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1. Mini-Proceedings of the 'Fourth International Workshop on the Extension Project for the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility (HEF-ex 2024)'

Author

Achenbach, P., Aoki, K., Aoki, S., Curceanu, C., Diehl, S., Doi, T., Endo, M., Fujita, M., Fukuda, T., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Geng, L. S., Gunji, T., Hanhart, C., Harada, M., Harada, T., Hayakawa, S., He, B. R., Hiyama, E., Honda, R., Ichikawa, Y., Isaka, M., Jido, D., Jinno, A., Kamada, K., Kamiya, Y., Kong, Y. K., Liu, Z. W., Lu, J. X., Miwa, K., Mizutani, K., Murakami, K., Muto, R., Murase, K., Nagao, S., Nanamura, T., Nanjo, H., Nara, Y., Ohnishi, A., Qiu, J. W., Sakaguchi, A., Sakuma, F., Santopinto, E., Scordo, A., Sekihara, T., Seong, C., Shevchenko, N. V., Stone, J. R., Strakovsky, I., Suzuki, K., Takahashi, H., Takizawa, M., Tamura, H., Tomida, N., Umeya, A., Doce, O. Vázquez, Yamagata-Sekihara, J., Yamamoto, T. O., Xiao, Y., Yin, Z., Yu, Z., and Zou, B. S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The mini proceedings of the "Fourth International Workshop on the Extension Project for the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility (HEF-ex 2024) [https://kds.kek.jp/event/46965]" held at J-PARC, February 19-21, 2024, are presented. The workshop was devoted to discussing the physics case that connects both the present and the future Hadron Experimental Facility at J-PARC, covering a wide range of topics in flavor, hadron, and nuclear physics related to both experimental and theoretical activities being conducted at the facility.

