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The rapid development of Internet of vehicles (IoV) depends on the safe and reliable infrastructure for storing and sharing large amounts of data. Blockchain, a kind of distributed data storage technology that cannot be forged and tampered with, can solve the security and privacy issues of IoV. However, the low throughput of blockchain hinders its wide application in IoV. The current research on blockchain throughput optimization has poor scalability because of its action space explosion. Aiming at the above problems, a blockchain throughput optimi-zation method in IoV based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is proposed to maximize the transaction throughput, and optimize the throughput of the blockchain by choosing block producers and consensus algorithms, adjusting block size and block interval while ensuring the decentralization, low delay and high security of the underlying blockchain system. This method introduces the branching dueling Q-network (BDQ) framework in DRL, carries out fine-grained division for action space, and solves the problem of action space explosion of traditional deep reinforcement learning methods. Simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the throughput of blockchain in IoV effectively.

This study aimed to assess the impact of alcalase, trypsin, flavourzyme, and neutrase on the characteristics, antioxidant activity stability, and anti-fatigue activity of hydrolysates derived from Cucumaria frondosa tentacles (CFTHs). The results demonstrate that favourzyme hydrolysates exhibited the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH). Zeta potential and particle size measurements indicated that hydrolyzed peptides treated with favourzyme appeared aggregated and exhibited larger particle sizes. The antioxidant properties of CFTHs demonstrated good thermal stability, pH stability, and enhanced simulated gastrointestinal digestive stability. The anti-fatigue activity of CFTHs was examined using an acute exercise fatigue model. The results indicate that CFTHs extended the exhaustive swimming time of mice to 17.81 min. Additionally, CFTHs significantly elevated (p < 0.01) blood glucose (Glu) and liver glycogen (LG) levels, while also decreasing (p < 0.05) the concentrations of metabolites such as lactic acid (LA), urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ammonia (NH3). This reduction contributed to the alleviation of fatigue in the body. Furthermore, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly increased (p < 0.05), which aided in mitigating oxidative damage induced by strenuous exercise. These findings strongly support the potential utilization of CFTHs in food products as natural antioxidant and anti-fatigue alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]