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19 results on '"Leila Rahbarnia"'

1. Design and in silico analysis of a novel peptide-based multiepitope vaccine against glioblastoma multiforme by targeting tumor-associated macrophage

Author

Reza Salahlou, Safar Farajnia, Effat Alizadeh, Siavoush Dastmalchi, Nasrin Bargahi, Leila Rahbarnia, and Safooreh Hoseinpour Steyar

Subjects
Glioblastoma cancer, Tumor-associated macrophages, CD204, Immunotherapy, Molecular docking, Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

CD204 is a distinct indicator for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in glioma. Evidence indicates that CD204-positive TAMs are involved in the aggressive behavior of various types of cancers. This study was conducted to develop a new and effective peptide-based vaccine for GBM, specifically targeting CD204. Epitopes of the target protein were identified using NetMHCpan 4.1a, NetMHCIIpan-4.0, and ABCpred tools. Subsequently, the predicted epitopes were evaluated using bioinformatics tools to assess their antigenicity, non-allergenicity, immunogenicity, non-toxicity, and potential to stimulate the production of IL-4 and IFN-γ in HTL epitopes. Selected T-cell epitopes demonstrated a robust binding affinity with the particular HLA alleles. Finally, four HTL epitopes, three CTL epitopes, and two B-cell epitopes, jointed via linkers and adjuvant, were used for the final vaccine construct design. Analysis disclosed that the developed vaccine demonstrated robust antigenic properties while proving soluble, stable, non-toxic, and non-allergenic. Additionally, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed a robust correlation between the designed vaccine and TLR-2 and TLR-4 immune receptors. The molecular docking results demonstrated a strong interaction between the newly developed vaccine and TLR2 (−895.1 kcal/mol) and TLR4 (−881.0 kcal/mol) receptors. During the simulation, the vaccine-TLR2 and vaccine-TLR4 complexes exhibited binding energies of −113.41 and −106.61 kcal/mol, respectively. Analysis by different bioinformatic tools indicated the potential of the designed vaccine in immune stimulation and a significant elevation in IgG and IgM antibodies, T-helper cells, T-cytotoxic cells, INF-γ, IL-2, and IL-4. Research findings show that the newly designed multi-epitope vaccine is promising in providing long-term immunity against GBM and offers a promising therapeutic alternative.

Published
2024
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2. The high cross-transmission in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus between healthy and patient communities

Author

Behnood Haji Sheikhzadeh, Leila Rahbarnia, Alireza Dehnad, Behrooz Naghili, and Parvaneh Saffarian

Subjects
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Molecular typing, Virulence factors, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causes of high mortality and morbidity in hospitals. This study was aimed to examine virulence factors, molecular typing, and the antibiotic resistance pattern of MRSA isolates in hemodialysis patients and healthy communities. Materials and Methods: Total of 231 and 400 nasal samples were obtained from hemodialysis patients and healthy communities, respectively. Virulence factors profile was examined in two groups by PCR reaction. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR) was used as a molecular typing approach. Results: Overall, 35.49% (82/231) of hemodialysis patients were positive for S. aureus, and 47.56% (39/82) of isolates were positive for mecA. In a healthy community, 15% (60/400) of samples were positive for S. aureus, and 36.66% (22/60) were positive for mecA. The frequency of MDR was significantly higher in patients group (p-value < 0.00001). The frequency of pvl (p.value = 0.003932, P

Published
2023
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3. Isolation and characterizations of a novel recombinant scFv antibody against exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Author

Zahra Shadman, Safar Farajnia, Mohammad Pazhang, Mohammadreza Tohidkia, Leila Rahbarnia, Saeed Najavand, and Sayna Toraby

Subjects
Phage display, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Exotoxin A, Human single chain antibody, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading cause of nosocomial infections, especially in people with a compromised immune system. Targeting virulence factors by neutralizing antibodies is a novel paradigm for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant pseudomonas infections. In this respect, exotoxin A is one of the most potent virulence factors in P. aeruginosa. The present study was carried out to identify a novel human scFv antibody against the P. aeruginosa exotoxin A domain I (ExoA-DI) from a human scFv phage library. Methods The recombinant ExoA-DI of P. aeruginosa was expressed in E. coli, purified by Ni-NTA column, and used for screening of human antibody phage library. A novel screening procedure was conducted to prevent the elimination of rare specific clones. The phage clone with high reactivity was evaluated by ELISA and western blot. Results Based on the results of polyclonal phage ELISA, the fifth round of biopanning leads to the isolation of several ExoA-DI reactive clones. One positive clone with high affinity was selected by monoclonal phage ELISA and used for antibody expression. The purified scFv showed high reactivity with the recombinant domain I and full-length native exotoxin A. Conclusions The purified anti-exotoxin A scFv displayed high specificity against exotoxin A. The human scFv identified in this study could be the groundwork for developing a novel therapeutic agent to control P. aeruginosa infections.