Published
2024

2. STCF Conceptual Design Report: Volume 1 -- Physics & Detector

Author

Achasov, M., Ai, X. C., Aliberti, R., An, L. P., An, Q., Bai, X. Z., Bai, Y., Bakina, O., Barnyakov, A., Blinov, V., Bobrovnikov, V., Bodrov, D., Bogomyagkov, A., Bondar, A., Boyko, I., Bu, Z. H., Cai, F. M., Cai, H., Cao, J. J., Cao, Q. H., Cao, Z., Chang, Q., Chao, K. T., Chen, D. Y., Chen, H., Chen, H. X., Chen, J. F., Chen, K., Chen, L. L., Chen, P., Chen, S. L., Chen, S. M., Chen, S., Chen, S. P., Chen, W., Chen, X. F., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. Q., Cheng, H. Y., Cheng, J., Cheng, S., Dai, J. P., Dai, L. Y., Dai, X. C., Dedovich, D., Denig, A., Denisenko, I., Ding, D. Z., Dong, L. Y., Dong, W. H., Druzhinin, V., Du, D. S., Du, Y. J., Du, Z. G., Duan, L. M., Epifanov, D., Fan, Y. L., Fang, S. S., Fang, Z. J., Fedotovich, G., Feng, C. Q., Feng, X., Feng, Y. T., Fu, J. L., Gao, J., Ge, P. S., Geng, C. Q., Geng, L. S., Gilman, A., Gong, L., Gong, T., Gradl, W., Gu, J. L., Escalante, A. G., Gui, L. C., Guo, F. K., Guo, J. C., Guo, J., Guo, Y. P., Guo, Z. H., Guskov, A., Han, K. L., Han, L., Han, M., Hao, X. Q., He, J. B., He, S. Q., He, X. G., He, Y. L., He, Z. B., Heng, Z. X., Hou, B. L., Hou, T. J., Hou, Y. R., Hu, C. Y., Hu, H. M., Hu, K., Hu, R. J., Hu, X. H., Hu, Y. C., Hua, J., Huang, G. S., Huang, J. S., Huang, M., Huang, Q. Y., Huang, W. Q., Huang, X. T., Huang, X. J., Huang, Y. B., Huang, Y. S., Hüsken, N., Ivanov, V., Ji, Q. P., Jia, J. J., Jia, S., Jia, Z. K., Jiang, H. B., Jiang, J., Jiang, S. Z., Jiao, J. B., Jiao, Z., Jing, H. J., Kang, X. L., Kang, X. S., Ke, B. C., Kenzie, M., Khoukaz, A., Koop, I., Kravchenko, E., Kuzmin, A., Lei, Y., Levichev, E., Li, C. H., Li, C., Li, D. Y., Li, F., Li, G., Li, H. B., Li, H., Li, H. N., Li, H. J., Li, H. L., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, L., Li, L. Y., Li, N., Li, P. R., Li, R. H., Li, S., Li, T., Li, W. J., Li, X. H., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Y. Y., Li, Z. J., Liang, H., Liang, J. H., Liao, G. R., Liao, L. Z., Liao, Y., Lin, C. X., Lin, X. S., Liu, B. J., Liu, C. W., Liu, D., Liu, F., Liu, G. M., Liu, H. B., Liu, J., Liu, J. J., Liu, J. B., Liu, K., Liu, K. Y., Liu, L., Liu, Q., Liu, S. B., Liu, T., Liu, X., Liu, Y. W., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. L., Liu, Z. Q., Liu, Z. Y., Liu, Z. W., Logashenko, I., Long, Y., Lu, C. G., Lu, N., Lü, Q. F., Lu, Y., Lv, Z., Lukin, P., Luo, F. J., Luo, T., Luo, X. F., Lyu, H. J., Lyu, X. R., Ma, J. P., Ma, P., Ma, Y., Maas, F., Malde, S., Matvienko, D., Meng, Z. X., Mitchell, R., Dias, J. M., Nefediev, A., Nefedov, Y., Olsen, S. L., Ouyang, Q., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Pan, X., Pan, Y., Passemar, E., Pei, Y. P., Peng, H. P., Peng, L., Peng, X. Y., Peng, X. J., Peters, K., Pivovarov, S., Pyata, E., Qi, B. B., Qi, Y. Q., Qian, W. B., Qian, Y., Qiao, C. F., Qin, J. J., Qin, L. Q., Qin, X. S., Qiu, T. L., Rademacker, J., Redmer, C. F., Sang, H. Y., Saur, M., Shan, W., Shan, X. Y., Shang, L. L., Shao, M., Shekhtman, L., Shen, C. P., Shen, J. M., Shen, Z. T., Shi, H. C., Shi, X. D., Shwartz, B., Sokolov, A., Song, J. J., Song, W. M., Song, Y., Song, Y. X., Sukharev, A., Sun, J. F., Sun, L., Sun, X. M., Sun, Y. J., Sun, Z. P., Tang, J., Tang, S. S., Tang, Z. B., Tian, C. H., Tian, J. S., Tikhonov, Y., Todyshev, K., Uglov, T., Vorobyev, V., Wan, B. D., Wang, B. L., Wang, B., Wang, D. Y., Wang, G. Y., Wang, G. L., Wang, H. L., Wang, J., Wang, J. H., Wang, J. C., Wang, M. L., Wang, R., Wang, S. B., Wang, W., Wang, W. P., Wang, X. C., Wang, X. D., Wang, X. L., Wang, X. P., Wang, X. F., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Y. Q., Wang, Y. L., Wang, Y. G., Wang, Z. Y., Wang, Z. L., Wang, Z. G., Wei, D. H., Wei, X. L., Wei, X. M., Wen, Q. G., Wen, X. J., Wilkinson, G., Wu, B., Wu, J. J., Wu, L., Wu, P. W., Wu, T. W., Wu, Y. S., Xia, L., Xiang, T., Xiao, C. W., Xiao, D., Xiao, M., Xie, Y. H., Xing, Y., Xing, Z. Z., Xiong, X. N., Xu, F. R., Xu, J., Xu, L. L., Xu, Q. N., Xu, X. C., Xu, X. P., Xu, Y. C., Xu, Y. P., Xu, Y., Xu, Z. Z., Xuan, D. W., Xue, F. F., Yan, L., Yan, M. J., Yan, W. B., Yan, W. C., Yan, X. S., Yang, B. F., Yang, C., Yang, H. J., Yang, H. R., Yang, H. T., Yang, J. F., Yang, S. L., Yang, Y. D., Yang, Y. H., Yang, Y. S., Yang, Y. L., Yang, Z. Y., Yao, D. L., Yin, H., Yin, X. H., Yokozaki, N., You, S. Y., You, Z. Y., Yu, C. X., Yu, F. S., Yu, G. L., Yu, H. L., Yu, J. S., Yu, J. Q., Yuan, L., Yuan, X. B., Yue, Y. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, S., Zhang, A. L., Zhang, B. W., Zhang, G. Y., Zhang, G. Q., Zhang, H. J., Zhang, H. B., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. L., Zhang, T., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. T., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Y. C., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, H. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M. G., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. G., Zhao, R. P., Zhao, Z. G., Zhao, Z. X., Zhemchugov, A., Zheng, B., Zheng, L., Zheng, Q. B., Zheng, R., Zheng, Y. H., Zhong, X. H., Zhou, H. J., Zhou, H. Q., Zhou, H., Zhou, S. H., Zhou, X., Zhou, X. K., Zhou, X. R., Zhou, Y. L., Zhou, Y., Zhou, Y. X., Zhou, Z. Y., Zhu, J. Y., Zhu, K., Zhu, R. D., Zhu, R. L., Zhu, S. H., Zhu, Y. C., Zhu, Z. A., Zhukova, V., Zhulanov, V., Zou, B. S., and Zuo, Y. B.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Super $\tau$-Charm facility (STCF) is an electron-positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics community. It is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of $0.5\times 10^{35}{\rm cm}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$ or higher. The STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that by the present $\tau$-Charm factory -- the BEPCII, providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter (charge-parity violation), in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions, as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard Model. The STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R\&D program. This document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF, describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system, and discusses future plans for detector R\&D and physics case studies.

