30 results on '"Lücken, Leonhard"'
Search Results
2. Resolving Collisions for the Gipps Car-Following Model
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Lücken, Leonhard
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Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems - Abstract
The Gipps car-following model is a widely used tool for studying and simulation traffic dynamics. Despite its popularity an often disregarded property is that under heterogeneous parametrization on the individual vehicles in the traffic flow, the model may produce collisions. This stands in crude contrast to the principle, from which the model was derived: drive as fast as possible while guaranteeing a safe headway in case that the leading vehicle starts braking hard. Indeed, Gipps proof for the model being collision-free only holds for ensembles of identical vehicles. In this work we examine the circumstances leading to collisions in heterogeneous ensembles and propose a natural model extension, which conveys the original models principles to situations, where collisions occur. For these cases we present analytical and numerical results on the stability of the equilibrium flow.
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- 2019
3. Emergence and combinatorial accumulation of jittering regimes in spiking oscillators with delayed feedback
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Klinshov, Vladimir, Luecken, Leonhard, Shchapin, Dmitry, Nekorkin, Vladimir, and Yanchuk, Serhiy
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Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems - Abstract
Interaction via pulses is common in many natural systems, especially neuronal. In this article we study one of the simplest possible systems with pulse interaction: a phase oscillator with delayed pulsatile feedback. When the oscillator reaches a specific state, it emits a pulse, which returns after propagating through a delay line. The impact of an incoming pulse is described by the oscillator's phase reset curve (PRC). In such a system we discover an unexpected phenomenon: for a sufficiently steep slope of the PRC, a periodic regular spiking solution bifurcates with several multipliers crossing the unit circle at the same parameter value. The number of such critical multipliers increases linearly with the delay and thus may be arbitrary large. This bifurcation is accompanied by the emergence of numerous "jittering" regimes with non-equal interspike intervals (ISIs). Each of these regimes corresponds to a periodic solution of the system with a period roughly proportional to the delay. The number of different "jittering" solutions emerging at the bifurcation point increases exponentially with the delay. We describe the combinatorial mechanism that underlies the emergence of such a variety of solutions. In particular, we show how a periodic solution exhibiting several distinct ISIs can imply the existence of multiple other solutions obtained by rearranging of these ISIs. We show that the theoretical results for phase oscillators accurately predict the behavior of an experimentally implemented electronic oscillator with pulsatile feedback.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The dynamical impact of a shortcut in unidirectionally coupled rings of oscillators
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Pade, Jan Philipp, Lücken, Leonhard, and Yanchuk, Serhiy
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Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,34C15, 34C25, 34C23, 34D06, 34D10, 37C75 - Abstract
We study the destabilization mechanism in a unidirectional ring of identical oscillators, perturbed by the introduction of a long-range connection. It is known that for a homogeneous, unidirectional ring of identical Stuart-Landau oscillators the trivial equilibrium undergoes a sequence of Hopf bifurcations eventually leading to the coexistence of multiple stable periodic states resembling the Eckhaus scenario. We show that this destabilization scenario persists under small non-local perturbations. In this case, the Eckhaus line is modulated according to certain resonance conditions. In the case when the shortcut is strong, we show that the coexisting periodic solutions split up into two groups. The first group consists of orbits which are unstable for all parameter values, while the other one shows the classical Eckhaus behavior.
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- 2015
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5. Multistable jittering in oscillators with pulsatile delayed feedback
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Klinshov, Vladimir, Lücken, Leonhard, Shchapin, Dmitry, Nekorkin, Vladimir, and Yanchuk, Serhiy
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Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,37G15, 37N20, 92B25 - Abstract
Oscillatory systems with time-delayed pulsatile feedback appear in various applied and theoretical research areas, and received a growing interest in the last years. For such systems, we report a remarkable scenario of destabilization of a periodic regular spiking regime. In the bifurcation point numerous regimes with non-equal interspike intervals emerge simultaneously. We show that this bifurcation is triggered by the steepness of the oscillator's phase resetting curve and that the number of the emerging, so-called "jittering" regimes grows exponentially with the delay value. Although this appears as highly degenerate from a dynamical systems viewpoint, the "multi-jitter" bifurcation occurs robustly in a large class of systems. We observe it not only in a paradigmatic phase-reduced model, but also in a simulated Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model and in an experiment with an electronic circuit.
