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Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are highly dispersed millisecond-duration radio bursts, of which the physical origin is still not fully understood. FRB 20201124A is one of the most actively repeating FRBs. In this paper, we present the collection of 1863 burst dynamic spectra of FRB 20201124A measured with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The current collection, taken from the observation during the FRB active phase from April to June 2021, is the largest burst sample detected in any FRB so far. The standard PSRFITs format is adopted, including dynamic spectra of the burst, and the time information of the dynamic spectra, in addition, mask files help readers to identify the pulse positions are also provided.

The pulse profile of PSR B1133+16 is usually regarded as a conal-double structure. However, its multifrequency profiles cannot simply be fitted with two Gaussian functions, and a third component is always needed to fit the bridge region (between two peaks). This would introduce additional, redundant parameters. In this paper, through a comparison of five fitting functions (Gaussian, von Mises, hyperbolic secant, square hyperbolic secant, and Lorentz), it is found that the square hyperbolic secant function can best reproduce the profile, yielding an improved fit. Moreover, a symmetric 2D radiation beam function, instead of a simple 1D Gaussian function, is used to fit the profile. Each profile with either well-resolved or not-so-well-resolved peaks could be fitted adequately using this beam function, and the bridge emission between the two peaks does not need to be a new component. Adopting inclination and impact angles based on polarization measurements, the opening angle ({\theta}_{\mu}0) of the radiation beam in a certain frequency band is derived from beam-function fitting. The corresponding radiation altitudes are then calculated. Based on multi-frequency profiles, we also computed the Lorentz factors of the particles and their dispersion at those locations in both the curvature-radiation (CR) and inverse-Compton-scattering (ICS) models. We found that the Lorentz factors of the particles decrease rapidly as the radiation altitude increases. Besides, the radiation prefers to be generated in annular region rather than core region, and this needs further validation., Comment: 13 pages, 18 figures, ApJ, 816, 76

We propose a weighted common subgraph (WCS) matching algorithm to find the most similar subgraphs in two labeled weighted graphs. WCS matching, as a natural generalization of the equal-sized graph matching or subgraph matching, finds wide applications in many computer vision and machine learning tasks. In this paper, the WCS matching is first formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem over the set of partial permutation matrices. Then it is approximately solved by a recently proposed combinatorial optimization framework - Graduated NonConvexity and Concavity Procedure (GNCCP). Experimental comparisons on both synthetic graphs and real world images validate its robustness against noise level, problem size, outlier number, and edge density., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, the second round revision in IEEE TNNLS

In this paper we propose the Graduated NonConvexity and Graduated Concavity Procedure (GNCGCP) as a general optimization framework to approximately solve the combinatorial optimization problems on the set of partial permutation matrices. GNCGCP comprises two sub-procedures, graduated nonconvexity (GNC) which realizes a convex relaxation and graduated concavity (GC) which realizes a concave relaxation. It is proved that GNCGCP realizes exactly a type of convex-concave relaxation procedure (CCRP), but with a much simpler formulation without needing convex or concave relaxation in an explicit way. Actually, GNCGCP involves only the gradient of the objective function and is therefore very easy to use in practical applications. Two typical NP-hard problems, (sub)graph matching and quadratic assignment problem (QAP), are employed to demonstrate its simplicity and state-of-the-art performance.

Low-temperature specific heat of the monolayer high-Tc superconductor Bi_2Sr_{2-x}La_xCuO_{6+\delta} has been measured close to the optimal doping point (x ~ 0.4) in different magnetic fields. The identification of both a T^2 term in zero field and a \sqrt{H} dependence of the specific heat in fields is shown to follow the theoretical prediction for d-wave pairing, which enables us to extract the slope of the superconducting gap in the vicinity of the nodes (v_{\Delta}, which is proportional to the superconducting gap \Delta_0 at the antinodes according to the standard d_{x^2-y^2} gap function). The v_{\Delta} or \Delta_0 (~ 12 meV) determined from this bulk measurement shows close agreement with that obtained from spectroscopy or tunneling measurements, which confirms the simple d-wave form of the superconducting gap., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