Published
2023
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3. Type Ia supernova ejecta-donor interaction: explosion model comparison

Author

McCutcheon, C., Zeng, Y., Liu, Z. -W., Izzard, R. G., Pan, K. -C., Chen, H. -L., and Han, Z.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

In the single-degenerate scenario of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), the interaction between high-speed ejected material and the donor star in a binary system is expected to lead to mass being stripped from the donor. A series of multi-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of ejecta-donor interaction have been performed in previous studies most of which adopt either a simplified analytical model or the W7 model to represent a normal SN Ia explosion. Whether different explosion mechanisms can significantly affect the results of ejecta-donor interaction is still unclear. In this work, we simulate hydrodynamical ejecta interactions with a main-sequence (MS) donor star in two dimensions for two near-Chandrasekhar-mass explosion models of SNe Ia, the W7 and N100 models. We find that about 0.30 and 0.37 Msun of hydrogen-rich material are stripped from a 2.5 Msun donor star in a 2 day orbit by the SN Ia explosion in simulations with the W7 deflagration and N100 delayed-detonation explosion model, respectively. The donor star receives a kick of about 74 and 86 km/s, respectively, in each case. The modal velocity, about 500 km/s, of stripped hydrogen-rich material in the N100 model is faster than the W7 model, with modal velocity of about 350km/s, by a factor 1.4. Based on our results, we conclude that the choice of near-Chandrasekhar-mass explosion model for normal SNe Ia seems to not significantly alter the ejecta-donor interaction for a given main-sequence donor model, at least in 2D., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2022
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5. Progress in Nuclear Astrophysics of East and Southeast Asia

Author

Aziz, Azni Abdul, Ahmad, Nor Sofiah, Ahn, S., Aoki, Wako, Bhuyan, Muruthujaya, Chen, Ke-Jung, Guo, Gang, Hahn, K. I., Kajino, Toshitaka, Kassim, Hasan Abu, Kim, D., Kubono, Shigeru, Kusakabe, Motohiko, Li, A., Li, Haining, Li, Z. H., Liu, W. P., Liu, Z. W., Motobayashi, Tohru, Pan, Kuo-Chuan, Park, T. -S., Shi, Jian-Rong, Tang, Xiaodong, Wang, W., Wen, Liangjian, Wu, Meng-Ru, Yan, Hong-Liang, and Yusof, Norhasliza

