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Abstract Aims Compensatory mechanisms in heart failure (HF) are triggered to maintain adequate cardiac output. Among them, hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the main ones and carries a worse prognosis. The pupillary reflex depends on the SNS, and we can evaluate it through pupillometry. The aim of the study was to compare the differences in pupillary reflex between patients with acute HF and controls and to analyse whether these differences in pupillary reflex may offer a new and easy prognostic factor in such patients. Methods and results We prospectively and consecutively included 107 patients admitted with decompensated HF. Quantitative pupillometry was performed with the NeuroOptics pupillometry during the first 24 h after admission and prior to discharge. The results were compared with those of a group of 100 healthy volunteers who also underwent pupillometry. The maximum baseline pupil size (MBPS) and the minimum pupil diameter (MPD) were measured. Patients with decompensated HF have a higher MBPS (3.64 ± 0.81) and higher MPD (2.60 ± 0.58) than HF patients at discharge and in the control group (P‐value = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Also, HF patients presented an improvement in pupillometric values at discharge [MBPS (3.47 ± 0.79) and MPD (2.51 ± 0.58)] and showed no differences compared with the control group [MBPS (3.34 ± 0.82) and MPD (2.40 ± 0.53)] (P‐value = 0.19 and 0.14, respectively). In addition, MBPS provides a good independent predictor of in‐hospital and 1 month mortality in patients admitted with HF. Six patients (5.61%) died during hospital admission, and 11 patients (10.2%) died in the first month after discharge. Also, four patients (3.74%) were readmitted within 1 month of discharge. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting in‐hospital mortality through MBPS was 0.823. No patient with an MBPS

Reactive carbonyl species such as methylglyoxal (MGO) act as potent glycating agents that are implicated in several oxidative stress-induced diseases, including, but not limited to, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In the present study, a combined approach of initial computational studies and in vitro analysis was utilized to investigate the therapeutic benefit of L-cysteine (CYS), a thiol-containing compound. Based on the reactive analysis using global and local density functional theory (DFT) descriptors, the data reported here has revealed that CYS matches its electron-donating capacity with the electron acceptor, methylglyoxal, making the former a good candidate sequestering agent for the latter. Furthermore, in vitro analysis shows that CYS exhibits significant inhibitory effects towards damaging protein structural alteration and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Such assessment came about through Congo red binding Assay and Antiglycation Assay using BSA-MGO and BSA-glucose model systems. Additionally, CYS also demonstrates a significant protective effect towards MGO-induced oxidative stress in mouse C2C12 myotubes. Therefore, this thiol-containing compound is a promising therapeutic tool for several glycation or AGEs-induced pathological conditions. The use of more relevant cellular and animal models of desired disease studies is recommended to better understand the mechanistic basis of CYS’s potential therapeutic effect. This study utilizing the combined approach of computational and in-vitro analysis, provides helpful data to maximize the potential impact of CYS by designing related molecules that could serve as novel treatment strategies that are effective, safe, and accessible to all in the future.

Antibiotics and biocides can be more effective when combined with compounds that enhance their activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Our aim was therefore to explore the synergistic effect between biocides or antibiotics with essential oil compounds against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. The study was conducted with four representative essential oil compounds (EOCs): geraniol, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and eugenol, combined with antibiotics or biocides. Two strains, isolated from slaughterhouse surfaces during meat production and previously classified as MDR, were tested, Enterococcus faecalis E7.10 and Pseudomonas psychrophila M33T02.2. Both strains exhibited resistance to various antimicrobials tested, P. psychrophila M33T02.2 showed greater MICs for all antimicrobials except ampicillin (AMP) and chloramphenicol (CL), while E. faecalis E7.10 showed the highest resistance. Synergistic effects were observed combining subinhibitory concentrations of eugenol (EU) and cinnamaldehyde (CA) with AMP or erythromycin (E) against E. faecalis E7.10. For P. psychrophila M.33T02.2, only EU showed synergy when combined with chloramphenicol (CL) and cetrimide (CTR), however synergy was observed combining vancomycin (VN) with cinnamaldehyde (CN), as well as for the biocides CTR and benzalkonium (BC) with geraniol (GE) or cinnamaldehyde (CN). All tested synergies, except CTR with EU for E. faecalis E7.10, furthermore showed strong inhibition of biofilm development. Similarly, all synergies were effective against P. psychrophila M33T02.2 biofilm formation, except combinations involving BC. It is important to highlight the absence of cytotoxic effects on microglial cells U3_MG and BV2 cells (p > 0.05) at low concentrations, indicating their safety. These results allow us to propose the use of EOCs as adjuvant of antibiotics and biocides to limit the spread of MDR bacteria in the food chain and the environment, in addition to their use alone or in combination with biocides in food product preservation against foodborne pathogens.

El Gorgias ofrece un arduo debate sobre la persuasión. Una de las tesis suscritas por Sócrates es que existen dos formas de persuasión: una que produce mera creencia –πειθὼ πιστευτική– y otra, muy distinta, que instruye –πειθὼ διδασκαλική–. Este artículo pretende, por una parte, relacionar estas dos formas de persuasión con la retórica tradicional y la actividad filosófica, respectivamente, y, por otra, analizar a partir de estas dos formas de persuasión el mito conclusivo del Gorgias, en el que Sócrates habla acerca del destino del alma en el más allá. La conclusión es que el contenido del mito final es coherente con las tesis razonadas ofrecidas por Sócrates durante la parte dialogada y que, mediante el empleo del mito, Platón problematiza los límites de la enseñanza filosófica.