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- 2015
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6. Classification of coupled dynamical systems with multiple delays: Finding the minimal number of delays
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Lücken, Leonhard, Pade, Jan Philipp, and Knauer, Kolja
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Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,34K17, 34K20, 37L15, 37L05 - Abstract
In this article we study networks of coupled dynamical systems with time-delayed connections. If two such networks hold different delays on the connections it is in general possible that they exhibit different dynamical behavior as well. We prove that for particular sets of delays this is not the case. To this aim we introduce a componentwise timeshift transformation (CTT) which allows to classify systems which possess equivalent dynamics, though possibly different sets of connection delays. In particular, we show for a large class of semiflows (including the case of delay differential equations) that the stability of attractors is invariant under this transformation. Moreover we show that each equivalence class which is mediated by the CTT possesses a representative system in which the number of different delays is not larger than the cycle space dimension of the underlying graph. We conclude that the 'true' dimension of the corresponding parameter space of delays is in general smaller than it appears at first glance.
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- 2013
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7. Reduction of Interaction Delays in Networks
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Lücken, Leonhard, Pade, Jan Philipp, Knauer, Kolja, and Yanchuk, Serhiy
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Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons - Abstract
Delayed interactions are a common property of coupled natural systems and therefore arise in a variety of different applications. For instance, signals in neural or laser networks propagate at finite speed giving rise to delayed connections. Such systems are often modeled by delay differential equations with discrete delays. In realistic situations, these delays are not identical on different connections. We show that by a componentwise timeshift transformation it is often possible to reduce the number of different delays and simplify the models without loss of information. We identify dynamic invariants of this transformation, determine its capabilities to reduce the number of delays and interpret these findings in terms of the topology of the underlying graph. In particular, we show that networks with identical sums of delay times along the fundamental semicycles are dynamically equivalent and we provide a normal form for these systems. We illustrate the theory using a network motif of coupled Mackey-Glass systems with 8 different time delays, which can be reduced to an equivalent motif with three delays.
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- 2012
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8. Two-cluster bifurcations in systems of globally pulse-coupled oscillators
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Lücken, Leonhard and Yanchuk, Serhiy
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Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems ,34C15, 34D06, 37N25 - Abstract
For a system of globally pulse-coupled phase-oscillators, we derive conditions for stability of the completely synchronous state and all possible two-cluster states and explain how the different states are naturally connected via bifurcations. The coupling is modeled using the phase-response-curve (PRC), which measures the sensitivity of each oscillator's phase to perturbations. For large systems with a PRC, which turns to zero at the spiking threshold, we are able to find the parameter regions where multiple stable two-cluster states coexist and illustrate this by an example. In addition, we explain how a locally unstable one-cluster state may form an attractor together will its homoclinic connections. This leads to the phenomenon of intermittent, asymptotic synchronization with abating beats away from the perfect synchrony., Comment: 12 pages. 6 figures
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- 2011
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9. Emergence of one- and two-cluster states in populations of globally pulse-coupled oscillators
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Lücken, Leonhard and Yanchuk, Serhiy
- Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems ,34C15, 34D06, 37N25 - Abstract
The subject of this paper is a system of phase-oscillators, which are globally pulse-coupled via excitatory interaction. The appearance and stability of one- and two-cluster-states is investigated for a family of unimodal phase-response-curves (PRC). The PRCs and their derivatives are assumed to be zero at the spiking point. We show that there exist stable homoclinic connections of the one-cluster state for PRCs with the maximum located shortly before the spiking point and coexisting stable two-clusters states when the maximum of the PRC is located shortly after the spike.
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- 2011
10. On the variation of the crash risk with the total number of bicyclists
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Lücken, Leonhard
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- 2018
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11. Reinforcement Learning-based Traffic Control: Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of Control Transitions
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Alms, Robert, Noulis, Aristeidis, Mintsis, Evangelos, Lücken, Leonhard, and Wagner, Peter
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reinforcement learning (RL) ,traffic management (TM) ,take-over request (ToR) ,Connected automated vehicles (CAV) ,transition of control (ToC) - Published
- 2022
12. Emergent Diversity and Persistent Turnover in Evolving Microbial Cross-Feeding Networks
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Lücken, Leonhard, primary, Lennartz, Sinikka T., additional, Froehlich, Jule, additional, and Blasius, Bernd, additional
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- 2022
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13. TransAID Deliverable 6.2/2 - Assessment of Traffic Management Procedures in Transition Areas