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Nuclear astrophysics is an interdisciplinary research field of nuclear physics and astrophysics, seeking for the answer to a question, how to understand the evolution of the Universe with the nuclear processes which we learn. We review the research activities of nuclear astrophysics in east and southeast Asia which includes astronomy, experimental and theoretical nuclear physics and astrophysics. Several hot topics such as the Li problems, critical nuclear reactions and properties in stars, properties of dense matter, r-process nucleosynthesis and $\nu$-process nucleosynthesis are chosen and discussed in further details. Some future Asian facilities, together with physics perspectives, are introduced., Comment: 49 pages, 10 figures, published in AAPPS (Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies) Bulletin

Published
2021
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6. White dwarf deflagrations for Type Iax supernovae: Polarisation signatures from the explosion and companion interaction

Author

Bulla, M., Liu, Z. -W., Roepke, F. K., Sim, S. A., Fink, M., Kromer, M., Pakmor, R., and Seitenzahl, I. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that Type Iax supernovae might be the result of thermonuclear deflagrations of Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs in binary systems. We carry out Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations and predict spectropolarimetric features originating from the supernova explosion and subsequent ejecta interaction with the companion star. Specifically, we calculate viewing-angle dependent flux and polarisation spectra for a 3D model simulating the deflagration of a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf and, for a second model, simulating the ejecta interaction with a main-sequence star. We find that the intrinsic signal is weakly polarised and only mildly viewing-angle dependent, owing to the overall spherical symmetry of the explosion and the depolarising contribution of iron-group elements dominating the ejecta composition. The interaction with the companion star carves out a cavity in the ejecta and produces a detectable, but modest signal that is significant only at relatively blue wavelengths ($\lesssim$ 5000 $\unicode{x212B}$). In particular, increasingly fainter and redder spectra are predicted for observer orientations further from the cavity, while a modest polarisation signal $P\sim0.2$ per cent is found at blue wavelengths for orientations 30$^\circ$ and 45$^\circ$ away from the cavity. We find a reasonable agreement between the interaction model viewed from these orientations and spectropolarimetric data of SN 2005hk and interpret the maximum-light polarisation signal seen at blue wavelengths for this event as a possible signature of the ejecta-companion interaction. We encourage further polarimetric observations of SNe Iax to test whether our results can be extended and generalised to the whole SN Iax class., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in A&A; metadata update

Published
2020
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7. A systematic observational study of radio properties of H2O megamaser Seyfert 2s: A Guide for H2O megamaser surveys

Author

Zhang, J. S., Liu, Z. W., and Henkel, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Analyzing archival data from different telescopes, H2O megamaser Seyfert 2s appeared to exhibit higher nuclear radio luminosities than non-masing Seyfert 2s (Zhang et al. 2012). This has been confirmed by our follow-up study on multi-band (11, 6, 3.6, 2, 1.3 cm) radio properties of maser host Seyfert 2s, through systematic Effelsberg observations (Liu et al. 2017). The nuclear radio luminosity was supposed to be a suitable indicator to guide future AGN maser searches. Thus we performed a pilot survey with the Effelsberg telescope on H2O maser emission toward a small sample of radio-bright Seyfert 2 galaxies with relatively higher redshift (>0.04). Our pilot survey led to one new megamaser source and one additional possible detection, which reflects our success in selecting H2O megamaser candidates compared to previous observations (higher detection rate, larger distance). Our successful selection technique choosing Seyfert 2s with radio-bright nuclei may provide good guiding for future H2O megamaser surveys. Therefore we are conducting a large systematic survey toward a big Seyfert 2 sample with such radio-bright nuclei. Detections of luminous H2O masers at large distance (z>0.04) may hold the great potential to increase our knowledge on the central highly obscured but still very enigmatic regions of active Seyfert galaxies (Zhang et al. 2017)., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 336: Astrophysical Masers: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe

Published
2017
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8. A systematic observational study of radio properties of H2O megamaser Seyfert-2 galaxies