Purpose: This study aims to investigates the perceptions of 3rd-year accountancy students concerning the passing rates of the Licensure Examination for Certified Public Accountants (LECPA). Design/methodology/approach: This study utilized a qualitative research design with a multiple case study approach, the researchers employed in-depth interviews, observations, and data mining to explore students’ decisions to persist in pursuing CPA licensure or reconsider their career paths. Research Findings: The results of the study indicated that some participants exhibited strong determination fueled by personal commitment, while others expressed hesitancy due to concerns about exam difficulty and the risk of failure. These insights emphasize the importance of robust support systems for aspiring Certified Public Accountants. Contribution/Originality/Novelty: The findings contribute valuable insights for academic institutions and educators to tailor effective support systems and interventions, advancing the understanding of career choices, educational motivation, and dynamics within the field of accountancy for 3rd-year students. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa akuntansi tahun ke-3 mengenai tingkat kelulusan Ujian Lisensi Akuntan Publik Bersertifikat (LECPA). Desain / metodologi / pendekatan: Penelitian ini memanfaatkan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus ganda, para peneliti menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan penggalian data untuk mengeksplorasi keputusan siswa untuk tetap mengejar lisensi CPA atau mempertimbangkan kembali jalur karir mereka. Temuan Penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa peserta menunjukkan tekad yang kuat yang dipicu oleh komitmen pribadi, sementara yang lain menyatakan keraguan karena kekhawatiran akan kesulitan ujian dan risiko kegagalan. Wawasan ini menekankan pentingnya sistem pendukung yang kuat bagi calon Akuntan Publik Bersertifikat. Kontribusi / Orisinalitas / Kebaruan: Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi wawasan berharga bagi institusi akademis dan pendidik untuk menyesuaikan sistem pendukung dan intervensi yang efektif, memajukan pemahaman tentang pilihan karir, motivasi pendidikan, dan dinamika dalam bidang akuntansi untuk siswa tahun ke-3.

The evisceration of infested species on board commercial fleets and the throwing of viscera into the sea, as is mostly the case for hake, is common practice for reducing the occurrence of Anisakis in fishery products. Moreover, the high levels of infestation and the lack of technically and economically feasible solutions hinder the possibility of recovering viscera with other fish processing byproducts as raw material for feed without the risk of transmission of allergens to humans, with the subsequent risk for public health. The aim of this work was to study the fate of Anisakis simplex allergens during 11 days of silage of infested hake (Merluccius merluccius) viscera, as a potential method for eliminating this risk. While the viscera were almost completely liquefied, an increase in the allergenicity of the soluble fraction was observed, which decreased only slightly after day 9. As we are aware of the resistance of parasite allergens to gastrointestinal enzymes, silage was also analyzed after 12 and 15 months. While the lower molecular weight fragments of Anisakis proteins are fully digested, some larger fragments with potential allergenicity resisted autolysis after long silage periods, but they were present in a very low concentration. The study concludes that there is the potential of silage as a method for recovering fish viscera infested with Anisakis.

Sous vide cooking implies cooking foods, packed under vacuum conditions, at controlled temperatures (Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Clostridium spores) in chicken breast and eggs (omelet). For this purpose, two levels of inoculation (102 and 106 CFU/g), two different recipes, and two distinct treatments (with and without storage) for each food were studied. After treatments and storage, the corresponding microbiological counts were performed with standard methods. Average inactivation rates observed were 1.70, 4.82, and 4.34 log for Clostridium spores, Campylobacter, and Salmonella, respectively. No significant differences in microbial inactivation were perceived between the different recipes (food composition) or treatments, except for Clostridium spores, which showed a higher inactivation rate (2.30 log) when samples were stored. In general, preliminary results showed that, although appropriate levels of inactivation are reached for vegetative pathogenic cells, in some cases (spores in breast and Salmonella in eggs), the remaining microbiological risks should be considered and further studied, especially if long-term storage is planned.

Summary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic heightened risks for individuals with hematological malignancies due to compromised immune systems, leading to more severe outcomes and increased mortality. While interventions like vaccines, targeted antivirals, and monoclonal antibodies have been effective for the general population, their benefits for these patients may not be as pronounced. Methods: The EPICOVIDEHA registry (National Clinical Trials Identifier, NCT04733729) gathers COVID-19 data from hematological malignancy patients since the pandemic's start worldwide. It spans various global locations, allowing comprehensive analysis over the first three years (2020–2022). Findings: The EPICOVIDEHA registry collected data from January 2020 to December 2022, involving 8767 COVID-19 cases in hematological malignancy patients from 152 centers across 41 countries, with 42% being female. Over this period, there was a significant reduction in critical infections and an overall decrease in mortality from 29% to 4%. However, hospitalization, particularly in the ICU, remained associated with higher mortality rates. Factors contributing to increased mortality included age, multiple comorbidities, active malignancy at COVID-19 onset, pulmonary symptoms, and hospitalization. On the positive side, vaccination with one to two doses or three or more doses, as well as encountering COVID-19 in 2022, were associated with improved survival. Interpretation: Patients with hematological malignancies still face elevated risks, despite reductions in critical infections and overall mortality rates over time. Hospitalization, especially in ICUs, remains a significant concern. The study underscores the importance of vaccination and the timing of COVID-19 exposure in 2022 for enhanced survival in this patient group. Ongoing monitoring and targeted interventions are essential to support this vulnerable population, emphasizing the critical role of timely diagnosis and prompt treatment in preventing severe COVID-19 cases. Funding: Not applicable.

Hombre de 79 años, hipertenso y exfumador derivado por xeroftalmía y xerostomía de 3 años de evolución y patrón intersticial en radiografía de tórax. No refería síntomas respiratorios, en la exploración física presentó saturación del 98% basal y crepitantes bibasales secos.