Through the measurements of magnetic field dependence of specific heat in $La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4$ in zero temperature limit, we determined the nodal slope $v_\Delta$ of the quasiparticle gap. It is found that $v_\Delta$ has a very similar doping dependence of the pseudogap temperature $T^*$ or value $\Delta_p$. Meanwhile the virtual maximum gap at ($\pi,0$) derived from $v_\Delta$ is found to follow the simple relation $\Delta_q=0.46k_BT^*$ upon changing the doping concentration. This strongly suggests a close relationship between the pseudogap and superconductivity. It is further found that the superconducting transition temperature is determined by both the residual density of states of the pseudogap phase and the nodal gap slope in the zero temperature limit, namely, $T_c \approx \beta v_\Delta \gamma_n(0)$, where $\gamma_n(0)$ is the extracted zero temperature value of the normal state specific heat coefficient which is proportional to the size of the residual Fermi arc $k_{arc}$. This manifests that the superconductivity may be formed by forming a new gap on the Fermi arcs near nodes below $T_c$. These observations mimic the key predictions of the SU(2) slave boson theory based on the general resonating-valence-bond (RVB) picture., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B

Through the measurements of magnetic field dependence of specific heat in $La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4$ in zero temperature limit, we find that the nodal slope $v_\Delta$ of the superconducting gap has a very similar doping dependence of the pseudogap temperature $T^*$ or value $\Delta_p$. Meanwhile the maximum quasiparticle gap derived from $v_\Delta$ is quite close to $T^*$. Both indicate a close relationship between the pseudogap and superconductivity. It is also found that $T_c \approx \beta v_\Delta \gamma_n(0)$, where $\gamma_n(0)$ is the extracted zero temperature value of the normal state specific heat coefficient which is proportional to the size of the residual Fermi arc $k_{arc}$. These observations mimic the key predictions of the SU(2) slave boson theory based on the general resonating-valence-bond (RVB) picture., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX4

Low temperature specific heat has been measured and extensively analyzed on a series of $La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_4$ single crystals from underdoped to overdoped regime. From these data the quasiparticle density of states (DOS) in the mixed state is derived and compared to the predicted scaling law $C_{vol}/T\sqrt{H}=f(T/\sqrt{H})$ of d-wave superconductivity. It is found that the scaling law can be nicely followed by the optimally doped sample (x=0.15) in quite wide region of ($T/\sqrt{H} \leq 8 K /\sqrt{T}$). However, the region for this scaling becomes smaller and smaller towards more underdoped region: a clear trend can be seen for samples from x=0.15 to 0.069. Therefore, generally speaking, the scaling quality becomes worse on the underdoped samples in terms of scalable region of $T/\sqrt{H}$. This feature in the underdoped region is explained as due to the low energy excitations from a second order (for example, anti-ferromagnetic correlation, d-density wave, spin density wave or charge density wave order) that may co-exist or compete with superconductivity. Surprisingly, deviations from the d-wave scaling law have also been found for the overdoped sample (x=0.22). While the scaling law is reconciled for the overdoped sample when the core size effect is taken into account. An important discovery of present work is that the zero-temperature data follow the Volovik's relation $\Delta \gamma(T=0)=A\sqrt{H}$ quite well for all samples investigated here although the applicability of the d-wave scaling law to the data at finite temperatures varies with doped hole concentration. Finally we present the doping dependence of some parameters, such as, the residual linear term $\gamma_0$, the $\alpha$ value, etc. ..., Comment: 15 pages, 24 figures

Magnetic relaxation of high-pressure synthesized MgB$_2$ bulks with different thickness is investigated. It is found that the superconducting dia-magnetic moment depends on time in a logarithmic way; the flux-creep activation energy decreases linearly with the current density (as expected by Kim-Anderson model); and the activation energy increases linearly with the thickness of sample when it is thinner than about 1 mm. These features suggest that the vortices in the MgB$_2$ are rather rigid, and the pinning and creep can be well described by Kim-Anderson model., Comment: Typo corrected & reference added