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In ad 1362, a major storm surge drowned wide areas of cultivated medieval marshland along the north‐western coast of Germany and turned them into tidal flats. This study presents a new methodological approach for the reconstruction of changing coastal landscapes developed from a study site in the Wadden Sea of North Frisia. Initially, we deciphered long‐term as well as event‐related short‐term geomorphological changes, using a geoscientific standard approach of vibracoring, analyses of sedimentary, geochemical and microfaunal palaeoenvironmental parameters and radiocarbon dating. In a next step, Direct Push (DP)‐based Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) and the Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) were applied at vibracore locations to obtain in situ high‐resolution stratigraphic data. In a last step, multivariate linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was successfully applied to efficiently identify different sedimentary facies (e.g., fossil marsh or tidal flat deposits) from the CPT and HPT test dataset, to map the facies' lateral distribution, also in comparison to reflection seismic measurements and test their potential to interpolate the borehole and CPT/HPT data. The training dataset acquired for the key site from coring and DP sensing finally allows an automated facies classification of CPT/HPT data obtained elsewhere within the study area. The new methodological approach allowed a detailed reconstruction of the local coastal landscape development in the interplay of natural marsh formation, medieval land reclamation and storm surge‐related land losses., Presenting a new approach of automated facies identification based on palaeoenvironmental parameter (PEP) analyses of vibracores, Direct Push‐based Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) and the Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT) sensing data, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and seismic measurements, gradual as well as extreme landscape changes associated with major storm surges in ad 1362 and ad 1634 are reconstructed for a study area in the Wadden Sea of North Frisia (Germany). image, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659, Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005930

The Late Bronze Age (LBA) tsunami and the A.D. 365 tsunami are supposed to have affected the northern coasts of Crete. However, near-coast sedimentary archives have been rarely investigated in this area, and sedimentary archives including palaeotsunami fingerprints are still unknown. The main objective of our research was to search for appropriate tsunami sediment traps in order to gain detailed insights into the Holocene palaeotsunami history of northern Crete. We found an excellent fine sediment archive near Pirgos, located to the west of Rethymnon. Based on a multi-electrode geoelectrical survey and an 11-m-deep sediment core, we analysed the event-geochronostratigraphical record by means of sedimentological, geochemical, geochronological, geomorphological, and microfossil investigations. The Pirgos record revealed a thick unit of homogeneous mud of a lagoonal environment starting ~6000 years ago. The lagoon was affected by five high-energy events, leaving layers of allochthonous sand. Microfossil analyses of these layers revealed a mixed foraminiferal assemblage including species from brackish habitats but also displaced and transported species from open marine and deep-water environments. Considering sedimentary characteristics, the local wave climate of the Cretan Sea, and the overall geomorphological setting, we interpret these layers as related to extreme wave events (EWE). Based on a local radiocarbon age-depth-model, we identified one EWE layer as a reliable candidate for the LBA Santorini tsunami. Another EWE layer is most probably associated with the A.D. 365 tsunami. This EWE ended abruptly the lagoonal conditions at Pirgos because of to the 1.64 m coseismic uplift at the site. The Pirgos lagoon existed between the first half of the 6th mill. B.C. and (at least) the end of the 2nd mill. B.C. We found that the area around Pirgos has continuously subsided over 3000 or so years, reflecting constant tectonogeomorphological conditions dominated by the nearby subduction zone between the Aegean and African plates.