Abstract Background CPX‐351 is approved for the treatment of therapy related acute myeloid leukemia (t‐AML) and AML with myelodysplastic related changes (MRC‐AML). The benefits of this treatment over standard chemotherapy has not been addressed in well matched cohorts of real‐life patients. Methods Retrospective analysis of AML patients treated with CPX‐351 as per routine practice. A propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare their main outcomes with those observed in a matched cohort among 765 historical patients receiving intensive chemotherapy (IC), all of them reported to the PETHEMA epidemiologic registry. Results Median age of 79 patients treated with CPX‐351 was 67 years old (interquartile range 62–71), 53 were MRC‐AML. The complete remission (CR) rate or CR without recovery (CRi) after 1 or 2 cycles of CPX‐351 was 52%, 60‐days mortality 18%, measurable residual disease

Introducción. La principal medida de control de la mancha marrón (MM) causada por Septoria glycines, se realiza mediante la aplicación de fungicida foliar, sin embargo, el manejo de la enfermedad podría realizarse con prácticas de manejo cultural y genético. Objetivo. Analizar la evolución de la MM de la soja en diferentes sistemas de producción. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio se llevó a cabo durante dos años consecutivos (2020 y 2022), en la localidad de Pergamino, Buenos Aires, sobre un cultivar de soja DM46i20. Las variables de manejo fueron cultivos de cobertura (CC), rotaciones (Rt), momento de aplicación del fungicida foliar (MAFF). La variable patométrica evaluada fue el área bajo la curva de progreso de la altura de la planta con síntomas (ABCPAPS) y como variable cuantitativa fisiología sobre el cultivo el rendimiento (R) en granos en kg/ha. Resultados. Las prácticas de manejo agronómico tuvieron un efecto significativo (p≤0,05) sobre el R y el ABCPAPS. Las variables CC y MAFF fueron independientes y presentaron una repuesta significativa (p

RESUMEN Introducción: La arteritis de Takayasu se trata de una vasculitis de grandes vasos, crónica y granulomatosa caracterizada por la presencia de estenosis y aneurismas en la aorta y sus ramas principales. Se produce inflamación vascular que causa dolor. Las pruebas de imagen como el PET-TC han ganado importancia en el diagnóstico. El tratamiento se realiza con inmunosupresores, pudiendo usar fármacos biológicos en casos refractarios. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 3 casos de enfermedad de Takayasu. Resultados: Presentamos 3 casos atípicos de vasculitis de Takayasu que fueron diagnosticados mediante PET-TC y que evolucionaron de forma diferente, requiriendo 2 de ellos tratamiento con fármacos biológicos. Conclusión: Pruebas de imagen como el PET-TC permiten un diagnóstico temprano y un seguimiento de la enfermedad. Con el uso de fármacos biológicos podemos controlar los casos refractarios. ABSTRACT Introduction: Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis of large vessels characterized by the presence of stenosis and aneurysms in the aorta and its mainbranches. Vascular inflammation occurs that causes pain. Imaging tests such as PET-CT have gained importance in diagnosis. The treatment is carried out with immunosuppressants, being able to use biological drugs in refractory cases. Material and methods: Retrospective descriptive study of 3 cases of Takayasu's disease. Results: We present 3 atypical cases of Takayasu vasculitis that were diagnosed by PETCT and that evolved differently, requiring 2 of them treatment with biological drugs. Conclusion: Imaging tests such as PET-CT allow early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. With the use of biological drugs we can control refractory cases.

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) perpetrated against health professionals is a major problem in health sector. It affects health and performance of workers. The aims of this study were: 1) to assess WPV facing nurses in the northern region of Morocco and 2) to identify the related factors. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the northern region of Morocco from October to December 2021. In total, 391 volunteer nurses working in 13 hospitals were enrolled. A self-reported questionnaire, ‘Violent Incident Form’ (VIF), was distributed to the participants. It assesses verbal and physical violence. Results: We obtained 98% response rate and 97% of the respondent nurses faced at least one WPV episode the last year. Verbal violence is the most common type of violence. Significant factors as age of the victims (c2 = 15.34; p = 0.038) and the assaulters (c2 = 27.66; p

Abstract Next-Generation Sequencing is needed for the accurate genetic risk stratification of acute myeloid leukemia according to European LeukemiaNet (ELN) guidelines. We validated and compared the 2022 ELN risk classification in a real-life cohort of 546 intensively and 379 non-intensively treated patients. Among fit patients, those aged ≥65 years old showed worse OS than younger regardless risk classification. Compared with the 2017 classification, 14.5% of fit patients changed the risk with the 2022 classification, increasing the high-risk group from 44.3% to 51.8%. 3.7% and 0.9% FLT3-ITD mutated patients were removed from the favorable and adverse 2017 categories respectively to 2022 intermediate risk group. We suggest that midostaurin therapy could be a predictor for 3 years OS (85.2% with vs. 54.8% without midostaurin, P = 0.04). Forty-seven (8.6%) patients from the 2017 intermediate group were assigned to the 2022 adverse-risk group as they harbored myelodysplasia (MDS)-related mutations. Patients with one MDS-related mutation did not reach median OS, while patients with ≥2 mutations had 13.6 months median OS (P = 0.002). Patients with TP53 ± complex karyotype or inv(3) had a dismal prognosis (7.1 months median OS). We validate the prognostic utility of the 2022 ELN classification in a real-life setting providing supportive evidences to improve risk stratification guidelines.

Abstract Only few studies have analyzed the efficacy of tixagevimab/cilgavimab to prevent severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related complications in hematologic malignancies (HM) patients. Here, we report cases of breakthrough COVID-19 after prophylactic tixagevimab/cilgavimab from the EPICOVIDEHA registry). We identified 47 patients that had received prophylaxis with tixagevimab/cilgavimab in the EPICOVIDEHA registry. Lymphoproliferative disorders (44/47, 93.6%) were the main underlying HM. SARS-CoV-2 strains were genotyped in 7 (14.9%) cases only, and all belonged to the omicron variant. Forty (85.1%) patients had received vaccinations prior to tixagevimab/cilgavimab, the majority of them with at least two doses. Eleven (23.4%) patients had a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, 21 (44.7%) a moderate infection, while 8 (17.0%) had severe infection and 2 (4.3%) critical. Thirty-six (76.6%) patients were treated, either with monoclonal antibodies, antivirals, corticosteroids, or with combination schemes. Overall, 10 (21.3%) were admitted to a hospital. Among these, two (4.3%) were transferred to intensive care unit and one (2.1%) of them died. Our data seem to show that the use of tixagevimab/cilgavimab may lead to a COVID-19 severity reduction in HM patients; however, further studies should incorporate further HM patients to confirm the best drug administration strategies in immunocompromised patients.

Despite the high success rates of dental implants, peri-implantitis is currently the most common complication in dental implantology. Peri-implantitis has an inflammatory nature, it is associated with the accumulation of plaque in the peri-implant tissues, and its evolution can be progressive depending on various factors, comorbidities, and poor oral health. Prophylaxis and different treatment methods have been widely discussed in recent decades, and surgical and non-surgical techniques present both advantages and disadvantages. In this work, a literature review of different studies on the application of adjuvant treatments, such as local and systemic antibiotics and antiseptic treatments, was conducted. Positive outcomes have been found in the short (up to one year after treatment) and long term (up to ten years after treatment) with combined therapies. However, there is still a need to explore new therapies based on the use of advanced drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of peri-implantitis in the long term and without relapses. Hence, micro- and nanoparticles, implants, and injectable hydrogels, among others, should be considered in future peri-implantitis treatment with the aim of enhancing overall therapy outcomes.

IntroductionAlcohol consumption is the main substance abused during university and is associated with physical, legal, emotional, social, and cognitive consequences. The peer-led BASICS intervention has been shown to be effective in decreasing the quantity and frequency of drinking, the estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and the number of binge drinking episodes among this population.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of the peer-led BASICS intervention to reduce risky alcohol consumption among university students in the Spanish context.Materials and methodsA two-arm randomized controlled trial in a university in northern Spain including 308 first- and second-year university students recruited between October 2022 to March 2023. The intervention was a 30-min in-person peer-led motivational interview. Participants were assessed at baseline and 1-month postintervention. The primary outcome was the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption during a typical week. The intervention effect was verified using a mixed factorial ANOVA model.ResultsCompared with students in the control group, students who received the intervention reduced the number of drinks per week by 5.7 (95% CI 5.54, 5.86); the number of drinks consumed in a typical weekend by 5.2 (95% CI 5.07, 5.33); the number of drinks consumed on the occasion of greatest consumption by 4.9 (95% CI 4.78, 5.02); the number of binge drinking episodes by 1.4 (95% CI 1.37, 1.43); the peak BAC on a typical week and on the occasion of greatest consumption decreased by 0.06 (95% CI 0.058, 0.062) and 0.09 (95% CI 0.088, 0.092); the number of alcohol-related consequences by 5.8 (95% CI 5.67, 5.93); and the motivation to change their alcohol use increased by −0.8 (95% CI −0.85, −0.75).ConclusionThe peer-led BASICS intervention is effective in changing alcohol consumption and its related consequences among Spanish university students in the short term. The action of nursing students as counselors positively impacted drinking patterns among their peers.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05639374?intr=Effectiveness%20of%20a%20Peer-led%20Program%20to%20Prevent%20Alcohol%20Consumption&rank=1&page=1&limit=10, identifier: NCT05639374.

Honey bees health is compromised by many factors such as the use of agrochemicals in agriculture and the various diseases that can affect them. Multiple studies have shown that these factors can interact, producing a synergistic effect that can compromise the viability of honey bees. This study analyses the interactions between different pesticides and the microsporidium Nosema ceranae and their effect on immune and detoxification gene expression, sugar consumption and mortality in the Iberian western honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis). For this purpose, workers were infected with N. ceranae and subjected to a sugar-water diet with field concentrations of the pesticides sulfoxaflor, azoxystrobin and glyphosate. Increased sugar intake and altered immune and cytochrome P450 gene expression were observed in workers exposed to sulfoxaflor and infected with N. ceranae. None of the pesticides affected Nosema spore production in honey bee gut. Of the three pesticides tested (alone or in combination) only sulfoxaflor increased mortality in honey bees. Taken together, our results suggest that the effects of sulfoxaflor were attenuated in contact with other pesticides, and that Nosema infection leads to increase sugar intake in sulfoxaflor-exposed bees. Overall, this underlines the importance of studying the interaction between different stressors to understand their overall impact not only on honey bee but also on wild bees health.

