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Abstract Background To explore the effect and mechanism of action of miR-210 on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMPO) in ovariectomized rats in vivo. Methods An ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was established by ovariectomy. Tail vein injection was performed to overexpress and knock down miR-210 in OVX rats, followed by the collection of blood and femoral tissues from each group of rats. And quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to assess the expression level of miR-210 in femoral tissues of each group. Micro computed tomography (Micro CT) was adopted to scan the microstructure of the femoral trabecula in each group to obtain relevant data like bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), bone surface-to-volume ratio (BS/BV), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). ELISA was used for determining the level of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), osteocalcin (OCN), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) in serum; and Western blot for the protein level of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) in femoral tissues. Results MiR-210 expression was significantly decreased in femoral tissues of OVX rats. Overexpression of miR-210 could obviously increase BMD, BMC, BV/TV and Tb.Th, whereas significantly decrease BS/BV and Tb.Sp in femurs of OVX rats. Moreover, miR-210 also downregulated BALP and CTX-1 level, upregulated PINP and OCN level in the serum of OVX rats promoted the expression of osteogenesis-related markers (Runx2, OPN and COL1A1) in the femur of OVX rats. Additionally, further pathway analysis revealed that high expression of miR-210 activated the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/Notch1 signaling pathway in the femur of OVX rats. Conclusion High expression of miR-210 may improve the micromorphology of bone tissue and modulate bone formation and resorption in OVX rats by activating the VEGF/Notch1 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating osteoporosis. Consequently, miR-210 can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal rats.

To analyze the detection capacity of radioactive substances in food in China， and improve the radioactive contamination monitoring system. By studying the distribution of certified institutions and testing items and the results of proficiency assessment， the current situation and deficiencies of the detection capacities were analyzed， and corresponding countermeasures were put forward. The capacity of radioactive material detection in China can better support the operation of the monitoring system， however， the effectiveness and sustainability of testing capacity， the layout of capacity network and the construction of food radioactive pollution monitoring system need to be further improved and strengthened， so as to meet the needs of normal circumstances and rapid response in case of nuclear or radiological emergencies in China.

BACKGROUND:The optimal duration of oral anticoagulant therapy for patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains highly uncertain in clinical practice. It is essential to accurately assess the effect of anticoagulant therapy in reducing recurrent VTE against the risk of inducing major bleeding. METHODS:Randomized controlled trials were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane library, reporting rates of recurrent VTE and major bleeding in patients taking Vitamin K Antagonists (VKA) with VTE and comparing different durations. RESULTS:Eleven RCTs with 3109 participants utilizing varied durations were included in the meta-analysis. Longer VKA therapy was associated with significantly lower rates of VTE recurrence compared with shorter duration of VKA therapy (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57-0.99), with significant difference noted in major bleeding risk (OR 2.31, 95%CI 1.17-4.56). During anticoagulation duration, patients treated by 6-month VKA had higher risk of major bleeding compared with 3-month VKA regimen (OR 33.45, 95%CI 2.00-559.67). CONCLUSIONS:Regimen longer than 6 months did not show statistical elevation of major bleeding risk. VKA treatment strongly reduces the risk of recurrent VTE during anticoagulation therapy. The absolute risk of recurrent VTE declines over time while the risk for major bleeding after 6 months' treatment did not demonstrate a continuous significant increase with extended duration of VKA therapy.

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of blended teaching method in epidemiology teaching for students in clinical medicine.MethodsA total of 143 students in clinical medicine at Tongji University School of Medicine in the fall semester of 2021‒2022 were enrolled in the study. A self-assessment questionnaire was used to assess the satisfaction and recognition on the blended teaching method in epidemiology.ResultsIn terms of teaching effect， 84.6% of the students obtained excellent and good grades in the final evaluation， while 7.0% of the students did not pass the final exam. Approximately 21.0% of the students had difficulties in understanding the concept of bias and its control. The 90.2% were satisfied with the design of the blended teaching method， 84.2% were satisfied with the online video courses， and 60.9% completed more than 75.0% of the online learning resources before class. Additionally， 80.5% of the students responded that they could master the knowledge of epidemiology， and 81.2% considered that the blended teaching method may facilitate personalized learning and they could learn more knowledge of epidemiology.ConclusionBlended teaching method attains remarkable achievements in epidemiology teaching. However， curriculum design， teaching effect， and acceptance may be further strengthened.

ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors associated with hypoglycemia in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）.MethodsA case-control study was performed among 914 patients with T2DM and no medical history of hypoglycemia were selected in the Diabetes Unit of Tongji University School of Medicine Affiliated Anting Community Health Center in 2018. A total of 196 patients with T2DM who had ≥1 hypoglycemia event in the past 12 months were presented as the case group， and 718 patients who did not have any hypoglycemia event during the same period were included as the control group. Medical history， medication， life style， and related factors were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors associated with hypoglycemia.ResultsHistory of coronary heart disease ［adjusted odds ratio（aOR）=2.077， 95% CI： 1.293-3.337］， renal disease （aOR=4.775， 95% CI： 1.537-14.830）， and previous insulin use （aOR =1.765， 95%CI： 1.147-2.716） significantly increased the risk of hypoglycemia， while angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors（ACEI）（aOR =0.127， 95%CI： 0.044-0.366） and β-receptor blockers （aOR =0.271， 95%CI： 0.119-0.616） decreased the risk of hypoglycemia among diabetic patients.ConclusionIncidence of hypoglycemia in community patients with diabetes is high. History of coronary heart disease and kidney disease， and previous insulin use may increase the risk of hypoglycemia， which warrants further attention by community general practitioners.

To achieve the efficient resource utilization of municipal sludge and promote the sustainability of pavement materials, this study employed liquefaction technology to process municipal sludge. The resulting liquefied-sludge-derived heavy oil was blended with 50# asphalt to prepare a bio-asphalt that can replace petroleum asphalt. Firstly, orthogonal experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of the solid–liquid ratio (dried sludge:anhydrous ethanol), liquefaction temperature, and reaction time on the yield of the sludge-derived heavy oil. Then, the basic characteristics of the sludge-derived heavy oil were studied using an elemental analyzer, gel permeation chromatography, thermal analysis, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the differences between the sludge-derived heavy oil and petroleum asphalt were compared. Finally, to determine the appropriate content range of sludge-derived heavy oil in bio-asphalt, a comprehensive evaluation of the three major indicators, aging resistance, storage stability, low-temperature performance, and high-temperature performance was carried out for the prepared bio-asphalts. The results indicated that the optimal preparation process for liquefied sludge oil involves a liquefaction temperature of 275 °C, a solid–liquid ratio of 1:15, and a reaction time of 1 h, resulting in an oil production rate of 22.36%. The sludge-derived heavy oil demonstrated good thermal stability, with its primary components being aliphatic compounds (carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, alkanes, esters, etc.), with esters being the most abundant. Furthermore, the sludge-derived heavy oil was highly compatible with 50# asphalt, but no chemical reaction occurred between them. When the sludge-derived heavy oil content ranged from 5% to 20%, bio-asphalt showed favorable aging resistance and storage stability. As the content of the sludge-derived heavy oil increased, its low-temperature performance improved, but there was a slight decrease in high-temperature performance. Additionally, correlation analysis highlighted that the influence of sludge-derived heavy oil content on the high-temperature performance of bio-asphalt was notably greater than on other properties. Therefore, the recommended dosage of sludge-derived heavy oil should be between 5% and 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a community-based cohort study to predict the 3-year occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among population aged ≥60 years. Participants were selected from two communities through randomized cluster sampling in Jiading District of Shanghai, China. The two communities were randomly divided into a development cohort (n = 12012) and a validation cohort (n = 6248) with a 3-year follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors. A nomogram was established to predict the occurrence of CKD within 3 years. The area under the curve (AUC), the calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) curve were used to evaluate the model. At baseline, participants in development cohort and validation cohort were with the mean age of 68.24 ± 5.87 and 67.68 ± 5.26 years old, respectively. During 3 years, 1516 (12.6%) and 544 (8.9%) new cases developed CKD in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. Nine variables (age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, exercise, previous hypertension, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin and serum creatinine) were included in the prediction model. The AUC value was 0.742 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.728–0.756] in the development cohort and 0.881(95%CI, 0.867–0.895) in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curves and DCA curves demonstrate an effective predictive model. Our nomogram model is a simple, reasonable and reliable tool for predicting the risk of 3-year CKD in community-dwelling elderly people, which is helpful for timely intervention and reducing the incidence of CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]