Author

Liu, Z. W., Zhang, J. S., Henkel, C., Liu, J., Müller, P., Guo, J. Z. Wang Q., Wang, J., and Li, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

A systematic study is performed on radio properties of H$_{2}$O megamaser host Seyfert 2 galaxies, through multi-band radio continuum observations (at 11cm, 6.0 cm, 3.6 cm, 2.0 cm and 1.3 cm) with the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope within a total time duration of four days. For comparison, a control Seyfert 2 galaxy sample without detected maser emission was also observed. Spectral indices were determined for those sources for which measurements exist at two adjacent bands assuming a power-law dependence S$_\nu \propto \nu^{-\alpha}$, where S is the flux density and $\nu$ is the frequency. Comparisons of the radio continuum properties between megamaser and non-masing Seyfert 2s show no difference in spectral indices. However, a difference in radio luminosity is statistically significant, i.e. the maser galaxies tend to have higher radio luminosities by a factor of 2 to 3 than the non-masing ones, commonly reaching values above a critical threshold of 10$^{29}$ ergs$^{-1}$Hz$^{-1}$. This result confirms an earlier conclusion by Zhang et al. (2012), but is based on superior data with respect to the time interval within which the data were obtained, with respect to the observational facility (only one telescope used), the number of frequency bands.

Published
2016
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13. Three-dimensional simulations of the interaction between Type Ia supernova ejecta and their main sequence companions

Author

Liu, Z. W., Pakmor, R., Roepke, F. K., Edelmann, P., Wang, B., Kromer, M., Hillebrandt, W., and Han, Z. W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The identity of the progenitor systems of SNe Ia is still uncertain. In the single-degenerate (SD) scenario, the interaction between the SN blast wave and the outer layers of a main sequence (MS) companion star strips off H-rich material which is then mixed into the ejecta. Strong contamination of the SN ejecta with stripped material could lead to a conflict with observations of SNe Ia. This constrains the SD progenitor model. In this work, our previous simulations based on simplified progenitor donor stars have been updated by adopting more realistic progenitor-system models that result from fully detailed, state-of-the-art binary evolution calculations. We use Eggleton's stellar evolution code including the optically thick accretion wind model and the possibility of the effects of accretion disk instabilities to obtain realistic models of companions for different progenitor systems. The impact of the SN blast wave on these companion stars is followed in three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations employing the SPH code GADGET3. We find that the stripped masses range from 0.11 to 0.18 M_sun. The kick velocity is between 51 and 105 km/s. We find that the stripped mass and kick velocity depend on the ratio of the orbital separation to the radius of a companion. They can be fitted by a power law for a given companion model. However, the structure of the companion star is also important for the amount of stripped material. With more realistic companion star models than in previous studies, our simulations show that the H masses stripped from companions are inconsistent with the best observational limits (< 0.01 M_sun) derived from nebular spectra. However, a rigorous forward modeling based on impact simulations with radiation transfer is required to reliably predict observable signatures of the stripped H and to conclusively assess the viability of the considered SN Ia progenitor scenario., Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication by A&A

Published
2012
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23. Progress in nuclear astrophysics of east and southeast Asia

Author

Aziz, Azni Abdul, primary, Ahmad, Nor Sofiah, additional, Ahn, S., additional, Aoki, Wako, additional, Bhuyan, Muruthujaya, additional, Chen, Ke-Jung, additional, Guo, Gang, additional, Hahn, K. I., additional, Kajino, Toshitaka, additional, Kassim, Hasan Abu, additional, Kim, D., additional, Kubono, Shigeru, additional, Kusakabe, Motohiko, additional, Li, A., additional, Li, Haining, additional, Li, Z. H., additional, Liu, W. P., additional, Liu, Z. W., additional, Motobayashi, Tohru, additional, Pan, Kuo-Chuan, additional, Park, T.-S., additional, Shi, Jian-Rong, additional, Tang, Xiaodong, additional, Wang, W., additional, Wen, Liangjian, additional, Wu, Meng-Ru, additional, Yan, Hong-Liang, additional, and Yusof, Norhasliza, additional

Published
2021
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24. Type Ia supernova ejecta–donor interaction: explosion model comparison.