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Lücken, Leonhard, Schwamborn, Matthias, Mintsis, Evangelos, Koutras, Dimitris, Karagounis, Vasilios, Correa, Alejandro, Sepulcre, Miguel, Coll Perales, Baldomero, Thandavarayan, Gokulnath, Blokpoel, Robbin, Zhang, Xiaoyun, Huisken, Giovanni, Boerma, Steven, Maerivoet, Sven, Carlier, Kristof, Pápics, Péter, Ons, Bart, Tourwé, Stef, Banse Bueno, Olaf Angelo, and Schindler, Julian
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traffic simulation ,ns-3 ,communication simulation ,sumo ,iCS ,V2X ,Coupled simulation ,Design & Bewertung von Mobilitätslösungen, BA ,Kooperative Systeme, BS - Abstract
This Deliverable 6.2 of the TransAID project presents and evaluates the simulation results obtained for the scenarios considered during the project's first and second iterations. To this end, driver- and AV-models designed in WP3, traffic management procedures developed in WP4, and V2X communication protocols and models from WP5 were implemented within the iTETRIS simulation framework. Previous main results from Deliverable 4.2, where baseline and traffic management measures without V2X communication were compared, have been confirmed. While not all TransAID scenarios' traffic KPIs were affected, the realistic simulation of V2X communication has shown a discernible impact on some of them, which makes it an indispensable modelling aspect for a realistic performance evaluation of V2X traffic scenarios. Flaws of the first iteration's traffic management algorithms concerning wireless V2X communication and the accompanying possibility of packet loss were identified and have been addressed during the project's second iteration. Finally, lessons learned while working on these simulation results and assessments have additionally been described in the form of recommendations for the real-world prototype to be developed in WP7. We conclude that all results obtained for all scenarios when employing ideal communication confirmed the statistical trends of the results from the original TM scenarios as reported in Deliverable 4.2 where no V2X communication was considered. Furthermore, the performance evaluation of the considered scenarios and parameter combinations has shown the following, which held true in both the first and second iterations: (1) The realistic simulation of V2X communication has an impact on traffic scenarios, which makes them indispensable for a realistic performance evaluation of V2X traffic scenarios. (2) Traffic management algorithms need to account for sporadic packet loss of various message types in some way. (3) Although important, the realistic modelling and simulation of V2X communication also induces a significant computational overhead. Thus, from a general perspective, a trade-off between computation time and degree of realism should be considered.
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- 2021
14. TransAID Deliverable 4.3 (second iteration): Translation of traffic management measures to iCS, scale-up, and wider deployment
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Maerivoet, Sven, Carlier, Kristof, Pápics, Péter, Alms, Robert, Flötteröd, Yun-Pang, Lücken, Leonhard, Mintsis, Evangelos, Karagounis, Vasilios, Koutras, Dimitrios, Wijbenga, Anton, Vreeswijk, Jaap, Correa, Alejandro, Zhang, Xiaoyun, Blokpoel, Robbin, and Schindler, Julian
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TraCI ,SUMO ,iCS ,Kooperative Systeme, BA ,TransAID ,Kooperative Systeme, BS - Abstract
This deliverable explains how simulations of both the baseline (WP3) and the traffic management schemes (WP4) can be ported from the SUMO simulation environment (with the help of the TraCI interface and Python scripts) to the iCS environment (using the C++ language).We first gave an explanation on how to set up the creation of a traffic management application in the context of the iCS. Details were given on how to prepare the development of an application, based on the source code in the repository. We also explained the interactions between the iCS, SUMO, ns-3, and the various applications, using subscriptions and the exchange of messages.To this end, the TransAID version of the iTETRIS platform defined in WP6 includes a basic application known as baseAppthat manages the exchange of information between the applications and the iCS modules. The application developed for the different services of the TransAID project will inherit form this baseAppand extend the functionality with the traffic management procedures defined in WP4. In order to develop these applications,a new branch (transaid-apps) is added to the git repository. Note that all TransAID applications developed share the same baseApp. Hence, commits to the baseApp should be strictly separated from thecommits to the TransAID applications in development. Changes to the baseApp as well as other iTETRIS modules like iCS or ns-3 should be integrated into the transaid-dev branch. When porting the traffic management code from the WP4 to the WP6 environments, we need to make sure that the same logic is preserved. In order to guarantee this, all applications implemented in the use cases should create test suites, similarly as described in Deliverable D6.1. We use the same testing framework, called TextTest. Tests are created in the transaid-apps branch of the repository, separated for each use case individually. All tests are stored in the transaid/TransAIDScenarios/tests/scenariosfolder. All relevant data pertaining to a specific use case (i.e. SUMO networks, configuration files, ...) are copied to the relevant scenario in the tests folder. Just as before, the testing concept employed by TextTest is to compare expected output of an entire program run with actual output (output files or stdout and stderr). However, here we need to be a bit more careful and considerate of the complexity involved with comparing the various iCS traffic management applications to their previously created SUMO counterparts.We explain this via a method of aggregate quantities, rather than explicitly comparing time-space diagrams.A more detailed comparison of simulation outputs would be to use detector measurements and/or explicit vehicle trajectories, create time-space diagrams from these (of average speeds or flows), and then compare these with each other and define whether or not the deviation is significant. However, even though this type of analysis would certainly allow us to detect deviations in the time-space plane (e.g.,congested areas that may appear/disappear as artefacts, ...), it would be out of scope. In addition, such analyses have not been done widespread before, as they are also difficult to interpret, and still require some aggregation in order to test these 'automatically'.