Introduction. Cercospora Leaf Blight (CBL) and Purple Seed Stain (PSS) are two endemic diseases of soybean (Glycine max) in Argentina. Objective. To select the bioclimatic variables (VBs) associated to the severity values equal to or greater than 90 % of the CBL and/or incidences equal to or greater than 50 % for the PSS in Argentina. Materials and methods. In the soybean region of Argentina between 2015 and 2016, 45 VBs available in Worldclim (temperatures, precipitations, and radiation) were used for modeling with the MaxEnt program. From the maps obtained in the modeling, the probabilities of a severity (SEV) of CBL ≥ 90 % and/or an incidence (I) of PSS ≥ 50 % were extracted for each geographical point evaluated in this study, subsequently used in generating multiple linear regressions. Results. Among of the 45 analyzed VBs, precipitation and temperature showed the strongest association with both diseases. Radiation exhibited the least association with both Cercospora Leaf Blight severity (SEV) and Purple Seed Stain incidence. Conclusion. Bioclimatic variables such as temperatures (between 25 °C and 30 °C) and precipitation between the months of December to April exhibited the strongest associations with severity values equal to or greater than 90 % of the CBL and/or incidences equal to or greater than 50 % for PSS in Argentina.

Adenomera is a genus of Neotropical leaf-litter frogs widely distributed in South America and regarded taxonomic-wise challenging. One of these is the open-habitat Adenomera diptyx from Paraguay, which may correspond to a species complex. An integrative analysis of morphological variation, in combination with acoustic and molecular data of several populations from Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil resulted in the recharacterization of nominal A. diptyx and the description of a new, closely related species. Adenomera diptyx is recognized by its advertisement call given at a high repetition rate (176–299 per minute), and the dorsal color pattern consisting of a light mid-dorsal line and a dark brown interorbital bar with irregular black edges. In comparison with A. diptyx, the new species, Adenomera guarani sp. nov., produces its advertisement call at a lower repetition rate (73–147 per minute), and the dorsal color pattern consists of a light, broad, mid-dorsal stripe and a mask-like patch in the interorbital region. The redefinition of A. diptyx will contribute to future studies focusing on the taxonomic status of other genetic lineages tentatively assigned to this species complex, which could represent additional unnamed species in the open-habitat Adenomera clade.

Introducción. En el manejo integrado de enfermedades es importante incorporar elementos como umbrales de daño económico, monitoreo y sistemas de pronóstico de riesgo, los cuales constituyen herramientas para definir estrategias de control de las mismas. Objetivo. Desarrollar un modelo predictivo de la severidad del tizón foliar por Cercospora (TFC) mediante variables meteorológicas para el norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Materiales y métodos. Se contó con datos de incidencia y severidad del TFC correspondientes a cinco ciclos productivos de soja (2013-2017) de Pergamino, Buenos Aires, relevados en distintos estados reproductivos R1 a R7. La variable dependiente fue la probabilidad de ocurrencia de niveles categorizados de la tasa de incremento (TI) de la severidad del TFC causado por C. kikuchii. Los elementos y variables meteorológicas utilizados fueron registros diarios de temperatura máxima y mínima, precipitación y humedad relativa. Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación no paramétrico de Kendall Tau-b entre los niveles categorizados binariamente de TI de la severidad del TFC y las variables meteorológicas. Resultados. Las variables meteorológicas con mayor correlación en relación con la TI del TFC fueron aquellas relacionadas con la humedad relativa (DHR, MOJRO, DHRT). La inclusión de una variable térmica (GDTmax) resultó importante para el ajuste del modelo predictivo. Conclusión. Se pudo desarrollar un modelo de predicción de la severidad del TFC que incluyó dos variables meteorológicas, una relacionada con los días la humedad relativa y otra térmica relacionada con un límite de temperatura máxima para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Para validar y robustecer el modelo propuesto es necesario contar con más datos de severidad a través de los años.

Treatment options for patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) and AML with myeloid-related changes (AMLMRC) aged 60 to 75 years are scarce and unsuitable. A pivotal trial showed that CPX-351 improved complete remission with/without incomplete recovery (CR/CRi) and overall survival (OS) as compared with standard "3+7" regimens. We retrospectively analyze outcomes of 765 patients with sAML and AML-MRC aged 60 to 75 years treated with intensive chemotherapy, reported to the PETHEMA registry before CPX-351 became available. The CR/CRi rate was 48%, median OS was 7.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7-8.5) and event-free survival (EFS) 2.7 months (95% CI: 2-3.3), without differences between intensive chemotherapy regimens and AML type. Multivariate analyses identified age ≥70 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥1 as independent adverse prognostic factors for CR/CRi and OS, while favorable/intermediate cytogenetic risk and NPM1 were favorable prognostic factors. Patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplant (HSCT), autologous HSCT, and those who completed more consolidation cycles showed improved OS. This large study suggests that classical intensive chemotherapy could lead to similar CR/CRi rates with slightly shorter median OS than CPX-351.

COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has emerged as a frequent complication in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, little is known about this life-threatening fungal superinfection in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), including whether targeted anti-mold prophylaxis might be justified in this immunosuppressed population. We performed a multicentric observational retrospective study of all consecutive ICU-admitted COVID-19 SOTRs between August 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. SOTRs receiving antifungal prophylaxis with nebulized amphotericin-B were compared with those without prophylaxis. CAPA was defined according the ECMM/ISHAM criteria. Sixty-four SOTRs were admitted to ICU for COVID-19 during the study period. One patient received antifungal prophylaxis with isavuconazole and was excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 63 SOTRs, nineteen (30.2%) received anti-mold prophylaxis with nebulized amphotericin-B. Ten SOTRs who did not receive prophylaxis developed pulmonary mold infections (nine CAPA and one mucormycosis) compared with one who received nebulized amphotericin-B (22.7% vs 5.3%; risk ratio 0.23; 95%CI 0.032-1.68), but with no differences in survival. No severe adverse events related to nebulized amphotericin-B were recorded. SOTRs admitted to ICU with COVID-19 are at high risk for CAPA. However, nebulized amphotericin-B is safe and might reduce the incidence of CAPA in this high-risk population. A randomized clinical trial to confirm these findings is warranted.

Introduction. Yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is currently the main disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the north of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It has caused yield losses close to 20 %. Objective. To evaluate the effect of different agronomic management systems on wheat yield and incidence of yellow rust. Materials and methods. The trial was carried out in the town of Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina, during the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. The experimental design was in subdivided plots, the largest plot was with and without cover crop, the subplot was agronomic management, and the sub-subplot the application was foliar fungicide at different phenological stages of the wheat crop. Results. With the use of foliar fungicides in stages close to stem elongation and the use of a cultivar resistant to the disease produced a reduction in the area under the disease progress curve (AUCPE) by 62.50 %, which translated into significant grain yield increases of 29.52 %. Foliar fungicide application resulted in a 16.94 % increase in wheat yield. The implementation of a sustainable integrated management system generated yield increases of 29.52 %. Conclusions. The use of a resistant cultivar and the application of a foliar fungicide at early stages and with low levels of the disease, significantly reduced the AUCPE of yellow rust and increased the wheat yield in experimental plots.

Introducción: La pandemia por la COVID-19 ocasionó una serie de repercusiones y cambios drásticos en la salud mental de los estudiantes de pregrado, como el cansancio emocional, lo cual pudo su bienestar psicológico. Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación entre el cansancio emocional y el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes de la carrera profesional de enfermería. Método: El enfoque fue cuantitativo, el diseño no experimental y el tipo, descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 184 estudiantes a quienes se les aplicó la Escala de Cansancio Emocional y la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos, instrumentos adaptados para estudiantes y con adecuados niveles de validez basada en el contenido y confiabilidad. Para identificar la relación entre las variables de estudio se aplicó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: El 63 % de los estudiantes evidenciaron niveles moderados de cansancio emocional y el 75 % tuvieron altos niveles de bienestar psicológico. Por otro lado, se observó una correlación inversa entre las variables cansancio emocional y bienestar psicológico (r= -0,267; p< 0,05). Asimismo, se encontró que las mujeres presentaron mayores niveles de cansancio emocional que los varones. Conclusiones: Existe relación inversa y significativa entre el cansancio emocional y el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes de Enfermería durante la pospandemia.

Abstract Some patients with COVID-19 pneumonia develop an associated cytokine storm syndrome that aggravates the pulmonary disease. These patients may benefit of anti-inflammatory treatment. The role of colchicine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and established hyperinflammation remains unexplored. In a prospective, randomized controlled, observer-blinded endpoint, investigator-initiated trial, 240 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and established hyperinflammation were randomly allocated to receive oral colchicine or not. The primary efficacy outcome measure was a composite of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (CPAP or BiPAP), admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation requirement or death. The composite primary outcome occurred in 19.3% of the total study population. The composite primary outcome was similar in the two arms (17% in colchicine group vs. 20.8% in the control group; p = 0.533) and the same applied to each of its individual components. Most patients received steroids (98%) and heparin (99%), with similar doses in both groups. In this trial, including adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and associated hyperinflammation, no clinical benefit was observed with short-course colchicine treatment beyond standard care regarding the combined outcome measurement of CPAP/BiPAP use, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation or death (Funded by the Community of Madrid, EudraCT Number: 2020-001841-38; 26/04/2020).

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with increasing prevalence at a global level. The discovery of insulin in the early 1900s represented a major breakthrough in diabetes management, with further milestones being subsequently achieved with the identification of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the introduction of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in clinical practice. Moreover, the subcutaneous delivery of biotherapeutics is a well-established route of administration generally preferred over the intravenous route due to better patient compliance and prolonged drug absorption. However, current subcutaneous formulations of GLP-1 RAs present pharmacokinetic problems that lead to adverse reactions and treatment discontinuation. In this review, we discuss the current challenges of subcutaneous administration of peptide-based therapeutics and provide an overview of the formulations available for the different routes of administration with improved bioavailability and reduced frequency of administration.

La búsqueda y el tratamiento de la valentía han sido llevados a cabo por Platón en numerosos diálogos, desde la temprana Apología hasta las Leyes, lo que indica la gran importancia que el filósofo ateniense concedía a esta cuestión. Por otro lado, la valentía es tratada en numerosos contextos diferentes —con diferentes interlocutores, diferentes temas y diferentes objetivos— que dan lugar a un nutrido número de aproximaciones a partir de las cuales cabe construir una visión bastante completa de lo que Platón entendía por valentía (andreía).

Introducción. La podredumbre carbonosa causada por Macrophomina phaseolina es un patógeno que sobrevive en el suelo mediante microesclerocios (fase de Sclerotium bataticola). Este patógeno afecta a diferentes cultivos, entre los que se destancan la soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) y el maíz (Zea mays L.), por su importancia en la Argentina. Objetivo. Demostrar que el causante de las muertes de las plantas de soja y de maíz en los años de sequía en la provincia de Misiones es la prodredumbre carbonosa. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron muestras de diferentes localidades de la provincia de Misiones, Argentina, durante febrero de 2022. Mediante la observación a ojo desnudo de plantas enfermas y con el auxilio de microscopia estereoscópica y microscoscopio óptico se determinó la identidad del patógeno presente. Resultados. Se detectó la presencia de microesclerocios compatibles con S. bataticola como agente causal de podredumbre carbonosa en las muestras de maíz y soja, en todas las muestras de la provincia de Misiones. Conclusión. La podredumbre carbonosa causada por M. phaseolina se encuentra presente en los cultivos de soja y de maíz en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina.

Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) causes extensive losses in soybean production in worldwide, including major soybean-producing countries such as Argentina. Cercospora kikuchii, C. cf. sigesbeckiae, C. cf. flagellaris, and C. cf. nicotianae are identified as pathogens of CLB. Soybean resistance against CLB is still unknown. Also, chemical control for CLB is losing effectiveness because of fungicide resistance of pathogens such as C. kikuchii. We urgently need to breed a CLB-resistant cultivar. Unfortunately, efficient methods for the screening of a resistant soybean genotype have not yet been established. In this study, we designed a new, high-throughput inoculation method for identifying resistance against one of the CLB pathogens, C. kikuchii. We used liquid-cultured mycelia of the pathogen C. kikuchii on detached soybean leaves. Lesions on soybean leaflets appeared 9 days postinoculation by this method. We used this method to select four C. kikuchii-resistant genotypes from 80 genotypes in the World Soybean Core Collection. The high-throughput screening method developed in this study can contribute to the research about C. kikuchii resistance by facilitating identification of resistant varieties.[Figure: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.

Introduction. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) net blotch (MR) causes yield losses estimated between 23 % to 44 %, as well as its malting quality. Objective. To evaluate over time the evolution of net blotch in different malting barley cultivars with and without application of foliar fungicide, associating it with yield and malting quality. Materials and methods. The trial was carried out during 2017 at the experimental field Universidad Nacional del Noroeste of the Buenos Aires province, in the city of Junín (Bs. As., Argentina) with an experimental block design with a 5x2 factorial arrangement and three repetitions, with randomization within blocks. Factor 1 was the cultivars and factor 2 was the foliar fungicide treatment. The pathometric variables incidence and severity were used to calculate the intensity of the MR and subsequently the area under the disease intensity progress curve (ABCPIE). Results. There was no interaction between cultivars and foliar fungicide application. The application of the foliar fungicide allowed a decrease in the ABCPIE in all the cultivars evaluated. Caliper was significantly associated (R2=0.67; p

Type 2 diabetes is a disease characterized by dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, with numerous diabetic complications attributable to the resulting chronic exposure of cells and tissues to elevated concentrations of glucose and fatty acids. This in part results from formation of advanced glycation end-products and advanced lipidation end-products that can form adducts with proteins, lipids, or DNA and disrupt their normal cellular function. There is, however, growing evidence that supplementation with the endogenous histidine-containing dipeptide, carnosine, or its rate-limiting precursor, β-alanine, can ameliorate aspects of metabolic dysregulation that occur in diabetes and related conditions. Here we investigated the scavenging potential of β-alanine in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells and C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes, and show a significant reduction of >60% in reactive species that were generated by glucolipotoxic metabolic stress in both cell types following incubation with β-alanine for 5 days. Furthermore, β-alanine supplementation resulted in a protective action that helped prevent the damaging action of metabolic stress that otherwise leads to inhibition of mitochondrial function in both cell types. This in turn resulted in >60% preservation of insulin secretion and glucose uptake, in INS-1 cells and C2C12 cells respectively, which would otherwise be inhibited by metabolic stress. This suggests potential therapeutic benefit to taking β-alanine supplements as an alternative to carnosine.

Preconcentration of Cd and Pb at ultratrace level in waters following filtration through silver nanoparticles-cellulose composites used for thin-film microextraction was performed. The new procedure was based on the formation of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) derivatives, which showed a large affinity toward the AgNPs. For this purpose, cellulose filters modified with AgNPs were prepared in situ upon reduction of silver ions by sodium tetrahydroborate. The effect of several experimental parameters such as the kind of derivatization agent and its concentration, sample pH, desorption conditions and volume of filtered sample was assessed. Cd and Pb were quantitated in the eluates by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Filters were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in backscattering electron mode and combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, showing the presence of Ag and S in the cellulose filter. The repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD,%) was 1.4% for Cd and 5.8% for Pb. Methodological detection limits were 0.6 and 8.5 ng/L for Cd and Pb, respectively. The method was applied to several environmental waters.

En el Fedro de Platón, la dicotomía interior/exterior no sólo es empleada explícitamente por Sócrates en tres ocasiones, sino que es evocada tácitamente en numerosos pasajes. El presente artículo analiza en su contexto los diversos textos en los que se juega con dicho par conceptual, mostrando que, mediante su uso, Platón trata, entre otras cuestiones, de delimitar netamente la forma de vida filosófica, distinguiéndola de las restantes.

Introducción. El Tizón Foliar y la Mancha Púrpura de la Semilla son enfermedades causadas por Cercospora kikuchii que afectan a la soja (Glycine max L. Merr.) en el mundo y cuyos agentes etiológicos son hongos clasificados en distintas especies con cierta proximidad. Objetivo. Proporcionar un panorama sobre el patosistema del Tizón Foliar y la Mancha Púrpura de la Semilla causadas por Cercospora kikuchii, que afectan el cultivo de soja. Desarrollo. El grado de severidad y/o incidencia de ambas enfermedades varía tanto en Argentina como en el resto del mundo. Estudios recientes demostraron que hay gran variabilidad tanto morfológica como molecular entre los aislamientos de C. kikuchii obtenidos de pecíolo y semilla en las regiones norte, pampa norte y pampa sur recolectados en los años 2015 y 2016. El genoma a nivel de cromosoma de C. kikuchii se encuentra disponible. El ensamblaje del genoma de 9 contigs es de 34,44 Mb y el N50 es de 4,19 Mb. Sobre la base de la predicción de genes ab initio, se identificaron varios genes candidatos relacionados con la patogenicidad, incluidos 242 genes para efectores putativos, 55 grupos de genes de metabolitos secundarios y 399 genes de enzimas activas en carbohidratos. Conclusión. El Tizón Foliar y la Mancha Púrpura de la Semilla son enfermedades endémicas en la Argentina. El patógeno causal de ambas enfermedades presenta una gran variabilidad genética y molecular en la Argentina.