Author

McCutcheon, C, Zeng, Y, Liu, Z-W, Izzard, R G, Pan, K-C, Chen, H-L, and Han, Z

Subjects
TYPE I supernovae, BINARY stars, EXPLOSIONS, SUPERNOVA remnants
Abstract

In the single-degenerate scenario of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), the interaction between high-speed ejected material and the donor star in a binary system is expected to lead to mass being stripped from the donor. A series of multidimensional hydrodynamical simulations of ejecta–donor interaction have been performed in previous studies most of which adopt either a simplified analytical model or the W7 model to represent a normal SN Ia explosion. Whether different explosion mechanisms can significantly affect the results of ejecta–donor interaction is still unclear. In this work, we simulate hydrodynamical ejecta interactions with a main-sequence (MS) donor star in two dimensions for two near-Chandrasekhar-mass explosion models of SNe Ia, the W7 and N100 models. We find that about 0.30 and |$0.37\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$| of hydrogen-rich material are stripped from a |$2.5\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$| donor star in a 2 d orbit by the SN Ia explosion in simulations with the W7 deflagration and N100 delayed-detonation explosion model, respectively. The donor star receives a kick of about 74 and |$86\, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$|⁠ , respectively, in each case. The modal velocity, about |$500\, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$|⁠ , of stripped hydrogen-rich material in the N100 model is faster than the W7 model, with modal velocity of about |$350\, \mathrm{km\, s^{-1}}$|⁠ , by a factor 1.4. Based on our results, we conclude that the choice of near-Chandrasekhar-mass explosion model for normal SNe Ia seems to not significantly alter the ejecta–donor interaction for a given MS donor model, at least in 2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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25. APASL clinical practice guideline on hepatitis B reactivation related to the use of immunosuppressive therapy.

Author

Lau, G, Yu, M-L, Wong, G, Thompson, A, Ghazinian, H, Hou, J-L, Piratvisuth, T, Jia, J-D, Mizokami, M, Cheng, G, Chen, G-F, Liu, Z-W, Baatarkhuu, O, Cheng, AL, Ng, WL, Lau, P, Mok, T, Chang, J-M, Hamid, S, Dokmeci, AK, Gani, RA, Payawal, DA, Chow, P, Park, J-W, Strasser, SI, Mohamed, R, Win, KM, Tawesak, T, Sarin, SK, Omata, M, Lau, G, Yu, M-L, Wong, G, Thompson, A, Ghazinian, H, Hou, J-L, Piratvisuth, T, Jia, J-D, Mizokami, M, Cheng, G, Chen, G-F, Liu, Z-W, Baatarkhuu, O, Cheng, AL, Ng, WL, Lau, P, Mok, T, Chang, J-M, Hamid, S, Dokmeci, AK, Gani, RA, Payawal, DA, Chow, P, Park, J-W, Strasser, SI, Mohamed, R, Win, KM, Tawesak, T, Sarin, SK, and Omata, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIM: Hepatitis B reactivation related to the use of immunosuppressive therapy remains a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in hepatitis B endemic Asia-Pacific region. This clinical practice guidelines aim to assist clinicians in all disciplines involved in the use of immunosuppressive therapy to effectively prevent and manage hepatitis B reactivation. METHODS: All publications related to hepatitis B reactivation with the use of immunosuppressive therapy since 1975 were reviewed. Advice from key opinion leaders in member countries/administrative regions of Asian-Pacific Association for the study of the liver was collected and synchronized. Immunosuppressive therapy was risk-stratified according to its reported rate of hepatitis B reactivation. RECOMMENDATIONS: We recommend the necessity to screen all patients for hepatitis B prior to the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and to administer pre-emptive nucleos(t)ide analogues to those patients with a substantial risk of hepatitis and acute-on-chronic liver failure due to hepatitis B reactivation.