Published
2021
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4. The molecular characterization of colistin-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from patients at intensive care units

Author

Safar Farajnia, Fariba Lotfi, Alireza Dehnad, Maryam Shojaie, Roya Raisi, Leila Rahbarnia, Ahad Bazmani, Behrooz Naghili, and Samaneh Shiry

Subjects
Acinetobacter baumannii, Beta-lactamase OXA-23, Beta-lactamase OXA-143, OXA-72 carbapenemase, Beta-lactamase OXA-58, Colistin, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine molecular characterization and genetic diversity of colistin-resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates in Intensive Care Unit hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 127 A. baumannii clinical isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility. PCR reaction and sequencing were performed for the detection of mutations in pmrAB and lpx ACD genes. Results: Based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 40.94% and 33.85% of the isolates were MDR and XDR respectively whereas 3.93% of them were found to be PDR. Results of agar dilution MIC and E-test indicated that 76% of the isolates were sensitive to colistin. All of the isolates were positive for blaOXA-51 and 50% of them were positive for both blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-143-like genes while only 25% of the isolates were positive for blaOXA-72. None of them were positive for the blaOXA-58-like gene. There is no mutation in pmrA. The V162A substitution for pmrB gene was repeated in two isolates, and E394 D and Y292H substitutions in lpxA were observed in two isolates; also, C120R and F165L substitutions in lpxC gene was repeated in two isolates. Analysis of phylogenetic tree based on alterations in lpxACD and pmrB genes indicated the appearance of new isolates compared to the reference strain ATCC17978 A. baumannii isolates. Conclusion: The present study indicated the prevalence of MDR and XDR A. baumannii isolates and the emergence of PDR isolates in the northwest portion of Iran. The appearance of colistin-resistant isolates with new mutations in pmrB, lpxACD genes indicates new resistance mechanisms.

Published
2022

5. Nasal and extra nasal MRSA colonization in hemodialysis patients of north-west of Iran

Author

Fatemeh Ravanbakhsh Ghavghani, Leila Rahbarnia, Behrooz Naghili, Alireza Dehnad, Ahad Bazmani, Mojtaba Varshochi, and Mohammad Hossein Ghaffari Agdam

Subjects
S. aureus, MRSA colonization, Hemodialysis patients, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Abstract Objectives Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus colonization is one of the main causes of serious infections in hemodialysis patients. This cross-sectional study was performed to examine prevalence of MRSA colonization and evaluation of risk factors in hemodialysis patients. A total of 560 swab samples from nasal, the skin around catheter and throat were collected from 231 hemodialysis patients in Tabriz. The standard biochemical tests were used for identification of S. aureus isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined against 11 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Phenotypic test of S. aureus was performed using novobiocin 30 μg/disc, and methicillin sensitivity test was performed by cefoxitin 30 μg/disc. Results Overall, 50.65% (118/231) hemodialysis patients were positive for S. aureus which 34.93% (80/231) of patients were MRSA carriage. The MRSA colonization in patients with a catheter (44.06%) was more than individuals utilizing a fistula (24.57%, p = 0.030). Among sampling sites, the highest MRSA was related to nasal samples (30.70%, p

Published
2019
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6. Development of a Novel Human Single Chain Antibody Against EGFRVIII Antigen by Phage Display Technology

Author

Leila Rahbarnia, Safar Farajnia, Hossein Babaei, Jafar Majidi, Bahman Akbari, and Shiva Ahdi khosroshahi

Subjects
Human single chain antibody, Cancer, EGFRvIII, Phage display, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Purpose: EGFRvIII as the most common mutant variant of the epidermal growth factor receptor is resulting from deletion of exons 2–7 in the coding sequence and junction of exons 1 and 8 through a novel glycine residue. EGFRvIII is highly expressed in glioblastoma, carcinoma of the breast, ovary, and lung but not in normal cells. The aim of the present study was identification of a novel single chain antibody against EGFRvIII as a promising target for cancer therapy. Methods: In this study, a synthetic peptide corresponding to EGFRvIII protein was used for screening a naive human scFv phage library. A novel five-round selection strategy was used for enrichment of rare specific clones. Results: After five rounds of screening, six positive scFv clones against EGFRvIII were selected using monoclonal phage ELISA, among them, only three clones had expected size in PCR reaction. The specific interaction of two of the scFv clones with EGFRvIII was confirmed by indirect ELISA. One phage clone with higher affinity in scFv ELISA was purified for further analysis. The purity of the produced scFv antibody was confirmed using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analyses. Conclusion: In the present study, a human anti- EGFRvIII scFv with high affinity was first identified from a scFv phage library. This study can be the groundwork for developing more effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents against EGFRvIII expressing cancers.

Published
2016
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7. Tongue carcinoma: case series and demographic analysis

Author

Masoud Naderpour, Safar Farajnia, Gholamreza Bayazian, Monireh Halimi, Samad Ghiasi, and Leila Rahbarnia

Subjects
Tongue, Squamous cell carcinoma, Tongue carcinoma, Tongue cancer, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately half of oral cavity SCCcases. Smoking and drinking are two major risk factors for SCC worldwide. Recently, increasing incidence amongyoung white individuals who were never-smoker, never-drinker have been reported. METHODS: To determine the demographic status of tongue SCC in our region, this study was conducted amongpatients who undergone surgery in Tabriz, Iran, due to tongue SCC. RESULTS: Mean age of 27 patients was 61 years and 22% of them were under 45 years old. Mean duration ofbeginning the symptoms to biopsy was 113 days for patients under the age of 60 years and 253 days for elderly patients(P = 0.026). Early diagnosis, especially in patients more than 60 years old, was associated with good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that considering a lower threshold for obtaining biopsy fromelderly patients, even in the first visit, is useful for early diagnosis and better prognosis.

Published
2013
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8. Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019

Author

Kevin S Ikuta, Lucien R Swetschinski, Gisela Robles Aguilar, Fablina Sharara, Tomislav Mestrovic, Authia P Gray, Nicole Davis Weaver, Eve E Wool, Chieh Han, Anna Gershberg Hayoon, Amirali Aali, Semagn Mekonnen Abate, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Getachew Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Amir Parsa Abhari, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Abdorrahim Absalan, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Juan Manuel Acuna, Tigist Demssew Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Zahra Babaei Aghdam, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Sohail Ahmad, Sepideh Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Jivan Qasim Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Mamoon A Aldeyab, Alicia V Aleman, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Atiyeh Alizadeh, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Kasim Allel, Sami Almustanyir, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Arianna Maever L Amit, Nivedita Anandavelane, Robert Ancuceanu, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Dewi Anggraini, Adnan Ansar, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Demelash Areda, Timur Aripov, Anton A Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Tahira Ashraf, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Daniel Atlaw, Sameh Attia, Marcel Ausloos, Tewachew Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Tegegn Mulatu Ayana, Sina Azadnajafabad, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Darshan B B, Muhammad Badar, Ashish D Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Sara Bagherieh, Atif Amin Baig, Indrajit Banerjee, Aleksandra Barac, Mainak Bardhan, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Saurav Basu, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Neeraj Bedi, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Rose G Bender, Bharti Bhandari, Dinesh Bhandari, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Suraj Bhattarai, Saeid Bitaraf, Danilo Buonsenso, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Jiao Cai, Daniela Calina, Paulo Camargos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Rosario Cárdenas, Muge Cevik, Joshua Chadwick, Jaykaran Charan, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Patrick R Ching, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Omid Dadras, Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw, Xiaochen Dai, Saswati Das, Anna Dastiridou, Sisay Abebe Debela, Fitsum Wolde Demisse, Solomon Demissie, Diriba Dereje, Msganaw Derese, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn, Samuel Abebe A Dessalegni, Belay Desye, Kartik Dhaduk, Meghnath Dhimal, Sameer Dhingra, Nancy Diao, Daniel Diaz, Shirin Djalalinia, Milad Dodangeh, Deepa Dongarwar, Bezabih Terefe Dora, Fariba Dorostkar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Eleonora Dubljanin, Susanna J Dunachie, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Hisham Atan Edinur, Habtamu Bekele Ejigu, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Hassan El-Abid, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Amir Emami, Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Babak Eshrati, Farshid Etaee, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Shahab Falahi, Aida Fallahzadeh, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Ali Fatehizadeh, Ginenus Fekadu, João C Fernandes, Allegra Ferrari, Getahun Fetensa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Masoud Foroutan, Peter Andras Gaal, Muktar A Gadanya, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Balasankar Ganesan, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Reza Ghanbari, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Abdolmajid Gholizadeh, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Amador Goodridge, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Yuming Guo, Rajat Das Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Alemu Guta, Parham Habibzadeh, Atlas Haddadi Avval, Rabih Halwani, Asif Hanif, Md. Abdul Hannan, Harapan Harapan, Shoaib Hassan, Hadi Hassankhani, Khezar Hayat, Behzad Heibati, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Praveen Hoogar, Nobuyuki Horita, Md Mahbub Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Junjie Huang, Salman Hussain, Nawfal R Hussein, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mohammad Tarique Imam, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Arnaud Iradukunda, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Chidozie C D Iwu, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Linda Merin J, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Elham Jamshidi, Tahereh Javaheri, Fatemeh Javanmardi, Javad Javidnia, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Umesh Jayarajah, Rime Jebai, Ravi Prakash Jha, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi, Vidya Kadashetti, Laleh R Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Himal Kandel, Neeti Kapoor, Samad Karkhah, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Patrick DMC Katoto, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Abbas Khan, Imteyaz A Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Moien AB Khan, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Mona M Khater, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Jagdish Khubchandani, Hanna Kim, Min Seo Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Niranjan Kissoon, Sonali Kochhar, Farzad Kompani, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Fiorella Krapp Lopez, Kewal Krishan, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Vishnutheertha Kulkarni, Naveen Kumar, Om P Kurmi, Ambily Kuttikkattu, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Judit Lám, Iván Landires, Savita Lasrado, Sang-woong Lee, Jacopo Lenzi, Sonia Lewycka, Shanshan Li, Stephen S Lim, Wei Liu, Rakesh Lodha, Michael J Loftus, Ayush Lohiya, László Lorenzovici, Mojgan Lotfi, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Azeem Majeed, Jamal Majidpoor, Alaa Makki, Galana Ayana Mamo, Yosef Manla, Miquel Martorell, Clara N Matei, Barney McManigal, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Ravi Mehrotra, Addisu Melese, Oliver Mendoza-Cano, Ritesh G Menezes, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Georgia Micha, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Neda Milevska Kostova, Shabir Ahmad Mir, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Abay Sisay Misganaw, Awoke Misganaw, Sanjeev Misra, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Syam Mohan, Mohammad Mohseni, Ali H Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Lorenzo Monasta, Catrin E Moore, Maryam Moradi, Mostafa Moradi Sarabi, Shane Douglas Morrison, Majid Motaghinejad, Haleh Mousavi Isfahani, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Seyed Ali Mousavi-Aghdas, Sumaira Mubarik, Francesk Mulita, Getaneh Baye B Mulu, Sandra B Munro, Saravanan Muthupandian, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Himanshi Narang, Zuhair S Natto, Muhammad Naveed, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Shumaila Naz, Ionut Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Che Henry Ngwa, Robina Khan Niazi, Antonio Tolentino Nogueira de Sá, Nafise Noroozi, Hasti Nouraei, Ali Nowroozi, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Jerry John Nutor, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Rahman Md Obaidur, Vivek Anand Ojha, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Nikita Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mahesh P A, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Tamás Palicz, Adrian Pana, Shahina Pardhan, Jose L Paredes, Utsav Parekh, Eun-Cheol Park, Seoyeon Park, Ashish Pathak, Rajan Paudel, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Minjin Peng, Umberto Pensato, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Marcos Pereira, Mario F P Peres, Norberto Perico, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Indrashis Podder, Nayanum Pokhrel, Ramesh Poluru, Maarten J Postma, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Akila Prashant, Ibrahim Qattea, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Saber Raeghi, Sima Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Leila Rahbarnia, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Pradhum Ram, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha, Sowmya J Rao, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Azad Rasul, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Misganu Teshoma Regasa, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Melese Abate Reta, Nazila Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Abanoub Riad, Rezaul Karim Ripon, Kristina E Rudd, Basema Saddik, Saeid Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Mohsen Safaei, Azam Safary, Sher Zaman Safi, Maryam Sahebazzamani, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Saina Salahi, Sarvenaz Salahi, Hedayat Salari, Sana Salehi, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Abdallah M Samy, Nima Sanadgol, Senthilkumar Sankararaman, Francesco Sanmarchi, Brijesh Sathian, Monika Sawhney, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Allen Seylani, Pritik A Shah, Masood Ali Shaikh, Elaheh Shaker, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mequannent Melaku Sharew, Athena Sharifi-Razavi, Purva Sharma, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Ali Sheikhy, Pavanchand H Shetty, Mika Shigematsu, Jae Il Shin, Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski, K M Shivakumar, Parnian Shobeiri, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Sunil Shrestha, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Mustafa Kamal Sikder, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Singh, Md Shahjahan Siraj, Samarjeet Singh Siwal, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Bogdan Socea, Damtew Damtew Solomon, Yimeng Song, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Muhammad Suleman, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Saima Sultana, Miklós Szócska, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Mohammad Tabish, Majid Taheri, Elahe Taki, Ker-Kan Tan, Sarmila Tandukar, Nathan Y Tat, Vivian Y Tat, Belay Negash Tefera, Yibekal Manaye Tefera, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Samar Tharwat, Arulmani Thiyagarajan, Imad I Tleyjeh, Christopher E Troeger, Krishna Kishore Umapathi, Era Upadhyay, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual R Valdez, Jef Van den Eynde, H. Rogier van Doorn, Siavash Vaziri, Georgios-Ioannis Verras, Harimadhav Viswanathan, Bay Vo, Abdul Waris, Gizachew Tadesse Wassie, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Sajad Yaghoubi, Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya Yahya, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mazyar Zahir, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Sojib Bin Zaman, Moein Zangiabadian, Iman Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Peng Zheng, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zoladl, Alimuddin Zumla, Simon I Hay, Christiane Dolecek, Benn Sartorius, Christopher J L Murray, Mohsen Naghavi, Ikuta, Kevin S, Swetschinski, Lucien R, Robles Aguilar, Gisela, Sharara, Fablina, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Gray, Authia P, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Wool, Eve E, Han, Chieh, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Semagn Mekonnen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abebe, Getachew, Abedi, Aidin, Abhari, Amir Parsa, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Absalan, Abdorrahim, Abubaker Ali, Hiwa, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Adane, Tigist Demssew, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adnan, Mohammad, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Aghdam, Zahra Babaei, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Rizwan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Sohail, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Jivan Qasim, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Ajami, Marjan, Aji, Budi, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fare, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Aldeyab, Mamoon A, Aleman, Alicia V, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Syed Shujait, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Alizadeh, Atiyeh, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Allel, Kasim, Almustanyir, Sami, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Anandavelane, Nivedita, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Anggraini, Dewi, Ansar, Adnan, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Aripov, Timur, Artamonov, Anton A, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Asaduzzaman, Muhammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atlaw, Daniel, Attia, Sameh, Ausloos, Marcel, Awoke, Tewachew, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, B, Darshan B, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagherieh, Sara, Baig, Atif Amin, Banerjee, Indrajit, Barac, Aleksandra, Bardhan, Mainak, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barrow, Amadou, Baskaran, Pritish, Basu, Saurav, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Bedi, Neeraj, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bender, Rose G, Bhandari, Bharti, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bitaraf, Saeid, Buonsenso, Danilo, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cai, Jiao, Calina, Daniela, Camargos, Paulo, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cárdenas, Rosario, Cevik, Muge, Chadwick, Joshua, Charan, Jaykaran, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Ching, Patrick R, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Dadras, Omid, Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome, Dai, Xiaochen, Das, Saswati, Dastiridou, Anna, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Demisse, Fitsum Wolde, Demissie, Solomon, Dereje, Diriba, Derese, Msganaw, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu, Dessalegni, Samuel Abebe A, Desye, Belay, Dhaduk, Kartik, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhingra, Sameer, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Djalalinia, Shirin, Dodangeh, Milad, Dongarwar, Deepa, Dora, Bezabih Terefe, Dorostkar, Fariba, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Dunachie, Susanna J, Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Ejigu, Habtamu Bekele, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyru, El-Abid, Hassan, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Emami, Amir, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Eshrati, Babak, Etaee, Farshid, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Franci, Falahi, Shahab, Fallahzadeh, Aida, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fekadu, Ginenu, Fernandes, João C, Ferrari, Allegra, Fetensa, Getahun, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Gaal, Peter Andra, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Ganesan, Balasankar, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Ghanbari, Reza, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamrezanezhad, Ali, Gholizadeh, Abdolmajid, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Goodridge, Amador, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajat Da, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Guta, Alemu, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haddadi Avval, Atla, Halwani, Rabih, Hanif, Asif, Hannan, Md. Abdul, Harapan, Harapan, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hayat, Khezar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba, Hezam, Kamal, Hoogar, Praveen, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh, Huang, Junjie, Hussain, Salman, Hussein, Nawfal R, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imam, Mohammad Tarique, Immurana, Mustapha, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iradukunda, Arnaud, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iwu, Chidozie C D, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, J, Linda Merin, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamshidi, Elham, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javanmardi, Fatemeh, Javidnia, Javad, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayarajah, Umesh, Jebai, Rime, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Joo, Tama, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kacimi, Salah Eddine Oussama, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kalankesh, Laleh R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamal, Vineet Kumar, Kandel, Himal, Kapoor, Neeti, Karkhah, Samad, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katoto, Patrick DMC, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khan, Abba, Khan, Imteyaz A, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien AB, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khater, Mona M, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Hanna, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kochhar, Sonali, Kompani, Farzad, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Krapp Lopez, Fiorella, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha, Kumar, Naveen, Kurmi, Om P, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lám, Judit, Landires, Iván, Lasrado, Savita, Lee, Sang-woong, Lenzi, Jacopo, Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Stephen S, Liu, Wei, Lodha, Rakesh, Loftus, Michael J, Lohiya, Ayush, Lorenzovici, László, Lotfi, Mojgan, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahmoud, Mansour Adam, Mahmoudi, Razzagh, Majeed, Azeem, Majidpoor, Jamal, Makki, Alaa, Mamo, Galana Ayana, Manla, Yosef, Martorell, Miquel, Matei, Clara N, McManigal, Barney, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehrotra, Ravi, Melese, Addisu, Mendoza-Cano, Oliver, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Micha, Georgia, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Milevska Kostova, Neda, Mir, Shabir Ahmad, Mirghafourvand, Mojgan, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Misganaw, Abay Sisay, Misganaw, Awoke, Misra, Sanjeev, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Mohseni, Mohammad, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moore, Catrin E, Moradi, Maryam, Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Motaghinejad, Majid, Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mousavi-Aghdas, Seyed Ali, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mulita, Francesk, Mulu, Getaneh Baye B, Munro, Sandra B, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Naqvi, Atta Abba, Narang, Himanshi, Natto, Zuhair S, Naveed, Muhammad, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Naz, Shumaila, Negoi, Ionut, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Ngwa, Che Henry, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nogueira de Sá, Antonio Tolentino, Noroozi, Nafise, Nouraei, Hasti, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Nutor, Jerry John, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Obaidur, Rahman Md, Ojha, Vivek Anand, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Emad, Otstavnov, Nikita, Oumer, Bilcha, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Palicz, Tamá, Pana, Adrian, Pardhan, Shahina, Paredes, Jose L, Parekh, Utsav, Park, Eun-Cheol, Park, Seoyeon, Pathak, Ashish, Paudel, Rajan, Paudel, Uttam, Pawar, Shrikant, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peng, Minjin, Pensato, Umberto, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Pereira, Marco, Peres, Mario F P, Perico, Norberto, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Podder, Indrashi, Pokhrel, Nayanum, Poluru, Ramesh, Postma, Maarten J, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prashant, Akila, Qattea, Ibrahim, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Raeghi, Saber, Rafiei, Sima, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahbarnia, Leila, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmanian, Vahid, Ram, Pradhum, Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rasul, Azad, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, Salman, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Regasa, Misganu Teshoma, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Reta, Melese Abate, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezapour, Aziz, Riad, Abanoub, Ripon, Rezaul Karim, Rudd, Kristina E, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghian, Saeid, Saeed, Umar, Safaei, Mohsen, Safary, Azam, Safi, Sher Zaman, Sahebazzamani, Maryam, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Salahi, Saina, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salari, Hedayat, Salehi, Sana, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanadgol, Nima, Sankararaman, Senthilkumar, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Sathian, Brijesh, Sawhney, Monika, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Seylani, Allen, Shah, Pritik A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaker, Elaheh, Shakhmardanov, Murad Ziyaudinovich, Sharew, Mequannent Melaku, Sharifi-Razavi, Athena, Sharma, Purva, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Sheikhy, Ali, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shirzad-Aski, Hesamaddin, Shivakumar, K M, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Sikder, Mustafa Kamal, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigue, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Siwal, Samarjeet Singh, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Socea, Bogdan, Solomon, Damtew Damtew, Song, Yimeng, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Suleman, Muhammad, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Saima, Szócska, Mikló, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabish, Mohammad, Taheri, Majid, Taki, Elahe, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tandukar, Sarmila, Tat, Nathan Y, Tat, Vivian Y, Tefera, Belay Negash, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Temesgen, Gebremaryam, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tharwat, Samar, Thiyagarajan, Arulmani, Tleyjeh, Imad I, Troeger, Christopher E, Umapathi, Krishna Kishore, Upadhyay, Era, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valdez, Pascual R, Van den Eynde, Jef, van Doorn, H. Rogier, Vaziri, Siavash, Verras, Georgios-Ioanni, Viswanathan, Harimadhav, Vo, Bay, Waris, Abdul, Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Yaghoubi, Sajad, Yahya, Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yigit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Zahir, Mazyar, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zare, Iman, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zheng, Peng, Zhong, Chenwen, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zumla, Alimuddin, Hay, Simon I, Dolecek, Christiane, Sartorius, Benn, Murray, Christopher J L, and Naghavi, Mohsen

Subjects
Male, Bacteria, Syndrome, Bacterial Infections, General Medicine, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Risk Factors, Sepsis, Humans, Female, Mortality, Child, Africa South of the Sahara
Abstract

Background: Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes. Methods: We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest. Findings: From an estimated 13·7 million (95% UI 10·9–17·1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7·7 million deaths (5·7–10·2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13·6% (10·2–18·1) of all global deaths and 56·2% (52·1–60·1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens—Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa—were responsible for 54·9% (52·9–56·9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185–285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52·2 deaths (37·4–71·5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths. Interpretation: The 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care, using UK aid funding managed by the Fleming Fund.

Published
2022

9. Baricitinib combination therapy: a narrative review of repurposed Janus kinase inhibitor against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Mostafa Akbarzadeh Khiavi, Mitra Torabi, Leila Rahbarnia, and Azam Safary

Subjects
Adult, Microbiology (medical), Sulfonamides, Repurposing drug therapy, SARS-CoV-2, Review, General Medicine, Cytokine storm, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Infectious Diseases, Baricitinib, Purines, Child, Preschool, Azetidines, Humans, Janus Kinase Inhibitors, Pyrazoles, Janus kinase pathway, Child, Severe COVID-19
Abstract

Purpose The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most devastating global problems. Regarding the lack of disease-specific treatments, repurposing drug therapy is currently considered a promising therapeutic approach in pandemic situations. Recently, the combination therapy of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor baricitinib has been authorized for emergency COVID-19 hospitalized patients; however, this strategy's safety, drug-drug interactions, and cellular signaling pathways remain a tremendous challenge. Methods In this study, we aimed to provide a deep insight into the baricitinib combination therapies in severe COVID-19 patients through reviewing the published literature on PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar databases. We also focused on cellular and subcellular pathways related to the synergistic effects of baricitinib plus antiviral agents, virus entry, and cytokine storm (CS) induction. The safety and effectiveness of this strategy have also been discussed in moderate to severe forms of COVID-19 infection. Results The severity of COVID-19 is commonly associated with a dysregulated immune response and excessive release of pro-inflammatory agents, resulting in CS. It has been shown that baricitinib combined with antiviral agents could modulate the inflammatory response and provide a series of positive therapeutic outcomes in hospitalized adults and pediatric patients (age ≥ two years old). Conclusion Baricitinib plus the standard of care treatment might be a potential strategy in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.

Published
2021
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10. Micronutrient therapy and effective immune response: a promising approach for management of COVID-19

Author

Ziba Lotfi, Habib Zarredar, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Leila Rahbarnia, Amir Baghbanzadeh, Azam Safary, Behzad Baradaran, Fariba Lotfi, and Behrooz Naghili

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 030106 microbiology, Psychological intervention, Review, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Micronutrients, European union, Immune response, Intensive care medicine, Therapeutic strategy, media_common, Micronutrient therapy, chemistry.chemical_classification, Minerals, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, General Medicine, Vitamins, Micronutrient, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, Treatment procedure, Essential nutrient, business
Abstract

The escalating prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, with an increased rate of morbidity and mortality, highlights an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic interventions. Despite the authorized treatment against COVID-19 by the European Union (EU), the safety and effectiveness of this therapeutic strategy for a wide variety of patients have remained a significant challenge. In this respect, micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals, as essential factors, can be considered for improving the function of the immune system and accelerating the treatment procedure. Dietary supplements can attenuate vascular and inflammatory manifestations related to infectious diseases in large part due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, it has been revealed that poor nutritional status may be one of the notable risk factors in severe COVID-19 infections. In the current review, we focus on the micronutrient therapy of COVID-19 patients and provide a comprehensive insight into the essential vitamins/minerals and their role in controlling the severity of the COVID-19 infection. We also discuss the recent advancements, challenges, negative and positive outcomes in relevance to this approach.

Published
2021

11. Cytoplasmic Chaperones Enhance Soluble Expression of Anti-EGFR huscFv in

Author

Atefeh, Nazari, Safar, Farajnia, Seber, Zahri, Nazanin, Bagherlou, Asghar, Tanoumand, and Leila, Rahbarnia

Subjects
Inclusion body, Soluble Expr, Molecular chaperones, EGFR, scFv, Research Article
Abstract

Background: Overexpression of EGFR is associated with carcinogenesis in more than 70% of head and neck cancers. Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies bind to the extracellular domain of EGFR and block the EGFR downstream signaling pathway, which results in the suppression of the growth of the tumor cells. Escherichia coli is the preferred system for expressing various recombinant proteins, including single chain antibodies, but the formation of inclusion bodies negatively affects the efficacy of this system. Several strategies have been suggested to solve this problem, notably the utilization of molecular chaperones. Objectives: In this study, we attempted to increase the soluble expression of huscfv antibody via co-expression with the cytoplasmic chaperones. Materials and Methods: To achieve this purpose, chaperones plasmids pG-KJE8, pGro7, pKjE7, pTf16 and pG-Tf2 encoding cytoplasmic chaperones were co-expressed with the humanized anti-EGFR scFv construct in E. coli. Different temperatures, incubations times, and concentrations of IPTG were used to produce an active antibody with the highest solubility. Results were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Soluble huscFv was purified by Ni-NTA column and the biologic activity of the recombinant protein was determined by ELISA. Result: The results indicated that the highest concentrations of humanized anti-EGFR scFv were obtained by co-expression of huscFv via chaperone plasmid pG-KJE8 with 0.2 mM concentration of inducer (IPTG), culture temperature of 25 °C, and 4 h incubation time after induction. Conclusion: In conclusion, co-expression with chaperones could be used as an efficient strategy to produce soluble active ScFvs in E. coli.

Published
2021

12. The Prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL Genes Among Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in a Student Population from North-West of Iran

Author

Rana Khosravi Rad, Leila Rahbarnia, Aysan Golipor, Behrooz Naghili, and Alireza Dehnad

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Student population, North west, Staphylococcus aureus, medicine, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Gene
Abstract

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most prevalent cause of skin infections, especially in colonized individuals. Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and Arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) are known as the most common virulence factors of S. aureus. This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL genes among S.aureus isolates in the student population. Nasal swab samples were randomly collected from 400 healthy students from Tabriz, Iran. The antibiotic resistance pattern of S.aureus isolates was examined by the disk diffusion method. The presence of ACME-arcA, PVL, and mecA genes was detected by PCR reaction.Results: overall, 15% (60/400) students were nasal carriage of S. aureus and 2.75 % (11/400) were MRSA carriage. The frequency of mecA, ACME-arcA, and PVL genes was 54.54% (36/60), 46.66% (28/60), and 16.66% (10/60) respectively. The prevalence of ACME-arcA and PVL genes was independent of gender (P =0.142, P=0.337, respectively). A notable association was observed between the existence of ACME-arcA gene and the frequency of mecA gene (P PVL was independent on mecA. These findings highlight the necessity of monitoring nasal carriers in a healthy community to prevent subsequent infections.

Published
2020
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14. Comparative evaluation of nested PCR for diagnosis of human brucellosis

Author

Nazli Saeedi, Leila Rahbarnia, Safar Farajnia, and Behrooz Naghili

Subjects
Biology, Virology, Nested polymerase chain reaction, Human brucellosis, Comparative evaluation
Abstract

Objectives: Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease with high morbidity in the absence of treatment. The early diagnosis of brucellosis is efficient to prevent chronic infections. The aim of this study is evaluation of nested PCR efficiency in comparison with conventional methods for diagnosis of human brucellosis. A total of 120 patients with brucellosis symptoms were included in this study. Serological and microbiological tests and nested PCR were used for detection of Brucella bacteria. Results: Based on serological tests, 60.83% (73/120) of individuals were positive for brucellosis which only 8.33% of cases were confirmed by blood culture. Among them, 55% of cases were positive in serum agglutination test (SAT≥1:160) and Coombs (C-SAT≥1:160) tests. Furthermore, 7 negative SAT cases were positive in C-SAT as evidence for chronic brucellosis. Also, 68.18% and 56.06% of SAT positive samples were positive in blood nested PCR and serum nested PCR respectively. The sensitivity of blood nested PCR was more than serum nested PCR, SAT≥1:160 and blood culture (P

Published
2019
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15. Incidence of Oxacillin-Susceptible mecA-Positive Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) Isolates and TSST-1 Virulence Factor Among High School Students in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran

Author

Behrooz Naghili, Alireza Dehnad, Mohammad Hossein Ghaffari Agdam, Atefeh Nazari, Leila Rahbarnia, and Sahar Zeinalpour Ahrabi

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotic sensitivity, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Toxicology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ampicillin, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cefoxitin, business.industry, SCCmec, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Toxic shock syndrome, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is often the cause of a wide broad of infections ranging from minor skin infections to serious infections such as toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in hospital and community settings. Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) superantigen is the main cause of TSS. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the frequency of MRSA carriage and TSST-1 virulence factor among high school students. Methods: A total of 400 nasal swab samples were randomly collected from male and female students of six different high schools in Tabriz, Iran. After confirmation of S. aureus strains by standard biochemical tests, the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. The presence of mecA and TSST-1 genes was examined by PCR. Results: From 400 students, 15% (n = 60) were positive for S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using 12 antibiotic disks. Based on the results, 100% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin while all of them were sensitive to vancomycin. Moreover, 18.34% of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and 11.67% were resistant to oxacillin. The presence of the mecA gene was confirmed in 54.54% of the cases. These results indicated oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive S. aureus (OS-MRSA) colonization among students. Based on the PCR results, only one of the MRSA isolates belonging to a female student was positive for the TSST-1 gene. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the spread of OS-MRSA among the healthy population in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran. Nevertheless, a combination of genetic and phenotypic tests is needed to accurately detect MRSA.

Published
2019
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16. Current trends in targeted therapy for drug-resistant infections

Author

Kamal Veisi, Behrooz Naghili, Leila Rahbarnia, Roghayyeh Baghban, Safar Farajnia, Vahideh Ahmadzadeh, and Sayna Toraby

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Phage therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Antimicrobial peptides, Drug resistance, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Targeted therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Genome editing, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Intensive care medicine, Drug-resistant infections, Antibody, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Public health, General Medicine, Bacterial Infections, Mini-Review, Biological Therapy, business, Vaccine, Biotechnology
Abstract

Escalating antibiotic resistance is now a serious menace to global public health. It may be led to the emergence of "postantibiotic age" in which most of infections are untreatable. At present, there is an essential need to explore novel therapeutic strategies as a strong and sustainable pipeline to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. This review focuses on recent advances in this area including therapeutic antibodies, antimicrobial peptides, vaccines, gene therapy, genome editing, and phage therapy for tackling drug-resistant infections.

Published
2019

17. Nasal and extra nasal MRSA colonization in hemodialysis patients of north-west of Iran

Author

Behrooz Naghili, Alireza Dehnad, Mojtaba Varshochi, Leila Rahbarnia, Fatemeh Ravanbakhsh Ghavghani, Mohammad Hossein Ghaffari Agdam, and Ahad Bazmani

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Hemodialysis patients, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Antibiotics, lcsh:Medicine, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Iran, MRSA colonization, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Renal Dialysis, Ampicillin, Internal medicine, Throat, medicine, Humans, Colonization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cefoxitin, lcsh:Science (General), lcsh:QH301-705.5, Dialysis, business.industry, lcsh:R, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Middle Aged, S. aureus, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Research Note, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, lcsh:Biology (General), Linezolid, Female, Hemodialysis, business, medicine.drug, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract

Objectives Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus colonization is one of the main causes of serious infections in hemodialysis patients. This cross-sectional study was performed to examine prevalence of MRSA colonization and evaluation of risk factors in hemodialysis patients. A total of 560 swab samples from nasal, the skin around catheter and throat were collected from 231 hemodialysis patients in Tabriz. The standard biochemical tests were used for identification of S. aureus isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined against 11 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Phenotypic test of S. aureus was performed using novobiocin 30 μg/disc, and methicillin sensitivity test was performed by cefoxitin 30 μg/disc. Results Overall, 50.65% (118/231) hemodialysis patients were positive for S. aureus which 34.93% (80/231) of patients were MRSA carriage. The MRSA colonization in patients with a catheter (44.06%) was more than individuals utilizing a fistula (24.57%, p = 0.030). Among sampling sites, the highest MRSA was related to nasal samples (30.70%, p

Published
2019

18. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of P4 Nuclease from Leishmania infantum

Author

Mohammad Hossein Alimohammadian, Abbas Beh-pajooh, Leila Rahbarnia, Soheila Montazer Saheb, Safar Farajnia, Nazli Saeedi, Bahram Maleki Zanjani, and Shahin Abdoli Oskoee

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Nuclease, biology, Article Subject, Molecular cloning, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Molecular biology, Homology (biology), lcsh:Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enzyme, chemistry, lcsh:Biology (General), parasitic diseases, biology.protein, lcsh:QD415-436, Leishmania infantum, Amastigote, Molecular Biology, Gene, lcsh:QH301-705.5, DNA, Research Article
Abstract

Parasite of the genus Leishmania is reliant on the salvage pathway for recycling of ribonucleotides. A class I nuclease enzyme also known as P4 nuclease is involved in salvage of purines in cutaneous Leishmania species but the relevant enzymes have not been characterized in Leishmania infantum (L. infantum). The aim of this study was to clone and characterize the gene encoding class I nuclease in L. infantum. DNA extracted from L. infantum was used for amplification of P4 nuclease gene (Li-P4) by PCR. The product was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in E. coli for further characterization. Analysis of the sequence of Li-P4 revealed that the gene consists of an ORF of 951 bp. Sequence similarity analysis indicated that Li-P4 has a high homology to relevant enzymes of other kintoplastids with the highest homology (88%) to p1/s1 class I nuclease from L. donovani. Western blotting of antirecombinant Li-P4 with promastigote and amastigote stages of L. infantum showed that this nuclease is present in both stages of parasite with higher expression in amastigote stage. The highly conserved nature of this essential enzyme in Leishmania parasites suggests it as a promising drug target for leishmaniasis.

Published
2011
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19. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients suffering from gastric symptoms in the Northwest of Iran

Author

Nazli Saeedi, Safar Farajnia, Leila Rahbarnia, Abbas Rafat, Soheila Montazersaheb, and Rana Yousefzadeh

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Helicobacter pylori infection, biology, business.industry, Peptic, Cancer, Plant Science, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Microbiology, Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Internal medicine, Immunology, medicine, Seroprevalence, In patient, Helicobacter, Gastritis, medicine.symptom, business, Pathogen
Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a major gastroduodenal pathogen and its seropositivity is associated with increased risk of development of human active chronic gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection among subjects with gastrointestinal problems. A total of 339 serum samples collected from 114 male and 225 female were screened for detection of anti H. pylori IgG, IgA and IgM using commercial ELISA tests. The overall seropositivity rates were as follows: anti H. pylori IgG 73%; anti H. pylori IgM 43% and anti H. pylori IgA 25%. Seropositivity of anti H. pylori IgG increased markedly with age and highest infection rate (96%) was seen in individuals 40 to 50 years old. Anti H. pylori IgA was also correlated with increasing age. No association was detected between H. pylori seropositivity, gender and inflammatory laboratory parameters. This study revealed the high prevalence of H. pylori infection among symptomatic subjects in northwest of Iran. Key words: Helicobacter pylori, seroprevalence, IgG, IgA, IgM.

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