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This research sought to explore how teaching utilizing a marine science-related board game affected students' motivation, interest, and achievement in marine science learning at the high school level. The research utilized an experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements and a classroom setting, and included an experimental group containing 25 students and a control group containing 26 students. The experiment was carried out over the course of 12 lessons, with various questionnaires, including a marine science learning motivation (MSLM) inventory, a marine science learning interest (MSLI) inventory, and a marine science learning achievement (MSLA) inventory, being used as the measurement instruments. The research analysed the students' scores on these inventories using one-way analysis of ANCOVA. The main results of this research were as follows: 1) with regard to the MSLM inventory, the 'relevance', 'confidence', and 'total score' were significantly different between the two groups; 2) with regard to the MSLI inventory, the 'cognitions regarding marine science' were significantly different between the two groups; and 3) with regard to the MSLA, all of the dimensions including 'memory', 'understanding', 'high-level thinking', and 'total score' were significantly different between the two groups.

Social class stagnation is a current topic of concern. The stagnation of generational mobility could result in society losing its ability to enhance individuals’ social status. This study explored higher education expansion as a possible cause of class stagnation by adopting the Human Development Index as a comprehensive indicator of individual social status, and determined dynamic mobility by observing the case of Taiwan, where higher education was expanded in 1994. Pseudo-panel data were obtained from the Family Income and Expenditure Survey. Our results indicate that rapid higher education expansion has a negative impact on social mobility for the generation who enters the labor market after the expansion starting point.

This paper investigates the effects of employment protection legislation on the rates of hiring, separation, worker flows, job reallocation, and churning flows for the case of Taiwan. Our empirical identification takes advantage of a reform created by Taiwan's enactment of Labor Standards Law, which has substantially increased the costs of firing, and the implementation of the law's enforcement measures. Moreover, our identification also exploits the fact that the stringency of the law's provisions and the intensity of the law's enforcement vary with establishment size. On the basis of the monthly data at the establishment level for the period 1983-1995, we find that Taiwan's Labor Standards Law and its enforcement measures have dampened labor turnover for medium-sized and large establishments, while that of small establishments was not affected. (JEL J65, J63, J88), I. INTRODUCTION This paper studies the effects of employment protection legislation (EPL) on the rates of hiring, separation, worker flows, job reallocation, and churning flows. EPL refers to restrictions on [...]

Ocean sustainability and resource use are emphasized globally. The primary goal of ocean preservation is to enhance citizens' ocean literacy. In this study, cluster sampling was conducted on students from seven public middle schools in Taiwan to investigate their use of ocean literacy concept words, propositional sentences, and knowledge sources. Qualitative analysis, descriptive statistics, and one-way analysis of variance were conducted on 496 valid questionnaires. The middle school students exhibited an accuracy rate of 63% for ocean literacy sentence-making, which indicated a basic level of performance. The students commonly used terms such as "ocean," "Atlantic Ocean," and "tsunami." Students had common misconceptions when using the terms "sea level rising," "Kuroshio current," and "tsunami." In addition, students who were female, in a higher grade, and who attended a coastal school had higher ocean literacy scores. The students' primary sources of ocean literacy knowledge were museums and television. Through an analysis students' use of ocean concept words and misconceptions, the aim of this study was to enhance the implementation efficiency of marine education to cultivate students' ocean literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Weight gain and metabolic disturbances such as dyslipidemia, are frequent side effects of second-generation antipsychotics, including olanzapine. This study examined the metabolic effects of chronic olanzapine exposure. In addition, we investigated the hepatic fatty acid effects of olanzapine in female C57BL/6J mice fed a normal diet., Materials and Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice orally received olanzapine or normal saline for 7 weeks. The effects of long-term olanzapine exposure on body weight changes, food efficiency, blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), insulin, and leptin levels were observed. Hepatic TG and abdominal fat mass were investigated, and fat cell morphology was analyzed through histopathological methods. The levels of protein markers of fatty acid regulation in the liver, namely fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), were measured., Results: Olanzapine treatment increased the food intake of the mice as well as their body weight. Biochemical analyses showed that olanzapine increased blood TG, insulin, leptin, and hepatic TG. The olanzapine group exhibited increased abdominal fat mass and fat cell enlargement in abdominal fat tissue. Western blotting of the mouse liver revealed significantly higher (1.6-fold) levels of SCD-1 in the olanzapine group relative to the control group; by contrast, FAS levels in the two groups did not differ significantly., Conclusion: Enhanced lipogenesis triggered by increased hepatic SCD-1 activity might be a probable peripheral mechanism of olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia. Some adverse metabolic effects of olanzapine may be related to the disturbance of lipid homeostasis in the liver.