal reproductive requirements. This study uncovers a hidden aspect of secondary sex character in dioecious plants, and highlights the use of trait scaling to understand sex‐defined economic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy-metal homeostasis and detoxification is crucial for cell viability. P-type ATPases of the class IB (PIB) are essential in these processes, actively extruding heavy metals from the cytoplasm of cells. Here we present the structure of a PIB- ATPase, a Legionella pneumophila CopA [Cu.sup.+]-ATPase, in a copper-free form, as determined by X-ray crystallography at 3.2 Å resolution. The structure indicates a three-stage copper transport pathway involving several conserved residues. A PIB-specific transmembrane helix kinks at a double-glycine motif displaying an amphipathic helix that lines a putative copper entry point at the intracellular interface. Comparisons to [Ca.sup.2+]-ATPase suggest an ATPase-coupled copper release mechanism from the binding sites in the membrane via an extracellular exit site. The structure also provides a framework to analyse missense mutations in the human ATP7A and ATP7B proteins associated with Menkes' and Wilson's diseases., P-type ATPases are integral membrane pumps that derive energy from ATP hydrolysis to maintain ion homeostasis, electrochemical gradients and lipid bilayer asymmetry in cells (1,2). The P-type ATPase superfamily encompasses [...]

A strategy based on grafting organocatalytic units as side-chain on the organic linkers, a TEMPO radical decorated terphenyl-dicarboxylic acid linker was synthesized. By employing acetic acid as modulator, TEMPO radical decorated UiO-68-TEMPO nanocrystals were synthesized by using H2tpdc-TEMPO as organic linker and ZrOCl2 as metal source under solvothermal conditions. UiO-68-TEMPO are monodispersed nanocrystals with side in the range of 800-1200 nm, with high BET areas (up to 1320 m2/g), and contain a large number of TEMPO radicals as evidenced by solid-state EPR spectrum. UiO-68-TEMPO nanocrystals enable selective oxidation of a broad range of alcohols, including primary aromatic alcohols, secondary aromatic alcohols, and heterogeneous atomic alcohols, with high efficiency and selectivity. The catalytic activity of UiO-68-TEMPO nanocrystals remains 75% after catalysis for four cycles. Finally, a plausible catalytic mechanism for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol by UiO-68-TEMPO was proposed, that is the TBN co-catalyst produces NO2/NO redox mediator, which enables the oxidation of TEMPO radicals to oxoammonium cations by O2, and finally oxidize benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde.