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1. Identification of host dependency factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication organelle formation through proteomics and ultrastructural analysis.

Author

Lavacca, Teresa-Maria, Goellner, Sarah, Neufeldt, Christopher, Prasad, Vibhu, Cerikan, Berati, Rajasekharan, Sreejith, Mizzon, Giulia, Haselmann, Uta, Funaya, Charlotta, Scaturro, Pietro, Cortese, Mirko, Bartenschlager, Ralf, and Pahmeier, Felix

Subjects
coronavirus, double-membrane vesicle, host-pathogen interactions, Humans, COVID-19, Organelles, Proteomics, SARS-CoV-2, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Virus Replication
Abstract

Remodeling of the cellular endomembrane system by viruses allows for efficient and coordinated replication of the viral genome in distinct subcellular compartments termed replication organelles. As a critical step in the viral life cycle, replication organelle formation is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention, but factors central to this process are only partially understood. In this study, we corroborate that two viral proteins, nsp3 and nsp4, are the major drivers of membrane remodeling in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We further report a number of host cell factors interacting with these viral proteins and supporting the viral replication cycle, some of them by contributing to the formation of the SARS-CoV-2 replication organelle.

Published
2023

2. Absence of IL-6 Receptor Blockade Effect on the Outcomes of Transplant Glomerulopathy in the Absence of Anti-HLA Donor-specific Antibodies

Author

Alberto Mella, MD, PhD, Antonio Lavacca, MD, Diana Teodora Dodoi, MD, Roberto Presta, MD, Fabrizio Fop, MSc, Marco Campagna, MD, Ana Maria Manzione, MD, Caterina Dolla, MD, PhD, Ester Gallo, MD, Isabella Abbasciano, MD, Chiara Gai, PhD, Giovanni Camussi, MD, Antonella Barreca, MD, PhD, Cristiana Caorsi, PhD, Gloria Giovinazzo, MD, and Luigi Biancone, MD, PhD

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background. Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) is the hallmark of chronic antibody-mediated rejection but often occurs without anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) in the assumption that other DSAs may be the effectors of the tissue injury. Recently, we reported a positive effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor blocker tocilizumab (TCZ) in TG/DSA+. In the present study, we investigate the effect of TCZ in a cohort of TG cases without detectable anti-HLA DSAs. Methods. Single-center retrospective analysis of TG cases without anti-HLA DSAs (TG/DSA) treated with TCZ for chronic antibody-mediated rejection as first-line therapy evaluated through clinical, protocol biopsies, and gene expression analyses was included. Results. Differently from TG/DSA+, TG/DSA– showed a progressive reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate at 12 mo and after that with no significant modification in microvascular inflammation or C4d+. No upregulation in tight junction protein-1, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase, documented in TG/DSA+, was noted in post-TCZ biopsies. The reduction of microvascular inflammation was associated with natural killer-cell reduction in TG/DSA+, whereas TG/DSA– tends to maintain or increase periglomerular/interstitial infiltration. Conclusions. In the absence of anti-HLA DSAs, TG behavior seems not to be modified by IL-6 receptor blockade. These results are at variance with observational studies and previous trials with IL-6 inhibitors in TG associated with anti-HLA DSAs. These data may fuel the hypothesis of different mechanisms underlying TGs (including the potentially different roles of natural killer cells) and suggest carefully selecting patients with TG for clinical trials or off-label treatment based on their antidonor serologic status.

Published
2024
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3. Proposal and Investigation of a Lite Time Sensitive Networking Solution for the Support of Real Time Services in Space Launcher Networks

Author

Tiziana Fiori, Francesco Giacinto Lavacca, Francesco Valente, and Vincenzo Eramo

Subjects
Time sensitive networking, TTEthernet, FTTE, scheduling optimization, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Most launcher networks are based on proprietary buses such as MIL-STD-1553B whose low bandwidth limits the introduction of new services of suitable characteristics. Ethernet technology, because of its low cost and high performance, has been considered an excellent candidate for its use in launcher networks. The real time Ethernet solutions based on the Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards seem the most suitable because of its multi-vendor product characteristics. In this paper we propose a real time Ethernet solution for aerospace applications in which negligible jitter services has to be guaranteed. The proposed solution is based on the following TSN standards: IEEE 802.1AS/ASrev as synchronization protocol and 802.1Qbv-2015 for deterministic traffic scheduling. To improve both the bandwidth effective and the frame delay the solution is also based on a change in the management of the Priority Code Point field in IEEE 802.1Q standard. The optimal scheduling problem is formulated so as to minimize the makespan, defined as the time needed to deliver all of the messages of an elementary cycle. The problem has been resolved with the CPLEX solver and the proposed solution has been evaluated in terms of both delay and bandwidth effective by comparing its performance with the TTEthernet, FTTEthernet benchmark solutions. The obtained results in a real traffic scenario characterized by the set of messages of the VEGA launcher show how the proposed solution allows for the same performance of TTEthernet, i.e., the solution of proprietary and real-time Ethernet with better performance.

Published
2024
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7. Zika virus prM protein contains cholesterol binding motifs required for virus entry and assembly

Author

Sarah Goellner, Giray Enkavi, Vibhu Prasad, Solène Denolly, Sungmin Eu, Giulia Mizzon, Leander Witte, Waldemar Kulig, Zina M. Uckeley, Teresa M. Lavacca, Uta Haselmann, Pierre-Yves Lozach, Britta Brügger, Ilpo Vattulainen, and Ralf Bartenschlager

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract For successful infection of host cells and virion production, enveloped viruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV), extensively rely on cellular lipids. However, how virus protein–lipid interactions contribute to the viral life cycle remains unclear. Here, we employ a chemo-proteomics approach with a bifunctional cholesterol probe and show that cholesterol is closely associated with the ZIKV structural protein prM. Bioinformatic analyses, reverse genetics alongside with photoaffinity labeling assays, and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations identified two functional cholesterol binding motifs within the prM transmembrane domain. Loss of prM–cholesterol association has a bipartite effect reducing ZIKV entry and leading to assembly defects. We propose a model in which membrane-resident M facilitates cholesterol-supported lipid exchange during endosomal entry and, together with cholesterol, creates a platform promoting virion assembly. In summary, we identify a bifunctional role of prM in the ZIKV life cycle by mediating viral entry and virus assembly in a cholesterol-dependent manner.

Published
2023
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8. Two-loop non-planar master integrals for top-pair production in the quark-annihilation channel

Author

Becchetti, Matteo, Bonciani, Roberto, Casconi, Valerio, Ferroglia, Andrea, Lavacca, Simone, and von Manteuffel, Andreas

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present the analytic computation of the master integrals associated to certain two-loop non-planar topologies, which are needed to complete the evaluation of the last two color coefficients for the top-pair production in the quark-annihilation channel, which are not yet known analytically. The master integrals have been computed exploiting the differential equations method in canonical form. The solution is given as a series expansion in the dimensional regularization parameter through to weight four, the expansion coefficients are given in terms of multiple polylogarithms., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, talk given at RADCOR2019, based on arXiv:1904.10834

Published
2019

9. Master Integrals for the two-loop, non-planar QCD corrections to top-quark pair production in the quark-annihilation channel

Author

Becchetti, Matteo, Bonciani, Roberto, Casconi, Valerio, Ferroglia, Andrea, Lavacca, Simone, and von Manteuffel, Andreas

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present the analytic calculation of the Master Integrals for the two-loop, non-planar topologies that enter the calculation of the amplitude for top-quark pair hadroproduction in the quark-annihilation channel. Using the method of differential equations, we expand the integrals in powers of the dimensional regulator $\epsilon$ and determine the expansion coefficients in terms of generalized harmonic polylogarithms of two dimensionless variables through to weight four., Comment: 28 pages, 2 figures, ancillary files included

Published
2019
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10. Optical Technologies Supporting 5G/6G Mobile Networks.

Author

Zakrzewski, Zbigniew, Głąbowski, Mariusz, Zwierzykowski, Piotr, Eramo, Vincenzo, and Lavacca, Francesco Giacinto

Subjects
RADIO access networks, OPTICAL transport networks, OPTICAL fiber networks, COMPUTER network traffic, WIRELESS communications, WAVELENGTH division multiplexing, OPTICAL communications
Abstract

The article discusses the importance of optical and photonic technologies in supporting 5G and future 6G mobile networks. These advanced technologies are necessary for the construction and implementation of these networks, particularly in the core networks, backhaul, midhaul, and fronthaul components. Optical technologies such as DWDM, CWDM, OTN, EON, and PON are used in these networks, and Li-Fi optical wireless connectivity is also expected to be utilized in 6G networks. The article highlights the need for efficient management of optical resources and the potential use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in optimizing future optical networks. The article also provides a summary of five contributions in the field of optics and photonics for telecommunications systems, including research on passive optical networks, advanced optical modulations, optical path analysis, and software management for optical converters. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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11. Cross-species analysis of viral nucleic acid interacting proteins identifies TAOKs as innate immune regulators

Author

Friederike L. Pennemann, Assel Mussabekova, Christian Urban, Alexey Stukalov, Line Lykke Andersen, Vincent Grass, Teresa Maria Lavacca, Cathleen Holze, Lila Oubraham, Yasmine Benamrouche, Enrico Girardi, Rasha E. Boulos, Rune Hartmann, Giulio Superti-Furga, Matthias Habjan, Jean-Luc Imler, Carine Meignin, and Andreas Pichlmair

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Whether there are conserved nucleic acid (NA) binding proteins across species is not fully known. Using data from human, mouse and fly, the authors identify common binders, implicate TAOKs and show that these kinases bind NAs across species and promote virus defence in mammalian cells.

Published
2021
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12. Attenuation of SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and associated inflammation by concomitant targeting of viral and host cap 2'‐O‐ribose methyltransferases

Author

Bergant, Valter, Yamada, Shintaro, Grass, Vincent, Tsukamoto, Yuta, Lavacca, Teresa, Krey, Karsten, Mühlhofer, Maria‐Teresa, Wittmann, Sabine, Ensser, Armin, Herrmann, Alexandra, vom Hemdt, Anja, Tomita, Yuriko, Matsuyama, Shutoku, Hirokawa, Takatsugu, Huang, Yiqi, Piras, Antonio, Jakwerth, Constanze A, Oelsner, Madlen, Thieme, Susanne, Graf, Alexander, Krebs, Stefan, Blum, Helmut, Kümmerer, Beate M, Stukalov, Alexey, Schmidt‐Weber, Carsten B, Igarashi, Manabu, Gramberg, Thomas, Pichlmair, Andreas, and Kato, Hiroki

Published
2022
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13. Acute Transient Hyperglycemia After Steroid Induction at Transplant Strongly Predicts New-Onset Diabetes and Recurrence of Diabetic Nephropathy

Author

Zizzi, Carlotta Federica, primary, Dolla, Caterina, additional, Fop, Fabrizio, additional, Mella, Alberto, additional, Sandrone, Michela, additional, Ghigo, Ezio, additional, Bertaina, Silvana, additional, Broglio, Fabio, additional, Gallo, Ester, additional, Barreca, Antonella, additional, Beccuti, Guglielmo, additional, Veglio, Franco, additional, Milan, Alberto, additional, Lavacca, Antonio, additional, Giraudi, Roberta, additional, and Biancone, Luigi, additional

Published
2024
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14. Clinical outcomes and temporal trends of immunological and non-immunological rare diseases in adult kidney transplant

Author

Ester Gallo, Silvia Mingozzi, Alberto Mella, Fabrizio Fop, Roberto Presta, Manuel Burdese, Elena Boaglio, Maria Cristina Torazza, Roberta Giraudi, Gianluca Leonardi, Antonio Lavacca, Paolo Gontero, Omidreza Sedigh, Andrea Bosio, Aldo Verri, Caterina Dolla, and Luigi Biancone

Subjects
Rare diseases, Kidney transplantation, Genetic renal diseases, Survival, Primary glomerulonephritis, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Abstract Background Rare diseases (RDs) encompass many difficult-to-treat conditions with different characteristics often associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, data about transplant outcomes in adult patients are still lacking and limited to case reports/case series without differentiation between immunological/non-immunological RDs. Methods Retrospective analysis among all adult kidney transplanted patients (KTs) with RDs (RDsKT group) performed in our high-volume transplantation center between 2005 and 2016. RDs were classified according to the Orphanet code system differentiating between immunological and non-immunological diseases, also comparing clinical outcomes and temporal trends to a control population without RDs (nRDsKT). Results Among 1381 KTs, 350 patients (25.3%) were affected by RDs (RDsKTs). During a f/up > 5 years [median 7.9 years (4.8–11.1)], kidney function and graft/patient survival did not differ from nRDsKTs. Considering all post-transplant complications, RDsKTs (including, by definition, patients with primary glomerulopathy except on IgA nephropathy) have more recurrent and de-novo glomerulonephritis (14.6% vs. 9.6% in nRDsKTs; p = 0.05), similar rates of de-novo cancers, post-transplant diabetes, dysmetabolism, hematologic disorders, urologic/vascular problems, and lower infectious episodes than nRDsKTs (63.7% vs 72.7%; p = 0.013). Additional stratification for immunological and non-immunological RDsKTs or transplantation periods (before/after 2010) showed no differences or temporal trends between groups. Conclusions Kidney transplant centers are deeply involved in RDs management. Despite their high-complex profile, both immunological and non-immunological RDsKTs experienced favorable patients’ and graft survival.

Published
2021
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15. Multilevel proteomics reveals host perturbations by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV

Author

Stukalov, Alexey, Girault, Virginie, Grass, Vincent, Karayel, Ozge, Bergant, Valter, Urban, Christian, Haas, Darya A., Huang, Yiqi, Oubraham, Lila, Wang, Anqi, Hamad, M. Sabri, Piras, Antonio, Hansen, Fynn M., Tanzer, Maria C., Paron, Igor, Zinzula, Luca, Engleitner, Thomas, Reinecke, Maria, Lavacca, Teresa M., and Ehmann, Rosina

Subjects
Proteomics, Host-virus relationships -- Observations, Lungs -- Physiological aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The emergence and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the urgent need for an in-depth understanding of molecular functions of viral proteins and their interactions with the host proteome. Several individual omics studies have extended our knowledge of COVID-19 pathophysiology.sup.1-10. Integration of such datasets to obtain a holistic view of virus-host interactions and to define the pathogenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 is limited by the heterogeneity of the experimental systems. Here we report a concurrent multi-omics study of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Using state-of-the-art proteomics, we profiled the interactomes of both viruses, as well as their influence on the transcriptome, proteome, ubiquitinome and phosphoproteome of a lung-derived human cell line. Projecting these data onto the global network of cellular interactions revealed crosstalk between the perturbations taking place upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV at different levels and enabled identification of distinct and common molecular mechanisms of these closely related coronaviruses. The TGF-[beta] pathway, known for its involvement in tissue fibrosis, was specifically dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 and autophagy was specifically dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2 ORF3. The extensive dataset (available at https://covinet.innatelab.org) highlights many hotspots that could be targeted by existing drugs and may be used to guide rational design of virus- and host-directed therapies, which we exemplify by identifying inhibitors of kinases and matrix metalloproteases with potent antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2. Multi-omics profiling of effects of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV on A549, a lung-derived human cell line, produces a dataset enabling identification of common and virus-specific mechanisms of infection., Author(s): Alexey Stukalov [sup.1] , Virginie Girault [sup.1] , Vincent Grass [sup.1] , Ozge Karayel [sup.2] , Valter Bergant [sup.1] , Christian Urban [sup.1] , Darya A. Haas [sup.1] , [...]

Published
2021
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16. Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on kidney transplant rates and clinical outcomes among waitlisted candidates in a single center European experience

Author

Caterina Dolla, Erika Naso, Alberto Mella, Anna Allesina, Roberta Giraudi, Maria Cristina Torazza, Silvia Bruna Vanzino, Ester Gallo, Antonio Lavacca, Fabrizio Fop, and Luigi Biancone

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Despite type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is commonly considered a detrimental factor in dialysis, its clear effect on morbidity and mortality on waitlisted patients for kidney transplant (KT) has never been completely elucidated. We performed a retrospective analysis on 714 patients admitted to wait-list (WL) for their first kidney transplant from 2005 to 2010. Clinical characteristics at registration in WL (age, body mass index -BMI-, duration and modality of dialysis, underlying nephropathy, coronary artery -CAD- and/or peripheral vascular disease), mortality rates, and effective time on WL were investigated and compared according to T2D status (presence/absence). Data about therapy and management of T2D were also considered. At the time of WL registration T2D patients (n = 86) were older than non-T2D (n = 628) (58.7 ± 8.6 years vs 51.3 ± 12.9) with higher BMI (26.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2 vs 23.8 ± 3.6), more frequent history of CAD (33.3% vs 9.8%) and peripheral vascular disease (25.3% vs 5.8%) (p

Published
2020
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17. Reconfiguration of Optical-NFV Network Architectures Based on Cloud Resource Allocation and QoS Degradation Cost-Aware Prediction Techniques

Author

Vincenzo Eramo, Francesco Giacinto Lavacca, Tiziana Catena, and Flavio Di Giorgio

Subjects
Network function virtualization, computing resources, bandwidth resources, elastic optical networks, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The high time required for the deployment of cloud resources in Network Function Virtualization network architectures has led to the proposal and investigation of algorithms for predicting traffic or the necessary processing and memory resources. However, it is well known that whatever approach is taken, a prediction error is inevitable. Two types of prediction errors can occur that have a different impact on the increase in network operational costs. In case the predicted values are higher than the real ones, the resource allocation algorithms will allocate more resources than necessary with the consequent introduction of an over-provisioning cost. Conversely, when the predicted values are lower than the real values, the allocation of fewer resources will lead to a degradation of QoS and the introduction of an under-provisioning cost. When over-provisioning and under-provisioning costs are different, most of the prediction algorithms proposed in the literature are not adequate because they are based on minimizing the mean square error or symmetric cost functions. For this reason we propose and investigate a forecasting methodology in which it is introduced an asymmetric cost function capable of weighing the costs of over-provisioning and under-provisioning differently. We have applied the proposed forecasting methodology for resource allocation in a Network Function Virtualization architectures where the Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure Point-of-Presences are interconnected by an elastic optical network. We have verified a cost savings of 40% compared to solutions that provide a minimization of the mean square error.

Published
2020
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18. Relationship between Cytomegalovirus Viremia and Long-Term Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Different Donor Ages

Author

Davide Diena, Anna Allesina, Fabrizio Fop, Alberto Mella, Rossana Cavallo, Cristina Costa, Caterina Dolla, Ester Gallo, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Antonio Lavacca, Roberta Giraudi, Filippo Mariano, and Luigi Biancone

Subjects
cytomegalovirus, renal transplantation, long-term outcomes, risk factors, donor age, cumulative incidence function, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Objectives: To explore the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) burden on the long-term post-transplant course in different donor ages, we evaluated the incidence and risk factors for CMV in our kidney-transplanted patients (KTs) with extensive adoption of expanded-criteria donors (ECDs). Methods: Retrospective evaluation of 929 consecutive first KTs (49.5% receiving an organ from a donor ≥ 60 years) performed between 01-2003 and 12-2013. Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier curves; cumulative incidence function was additionally analyzed to consider the potential role of death with a functioning graft as a competitive event with graft dysfunction and to avoid overestimation. Apart from regular DNAemia monitoring in all patients, prophylaxis was adopted in high-risk groups (D+/R− or recipients of anti-thymocyte globulin induction), with pre-emptive therapy in the remaining groups. Results: CMV incidence was 19.5% (4–34.9% according to serostatus combination: D−/R−, D−/R+, D+/R+, D+/R−). Donor and recipient age, recipient pre-transplant hypertension, DR antigen compatibility, cold ischemia time, and post-transplant early complications, including rejection, urologic and renal artery stenosis, and lower renal function and proteinuria ≥ 0.5 g/day at one year after KT were associated with CMV. CMV determined lower death-censored graft survival (DCGS) (p < 0.01), with a prominent effect in R+ (p < 0.01) and without impact in R− (p = 0.32 in D−/R− and p = 0.006 in D+/R−). Interestingly, CMV occurrence influenced DCGS only in KTs who received grafts from donors < 50 or 50–69 years old (p < 0.01), while it was not significant with older donors (p = 0.07). The analysis of the cumulative incidence of graft loss accounting for death as a competing risk confirmed all these findings. In multivariate analysis, CMV replication/disease in the first year was an independent predictor for DCGS (HR 1.73 [1.3–2.3]). Conclusions: In a large population with extensive ECD adoption, CMV viremia in the first year demonstrates its harmful effect with an independent role for graft loss and significant impact among R+ recipients and KTs with donors < 70 years.

Published
2023
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19. Cross-species analysis of viral nucleic acid interacting proteins identifies TAOKs as innate immune regulators

Author

Pennemann, Friederike L., Mussabekova, Assel, Urban, Christian, Stukalov, Alexey, Andersen, Line Lykke, Grass, Vincent, Lavacca, Teresa Maria, Holze, Cathleen, Oubraham, Lila, Benamrouche, Yasmine, Girardi, Enrico, Boulos, Rasha E., Hartmann, Rune, Superti-Furga, Giulio, Habjan, Matthias, Imler, Jean-Luc, Meignin, Carine, and Pichlmair, Andreas

Published
2021
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21. Identification of host dependency factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication organelle formation through proteomics and ultrastructural analysis

Author

Pahmeier, Felix, primary, Lavacca, Teresa-Maria, additional, Goellner, Sarah, additional, Neufeldt, Christopher J., additional, Prasad, Vibhu, additional, Cerikan, Berati, additional, Rajasekharan, Sreejith, additional, Mizzon, Giulia, additional, Haselmann, Uta, additional, Funaya, Charlotta, additional, Scaturro, Pietro, additional, Cortese, Mirko, additional, and Bartenschlager, Ralf, additional

Published
2023
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22. Master Integrals for the two-loop, non-planar QCD corrections to top-quark pair production in the quark-annihilation channel

Author

Matteo Becchetti, Roberto Bonciani, Valerio Casconi, Andrea Ferroglia, Simone Lavacca, and Andreas von Manteuffel

Subjects
Perturbative QCD, Heavy Quark Physics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We present the analytic calculation of the Master Integrals for the twoloop, non-planar topologies that enter the calculation of the amplitude for top-quark pair hadroproduction in the quark-annihilation channel. Using the method of differential equations, we expand the integrals in powers of the dimensional regulator ϵ and determine the expansion coefficients in terms of generalized harmonic polylogarithms of two dimensionless variables through to weight four.

Published
2019
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23. Optimizing the Cloud Resources, Bandwidth and Deployment Costs in Multi-Providers Network Function Virtualization Environment

Author

Vincenzo Eramo and Francesco Giacinto Lavacca

Subjects
Network function virtualization, cloud infrastructure, short-term virtual machine, Viterbi algorithm, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The introduction of network function virtualization (NFV) leads to a new business model in which the Telecommunication Service Provider needs to rent cloud resources to infrastructure provider (InP) at prices as low as possible. Lowest prices can be achieved if the cloud resources can be rented in advance by allocating long-term virtual machines (VM). This is in contrast with the short-term VMs that are rented on demand and have higher costs. For this reason, we propose a proactive solution in which the cloud resource rent is planned in advance based on peak traffic knowledge. We illustrate the problem of determining the cloud resources in cloud infrastructures managed by different InPs and so as to minimize the sum of cloud resource, bandwidth and deployment costs. We formulate an integer linear problem (ILP) and due to its complexity, we introduce an efficient heuristic approach allowing for a remarkable computational complexity reduction. We compare our solution to a reactive solution in which the cloud resources are rented on demand and dimensioned according to the current traffic. Though the proposed proactive solution needs more cloud and bandwidth resources due to its peak allocation, its total resources cost may be lower than the one achieved when a reactive solution is applied. That is a consequence of the higher cost of short-term VMs. For instance, when a reactive solution is applied with traffic variation times of ten minutes, our proactive solution allows for lower total costs when the long-term VM rent is lower than the short-term VM one by 33%.

Published
2019
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26. Prevention of acute rejection after rescue with Belatacept by association of low-dose Tacrolimus maintenance in medically complex kidney transplant recipients with early or late graft dysfunction.

Author

Ester Gallo, Isabella Abbasciano, Silvia Mingozzi, Antonio Lavacca, Roberto Presta, Stefania Bruno, Ilaria Deambrosis, Antonella Barreca, Renato Romagnoli, Alberto Mella, Fabrizio Fop, and Luigi Biancone

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BackgroundIncreased acute rejection risk in rescue protocols with Belatacept may limit its use particularly in medically complex patients where preexisting increased risk of rejection couples with CNI toxicity.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed in 19 KTs shifted to a Belatacept-based immunosuppression with low-dose Tacrolimus (2-3 ng/mL) after evidence of allograft disfunction, including patients with primary non-function (PNF), chronic-active antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR), history of previous KTs and/or other concomitant transplants (liver, pancreas). Evaluation of CD28+ CD4+ effector memory T cell (TEM) before conversion was performed in 10/19.ResultsKidney function significantly improved (median eGFR 16.5 ml/min/1.73m2 before vs 25 ml/min after; p = 0.001) at a median time after conversion of 12.5 months (9.1-17.8). Overall graft and patient survival were 89.5% and 100% respectively. Definitive weaning from dialysis in 5/5 KTs with PNF was observed, whereas 7/8 patients lost their graft within first year in a control group. eGFR significantly ameliorated in re-trasplants (p = 0.001) and stabilized in KTs with other organ transplants or cAMR. No acute rejection episodes occurred, despite the significant risk suggested by high frequency of CD28+ CD4+ TEM in most patients. Opportunistic infections were limited and most common in early vs late-converted.ConclusionsRescue association of Belatacept with low-dose Tacrolimus in medically complex KTs is a feasible option that allows prevention of acute rejection and amelioration of graft function.

Published
2020
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27. Proposal and Investigation of a Convolutional and LSTM Neural Network for the Cost-Aware Resource Prediction in Softwarized Networks

Author

Vincenzo Eramo, Francesco Valente, Tiziana Catena, and Francesco Giacinto Lavacca

Subjects
Network Function Virtualization, computing resources, machine learning, long short term memory, convolutional network, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

Resource prediction algorithms have been recently proposed in Network Function Virtualization architectures. A prediction-based resource allocation is characterized by higher operation costs due to: (i) Resource underestimate that leads to quality of service degradation; (ii) used cloud resource over allocation when a resource overestimate occurs. To reduce such a cost, we propose a cost-aware prediction algorithm able to minimize the sum of the two cost components. The proposed prediction solution is based on a convolutional and Long Short Term Memory neural network to handle the spatial and temporal correlations of the need processing capacities. We compare in a real network and traffic scenario the proposed technique to a traditional one in which the aim is to exactly predict the needed processing capacity. We show how the proposed solution allows for cost advantages in the order of 20%.

Published
2021
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28. Joint energy efficiency and load balancing optimization in hybrid IP/SDN networks

Author

Jaime Galán-Jiménez, Marco Polverini, Francesco G. Lavacca, Juan Luis Herrera, and Javier Berrocal

Subjects
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a paradigm that provides flexibility and programmability to computer networks. By introducing SDN nodes in a legacy IP network topology, network operators can benefit on higher control over the infrastructure. However, this migration is not a fast or straightforward process. Furthermore, to provide an adequate quality of service in hybrid IP/SDN networks, the coordination of both IP and SDN paradigm is fundamental. In this paper, this coordination is used to solve two optimization problems that are typically solved separately: (i) traffic load balancing and (ii) power consumption minimization. Each of these problems has opposing objectives, and thus, their joint consideration implies striking a balance between them. Therefore, this paper proposes the Hybrid Spreading Load Algorithm (HSLA) heuristic that jointly faces the problems of balancing traffic by minimizing link utilization and network’s power consumption in a hybrid IP/SDN network. HSLA is evaluated over differently sized topologies using different methods to select which nodes are migrated from IP to SDN. These evaluations reveal that alternative approaches that only address one of the objectives are outperformed by HSLA.

Published
2022

29. Migration Energy Aware Reconfigurations of Virtual Network Function Instances in NFV Architectures

Author

Vincenzo Eramo, Mostafa Ammar, and Francesco Giacinto Lavacca

Subjects
Network function virtualization, migration policy, power consumption, Viterbi algorithm, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Network function virtualization (NFV) is a new network architecture framework that implements network functions in software running on a pool of shared commodity servers. NFV can provide the infrastructure flexibility and agility needed to successfully compete in today's evolving communications landscape. Any service is represented by a service function chain (SFC) that is a set of VNFs to be executed according to a given order. The running of VNFs needs the instantiation of VNF instances (VNFIs) that are software modules executed on virtual machines. This paper deals with the migration problem of the VNFIs needed in the low traffic periods to turn OFF servers and consequently to save energy consumption. Though the consolidation allows for energy saving, it has also negative effects as the quality of service degradation or the energy consumption needed for moving the memories associated to the VNFI to be migrated. We focus on cold migration in which virtual machines are redundant and suspended before performing migration. We propose a migration policy that determines when and where to migrate VNFI in response to changes to SFC request intensity. The objective is to minimize the total energy consumption given by the sum of the consolidation and migration energies. We formulate the energy aware VNFI migration problem and after proving that it is NP-hard, we propose a heuristic based on the Viterbi algorithm able to determine the migration policy with low computational complexity. The results obtained by the proposed heuristic show how the introduced policy allows for a reduction of the migration energy and consequently lower total energy consumption with respect to the traditional policies. The energy saving can be on the order of 40% with respect to a policy in which migration is not performed.

Published
2017
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30. Relationship between Cytomegalovirus Viremia and Long-Term Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Different Donor Ages

Author

Diena, Davide, primary, Allesina, Anna, additional, Fop, Fabrizio, additional, Mella, Alberto, additional, Cavallo, Rossana, additional, Costa, Cristina, additional, Dolla, Caterina, additional, Gallo, Ester, additional, De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe, additional, Lavacca, Antonio, additional, Giraudi, Roberta, additional, Mariano, Filippo, additional, and Biancone, Luigi, additional

Published
2023
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31. Trade-Off Between Power and Bandwidth Consumption in a Reconfigurable Xhaul Network Architecture

Author

Vincenzo Eramo, Marco Listanti, Francesco Giacinto Lavacca, Paola Iovanna, Giulio Bottari, and Filippo Ponzini

Subjects
Radio access network, common public radio interface, 5G environment, statistical multiplexing gain, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

The increasing number of wireless devices, the high required traffic bandwidth, and power consumption will lead to a revolution of mobile access networks, which is not a simple evolution of traditional ones. Cloud radio access network technologies are seen as promising solution in order to deal with the heavy requirements defined for 5G mobile networks. The introduction of the common public radio interface (CPRI) technology allows for a centralization in BaseBand unit (BBU) of some access functions with advantages in terms of power consumption saving when switching off algorithms are implemented. Unfortunately, the advantages of the CPRI technology are to be paid with an increase in required bandwidth to carry the traffic between the BBU and the radio remote unit (RRU), in which only the radio functions are implemented. For this reason, a tradeoff solution between power and bandwidth consumption is proposed and evaluated. The proposed solution consists of: 1) handling the traffic generated by the users through both RRU and traditional radio base stations (RBS) and 2) carrying the traffic generated by the RRU and RBS (CPRI and Ethernet flows) with a reconfigurable network. The proposed solution is investigated under the lognormal spatial traffic distribution assumption. After proposing resource dimensioning analytical models validated by simulation, we show how the sum of the bandwidth and power consumption may be minimized with the deployment of a given percentage of RRU. For instance we show how in 5G traffic scenarios this percentage can vary from 30% to 50% according to total traffic amount handled by a switching node of the reconfigurable network.

Published
2016
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32. Proposal and Investigation of an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Cloud Resource Allocation Algorithm in Network Function Virtualization Architectures

Author

Vincenzo Eramo, Francesco Giacinto Lavacca, Tiziana Catena, and Paul Jaime Perez Salazar

Subjects
network function virtualization, computing resources, machine learning, long short term memory, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

The high time needed to reconfigure cloud resources in Network Function Virtualization network environments has led to the proposal of solutions in which a prediction based-resource allocation is performed. All of them are based on traffic or needed resource prediction with the minimization of symmetric loss functions like Mean Squared Error. When inevitable prediction errors are made, the prediction methodologies are not able to differently weigh positive and negative prediction errors that could impact the total network cost. In fact if the predicted traffic is higher than the real one then an over allocation cost, referred to as over-provisioning cost, will be paid by the network operator; conversely, in the opposite case, Quality of Service degradation cost, referred to as under-provisioning cost, will be due to compensate the users because of the resource under allocation. In this paper we propose and investigate a resource allocation strategy based on a Long Short Term Memory algorithm in which the training operation is based on the minimization of an asymmetric cost function that differently weighs the positive and negative prediction errors and the corresponding over-provisioning and under-provisioning costs. In a typical traffic and network scenario, the proposed solution allows for a cost saving by 30% with respect to the case of solution with symmetric cost function.

Published
2020
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33. Performance Evaluation of 5G Access Technologies and SDN Transport Network on an NS3 Simulator

Author

Francesco G. Lavacca, Pierpaolo Salvo, Ludovico Ferranti, Andrea Speranza, and Luca Costantini

Subjects
5G, SDN, LTE, vertical slice, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

In this article, we deal with the enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) service class, defined within the new 5G communication paradigm, to evaluate the impact of the transition from 4G to 5G access technology on the Radio Access Network and on the Transport Network. Simulation results are obtained with ns3 and performance analyses are focused on 6 GHz radio scenarios for the Radio Access Network, where an Non-Standalone 5G configuration has been assumed, and on SDN-based scenarios for the Transport Network. Inspired by the 5G Transformer model, we describe and simulate each single element of the three main functional plains of the proposed architecture to aim a preliminary evaluation of the end-to-end system performances.

Published
2020
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34. Clinical outcomes and temporal trends of immunological and non-immunological rare diseases in adult kidney transplant

Author

Aldo Verri, Luigi Biancone, Manuel Burdese, Roberto Presta, Gianluca Leonardi, Omidreza Sedigh, Ester Gallo, Elena Boaglio, Caterina Dolla, Andrea Bosio, Antonio Lavacca, Paolo Gontero, Fabrizio Fop, Alberto Mella, Maria Cristina Torazza, Roberta Giraudi, and Silvia Mingozzi

Subjects
Adult, Male, Nephrology, medicine.medical_specialty, Survival, Renal function, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Disease, Nephropathy, Kidney transplantation, Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors, Glomerulopathy, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Genetic renal diseases, business.industry, Research, Graft Survival, Primary glomerulonephritis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Rare diseases, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, Transplantation, Immune System Diseases, Italy, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Female, RC870-923, business, Immunosuppressive Agents, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background Rare diseases (RDs) encompass many difficult-to-treat conditions with different characteristics often associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, data about transplant outcomes in adult patients are still lacking and limited to case reports/case series without differentiation between immunological/non-immunological RDs. Methods Retrospective analysis among all adult kidney transplanted patients (KTs) with RDs (RDsKT group) performed in our high-volume transplantation center between 2005 and 2016. RDs were classified according to the Orphanet code system differentiating between immunological and non-immunological diseases, also comparing clinical outcomes and temporal trends to a control population without RDs (nRDsKT). Results Among 1381 KTs, 350 patients (25.3%) were affected by RDs (RDsKTs). During a f/up > 5 years [median 7.9 years (4.8–11.1)], kidney function and graft/patient survival did not differ from nRDsKTs. Considering all post-transplant complications, RDsKTs (including, by definition, patients with primary glomerulopathy except on IgA nephropathy) have more recurrent and de-novo glomerulonephritis (14.6% vs. 9.6% in nRDsKTs; p = 0.05), similar rates of de-novo cancers, post-transplant diabetes, dysmetabolism, hematologic disorders, urologic/vascular problems, and lower infectious episodes than nRDsKTs (63.7% vs 72.7%; p = 0.013). Additional stratification for immunological and non-immunological RDsKTs or transplantation periods (before/after 2010) showed no differences or temporal trends between groups. Conclusions Kidney transplant centers are deeply involved in RDs management. Despite their high-complex profile, both immunological and non-immunological RDsKTs experienced favorable patients’ and graft survival.

Published
2021

35. Reinterpretando uma identidade: os grupos folclóricos entre a tradição e a mudança

Author

Quintão, Annalisa Daniela Lavacca, Ribeiro, Rita, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Ciências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais, Etnografia, Folklore groups, Cultural identity, Folclore, Identidade cultural, Ethnography, Cultura popular, Grupos folclóricos, Popular culture, Folklore
Abstract

Tese de doutoramento em Estudos Culturais, O folclore encerra em si história, crenças, sabedoria popular e tradição. É uma cultura de lendas e mitos que diz muito do que é um povo, constituída por usos e costumes transmitidos de geração em geração. Porém, o folclore não se reduz a um conhecimento cristalizado, muito embora se enraíze nos modos de vida dos antepassados, mas vive registando as mudanças inevitáveis que se verificam através do contacto entre culturas distintas, nas migrações, e da influência dos atuais meios de comunicação tecnológica. Parte do trabalho cultural da UNESCO é orientar as comunidades no sentido de bem administrar a sua herança folclórica, sabendo que o progresso e as mudanças que ele provoca podem tanto enriquecer uma cultura como destruí-la para sempre. Com este propósito, o presente trabalho incide sobre a identificação de fatores inerentes à preservação deste património e, ao mesmo tempo, salienta o seu valor enquanto identidade cultural nos contextos histórico e social da atualidade. Numa primeira parte, fundamenta-se o trabalho através das principais formulações teóricas no campo dos Estudos Culturais em geral, da cultura popular musical como parte de uma expressão social, histórica e política de um território e também na sua interação com as outras artes e ciências humanas. A necessidade de uma atenta análise sobre a realidade da música folclórica portuguesa – que observando de forma geral o panorama nacional, tem vindo a manifestar tendências controversas - despertou a vontade de entender como as novas gerações conseguirão salvaguardar os seus valores e manifestações culturais. Na segunda parte, o trabalho apresenta um estudo que pretende entender e, de certa forma, evidenciar, quais os contextos relacionais que determinam a aproximação dos jovens à cultura popular, em particular grupos folclóricos, e quais os discursos que subintendem a resolução desta dificuldade para a garantia de uma salvaguarda desta herança popular. A pesquisa foi realizada - com as limitações determinadas pela pandemia COVID 19 - no concelho de Vila Nova de Famalicão junto de alguns grupos folclóricos locais e através de questionários on-line a alunos do ensino secundário e universitário., Folklore encompasses history, beliefs, popular wisdom and tradition. It is a culture of legends and myths that says a lot about what a people is, constituted by uses and customs transmitted from generation to generation. However, folklore is not reduced to crystallized knowledge, although it is rooted in the ways of life of the ancestors, but lives recording the inevitable changes that occur through contact between different cultures, migrations, and the influence of technological media. Part of UNESCO's cultural work is to guide communities to manage their folk heritage well, knowing that progress and the changes it brings can either enrich a culture or destroy it forever. With this purpose in mind, the present work focused on identifying factors inherent to the preservation of this heritage and, at the same time, highlighting its value as a cultural identity in today's historical and social contexts. In the first part, the work is based through the main theoretical formulations in the field of Cultural Studies in general, musical popular culture as part of a social, historical and political expression of a territory and also in its interaction with other arts and human sciences. The need for an attentive analysis of the reality of Portuguese folk music – which, generally observing the national scene, has been showing controversial trends – aroused the desire to understand how the new generations will manage to perpetuate the safeguarding of their values without repressing obsolete parameters. In the second part, the work presents a study that intends to understand and, in a way, show, which relational contexts determine the approach of young people to popular culture, in particular folklore groups, and which discourses underlie the resolution of this difficulty to the guarantee of a safeguard of this popular heritage. The research was carried out - with its own limitations, determined by the COVID 19 pandemic - in the municipality of Vila Nova de Famalicão with some local folklore groups and through online questionnaires to secondary and university students.

Published
2022

36. Multilevel proteomics reveals host perturbations by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV

Author

Volker Thiel, Ozge Karayel, Fynn M. Hansen, Teresa M. Lavacca, Igor Paron, Anqi Wang, Bernhard Kuster, Roman Wölfel, Antonio Piras, Thomas Enghleitner, Matthias Mann, John Ziebuhr, Valter Bergant, Luca Zinzula, Ulrike Protzer, Alexey Stukalov, Yiqi Huang, Darya A. Haas, Roland Rad, Vincent Grass, Maria Reinecke, Maria C. Tanzer, Virginie Girault, Pietro Scaturro, Jörg Jores, Lila Oubraham, Andreas Pichlmair, M. Sabri Hamad, Rosina Ehmann, and Christian Urban

Subjects
Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, Proteome, viruses, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Datasets as Topic, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Interactome, Viroporin Proteins, Transcriptome, 0302 clinical medicine, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Protein Interaction Maps, Phosphorylation, skin and connective tissue diseases, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, 3. Good health, Crosstalk (biology), Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Identification (biology), Computational biology, Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors, Biology, Antiviral Agents, Virus, Cell Line, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Autophagy, Animals, Humans, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, 030304 developmental biology, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, Ubiquitination, Rational design, COVID-19, Omics, respiratory tract diseases, body regions, 030104 developmental biology, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

SummaryThe global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 urgently requires an in-depth understanding of molecular functions of viral proteins and their interactions with the host proteome. Several individual omics studies have extended our knowledge of COVID-19 pathophysiology1–10. Integration of such datasets to obtain a holistic view of virus-host interactions and to define the pathogenic properties of SARS-CoV-2 is limited by the heterogeneity of the experimental systems. We therefore conducted a concurrent multi-omics study of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Using state-of-the-art proteomics, we profiled the interactome of both viruses, as well as their influence on transcriptome, proteome, ubiquitinome and phosphoproteome in a lung-derived human cell line. Projecting these data onto the global network of cellular interactions revealed crosstalk between the perturbations taking place upon SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infections at different layers and identified unique and common molecular mechanisms of these closely related coronaviruses. The TGF-β pathway, known for its involvement in tissue fibrosis, was specifically dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 and autophagy by SARS-CoV-2 ORF3. The extensive dataset (available at https://covinet.innatelab.org) highlights many hotspots that can be targeted by existing drugs and it can guide rational design of virus- and host-directed therapies, which we exemplify by identifying kinase and MMPs inhibitors with potent antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2021

37. Effectiveness of Segment Routing Technology in Reducing the Bandwidth and Cloud Resources Provisioning Times in Network Function Virtualization Architectures

Author

Vincenzo Eramo, Francesco G. Lavacca, Tiziana Catena, Marco Polverini, and Antonio Cianfrani

Subjects
network function virtualization, scalable orchestrator, segment routing, software defined network, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

Network Function Virtualization is a new technology allowing for a elastic cloud and bandwidth resource allocation. The technology requires an orchestrator whose role is the service and resource orchestration. It receives service requests, each one characterized by a Service Function Chain, which is a set of service functions to be executed according to a given order. It implements an algorithm for deciding where both to allocate the cloud and bandwidth resources and to route the SFCs. In a traditional orchestration algorithm, the orchestrator has a detailed knowledge of the cloud and network infrastructures and that can lead to high computational complexity of the SFC Routing and Cloud and Bandwidth resource Allocation (SRCBA) algorithm. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the effectiveness of a scalable orchestration architecture inherited by the one proposed within the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and based on the functional separation of an NFV orchestrator in Resource Orchestrator (RO) and Network Service Orchestrator (NSO). Each cloud domain is equipped with an RO whose task is to provide a simple and abstract representation of the cloud infrastructure. These representations are notified of the NSO that can apply a simplified and less complex SRCBA algorithm. In addition, we show how the segment routing technology can help to simplify the SFC routing by means of an effective addressing of the service functions. The scalable orchestration solution has been investigated and compared to the one of a traditional orchestrator in some network scenarios and varying the number of cloud domains. We have verified that the execution time of the SRCBA algorithm can be drastically reduced without degrading the performance in terms of cloud and bandwidth resource costs.

Published
2019
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38. Optical Communications and Networking Solutions for the Support of C-RAN in a 5G Environment

Author

Vincenzo Eramo, Marco Listanti, and Francesco Giacinto Lavacca

Subjects
n/a, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The widespread availability of mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones has led to fast-increasing mobile data traffic in the last few years [...]

Published
2019
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39. Simulation and Experimental Evaluation of a Flexible Time Triggered Ethernet Architecture Applied in Satellite Nano/Micro Launchers

Author

Vincenzo Eramo, Francesco G. Lavacca, Francesco Valente, Andrea Pisculli, and Stefano Caporossi

Subjects
nano and micro launch vehicle, flexible time triggered Ethernet, TTEthernet, experimental test-bed, Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics, TL1-4050
Abstract

The success of small satellites has lead to the study of new technologies for the realization of Nano and Micro Launch Vehicle (NMLV) in order to make competitive launch costs. The paper has the objective to define and experimentally investigate the performance of a communication system for NMLV interconnecting the End Systems as On-Board Computer (OBC), telemetry apparatus, Navigation Unit...we propose a low cost Ethernet-based solution able to provide the devices with high interconnection bandwidth. To guarantee hard delays to the Guide, Navigation and Control applications we propose some architectural changes of the traditional Ethernet network with the introduction of a layer implemented in the End Systems and allow for the lack of any contention on the network links. We show how the proposed solution has comparable performance to the one of TTEthernet standard that is a very expensive solution. An experimental test-bed equipped with Ethernet switches and Hercules boards by Texas Instruments is also provided to prove the feasibility of the proposed solution.

Published
2018
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40. Dimensioning Models of Optical WDM Rings in Xhaul Access Architectures for the Transport of Ethernet/CPRI Traffic

Author

Vincenzo Eramo, Marco Listanti, Francesco G. Lavacca, and Paola Iovanna

Subjects
5G, common public rate interface, analytical model, optical networks, dense wavelength, division multiplexing, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN) provides a valid solution to overcome the problem of traditional RAN in scaling up to the needed processing resource and quality expected in 5G. The Common Public Rate Interface has been defined to transport traffic flows in C-RAN and recently some market solutions are available. Its disadvantage is to increase by at least 10 times the needed bandwidth and for this reason its introduction will be gradual and will coexist with traditional RAN solutions in which Ethernet traffic is carried towards the radio base stations. In this paper, we propose an Xhaul optical network architecture based on Optical Transport Network (OTN) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technologies. The network allows for a dynamic allocation of the bandwidth resources according to the current traffic demand. The network topology is composed of OTN/DWDM rings and the objective of the paper is to evaluate the best configuration (number of rings and number of wavelengths needed) to both to minimize the cost and to provide an implementable solution. We introduce an analytical model for the evaluation of the number of wavelengths needed in each optical ring and provide some results for 5G case studies. We show how, although the single ring configuration provides the least cost solution due to the high statistical multiplexing advantage, it is not implementable because it needs switching apparatus with a too high number of ports. For this reason, more than one ring is needed and its value depends on several parameters as the offered traffic, the number of Radio Remote Units (RRU), the percentage of business sub-area and so on. Finally, the analytical model allows us to evaluate the advantages of the proposed dynamic resource allocation solution with respect to the static one in which the network is provided with a number of wavelengths determined in the scenario in which the radio station works at full load. The bandwidth saving can be in the order of 90% in a 5G traffic scenario.

Published
2018
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42. Attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 replication and associated inflammation by concomitant targeting of viral and host cap 2'-O-ribose methyltransferases

Author

Valter Bergant, Shintaro Yamada, Vincent Grass, Yuta Tsukamoto, Teresa Lavacca, Karsten Krey, Maria‐Teresa Mühlhofer, Sabine Wittmann, Armin Ensser, Alexandra Herrmann, Anja vom Hemdt, Yuriko Tomita, Shutoku Matsuyama, Takatsugu Hirokawa, Yiqi Huang, Antonio Piras, Constanze A Jakwerth, Madlen Oelsner, Susanne Thieme, Alexander Graf, Stefan Krebs, Helmut Blum, Beate M Kümmerer, Alexey Stukalov, Carsten B Schmidt‐Weber, Manabu Igarashi, Thomas Gramberg, Andreas Pichlmair, and Hiroki Kato

Subjects
Inflammation, RNA Caps, General Immunology and Microbiology, SARS-CoV-2, Ribose, General Neuroscience, Methyltransferases, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Antiviral Agents, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, ddc, Mice, Animals, RNA, Viral, ddc:610, Molecular Biology, EMBO19, EMBO23, Article, Articles, antivirals, COVID-19, host-directed, methyltransferase
Abstract

The SARS‐CoV‐2 infection cycle is a multistage process that relies on functional interactions between the host and the pathogen. Here, we repurposed antiviral drugs against both viral and host enzymes to pharmaceutically block methylation of the viral RNA 2'‐O‐ribose cap needed for viral immune escape. We find that the host cap 2'‐O‐ribose methyltransferase MTr1 can compensate for loss of viral NSP16 methyltransferase in facilitating virus replication. Concomitant inhibition of MTr1 and NSP16 efficiently suppresses SARS‐CoV‐2 replication. Using in silico target‐based drug screening, we identify a bispecific MTr1/NSP16 inhibitor with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity in vitro and in vivo but with unfavorable side effects. We further show antiviral activity of inhibitors that target independent stages of the host SAM cycle providing the methyltransferase co‐substrate. In particular, the adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY) inhibitor DZNep is antiviral in in vitro, in ex vivo, and in a mouse infection model and synergizes with existing COVID‐19 treatments. Moreover, DZNep exhibits a strong immunomodulatory effect curbing infection‐induced hyperinflammation and reduces lung fibrosis markers ex vivo. Thus, multispecific and metabolic MTase inhibitors constitute yet unexplored treatment options against COVID‐19.

Published
2021

43. Economia criativa na relação entre trabalho e cultura para a juventude

Author

Isadora Cardinalli, Aline Zacchi Farias, Antonio Belforte Lavacca, Carla Regina Silva, Ana Carolina da Silva Almeida Prado, Marina Sanches Silvestrini, Débora Isabele Vasconcelos, and Marco Antonio Liu Targa Mancini

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

A racionalidade neoliberal produz reorientação do capitalismo que fomenta a precarização do trabalho, a responsabilização individual, o enfraquecimento do Estado, das políticas e dos direitos sociais. Com enfoque nas políticas culturais, a Economia Criativa e a profissionalização da criatividade têm sido universos de disputa discursiva e jogos de poderes que geram diversas dificuldades, mas também de resistências e estratégias. Este trabalho apresenta resultados de um programa universitário de Terapia Ocupacional no campo da Cultura, cujo objetivo foi compreender os processos de profissionalização de jovens no campo da cultura. Para tanto, foram realizados mapeamentos para identificação dos jovens (18 a 29 anos), trabalhadores no campo da cultura e atuantes no município no qual foi desenvolvida a pesquisa. Posteriormente, foram realizadas entrevistas com foco na identificação dos processos de trabalho, suas dificuldades e potências. Em seguida foram realizados encontros formativos abertos para os interessados. Por meio de seus relatos, foi possível verificar que o trabalho está submetido à precarização, flexibilização, individualização e mercadorização da cultura. Como estratégias de resistência os jovens artistas elaboram propostas buscando fortalecimento de redes, atividades colaborativas, significado e transformação social. Ressalta-se a necessidade de políticas culturais integradas entre as diferentes dimensões da cultura, a considerando como direito e intrínsecas aos processos de cidadania.

Published
2018

45. Additional file 1 of Clinical outcomes and temporal trends of immunological and non-immunological rare diseases in adult kidney transplant

Author

Gallo, Ester, Mingozzi, Silvia, Mella, Alberto, Fop, Fabrizio, Presta, Roberto, Burdese, Manuel, Boaglio, Elena, Torazza, Maria Cristina, Giraudi, Roberta, Leonardi, Gianluca, Lavacca, Antonio, Gontero, Paolo, Sedigh, Omidreza, Bosio, Andrea, Verri, Aldo, Dolla, Caterina, and Biancone, Luigi

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Rare disease classification (according to Orpha-code) in the studied population. Table S2. Baseline characteristics and renal function tests among the most frequent RDs subgroups of the studied population.

Published
2021
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46. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance coexisting in patients undergoing kidney transplantation does not adversely influence post-graft clinical outcome

Author

Maria Cristina Torazza, Roberta Giraudi, Ester Gallo, Fabrizio Fop, Alberto Mella, Corrado Tarella, Caterina Dolla, Roberta Clari, Luigi Biancone, and Antonio Lavacca

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, graft survival, kidney transplantation, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gastroenterology, survival analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, AcademicSubjects/MED00340, Kidney transplantation, Survival analysis, Multiple myeloma, Transplantation, immunosuppression, business.industry, graft function, Immunosuppression, Original Articles, medicine.disease, multiple myeloma, Nephrology, mTOR, business, Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Abstract

BackgroundManagement of patients with oncohaematological disorders such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a frequent problem in pre-transplant work-up. Insights on disease progression and long-term functional outcomes are still lacking in this setting.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis on all patients with MGUS who underwent kidney transplant (KT) at our centre between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2017 (cases, n = 65). Patients were matched with a control group (KTs with similar characteristics but without history of haematological disease, controls, n = 1079). Primary endpoints were graft and patient survival; secondary endpoints were causes of graft failure, patient death, occurrence of allograft rejection, post-transplant neoplasia (not correlated to previous disorder) and/or infectious episodes.ResultsThe MGUS and control groups had a similar mean age [60 (29–79) versus 55.2 (19.3–79.5) years, respectively] and percentage of males (69.2% versus 64.6%, respectively). Median follow-up time since KT was 3.5 years (0–14) in cases and 8.3 years (0–14.9) in controls. All MGUS patients underwent KT following extensive multidiscliplinary investigations. No differences were found between cases and controls regarding patient and graft survival or post-transplant complications except for lower incidence of infections (58.7% versus 69.8%, P = 0.019) and increased use of mTOR inhbitors (30.3% versus 14.7%, P = 0.001) in MGUS. MGUS isotype did not influence graft and patient survival. The absence of difference in patients and graft survival was also confirmed in an adjunctive analysis where MGUS were compared with controls (ratio 1:2) matched for recipient age, gender, number of transplantations and transplant period.ConclusionPatients with MGUS may undergo KT without significantly increased risks of complications, provided that appropriate diagnostic procedures are carefully followed. Multidiscipline-based studies are crucial for establishing well designed pre- and post-transplant protocols for the best management of patients with coexisting MGUS and end-stage renal disease.

Published
2021

47. Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on kidney transplant rates and clinical outcomes among waitlisted candidates in a single center European experience

Author

Antonio Lavacca, Silvia Bruna Vanzino, Alberto Mella, Caterina Dolla, Maria Cristina Torazza, Ester Gallo, Fabrizio Fop, Roberta Giraudi, Luigi Biancone, Erika Naso, and Anna Allesina

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Waiting Lists, endocrine system diseases, Science, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, 030232 urology & nephrology, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Article, Nephropathy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cause of Death, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, education, Dialysis, Survival analysis, Kidney transplantation, education.field_of_study, Kidney diseases, Multidisciplinary, Renal replacement therapy, business.industry, Mortality rate, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Survival Analysis, Europe, Treatment Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Nephrology, Medicine, Female, business, Body mass index
Abstract

Despite type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is commonly considered a detrimental factor in dialysis, its clear effect on morbidity and mortality on waitlisted patients for kidney transplant (KT) has never been completely elucidated. We performed a retrospective analysis on 714 patients admitted to wait-list (WL) for their first kidney transplant from 2005 to 2010. Clinical characteristics at registration in WL (age, body mass index -BMI-, duration and modality of dialysis, underlying nephropathy, coronary artery -CAD- and/or peripheral vascular disease), mortality rates, and effective time on WL were investigated and compared according to T2D status (presence/absence). Data about therapy and management of T2D were also considered. At the time of WL registration T2D patients (n = 86) were older than non-T2D (n = 628) (58.7 ± 8.6 years vs 51.3 ± 12.9) with higher BMI (26.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2 vs 23.8 ± 3.6), more frequent history of CAD (33.3% vs 9.8%) and peripheral vascular disease (25.3% vs 5.8%) (p p p p = 0.008), comorbidity-related suspension from WL (571 days vs 257, p = 0.002), and increased mortality rate (33.7% vs 13.9% in the overall population, p p = 0.019). In conclusion, T2D significantly affects survival also on waitlisted patients. Allocation policies in T2D patients may be adjusted according to increased risk of mortality and WL suspension due to comorbidities.

Published
2020

48. Cluster analysis identifies distinct pathogenetic patterns in c3 glomerulopathies/immune complex–Mediated membranoproliferative GN

Author

Iatropoulos, P, Daina, E, Curreri, M, Piras, R, Valoti, E, Mele, C, Bresin, E, Gamba, S, Alberti, M, Breno, M, Perna, A, Bettoni, S, Sabadini, E, Murer, L, Vivarelli, M, Noris, M, Remuzzi, G, Bottanelli, L, Donadelli, R, Cuccarolo, P, Abbate, M, Carrara, C, Cannata, A, Ferrari, S, Gaspari, F, Stucchi, N, Bassani, C, Lena, M, Omati, G, Taruscia, D, Bellantuono, R, Giordano, M, Messina, G, Caruso, M, Gotti, E, Mescia, F, Perticucci, E, Schieppati, A, Verdoni, L, Berto, M, Baraldi, O, Montini, G, Pasini, A, Passler, W, Degasperi, T, Gaggiotti, M, Gregorini, G, Miglietti, N, Guarnieri, A, Cirami, L, Roperto, R, Di Giorgio, G, Barbano, G, Innocenti, M, Ghiggeri, G, Magnasco, A, Rolla, D, Casartelli, D, Lambertini, D, Maggio, M, Cosci, P, Conti, G, Amar, K, Ardissino, G, Marinosci, A, Sinico, R, Montoli, A, Bonucchi, D, Facchini, F, Furci, L, Ferretti, A, Nuzzi, F, Pecoraro, C, Visciano, B, Canavese, C, Radin, E, Stratta, P, Nordio, M, Benetti, E, Parolin, M, Alberici, F, Manenti, L, Brugnano, R, Manenti, F, Capitanini, A, Emma, F, Massella, L, Rosa, M, Mazzon, M, Basso, E, Besso, L, Lavacca, A, Mella, A, Bertero, M, Coppo, R, Peruzzi, L, Porcellini, M, Piccoli, G, Clari, R, Pasi, A, Gangemi, C, Alfandary, H, Dagan, A, Conceiçao, M, Sameiro, F, Croze, L, Malvezzi, P, Tsygin, A, Zelan, B, Nastasi, N, Iatropoulos, Paraskevas, Daina, Erica, Curreri, Manuela, Piras, Rossella, Valoti, Elisabetta, Mele, Caterina, Bresin, Elena, Gamba, Sara, Alberti, Marta, Breno, Matteo, Perna, Annalisa, Bettoni, Serena, Sabadini, Ettore, Murer, Luisa, Vivarelli, Marina, Noris, Marina, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Bottanelli, L., Donadelli, R., Cuccarolo, P., Abbate, M., Carrara, C., Cannata, A., Ferrari, S., Gaspari, F., Stucchi, N., Bassani, C., Lena, M., Omati, G., Taruscia, D., Bellantuono, R., Giordano, M., Messina, G., Caruso, M., Gotti, E., Mescia, F., Perticucci, E., Schieppati, A., Verdoni, L., Berto, M., Baraldi, O., Montini, G., Pasini, A., Passler, W., Degasperi, T., Gaggiotti, M., Gregorini, G., Miglietti, N., Guarnieri, A., Cirami, L., Roperto, R. M., Di Giorgio, G., Barbano, G., Innocenti, M. L. D., Ghiggeri, G. M., Magnasco, A., Rolla, D., Casartelli, D., Lambertini, D., Maggio, M., Cosci, P. M., Conti, G., Amar, K., Ardissino, G., Marinosci, A., Sinico, R. A., Montoli, A., Bonucchi, D., Facchini, F., Furci, L., Ferretti, A., Nuzzi, F., Pecoraro, C., Visciano, B., Canavese, C., Radin, E., Stratta, P., Nordio, M., Benetti, E., Parolin, M., Alberici, F., Manenti, L., Brugnano, R., Manenti, F., Capitanini, A., Emma, F., Massella, L., Rosa, M., Mazzon, M., Basso, E., Besso, L., Lavacca, A., Mella, A., Bertero, M., Coppo, R., Peruzzi, L., Porcellini, M. G., Piccoli, G. B., Clari, R., Pasi, A., Gangemi, C., Alfandary, H., Dagan, A., Conceiçao, M., Sameiro, F. M., Croze, L., Malvezzi, P., Tsygin, A., Zelan, B., Nastasi, null, Iatropoulos, P, Daina, E, Curreri, M, Piras, R, Valoti, E, Mele, C, Bresin, E, Gamba, S, Alberti, M, Breno, M, Perna, A, Bettoni, S, Sabadini, E, Murer, L, Vivarelli, M, Noris, M, Remuzzi, G, Bottanelli, L, Donadelli, R, Cuccarolo, P, Abbate, M, Carrara, C, Cannata, A, Ferrari, S, Gaspari, F, Stucchi, N, Bassani, C, Lena, M, Omati, G, Taruscia, D, Bellantuono, R, Giordano, M, Messina, G, Caruso, M, Gotti, E, Mescia, F, Perticucci, E, Schieppati, A, Verdoni, L, Berto, M, Baraldi, O, Montini, G, Pasini, A, Passler, W, Degasperi, T, Gaggiotti, M, Gregorini, G, Miglietti, N, Guarnieri, A, Cirami, L, Roperto, R, Di Giorgio, G, Barbano, G, Innocenti, M, Ghiggeri, G, Magnasco, A, Rolla, D, Casartelli, D, Lambertini, D, Maggio, M, Cosci, P, Conti, G, Amar, K, Ardissino, G, Marinosci, A, Sinico, R, Montoli, A, Bonucchi, D, Facchini, F, Furci, L, Ferretti, A, Nuzzi, F, Pecoraro, C, Visciano, B, Canavese, C, Radin, E, Stratta, P, Nordio, M, Benetti, E, Parolin, M, Alberici, F, Manenti, L, Brugnano, R, Manenti, F, Capitanini, A, Emma, F, Massella, L, Rosa, M, Mazzon, M, Basso, E, Besso, L, Lavacca, A, Mella, A, Bertero, M, Coppo, R, Peruzzi, L, Porcellini, M, Piccoli, G, Clari, R, Pasi, A, Gangemi, C, Alfandary, H, Dagan, A, Conceiçao, M, Sameiro, F, Croze, L, Malvezzi, P, Tsygin, A, Zelan, B, Nastasi, N, Iatropoulos, Paraskevas, Daina, Erica, Curreri, Manuela, Piras, Rossella, Valoti, Elisabetta, Mele, Caterina, Bresin, Elena, Gamba, Sara, Alberti, Marta, Breno, Matteo, Perna, Annalisa, Bettoni, Serena, Sabadini, Ettore, Murer, Luisa, Vivarelli, Marina, Noris, Marina, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Bottanelli, L., Donadelli, R., Cuccarolo, P., Abbate, M., Carrara, C., Cannata, A., Ferrari, S., Gaspari, F., Stucchi, N., Bassani, C., Lena, M., Omati, G., Taruscia, D., Bellantuono, R., Giordano, M., Messina, G., Caruso, M., Gotti, E., Mescia, F., Perticucci, E., Schieppati, A., Verdoni, L., Berto, M., Baraldi, O., Montini, G., Pasini, A., Passler, W., Degasperi, T., Gaggiotti, M., Gregorini, G., Miglietti, N., Guarnieri, A., Cirami, L., Roperto, R. M., Di Giorgio, G., Barbano, G., Innocenti, M. L. D., Ghiggeri, G. M., Magnasco, A., Rolla, D., Casartelli, D., Lambertini, D., Maggio, M., Cosci, P. M., Conti, G., Amar, K., Ardissino, G., Marinosci, A., Sinico, R. A., Montoli, A., Bonucchi, D., Facchini, F., Furci, L., Ferretti, A., Nuzzi, F., Pecoraro, C., Visciano, B., Canavese, C., Radin, E., Stratta, P., Nordio, M., Benetti, E., Parolin, M., Alberici, F., Manenti, L., Brugnano, R., Manenti, F., Capitanini, A., Emma, F., Massella, L., Rosa, M., Mazzon, M., Basso, E., Besso, L., Lavacca, A., Mella, A., Bertero, M., Coppo, R., Peruzzi, L., Porcellini, M. G., Piccoli, G. B., Clari, R., Pasi, A., Gangemi, C., Alfandary, H., Dagan, A., Conceiçao, M., Sameiro, F. M., Croze, L., Malvezzi, P., Tsygin, A., Zelan, B., and Nastasi, null

Abstract

Membranoproliferative GN (MPGN) was recently reclassified as alternative pathway complement–mediated C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) and immune complex–mediated membranoproliferative GN (IC-MPGN). However, genetic and acquired alternative pathway abnormalities are also observed in IC-MPGN. Here, we explored the presence of distinct disease entities characterized by specific pathophysiologic mechanisms. We performed unsupervised hierarchical clustering, a data-driven statistical approach, on histologic, genetic, and clinical data and data regarding serum/plasma complement parameters from 173 patients with C3G/IC-MPGN. This approach divided patients into four clusters, indicating the existence of four different pathogenetic patterns. Specifically, this analysis separated patients with fluid-phase complement activation (clusters 1–3) who had low serum C3 levels and a high prevalence of genetic and acquired alternative pathway abnormalities from patients with solid-phase complement activation (cluster 4) who had normal or mildly altered serum C3, late disease onset, and poor renal survival. In patients with fluid-phase complement activation, those in clusters 1 and 2 had massive activation of the alternative pathway, including activation of the terminal pathway, and the highest prevalence of subendothelial deposits, but those in cluster 2 had additional activation of the classic pathway and the highest prevalence of nephrotic syndrome at disease onset. Patients in cluster 3 had prevalent activation of C3 convertase and highly electron-dense intramembranous deposits. In addition, we provide a simple algorithm to assign patients with C3G/IC-MPGN to specific clusters. These distinct clusters may facilitate clarification of disease etiology, improve risk assessment for ESRD, and pave the way for personalized treatment.

Published
2018

49. Association of kidney disease measures with risk of renal function worsening in patients with type 1 diabetes 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1103 Clinical Sciences

Author

Mirijello, A, Viazzi, F, Fioretto, P, Giorda, C, Ceriello, A, Russo, G, Guida, P, Pontremoli, R, De Cosmo, S, Cimino, A, Fava, D, Meloncelli, I, Nicolucci, A, Pellegrini, F, Rossi, M, Turco, S, Vespasiani, G, Graziano, G, Lucisano, G, Memmo, R, Pellicciotta, E, Paciotti, V, Pupillo, M, Armentano, G, Giovannini, C, Armentano, V, Laudato, M, Acquati, S, Ciardullo, A, Laffi, G, Felace, G, Taboga, C, Tortul, C, Santantonio, G, Suraci, C, Ghisoni, G, Raffa, M, Genovese, S, Lovagnini-Scher, C, Rampini, P, Rocca, A, Ruggeri, P, Tortato, E, Cotti, L, Cristofaro, M, Tagliaferri, M, Comoglio, M, Fornengo, R, Gentile, F, Gigante, A, Mastinu, F, Di Benedetto, A, Pata, P, Arcangeli, A, Orsini, P, Acler, P, De Blasi, G, Cicioni, G, Pocciati, S, Marangoni, A, Nogara, A, Lanero, M, Bertero, M, Damassino, R, Bergonzini, C, Schumtz, L, Seksich, L, Pipitone, A, Boaretto, M, Manfroi, I, Parmesan, L, Conte, B, Soccol, F, Pagano, A, Papini, E, Rinaldi, R, Petrucci, L, Graziano, F, Chianelli, M, Silvagni, S, Rosco, M, Ansaldi, E, Malvicino, F, Battezzati, M, Maresca, P, Palenzona, C, Boemi, M, Rabini, R, Brandoni, G, Lanari, L, Gatti, C, Testa, I, Cherubini, V, Doveri, G, Pecorelli, L, Ciccarelli, A, Gallardini, M, Courthoud, R, Sara Bredy, S, Ricciardi, G, Vitalone, G, Setti, D, Contrini, P, Corsi, A, Ghigliotti, V, Oddone, G, Ponzani, P, Valbonesi, G, Mazzini, V, Di Berardino, P, Colleluori, P, Montani, V, Trosini, V, Velussi, M, Alfidi, P, Verdecchia, B, Baliva, L, Di Pietro, A, Franchi, G, Luce, R, Pianta, A, Ferrari, M, Balzano, S, Beltranello, G, Dal Fabbro, S, Arico, C, Cervo, L, Zanon, R, Rossa, S, Di Pace, M, Ciavarella, A, Giangiulio, S, Grimaldi, M, Mustacchio, A, Fattor, B, Monauni, T, Cristini, M, Orion, G, Crazzolara, D, Amor, F, Eisath, J, Lintner, S, Garavelli, S, Calari, T, Marini, P, Sandri, O, Scala, M, Stroppa, C, Trentin, A, Carlin, R, Carli, B, Sandona, M, Zortea, C, Bonet, L, Pradel, L, Reato, S, Buschini, M, Bonfiglioli, D, Mones, D, Beldi, F, Morea, A, Bondesan, L, Perbellini, S, Valentini, U, Agosti, B, Corsini, R, Girelli, A, Zarra, E, Rocca, L, Bergmann, M, Pradi, I, Unterkircher, S, Piok, M, Pichler, M, Trinchera, A, Palama, G, Palma, P, Carboni, L, Murtas, M, Mudadu, T, Turco, M, Floris, M, Delogu, A, Farris, L, Songini, M, Piras, G, Seguro, R, Floris, R, Corona, G, Lai, M, Piras, E, Contini, P, Cocco, S, Pilosu, R, Sannia, M, Spanu, F, Busciantella Ricci, N, Cartechini, M, Agostinelli, G, Fiorelli, C, Nuzzi, A, Ballauri, C, Lesina, A, Romeo, F, Giudici, G, Maciejewska, E, Deroma, A, Paduano, M, Rossi, L, Vagnini, C, Dolci, M, Mori, M, Baccetti, F, Gregori, G, Straface, E, Pozzuoli, G, Barone, M, Stasio, G, Tondini, S, Borgoni, F, Grosso, J, Scarsellato, C, Sciulli, A, De Marco, F, Confortin, L, Marin, N, Lamonica, M, Gialdino, S, Borzi, V, Gatta, C, Rapisard, R, Strano, S, Calabro, M, Puccio, L, Zolli, M, Coracina, A, Starnone, V, Del Buono, A, Terracciano, A, Monda, M, Castro, F, Guaglianone, A, Maccari, V, Corsi, L, Versari, G, Falivene, M, Boletto, N, Corsi, S, Marafetti, L, Vitacolonna, E, Capani, F, Caputo, L, Di Nisio, L, Simonetti, F, Boscolo Bariga, A, Ballarin, G, De Boni, S, Di Benedetto, S, Chiambretti, A, Di Vito, L, Pascuzzo, M, Urli, P, Rumi, P, Balzarini, B, Galli, P, Castellan, M, Giannetti, A, Russotti, C, De Blasi, A, Perna, A, Campanelli, C, Ranchelli, A, Biccheri, D, Dadi, G, Massa, L, Baldi, G, Sciacca, F, Costanzo, E, Spada, M, Paolini, G, Ziller, P, Portolan, F, Pasolini, G, Ghilardi, G, Fiorina, P, Grata, M, Capretti, L, Speroni, G, Fugazza, L, Massafra, C, Lovagnini Scher, A, Cimicchi, M, Percudani, C, Risolo, T, Sacco, P, Gidoni Guarnieri, G, Piccolo, D, Bravin, C, De Noni, E, Scarpel, M, Marcon, M, Giacon, F, Panebianco, G, Tadiotto, F, Da Tos, V, D'Ambrosio, M, Pellizzola, D, Zampini, M, Frezzati, E, Mari, E, Raminelli, E, Gaiti, D, Bosi, E, Chierici, G, Pilla, S, Copelli, M, Zanichelli, P, Bertelli, L, Caretta, P, Vezzani, V, Bodecchi, S, Longobucco, A, Di Lembo, S, Spotti, E, Carrai, E, Degli Innocenti, A, Manini, L, Persico, R, Rossi, C, Magro, G, Marelli, G, Vilei, V, Andrioli, M, Bellato, L, Fedeli, M, Merlini, A, Pinelli, G, Marin, G, Contin, M, Gallo, A, Parlato, P, Pecchielan, W, Jacovacci, J, Placentino, G, Richini, D, Molinari, S, Strazzeri, R, Fabbri, T, Di Bartolo, P, Garrapa, G, D'Incau, F, Lagomanzini, P, Conte, P, Todesco, F, Foglini, P, Pantanetti, P, Bedetta, C, Maricotti, R, Tomasi, F, Monesi, M, Graziani, R, Beretta, F, Penna, L, Guberti, A, Dazzi, D, Forte, E, Gasbarrone, A, Marrocco, T, Moschetta, R, Tuccinardi, F, De Meo, F, Coppola, A, Pirolozzi, P, Placitelli, E, Vallefuoco, R, Catone, B, Ceschia, S, Urban, M, Fabbri, F, Torresani, M, Crovetto, R, Battistini, M, Carosia, P, Viviani, G, Durante, A, Pais, F, Lilliu, V, Quieto, C, D'Ugo, E, Squadrone, M, Amenduni, T, Iovannisci, M, Della Penna, L, Potente, F, Delle Donne, T, Massa, C, Ulisse, M, De Berardinis, S, Guarnieri, I, Pace, S, Splendiani, M, Di Giuseppe, R, Brunato, B, Assaloni, R, Muraro, R, Loro, R, Bucciol, S, Lavacca, C, Sabbatini, G, Quadri, F, Sambuco, L, Santacroce, C, Paola Caretta, D, Marino, C, Micheletti, A, Petrelli, A, Corda, A, Pisano, L, Guaita, G, Deias, C, Trevisan, G, Coletti, I, Iannarelli, R, De Luca, A, Minnucci, A, Antenucci, D, Di Florio, C, Angelicola, G, Bosco, A, Fresco, R, Di Marco, G, Ugolotti, D, Cadossi, T, Di Caro, P, Mazzocchetti, M, Buzzetti, R, Leto, G, Gnessi, C, Cipolloni, L, Foffi, C, Moretti, C, Venditti, C, Meniconi, R, Bertoli, S, Cosimi, S, Di Cianni, G, Turco, A, Richini, A, Marconi, S, Sannino, C, Lemmi, P, Giuntoli, S, Manfre, N, Giannini, F, Di Carlo, A, Casadidio, I, Melandri, P, Maolo, G, Polenta, B, Piccinini, N, Vincenti, C, Pastore, N, Mega, P, Magurano, E, Cananiello, A, Francescutto, C, Brussa Toi, E, Gaspardo, G, Angeli, L, Ronchese, L, Sciangula, L, Ciucci, A, Contartese, A, Banfi, E, Castelli, E, Tatti, P, Bloise, D, Di Mauro, P, Masselli, L, Lo Presti, A, Scarpitta, A, Gambina, F, Venezia, A, Morea, R, Lagonigro, G, Copeta, G, Iannucci, V, Milano, V, Trupo, M, Lochmann, A, Marchetto, P, Incelli, G, De Paola, G, Steiger, M, Gamper, M, Breitenberger, S, Holzner, M, Frischmann, J, Lambiase, C, Di Vece, T, D'Aniello, M, Fezza, M, Giordano, C, Leo, F, Saitta, G, Cucinotta, D, Di Vieste, G, Pintaudi, B, Mancuso, T, Musacchio, N, Giancaterini, A, Pessina, L, Salis, G, Schivalocchi, F, Testori, G, Cerutti, N, Morpugo, P, Cavaletto, M, Bonino, G, Morreale, F, Mariani, G, Ragonesi, P, Bollati, P, Colapinto, P, Falqui, L, Bortolato, L, Cosma, A, Pistolato, P, Centenaro, B, Ceccato, A, Campobasso, G, Zaurino, F, Mazzotta, G, Manti, R, Da Ros, R, Carlucci, S, Narduzzi, L, Bortolotto, D, D'Acunto, L, Stanic, L, Volpi, A, Cospite, A, Manicardi, V, Michelini, M, Finardi, L, Borghi, F, Manicardi, E, Lombardi, S, Tommasi, C, Iaccarino, M, Cozza, S, Binotto, M, Marini, F, Mecenero, I, Massignani, S, Stecco, P, Urbani, E, Massariol, W, Parolin, R, Gatti, A, Bonavita, M, Creso, E, Giannettino, R, Gobbo, M, Iovine, C, Riccardi, G, Iazzetta, N, Giannattasio, C, Egione, O, Galdieri, S, Velotti, A, Azzolina, A, Annicelli, G, Sorrentino, T, Gaeta, I, Zenari, L, Bertolini, L, Sorgato, C, Grippaldi, F, Stroppiana, M, Popolizio, R, Carbone, N, Grasso, S, Abate, S, Gaggero, G, Strazzabosco, M, Brun, E, Carlesi, G, Garrone, S, Cicalo, A, Clausi, C, Cau, R, Manconi, A, Carboni, A, Angius, M, Pinna, A, Caria, S, Filigheddu, G, Tonolo, G, Carta, I, Calebich, S, Burlotti, C, Saglietti, G, Schellino, A, Madau, G, Cossu, M, Mulas, F, Zoccheddu, S, Balsanelli, M, Fetonti, M, Rotolo, A, Sambo, P, Secchi, E, Angotzi, M, Loddoni, S, Brundu, I, Careddu, F, Becciu, A, Gabriella Piras, G, Novara, F, Cipro, F, Torchio, G, Palumbo, P, Bianchi, A, Colucci, G, La Motta, G, Tiengo, A, Avogaro, A, Bruttomesso, D, Crepaldi, C, Fadini, G, Guarnieri, G, Lavagnini, M, Maran, A, Vedovato, M, De Kreutzenberg, V, Fedele, D, Lapolla, A, Sartore, G, Bax, G, Cardone, C, Dalfra, M, Masin, M, Toniato, R, Piarulli, F, Mattina, G, Fulantelli, M, Gioia, D, Conti, M, Ridola, G, D'Agati, F, Grossi, G, Zavaroni, I, Dei Cas, A, Franzini, L, Usberti, E, Antonimi, M, Anelli, N, Poli, R, Ridolfi, V, Michela, M, Haddoub, S, Prampolini, G, Muoio, A, Filippi, D, Bucci, F, Tardio, S, Calderini, M, Magotti, M, Quarantelli, C, Vernazza, M, Carolfi, A, Saracca, R, Picchio, E, Del Sindaco, P, Spalluto, A, Maggiulli, L, Torreggiani, V, Rastelletti, S, Ugolini, C, Pucci, N, Magi, S, Muratori, S, La Penna, G, Consoli, A, Galeone, F, Magiar, A, Gherardini, V, Moretti, L, Bientinesi, M, Landi, L, Bernardi, A, Del Prato, S, Miccoli, R, Bianchi, C, Penno, G, Venditti, F, Anichini, R, De Bellis, A, Bruschi, T, Butelli, L, Gioffredi, M, Gori, R, Picciafuochi, R, Malagoli, R, Bernini, A, Gelisio, R, Zanon, M, Del Bianco, A, Bamiston, A, Signorato, M, Citro, G, Calabrese, M, Ianni, L, Lorenzetti, M, Marsocci, A, Guizzotti, S, Memoli, G, Cabasino, F, Farci, F, Atzori, A, Sanna, A, Ghiani, M, Siotto, I, Sedda, M, Manis, A, Loddo, C, Loddo, I, Seguro, P, Cuomo, A, Orlando, L, Olanda, G, Pucci, A, Massenzo, M, Sardu, C, Perrone, G, Corazziere, F, La Puzza, I, Tripodi, P, Riggio, S, Giampaolo, A, Mannino, D, Aleandri, A, Guidi, M, Battisti, B, Faraglia, M, Lilli, V, Leotta, S, Visalli, N, Gagliardi, A, Fontana, L, Altomare, M, Carletti, S, Abbruzzese, S, Chiaramonte, F, Giordano, R, Rossini, M, Migneco, G, Cappelloni, D, Urbani, A, Piergiovanni, F, Simonetta, A, Massimiani, F, Bulzomi, R, Giuliano, M, Pennafina, M, Di Perna, P, D'Accinni, M, Paolucci, D, D'Ubaldi, A, D'Angelo, M, Masaro, G, Pietrantoni, M, Fratini, M, La Rosa, R, Poggi, M, Piccirilli, F, Pisano, R, Saponara, C, Conforti, I, Penza, A, Scalpone, R, Lo Pinto, S, Iacovella, L, Caccamo, C, Sposito, S, Teodonio, C, Restuccia, M, Mirto, G, Girardello, R, Gennaro, R, De Moliner, L, Bettini, E, Mattuzzi, A, Speese, K, Frisinghelli, F, Locatelli, F, Nicoletti, M, Trojan, N, Centis, R, L Volsi, P, Levis, E, Zanette, G, Comba, G, Ballatore, L, Cattaneo, A, Aglialoro, 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A., Zen F., Di Pietro S., Scoponi C., Tilaro L., Pelliccioni S., Slongo R., Vita E., Garofalo A., Vitale F., Campanella B., Mastrilli V., Borrelli T., D'Avino A., Perbellini A., Mirijello, A, Viazzi, F, Fioretto, P, Giorda, C, Ceriello, A, Russo, G, Guida, P, Pontremoli, R, De Cosmo, S, Cimino, A, Fava, D, Meloncelli, I, Nicolucci, A, Pellegrini, F, Rossi, M, Turco, S, Vespasiani, G, Graziano, G, Lucisano, G, Memmo, R, Pellicciotta, E, Paciotti, V, Pupillo, M, Armentano, G, Giovannini, C, Armentano, V, Laudato, M, Acquati, S, Ciardullo, A, Laffi, G, Felace, G, Taboga, C, Tortul, C, Santantonio, G, Suraci, C, Ghisoni, G, Raffa, M, Genovese, S, Lovagnini-Scher, C, Rampini, P, Rocca, A, Ruggeri, P, Tortato, E, Cotti, L, Cristofaro, M, Tagliaferri, M, Comoglio, M, Fornengo, R, Gentile, F, Gigante, A, Mastinu, F, Di Benedetto, A, Pata, P, Arcangeli, A, Orsini, P, Acler, P, De Blasi, G, Cicioni, G, Pocciati, S, Marangoni, A, Nogara, A, Lanero, M, Bertero, M, Damassino, R, Bergonzini, C, 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O, Scala, M, Stroppa, C, Trentin, A, Carlin, R, Carli, B, Sandona, M, Zortea, C, Bonet, L, Pradel, L, Reato, S, Buschini, M, Bonfiglioli, D, Mones, D, Beldi, F, Morea, A, Bondesan, L, Perbellini, S, Valentini, U, Agosti, B, Corsini, R, Girelli, A, Zarra, E, Rocca, L, Bergmann, M, Pradi, I, Unterkircher, S, Piok, M, Pichler, M, Trinchera, A, Palama, G, Palma, P, Carboni, L, Murtas, M, Mudadu, T, Turco, M, Floris, M, Delogu, A, Farris, L, Songini, M, Piras, G, Seguro, R, Floris, R, Corona, G, Lai, M, Piras, E, Contini, P, Cocco, S, Pilosu, R, Sannia, M, Spanu, F, Busciantella Ricci, N, Cartechini, M, Agostinelli, G, Fiorelli, C, Nuzzi, A, Ballauri, C, Lesina, A, Romeo, F, Giudici, G, Maciejewska, E, Deroma, A, Paduano, M, Rossi, L, Vagnini, C, Dolci, M, Mori, M, Baccetti, F, Gregori, G, Straface, E, Pozzuoli, G, Barone, M, Stasio, G, Tondini, S, Borgoni, F, Grosso, J, Scarsellato, C, Sciulli, A, De Marco, F, Confortin, L, Marin, N, Lamonica, M, Gialdino, S, Borzi, V, Gatta, C, Rapisard, R, Strano, S, Calabro, M, Puccio, L, Zolli, M, Coracina, A, Starnone, V, Del Buono, A, Terracciano, A, Monda, M, Castro, F, Guaglianone, A, Maccari, V, Corsi, L, Versari, G, Falivene, M, Boletto, N, Corsi, S, Marafetti, L, Vitacolonna, E, Capani, F, Caputo, L, Di Nisio, L, Simonetti, F, Boscolo Bariga, A, Ballarin, G, De Boni, S, Di Benedetto, S, Chiambretti, A, Di Vito, L, Pascuzzo, M, Urli, P, Rumi, P, Balzarini, B, Galli, P, Castellan, M, Giannetti, A, Russotti, C, De Blasi, A, Perna, A, Campanelli, C, Ranchelli, A, Biccheri, D, Dadi, G, Massa, L, Baldi, G, Sciacca, F, Costanzo, E, Spada, M, Paolini, G, Ziller, P, Portolan, F, Pasolini, G, Ghilardi, G, Fiorina, P, Grata, M, Capretti, L, Speroni, G, Fugazza, L, Massafra, C, Lovagnini Scher, A, Cimicchi, M, Percudani, C, Risolo, T, Sacco, P, Gidoni Guarnieri, G, Piccolo, D, Bravin, C, De Noni, E, Scarpel, M, Marcon, M, Giacon, F, Panebianco, G, Tadiotto, F, Da Tos, V, D'Ambrosio, M, Pellizzola, D, Zampini, M, Frezzati, E, Mari, E, 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G, Calabrese, M, Ianni, L, Lorenzetti, M, Marsocci, A, Guizzotti, S, Memoli, G, Cabasino, F, Farci, F, Atzori, A, Sanna, A, Ghiani, M, Siotto, I, Sedda, M, Manis, A, Loddo, C, Loddo, I, Seguro, P, Cuomo, A, Orlando, L, Olanda, G, Pucci, A, Massenzo, M, Sardu, C, Perrone, G, Corazziere, F, La Puzza, I, Tripodi, P, Riggio, S, Giampaolo, A, Mannino, D, Aleandri, A, Guidi, M, Battisti, B, Faraglia, M, Lilli, V, Leotta, S, Visalli, N, Gagliardi, A, Fontana, L, Altomare, M, Carletti, S, Abbruzzese, S, Chiaramonte, F, Giordano, R, Rossini, M, Migneco, G, Cappelloni, D, Urbani, A, Piergiovanni, F, Simonetta, A, Massimiani, F, Bulzomi, R, Giuliano, M, Pennafina, M, Di Perna, P, D'Accinni, M, Paolucci, D, D'Ubaldi, A, D'Angelo, M, Masaro, G, Pietrantoni, M, Fratini, M, La Rosa, R, Poggi, M, Piccirilli, F, Pisano, R, Saponara, C, Conforti, I, Penza, A, Scalpone, R, Lo Pinto, S, Iacovella, L, Caccamo, C, Sposito, S, Teodonio, C, Restuccia, M, Mirto, G, Girardello, R, Gennaro, R, De Moliner, L, Bettini, E, Mattuzzi, A, Speese, K, Frisinghelli, F, Locatelli, F, Nicoletti, M, Trojan, N, Centis, R, L Volsi, P, Levis, E, Zanette, G, Comba, G, Ballatore, L, Cattaneo, A, Aglialoro, A, Guido, R, Patrone, M, Zecchini, M, Clementi, L, Galetta, M, Marconi, V, Bordin, P, Perale, L, Vinci, C, Sira Zanon, M, Geretto, L, Toffolo, C, Furlan, M, Mazzanti, G, Vinci, M, Sica, V, Armeni, M, Derai, R, Ennas, O, Mamusa, S, Pisano, M, Carreras, L, Rauseo, A, Cervone, S, Leggieri, A, Pontonio, M, Sturaro, R, Quattrocchi, F, Molinaro, M, Trasatti, M, Ferretti, B, Labarile, G, Baule, G, Gentilini, A, Spanu, M, Fancellu, A, Bianco, P, Lione, L, Massazza, G, Bocchio, G, Bosco, E, Monachesi, M, Carta, G, Boschetti, M, Ceresola, E, Venier, E, Calcaterra, F, Cataldi, F, Miola, M, Manfrini, S, Lai, A, Locci, B, Putzu, D, Tanganelli, I, Leonini, M, Egger, K, Marchiotto, W, Vincis, L, Orlandini, V, Pilloni, C, Farci, R, Pelligra, I, Renier, G, Mameli, M, Pala, A, Devigus, E, Fumagalli, I, Lalli, C, Leandri, M, Agliani, M, De Pascalis, L, Malci, F, De Ciocchis, A, Diodati, M, Macerola, B, Davi, S, Caccavale, A, Brocato, L, Pognant Gros, M, Borla, S, Lattanzi, E, Piersanti, C, Piersanti, A, Spinelli, I, Tuzzoli, L, Tulini, V, Quaranta, G, Iorio, V, Tirabovi, M, De Terlizi, C, Massarelli, M, Venturi, S, Travaglini, A, Draghi, P, Pomante, P, Richiardi, L, Clerico, A, Bruno, A, Cavallo Perin, P, Ghigo, E, Porta, M, Scuntero, P, Arcari, R, Bertaina, S, Bo, S, Broglio, F, Bruno, G, Degiovanni, M, Fornengo, P, Grassi, G, Inglese, V, Maccario, M, Maghenzani, G, Marena, S, Martina, V, Passera, P, Ruiu, G, Tagliabue, M, Zanone, M, Monge, M, Boffano, G, Macri, K, Maio, P, Ozzello, A, Pergolizzi, E, Gaia, D, Gennari, P, Micali, G, Rossetto, E, Dalmazzo, C, Oreglia, M, Stefani, T, Dossena, C, Paglia, P, Bosoni, S, Romanelli, T, Inchiostro, S, Dauriz, M, Bossi, C, Meregalli, G, Balini, A, Berzi, D, Filippini, B, Crotto, G, Paccagnella, A, Orrasch, M, Sambataro, M, Citro, T, Kiwanuka, E, Bagolin, E, Almoto, B, Macchia, A, Branca, M, Filesi, M, Candido, R, Caroli, E, Manca, E, Petrucco, A, Tommasi, E, Jagodnik, G, Baskar, B, Daris, N, Dal Col, P, Pellegrini, M, Tonutti, L, Venturini, G, Andreani, M, Turchi, F, Fedrighelli, F, Martinelli, G, Rongioletti, R, Candidi, M, Pais, M, Moro, E, Cervellino, F, Sinisi, R, Zampino, A, Mingardi, R, Lora, L, Reitano, R, Stocchiero, C, Simoncini, M, Mesturino, C, Zen, F, Di Pietro, S, Scoponi, C, Tilaro, L, Pelliccioni, S, Slongo, R, Vita, E, Garofalo, A, Vitale, F, Campanella, B, Mastrilli, V, Borrelli, T, D'Avino, A, Perbellini, A, Mirijello A., Viazzi F., Fioretto P., Giorda C. 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G., Damassino R., Bergonzini C., Schumtz L., Seksich L., Pipitone A., Boaretto M., Manfroi I., Parmesan L., Conte B., Soccol F., Pagano A., Papini E., Rinaldi R., Petrucci L., Graziano F., Chianelli M., Silvagni S., Rosco M., Ansaldi E., Malvicino F., Battezzati M., Maresca P., Palenzona C., Boemi M., Rabini R. A., Brandoni G., Lanari L., Gatti C., Testa I., Cherubini V., Doveri G., Pecorelli L., Ciccarelli A., Gallardini M. B., Courthoud R., Sara Bredy S., Ricciardi G. P., Vitalone G., Setti D., Contrini P., Corsi A., Ghigliotti V., Oddone G., Ponzani P., Valbonesi G., Mazzini V., Di Berardino P., Colleluori P., Montani V., Trosini V., Velussi M., Alfidi P., Verdecchia B., Baliva L., Di Pietro A., Franchi G., Luce R. P., Pianta A., Ferrari M., Balzano S., Beltranello G., Dal Fabbro S., Arico C. N., Cervo L., Zanon R., Rossa S., Di Pace M. C., Ciavarella A., Giangiulio S., Grimaldi M., Mustacchio A., Fattor B., Monauni T., Cristini M., Orion G., Crazzolara D., Amor F., Eisath J. 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B., Tondini S., Borgoni F., Grosso J., Scarsellato C., Sciulli A., De Marco F., Confortin L., Marin N., Lamonica M., Gialdino S., Borzi V., Gatta C., Rapisard R., Strano S., Calabro M., Puccio L., Zolli M., Coracina A., Starnone V., Del Buono A., Terracciano A. M., Monda M. V., Castro F., Guaglianone A., Maccari V., Corsi L., Versari G., Falivene M. R., Boletto N., Corsi S., Marafetti L., Vitacolonna E., Capani F., Caputo L., Di Nisio L., Simonetti F., Boscolo Bariga A., Ballarin G., De Boni S., Di Benedetto S., Chiambretti A. M., Di Vito L., Pascuzzo M. D., Urli P., Rumi P., Balzarini B., Galli P., Castellan M., Giannetti A., Russotti C., De Blasi A., Perna A., Campanelli C., Ranchelli A., Biccheri D., Dadi G., Massa L., Baldi G. P., Sciacca F., Costanzo E., Spada M., Paolini G., Ziller P., Portolan F., Pasolini G., Ghilardi G., Fiorina P., Grata M. L., Capretti L., Speroni G., Fugazza L., Massafra C., Lovagnini Scher A., Cimicchi M. 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Abstract

Background: Albuminuria has been classically considered a marker of kidney damage progression in diabetic patients and it is routinely assessed to monitor kidney function. However, the role of a mild GFR reduction on the development of stage ≥3 CKD has been less explored in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of kidney disease measures, namely albuminuria and reduced GFR, on the development of stage ≥3 CKD in a large cohort of patients affected by T1DM. Methods: A total of 4284 patients affected by T1DM followed-up at 76 diabetes centers participating to the Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists (Associazione Medici Diabetologi, AMD) initiative constitutes the study population. Urinary albumin excretion (ACR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) were retrieved and analyzed. The incidence of stage ≥3 CKD (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or eGFR reduction > 30% from baseline was evaluated. Results: The mean estimated GFR was 98 ± 17 mL/min/1.73m2 and the proportion of patients with albuminuria was 15.3% (n = 654) at baseline. About 8% (n = 337) of patients developed one of the two renal endpoints during the 4-year follow-up period. Age, albuminuria (micro or macro) and baseline eGFR < 90 ml/min/m2 were independent risk factors for stage ≥3 CKD and renal function worsening. When compared to patients with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and normoalbuminuria, those with albuminuria at baseline had a 1.69 greater risk of reaching stage 3 CKD, while patients with mild eGFR reduction (i.e. eGFR between 90 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) show a 3.81 greater risk that rose to 8.24 for those patients with albuminuria and mild eGFR reduction at baseline. Conclusions: Albuminuria and eGFR reduction represent independent risk factors for incident stage ≥3 CKD in T1DM patients. The simultaneous occurrence of reduced eGFR and albuminuria have a synergistic effect on renal function worsening.

Published
2018

50. Cross-species analysis of viral nucleic acid interacting proteins identifies TAOKs as innate immune regulators

Author

Pennemann, Friederike L., Mussabekova, Assel, Urban, Christian, Stukalov, Alexey, Andersen, Line Lykke, Grass, Vincent, Lavacca, Teresa Maria, Holze, Cathleen, Oubraham, Lila, Benamrouche, Yasmine, Girardi, Enrico, Boulos, Rasha E., Hartmann, Rune, Superti-Furga, Giulio, Habjan, Matthias, Imler, Jean-Luc, Meignin, Carine, and Pichlmair, Andreas

Subjects
Article, Interferons, Pattern recognition receptors, Virology, ddc
Published
2020

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