Introducción. En la actualidad la mancha en red, causada por Dreschlera teres en cebada, no posee una escala visual para evaluar la severidad de la enfermedad a campo, por lo tanto, la falta de un método estándar de la cuantificación visual de la enfermedad puede llevar a estimaciones imprecisas que induce a conclusiones equivocadas. Objetivo. Desarrollar una escala para evaluar la severidad de la mancha en red en hojas de cebada. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron cien hojas de diferentes cultivares de cebada cervecera, utilizados en un ensayo en el campo experimental de la Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, en la localidad de Junín, Buenos Aires, Argentina, durante el año 2017, las cuales presentaron diferentes niveles de severidad. La escala se determinó con los siguientes valores de severidad: 1 %, 2,1 %, 4,5 %, 9,1 %, 17,8 %, 31,7 % y 50 %. La validación de la escala propuesta se realizó con base en cincuenta hojas de cebada con diferentes niveles de severidad de mancha en red, distribuidas a veinte evaluadores sin experiencia en la estimación de daños de esta enfermedad. Se procedió a su validación al evaluar la severidad de las hojas primero sin escala y después con la escala propuesta. Los análisis estadísticos se relizaron a través de una prueba de t y regresión lineal simple. Resultados. El uso de la escala mejoró la valoración de la severidad en hojas con mancha en red, debido a que en promedio la pendiente de la regresión de la mayoría de los evaluadores aumentó en un 15 % cuando utilizaron la escala visual para evaluar la enfermedad. Conclusión. Se logró desarrollar una escala para evaluar la severidad de la mancha en red en hojas de cebada.

(1) The complexity of diabetes and diabetic wound healing remains a therapeutic challenge because proper and systematic wound care and management are essential to prevent chronic microbial infection and mechanical damage to the skin. Marantodes pumilum, locally known as ‘Kacip Fatimah’, is an herb that has been previously reported to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive and antipyretic properties. The current study aims to assess the antioxidant and fibroblast cell migration activities of the fractions eluded from the dichloromethane extract of M. pumilum leaves. (2) The total antioxidant capacity of M. pumilum was assessed using the total proanthocyanidins and phosphomolybdenum assays, while DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide free radical scavenging assays were tested to determine the antioxidant potential of M. pumilum. An in vitro scratch wound assay was performed to measure the fibroblast cell migration rate using normal and insulin-resistant human dermal fibroblast cells. (3) All M. pumilum fractions exhibited good antioxidant and fibroblast cell migration activity, among which fractions A and E displayed the greatest effect. (4) M. pumilum’s fibroblast migration activity could be attributed to its strong antioxidant properties along with its previously reported properties.

Physical exercise has been established as an intervention in the integral approach for the physical, functional, and social health of older adults. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a high-intensity functional training (HIFT) program on the physical condition and functional capacity of an elderly Colombian population with mild cognitive impairment. This research corresponds to a blind randomized controlled clinical trial. A total of 169 men and women aged over 65 years were evaluated and distributed in two groups: the experimental group that received a 12-week HIFT intervention (n = 82) and the control group (n = 87) that received general recommendations on the benefits of physical exercise. The outcome variables included physical condition, assessed using the Senior Fitness battery (SNB); Fried’s frailty phenotype was applied, and gait and balance were assessed using the Tinetti scale. For the functional variables, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and advanced activities of daily living were evaluated. All variables were measured pre- and post-intervention. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the IG for gait stability and balance (p < 0.001), as well as for independence in activities of daily living (p = 0.003), and instrumental and advanced activities (p < 0.001). Likewise, greater functionality was found when assessed with the SNB (p < 0.001), except for upper limb strength. The frailty classification did not show changes post-intervention (p = 0.170) nor in the group x time interaction. MANCOVA analysis showed that regardless of gender, health level, age, BMI, cognition, and health level, the HIFT intervention produced better results in functional capacity, balance, and gait (F = 0.173, p < 0.001, Wilks’ λ = 88.231).

Human doublecortin (DCX) mutations are associated with severe brain malformations leading to aberrant neuron positioning (heterotopia), intellectual disability and epilepsy. DCX is a microtubule-associated protein which plays a key role during neurodevelopment in neuronal migration and differentiation. Dcx knockout (KO) mice show disorganized hippocampal pyramidal neurons. The CA2/CA3 pyramidal cell layer is present as two abnormal layers and disorganized CA3 KO pyramidal neurons are also more excitable than wild-type (WT) cells. To further identify abnormalities, we characterized Dcx KO hippocampal neurons at subcellular, molecular and ultrastructural levels. Severe defects were observed in mitochondria, affecting number and distribution. Also, the Golgi apparatus was visibly abnormal, increased in volume and abnormally organized. Transcriptome analyses from laser microdissected hippocampal tissue at postnatal day 60 (P60) highlighted organelle abnormalities. Ultrastructural studies of CA3 cells performed in P60 (young adult) and > 9 months (mature) tissue showed that organelle defects are persistent throughout life. Locomotor activity and fear memory of young and mature adults were also abnormal: Dcx KO mice consistently performed less well than WT littermates, with defects becoming more severe with age. Thus, we show that disruption of a neurodevelopmentally-regulated gene can lead to permanent organelle anomalies contributing to abnormal adult behavior.