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Foam concrete or foamcrete is a lightweight, porous material with a wide range of applications in the construction domain. This article focused on reviewing porosity, thermal conductivity, acoustic properties, compressive strength (f c′), elastic modulus (E), flexural strength (f y), stability, resistance to hostile environments, density, and fire resistance of foam concrete. A systematic literature analysis was conducted to identify relevant research trends on foam concrete. The challenges and limitations of foam concrete research were highlighted, including the lack of standardized testing methods and the need for more research on the long-term durability and structural performance of foam concrete. The analysis of the literature data revealed that there had been a growing interest in foamcrete research over the past decade. Foam concrete may be utilized in several construction applications due to its adaptability and wide range of uses. Its potential uses can be increased by developing new manufacturing methods and the inclusion of certain admixtures. The present research has the potential to be advantageous for scholars interested in collaborative advancement and the exchange of novel tactics and concepts, owing to the visual and statistical representation of the regions/countries and researchers that have contributed.

Objective Analyze the current situation, hotspots and development trends of sarcopenia animal model to provide research direction and basic information for sarcopenia animal model research.Methods English literature of research on animal models of sarcopenia was retrieved from the Web of Science core data (WOS) set from 1900-01-01 to 2022-12-31. Chinese literature related to animal models of sarcopenia was retrieved from CNKI database between 1915 and 2022. The bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer was used to explore the countries, orgonizations, authors, hotspots and frontier directions in these studies.Results A total of 2 819 articles on animal models of sarcopenia were retrieved from WOS core database. The first paper was published in 1995. The United States has the largest number of animal model studies of sarcopenia with 1 105 articles. The institution with the most published articles is the University of Florida in the United States, with 69 articles. The University of Hong Kong has the highest number of publications in China, with 20 articles. American author Van Remmen H, with 50 publications, is the author of the most articles. The journal with the largest number of articles published on animal models of sarcopenia is the American journal called FASEB Journal, with 196 articles. In total, 423 articles on animal models of sarcopenia were retrieved from the CNKI database. Author LI Zhuyi has published 19 articles, and is the author of the most articles in China. The keyword co-occurrence clustering analysis of WOS literature search found that the research focus on animal model of sarcopenia can be summarized as the correlation between sarcopenia and metabolism, cytology and regenerative medicine of sarcopenia animal models, the study of sarcopenia animal models in bone, muscle, nerve and exercise therapy. The retrieval results of CNKI database revealed that the most extensive research was about on the model of denervated sarcopenia, and researches on the effects of Chinese medicine on sarcopenia were also widely reported. Through reading the full articles or abstracts of the literature, the animal models of sacopenia mainly include natural aging model, genetic modification model, high-fat diet induction model, disuse model, hormone induction model and complex sarcopenia models of other diseases.Conclusion In recent years, the study on animal model of sarcopenia has become a hotspot at home and abroad.The bibliometric analysis provides a basis for the research of animal models of sarcopenia in terms of research direction, hotspots, model animal selection, animal model making, and domestic and international communication and cooperation.

No consensus has been reached on the dysbiosis signs of microbiota in patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). This meta-analysis aimed to verify the relationship between microbiota levels and UTIs. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were retrieved for related articles published from inception until October 20, 2021. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and its related 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the microbiota diversity and abundance were pooled under a random-effects model. Twelve studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that the microbiota diversity was lower in patients with UTIs than in healthy individuals (SMD = −0.655, 95% CI = −1.290, −0.021, I 2 = 81.0%, P = 0.043). The abundance of specific bacteria was higher in UTI subjects compared with healthy control individuals (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.07–0.74, P = 0.017), especially in North America patients with UTIs. Similar results were also found in studies with the total sample size being greater than 30. Importantly, Escherichia coli levels were increased in patients with UTI, whereas Lactobacillus levels decreased. E. coli and Lactobacilli have huge prospects as potential microbiota markers in the treatment of UTIs.

Tanshinone IIA has a potential therapeutic effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). In this study, tanshinone IIA was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-block-poly (ethylene glycol)-carboxylic acid (PLGA-PEG-COOH) nanoparticles, and its therapeutic efficacy on CIRI was investigated. Morphology and dynamic light scattering analyses were performed to identify and optimize nano-formulations. A drug release test was conducted using the dialysis method. The cytotoxic effect of tanshinone IIA on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and brain endothelial capillary cells (hCMEC/D3) was measured using the MTT assay. The protective effect of PLGA-PEG-COOH-encapsulated tanshinone IIA against CIRI was evaluated in oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced SH-SY5Y/IR cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. Results showed that PLGA-PEG-COOH-encapsulated tanshinone IIA promoted viability and inhibited apoptosis of SH-SY5Y/IR cells (P < 0.01). Moreover, PLGA-PEG-COOH-encapsulated tanshinone IIA facilitated the invasion of SH-SY5Y/IR cells and repressed inflammation in MCAO rats (P < 0.01). Noteworthy, PLGA-PEG-COOH-encapsulated tanshinone IIA combined with angiopep-2 peptide presented a better inhibitory effect on CIRI than tanshinone IIA alone (P < 0.01). Angiopep-2 peptide contributes to traversing blood–brain barrier by recognizing lipoprotein-related protein expressed in the brain capillary endothelial cells. In conclusion, PLGA-PEG-COOH-encapsulated tanshinone IIA plus angiopep-2 peptide holds promising therapeutic potential toward CIRI.