- Published
- 2020
15. TransAID Deliverable 3.2: Cooperative maneuvring in the presence of hierarchical traffic management (2nd iteration)
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Mintsis, Evangelos, Lücken, Leonhard, Schindler, Julian, Rondinone, Michele, Correa, Alejandro, Coll Perales, Baldomero, Koutras, Dimitris, Karagounis, Vasilios, Porfyri, Kallirroi N., Mitsakis, Evangelos, and Maerivoet, Sven
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V2V ,Cooperative Automated Driving ,Cooperative Maneuvring ,Design & Bewertung von Mobilitätslösungen, BA ,TransAID ,Kooperative Systeme, BS - Abstract
This present document is Deliverable D3.2 entitled "Cooperative manoeuvring in the presence of hierarchical traffic management", which was prepared in the context of the WP3 framework of the TransAID project. The scope of this document encompasses the modelling and simulation of cooperative manoeuvring in the context of the microscopic traffic simulation activities conducted within TransAID. Initially, the state of the art in the domain of cooperative manoeuvring is provided and then two different cooperative manoeuvring frameworks are introduced. The first one is a decentralized framework where cooperative manoeuvring is solely based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, while the second one is a centralized framework that utilizes vehicle-toanything (V2X) communications. A work zone scenario is used to elaborate on the operation of the centralized approach. The logic for simulating the decentralized approach in the microscopic traffic simulator SUMO is subsequently introduced along with the corresponding functionalities that were developed within SUMO for this purpose. Cooperative manoeuvring is coupled with hierarchical traffic management by explaining how the decentralized approach can be integrated in the traffic management plans that were developed for each use case examined in the context of TransAID. Cooperative manoeuvring is coupled with traffic separation in SUMO and a timeline of cooperative manoeuvring actions in the simulation is presented. Coupling with communications is also addressed. Moreover, adaptations to the driver-vehicle models encompassing communication requirements are proposed to enable integration in iTETRIS. Finally, recommendations for finetuning of driver-vehicle models in simulation are provided based on the findings of the real-world prototype experiments.
- Published
- 2020
16. TransAID Deliverable 3.1 - Modelling, simulation and assessment of vehicle automations and automated vehicles' driver behaviour in mixed traffic - iteration 2
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Mintsis, Evangelos, Koutras, Dimitris, Porfyri, Kallirroi, Mitsakis, Evangelos, Lücken, Leonhard, Erdmann, Jakob, Flötteröd, Yun-Pang, Alms, Robert, Rondinone, Michele, Maerivoet, Sven, Carlier, Kristof, Zhang, Xiaoyun, Blokpoel, Robbin, Harmenzon, Martijn, and Boerma, Steven
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transition areas ,imperfect driving ,Automated driving ,Bewertung des Verkehrs ,microsimulation ,Fahrzeugfunktionsentwicklung - Published
- 2019
17. SUMO User Conference 2019
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Akyol, Görkem, Alekszejenkó, Levente, Alms, Robert, Althoff, Matthias, Anvari, Bani, Arnold, Lukas, Aswakul, Chaodit, Banijamali, Ahmad, Barthauer, Mirko, Behrisch, Michael, Bieker-Walz, Laura, Bonne, Jean-Benoît, Braun, Anna, Bruining, Rinze, Busch, Fritz, Chraibi, Mohcine, Chucholowski, Frederic, Codeca, Lara, Dobrowiecki, Tadeusz P., Dragoi, Octav, Driesch, Patrick, Eissa, Mostafa, Erdağı, İsmet Gökşad, Erdmann, Jakob, Flötteröd, Yun-Pang, Grigoropoulos, Georgios, Grohmann, Lukas, Hafner, Alexander, Heisig, Philipp, Hendriks, Martin, Horsuwan, Thanapapas, Härri, Jérôme, Höttger, Robert, Jeroschewski, Sven Erik, Kaths, Heather, Kaths, Jakob, Keler, Andreas, Klischat, Moritz, Koutras, Dimitrios, Kristan, Johannes, Krol, Jakub, Lenz, Gernot, Lot, Robert, Lücken, Leonhard, Mintsis, Evangelos, Mon, Ei Ei, Nitsche, Philippe, Ochiai, Hideya, Porfyri, Kallirroi N., Prikryl, Jan, Richter, Gerald, Sachweh, Sabine, Saivichit, Chaiyachet, Schott, Benedikt, Schramm, Dieter, Sevcik, Jakub, Silgu, Mehmet Ali, Trumpold, Jan, Vullings, Erik, Wagner, Peter, Weber, Thomas, Wesemeyer, Daniel, and Çelikoğlu, Hilmi Berk
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traffic simulation ,simulation coupling ,SUMO Vehicle Device ,smart mobility ,gridlock ,Bicyclists ,Velocity profile prediction ,Automation ,behaviour modelling ,traffic modelling ,intelligent traffic control systems ,traffic flow simulation ,Transition of control ,capacity of train stations ,state estimation ,Parking optimization ,Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ,driver model ,Mobility ,software architecture ,large-scale emergency evacuation ,Coupled simulators ,Large-scale Mobility Scenario ,driving performance ,motion planning ,takeover ,Interoperability ,simulation ,Reinforcement Learning ,traffic light control ,crossing scheduling ,Adaptive Cruise Control ,vehicle simulation ,Emissions ,autonomous vehicles ,Car-following model ,IoT ,Bicycle Traffic Simulation ,gridlock detection ,Smart Cars ,Road Surface Conditions ,urban road network ,Automated connected vehicles ,self-organizing traffic ,partial observability ,Overhead wires ,traffic and crowd Simulation ,pedestrian simulation ,Pedestrian traffic ,traffic signal co-ordination ,Traffic Management ,Connected Vehicles ,platooning ,traffic congestion ,traffic signal optimization ,crisis management ,Bicycle Infrastructure Modelling ,Simulation of Urban Mobility ,Infrastructure ,Circuit Network Solver ,Vehicular Communication ,driving simulator ,Electrification of Public Transport ,Adaptive Traffic Control ,Vehicles ,multiagent simulation platform ,Bicycle simulator ,SUMO ,automated vehicles ,Car2X ,Hybrid Trolleybus - Published
- 2019
18. TransAID Deliverable 6.2 - Assessment of Traffic Management Procedures in Transition Areas
- Author
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Lücken, Leonhard, Schwamborn, Matthias, Maerivot, Sven, Mintsis, Evangelos, Dimitrios, Koutras, Correa, Alejandro, Sepulcre, Miguel, Coll Perales, Baldomero, Blokpoel, Robbin, Huisken, Giovanni, and Schindler, Julian
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traffic simulation ,ns-3 ,Bewertung des Verkehrs ,communication simulation ,sumo ,iCS ,V2X ,Coupled simulation ,Fahrzeugfunktionsentwicklung - Abstract
This Deliverable 6.2 of the TransAID project presents and evaluates the simulation results obtained for the scenarios considered during the project's first iteration. To this end, driver- and AV-models designed in WP3, traffic management procedures developed in WP4, and V2X communication protocols and models from WP5 were implemented within the iTETRIS simulation framework. Previous main results from Deliverable 4.2, where baseline and traffic management measures without V2X communication were compared, have been confirmed. While not all scenarios' traffic KPIs were affected, the realistic simulation of V2X communication has shown a discernible impact on some of the TransAID traffic scenarios, which makes it an indispensable modelling aspect for a realistic performance evaluation of V2X traffic scenarios. Flaws of the proposed traffic management algorithms concerning wireless V2X communication and the accompanying possibility of packet loss have been identified and will be addressed during the project's second iteration. Finally, lessons learned while working on these simulation results and assessments have additionally been described in the form of recommendations for the real-world prototype to be developed in WP7.
- Published
- 2019
19. TransAID Deliverable 3.2: Cooperative maneuvring in the presence of hierarchical traffic management
- Author
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Mintsis, Evangelos, Schindler, Julian, Lücken, Leonhard, Koutras, Dimitrios, Rondinone, Michele, Maerivoet, Sven, Porfyri, Kallirroi N., and Mitsakis, Evangelos
- Subjects
transition areas ,SUMO modelling ,hierarchical traffic management ,maneuvring ,automated driving ,transition of control ,Fahrzeugfunktionsentwicklung - Abstract
This present document is Deliverable D3.2 entitled 'Cooperative manoeuvring in the presence of hierarchical traffic management', which was prepared in the context of the WP3 framework of the TransAID project. The scope of this document encompasses the modelling and simulation of cooperative manoeuvring in the context of the microscopic traffic simulation activities conducted within TransAID. Initially, the state of the art in the domain of cooperative manoeuvring is provided and then two different cooperative manoeuvring frameworks are introduced. The first one is a decentralized framework where cooperative manoeuvring is solely based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, while the second one is a centralized framework that utilizes vehicle-toanything (V2X) communications. The logic for simulating the decentralized approach in the microscopic traffic simulator SUMO is subsequently introduced along with the corresponding functionalities that were developed within SUMO for this purpose. Cooperative manoeuvring is coupled with hierarchical traffic management by explaining how the decentralized approach can be integrated in the traffic management plans that were developed for each use case examined in the context of TransAID. Cooperative manoeuvring is coupled with traffic separation in SUMO and a timeline of cooperative manoeuvring actions in the simulation is presented. Coupling with communications is also addressed. Moreover, adaptations to the vehicle/driver models, that were developed to replicate the behaviour of cooperative and automated vehicles (CAV), are proposed based on the findings of the real-world prototype experiments. Finally, focus on the centralized approach in terms of development of relevant SUMO functionalities, and integration within the TransAID traffic management plans will be placed during the second project iteration.
- Published
- 2019
20. MAVEN Deliverable 7.2: Impact Assessment - Technical Report
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Pribyl, Ondrej, Matowicki, Michal, Blokpoel, Robbin, Schindler, Julian, Leich, Andreas, Lücken, Leonhard, Trumpold, Jan, Hoadley, Suzanne, Rondinone, Michele, Vreeswijk, Jaap, Prikryl, Jan, and Wesemeyer, Daniel
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Datenerfassung und Informationsgewinnung ,safety ,Systemfunktionsentwicklung ,impact assessment ,GLOSA ,platooning ,Cooperative automated driving ,co2 reduction ,Fahrzeugfunktionsentwicklung - Abstract
This deliverable focuses on an important topic within the MAVEN project - evaluation of the project impact. This is an important step that will allow us to say what the results and impact of the different technologies, functionalities as well as assumptions are. It covers different dimensions of the impact assessment as stated in the Deliverable D7.1 - Impact assessment plan [10]. The field tests proved that the technology in the vehicle works together with the infrastructure and the solution is technically feasible. This was demonstrated also during particular events and is reported in the attached test protocols. At the same time, the emulation and simulation in Dominion software proved the functionality, for example with respect to the cooperative perception or safety indicators. The tests also proved that the key performance indicator "minimum time to the collision" decreases when applying the cooperative sensing. Also, the number of human interventions needed was zero in all the tests. This deliverable also discussed selected results of a detailed user survey aiming at understanding the expected impacts and transition of automated vehicles. The overall number of respondents reached 209. The responses have revealed some interesting facts. For example, over 80% of the respondents believe that CAVs will decrease the number of traffic accidents. Similarly, about 70% of the respondents expect improvements in traffic congestions. Over 82% of respondents declared that they would accept some detour when driving if it helps the overall traffic situation. The literature review, however, indicated that autonomous vehicles will have either a positive or a negative effect on the environment, depending on the policies. For example, opening cars as a mode of transport to new user groups (seniors, children etc.) together with improvements of the traffic, flow parameters can increase the traffic volume on roads. Policy makers shall focus on the integration of the CAVs into a broader policy concept including car or ride-sharing, electromobility and others. In order to evaluate the transition, for example, the influence of different penetration rates of CAVs on the performance, a microscopic traffic simulation was performed. Here the particular MAVEN use cases, as well as their combination, was addressed. The results of the simulation are rather promising. The potential for improvements in traffic performance is clearly there. It was demonstrated that a proper integration of CAVs into city traffic management can, for example, help with respect to the environmental goals (Climate Action of the European Commission) and reduce CO2 emissions by up to 12 % (a combination of GLOSA and signal optimization). On corridors with a green wave, a capacity increase of up to 34% was achieved. The conclusions from this project can be used not only by other researchers but mainly by traffic managers and decision-makers in cities. The findings can get a better idea about the real impacts of particular use cases (such as green wave, GLOSA and others) in the cities. An important added value is also the focus on the transition phase. It was demonstrated that already for lower penetration rates (even 20% penetration of automated vehicles), there are significant improvements in traffic performance. For example, the platooning leads to a decrease of CO2 emissions of 2,6% or the impact indicator by 17,7%.
- Published
- 2019
21. Enhanced Traffic Management Procedures in Transition Areas
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Maerivoet, Sven, Wijbenga, Anton, Vreeswijk, Jaap, Mintsis, Evangelos, Koutras, Dimitris, Zhang, Xiaoyun, Blokpoel, Robbin, Correa Villa, Alejandro, Lücken, Leonhard, Alms, Robert, and Flötteröd, Yun-Pang
- Subjects
Systemfunktionsentwicklung ,Traffic Management ,V2X ,automated vehicles ,Verkehrsmanagement ,Car2X ,TransAID - Abstract
In light of the increasing trend towards vehicle connectivity and automation, there will be areas and situations on the roads where high automation can be granted, and others where it is not allowed or not possible. These are termed "Transition Areas". Without proper traffic management, such areas may lead to vehicles issuing take-over requests (TORs), which in turn can trigger transitions of control (ToCs), or even minimum-risk manoeuvres (MRMs). In this respect, the TransAID Horizon 2020 project develops and demonstrates traffic management procedures and protocols to enable smooth coexistence of automated, connected, and conventional vehicles, with the goal of avoiding ToCs and MRMs, or at least postponing/accommodating them. Our baseline simulations confirmed that a coordinated distribution of takeover events can prevent a drop in traffic efficiency, which in turn leads to a more performant, safer, and cleaner traffic system, when taking the capabilities of connected and autonomous vehicles into account.
- Published
- 2019
22. TransAID Deliverable 4.2 - Preliminary Simulation and Assessment of enhanced traffic management measures
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Maerivoet, Sven, Akkermans, Lars, Carlier, Kristof, Flötteröd, Yun-Pang, Lücken, Leonhard, Alms, Robert, Mintsis, Evangelos, Koutras, Dimitris, Wijbenga, Anton, Vreeswijk, Jaap, Correa, Alejandro, Zhang, Xiaoyun, Blokpoel, Robbin, and Schindler, Julian
- Subjects
Transition Areas ,Traffic Management ,Bewertung des Verkehrs ,SUMO ,Automated Vehicles ,Microscopic Traffic Simulation ,Fahrzeugfunktionsentwicklung ,Transition of Control - Published
- 2019
23. TransAID Deliverable 2.2: Scenario definitions and modelling requirements
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Wijbenga, Anton, Mintsis, Evangelos, Vreeswijk, Jaap, Correa, Alejandro, Lücken, Leonhard, Schindler, Julian, Rondinone, Michele, Maerivoet, Sven, Akkermans, Lars, Carlier, Kristof, Mayeres, Inge, Mitsakis, Evangelos, Sepulcre, Miguel, and Markowski, Robert
- Subjects
transition areas ,connected automated driving ,infrastructure-support ,Bewertung des Verkehrs ,scenarios ,Fahrzeugfunktionsentwicklung - Abstract
In D2.1 five services have been described encompassing multiple use cases and scenarios. In this Deliverable 2.2, 5 scenarios are selected, one for each service, and worked out in more detail. The detailed timelines of the scenarios are provided describing what exactly is the sequence of events in the scenario and what the effect of the measures, which being developed in WP4, should be. Also, the simulation networks for each of the scenarios have been created and their specification is documented in this deliverable. Furthermore, the requirements for the simulations have been specified, ranging from several vehicle (type) models to the traffic composition, demand and vehicle mixes. For the second iteration of the project, 5 new or extended scenarios have been selected based on findings from the first iteration. Those findings are also used to update the overall simulation requirements and parameters (i.e. definition of actors, traffic composition, demand and vehicle/driver models). Finally, based on insights from the first iteration, several questions have been formulated which will be used during several surveys (e.g. digital polls or paper surveys during events; interviews with experts). The goal is to gain insights into legal implications, (expected) driver and/or automated vehicle behaviour and infrastructure specific aspects with respect to automated vehicles.
- Published
- 2019
24. TransAID Deliverable 9.4: TransAID Symposium
- Author
-
Maerivoet, Sven, Carlier, Kristof, Pápics, Péter, Flötteröd, Yun-Pang, Alms, Robert, Schindler, Julian, Lücken, Leonhard, Mintsis, Evangelos, Wijbenga, Anton, Vreeswijk, Jaap, Correa, Alejandro, Lu, Meng, and Rondinone, Michele
- Subjects
Systemfunktionsentwicklung ,connected automated driving ,Transition Areas ,Bewertung des Verkehrs ,transition of control ,survey ,Fahrzeugfunktionsentwicklung - Abstract
This report describes the organisation and outcome of the TransAID Symposium, held in Paris, France, on 9 June 2019, in conjunction with the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV 2019), one of the major annual conferences of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society (ITSS). In light of dissemination and obtaining stakeholder knowledge, TransAID bundled its resources with a large existing IV 2019 event to ensure a higher probability of attracting people to the workshop. As the audience of our workshop (which targeted technologies for cooperative and automated road transport) constituted a mix of academia, researchers, and industry, we were able to foster the interactive exchange between all these parties. The contents of the workshop comprised survey questions posed via the Mentimeter platform, invited speakers, and oral-paper presentations (which were thematically put into the two categories, of Connected and Automated driving, as well as security-related aspects of Cooperative ITS). Each time, an interactive discussion with the audience ensued, providing further insights into the authors' points of view. The survey results revealed that about half of the participants came from academia. Interestingly, a large group was in favour of foreseeing areas where automated driving should not be allowed, thereby directly confirming that TransAID's research questions and approach are sound and sensible. A very high proportion of the participants also spoke out towards OEMs, asking them to explain the limitations of their automated vehicles. In addition, connectivity was perceived as a mandatory requirement for Level 3 or higher automated vehicles. To conclude, a discussion followed some of the results related to the question whether (connected) automated vehicles would be allowed to break the law. This was seen as moderately acceptable when optimisation of the traffic stream was called for, but definitely for the purpose of increasing traffic safety.
- Published
- 2019
25. TransAID Deliverable 6.1 - An integrated platform for the simulation and the assessment of traffic management procedures in Transition Areas
- Author
-
Lücken, Leonhard, Mintsis, Evangelos, Correa, Alejandro, Maerivoet, Sven, Akkermans, Lars, Carlier, Kristof, Mayeres, Inge, Flötteröd, Yun-Pang, Behrisch, Michael, and Schindler, Julian
- Subjects
traffic simulation ,ns-3 ,Bewertung des Verkehrs ,communication simulation ,sumo ,iCS ,V2X ,Coupled simulation ,Fahrzeugfunktionsentwicklung - Published
- 2018
26. TransAID Deliverable 4.1 - Overview of Existing and Enhanced Traffic Management Procedures
- Author
-
Maerivoet, Sven, Akkermans, Lars, Carliers, Kristof, Mayeres, Inge, Flötteröd, Yun-Pang, Alms, Robert, Lücken, Leonhard, Mintsis, Evangelos, Wijbenga, Anton, Vreeswijk, Jaap, Correa, Alejandro, and Zhang, Xiaoyun
- Subjects
transition areas ,Systemfunktionsentwicklung ,Bewertung des Verkehrs ,Traffic management ,automated driving ,Fahrzeugfunktionsentwicklung - Published
- 2018
27. TransAID Deliverable 2.2 - Scenario definitions and modelling requirements
- Author
-
Wijbenga, Anton, Mintsis, Evangelos, Vreeswijk, Jaap, Correa Villa, Alejandro, Lücken, Leonhard, Schindler, Julian, Rondinone, Michele, Maerivot, Sven, Akkermans, Lars, Mayeres, Inge, Mitsakis, Evangelos, Sepulcre, Miguel, and Markowski, Robert
- Subjects
transition areas ,Bewertung des Verkehrs ,Automated driving ,takeover ,scenario definition ,Fahrzeugfunktionsentwicklung ,use case definition - Published
- 2018
28. Crash Rate Estimation by Aerial Image Analysis
- Author
-
Kornfeld, Nils, Lücken, Leonhard, Leich, Andreas, Wagner, Peter, and Hoffmann, Ragna
- Subjects
Datenerfassung und Informationsgewinnung ,Bewertung des Verkehrs ,Crash Rate Prediction ,Unfallprognosemodell - Abstract
Aerial images potentially contain a wealth of information relevant to the prediction of road safety if they could be thoroughly analyzed in great numbers. Coincident with the widespread availability of satellite and aerial images, machine learning algorithms for image processing and automatic object detection and classification are maturing. This allows the automated processing of huge amounts of image data by artificial neural networks (ANNs) or related machine learning systems - an area in which convolutional neural networks have shown a significant improvement over conventional methods. In the submitted work initial results on the application of machine learning on aerial images are presented. The goal is to determine an estimation of road safety levels. ANNs were trained to predict crash frequencies for road intersections relying merely on aerial images of the intersections. The used data consists of police recorded crashes in the city of Berlin and aerial images provided by the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development. The performance of the ANN suggests that the line of research is worth further pursuit. For instance, the trained ANN was able to predict the presence of crashes on intersections in a Berlin district excluded from the training process with an accuracy of approximately 74%.
- Published
- 2018
29. SUMO 2018: Simulating Autonomous and Intermodal Transport Systems
- Author
-
Wießner, Evamarie, Lücken, Leonhard, Hilbrich, Robert, Flötteröd, Yun-Pang, Behrisch, Michael, Bieker-Walz, Laura, and Erdmann, Jakob
- Subjects
Verkehrssimulation ,Optimierung ,Modellierung - Published
- 2018
30. Desynchronization boost by non-uniform coordinated reset stimulation in ensembles of pulse-coupled neurons
- Author
-
Lücken, Leonhard, primary, Yanchuk, Serhiy, additional, Popovych, Oleksandr V., additional, and Tass, Peter A., additional
- Published
- 2013
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