Published
2021

28. White dwarf deflagrations for Type Iax supernovae : polarisation signatures from the explosion and companion interaction

Author

Bulla, Mattia, Liu, Z. -W., Roepke, F. K., Sim, S. A., Fink, M., Kromer, M., Pakmor, R., Seitenzahl, I. R., Bulla, Mattia, Liu, Z. -W., Roepke, F. K., Sim, S. A., Fink, M., Kromer, M., Pakmor, R., and Seitenzahl, I. R.

Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that Type Iax supernovae might be the result of thermonuclear deflagrations of Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs in binary systems. We carry out Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations and predict spectropolarimetric features originating from the supernova explosion and subsequent ejecta interaction with the companion star. Specifically, we calculate viewing-angle dependent flux and polarisation spectra for a 3D model simulating the deflagration of a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf and, for a second model, simulating the ejecta interaction with a main-sequence star. We find that the intrinsic signal is weakly polarised and only mildly viewing-angle dependent, owing to the overall spherical symmetry of the explosion and the depolarising contribution of iron-group elements dominating the ejecta composition. The interaction with the companion star carves out a cavity in the ejecta and produces a detectable, but modest signal that is significant only at relatively blue wavelengths (less than or similar to 5000 angstrom). In particular, increasingly fainter and redder spectra are predicted for observer orientations further from the cavity, while a modest polarisation signal P similar to 0.2 per cent is found at blue wavelengths for orientations 30 degrees and 45 degrees away from the cavity. We find a reasonable agreement between the interaction model viewed from these orientations and spectropolarimetric data of SN 2005hk and interpret the maximum-light polarisation signal seen at blue wavelengths for this event as a possible signature of the ejecta-companion interaction. We encourage further polarimetric observations of SNe Iax to test whether our results can be extended and generalised to the whole SN Iax class.

Published
2020
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29. Long noncoding RNAs: Important participants and potential therapeutic targets for myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury

Author

Ding, Y-M, Chan, EC, Liu, L-C, Liu, Z-W, Wang, Q, Wang, J-L, Cui, X-P, Jiang, F, Guo, X-S, Ding, Y-M, Chan, EC, Liu, L-C, Liu, Z-W, Wang, Q, Wang, J-L, Cui, X-P, Jiang, F, and Guo, X-S

Abstract

Myocardial ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the leading causes of coronary artery disease-associated morbidity and mortality. While different strategies have been used to limit I/R injuries, cardiac functions often do not recover to the normal level as anticipated. Recent studies have pointed to important roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of myocardial I/R injury. LncRNA is a class of RNA molecules of more than 200 nucleotides in length which are not translated into proteins. I/R causes dysregulation of lncRNA expression in cardiomyocytes, thereby affecting multiple cellular functions including mitochondrial homeostasis, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, suggesting that manipulating lncRNAs may be of great potential in counteracting I/R injury-induced myocardial dysfunctions. In this review, we provide an updated summary on our knowledge about contributions of lncRNAs to the development of I/R injury, with an emphasis on the functional links between several well established cardiac lncRNAs and regulation of cellular outcomes post I/R.

Published
2020

30. Experimental Quantification of Coherence of a Tunable Quantum Detector.

Author

Xu, H, Xu, F, Theurer, T, Egloff, D, Liu, Z-W, Yu, N, Plenio, MB, Zhang, L, Xu, H, Xu, F, Theurer, T, Egloff, D, Liu, Z-W, Yu, N, Plenio, MB, and Zhang, L

Abstract

Quantum coherence is a fundamental resource that quantum technologies exploit to achieve performance beyond that of classical devices. A necessary prerequisite to achieve this advantage is the ability of measurement devices to detect coherence from the measurement statistics. Based on a recently developed resource theory of quantum operations, here we quantify experimentally the ability of a typical quantum-optical detector, the weak-field homodyne detector, to detect coherence. We derive an improved algorithm for quantum detector tomography and apply it to reconstruct the positive-operator-valued measures of the detector in different configurations. The reconstructed positive-operator-valued measures are then employed to evaluate how well the detector can detect coherence using two computable measures. As the first experimental investigation of quantum measurements from a resource theoretical perspective, our work sheds new light on the rigorous evaluation of the performance of a quantum measurement apparatus.

Published
2020

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