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BackgroundKernel row number (KRN) is an important yield component trait with a direct impact on the productivity of maize. The variability in KRN is influenced by the inflorescence meristem size, which is determined by the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL pathway. A CLAVATA receptor-like protein, encoded by the FASCIATED EAR2 (fea2gene), enhances the growth of inflorescence meristem and is thus involved in the determination of KRN. The amplicon sequencing-based method was employed to dissect the allelic variation of the fea2 gene in tropical field corn.Methodology/principal findingAmplicon-based sequencing of AI 535 (Low KRN) and AI 536 (High KRN) was undertaken for the gene fea 2 gene that codes for KRN in maize. Upon multiple sequence alignment of both sequences, A to T transversion at the 1311 position was noticed between Low KRN and High KRN genotypes resulting in different allelic forms of a fea2 gene in tropical maize. An allele-specific primer 1311 fea2.1 was designed and validated that can differentiate High and Low KRN genotypes.Conclusion/significanceMaize has high variability for KRN and is exemplified by the wide values ranging from 8-26 KRN in the maize germpalsm. The sequence-based approach of SNP detection through the use of a specific primer facilitated the detection of variation present in the target trait. This makes it possible to capture these variations in the early generation. In the study, the PCR-based differentiation method described for the identification of desirable high KRN genotypes would augment the breeding programs for improving the productivity of field corn.

The most common kind of developing odontogenic cysts are dentigerous cysts. They frequently push impacted teeth into ectopic locations by encircling the crown of the tooth. The mandibular third molar, maxillary canine, mandibular premolar, and maxillary third molar are the teeth that are most commonly afflicted, in decreasing order. Although these cysts are more prevalent in men, they can also occur in children and teenagers, especially in the second and third decades of life. Dentigerous cyst-related teeth in the maxilla frequently cause root dilatation in the mandibular area, permanent tooth bud displacement close to the sinus, and cortical bone enlargement, sometimes, even up to the level of the orbit or floor of the nose. Clinically, these cysts do not cause any symptoms and are frequently found by chance during radiographs done to look into cases of primary teeth that are retained, teeth that are missing, teeth that erupt slowly, or orthodontic issues. Cone-beam computed tomography's advent has just made it possible to shed fresh, extensively documented light on diagnostic and treatment approaches. Protocol for management: Surgery is typically used to treat dentigerous cysts. In this instance, the affected tooth underwent endodontic therapy, after which the cyst was curettaged, a further apicoectomy was performed, and canine impaction was completed. In the end, a bone graft and platelet-rich fibrin were implanted for rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid solution of Barium Zirconium titanate [NiFe2O4; NF] and [BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3; BZT] and nickel ferrite with different mol% fractions of x(NiFe2O4)-(1−x)BaZr0.15Ti0.85O3 (where x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) (abbreviated as NB-0.03, NB-0.05, NB-0.07, NB-0.1, NB-0.2, NB-0.3, NB-0.4) was synthesized via a cost effective solid-state technique. Phase identification and basic structural symmetry of the samples were determined by analyzing powder X-ray diffraction data. It reveals that the samples have a tetragonal structure along with the cubic spinel ferrite phase. The diffraction peaks shifted slightly to the side of greater angle side and average crystallite size was computed by Scherer’s formula in range of 26–29 nm. Since ferrite’s compositional fluctuation is less than 1% for the compositions (x = 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4), the overall crystal phase is dominated by perovskite phase which was further confirmed by room temperature Raman spectra. At room temperature (300 K), the magnetic hysteresis loop measurements also showed a significant improvement in the magnetization of NB-0.40 composite has the maximum observed saturation magnetization = 29.25emu/g and 20.34emu/g at 5 and 300 K, respectively. The calculated magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (Ms), remanence (Mr) and coercivity (Hc), showed increased values for some NiFe2O4 doped BZT samples. Thus, it has been assumed that this sample could be utilized to enhance the magnetoelectric coupling for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In previous studies, we found that quetiapine activates the AKT signaling which further inhibits the action of GSK3β. Quetiapine has been reported to possess neuroprotective potential in schizophrenia and other neurodegenerative models. Method: On day 1st and 3rd, rats received bilateral intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of STZ (3 mg/kg). From day 8 to day 21 of treatment of quetiapine, a GSK3‐β inhibitor and neuroprotective medication, was given at dose levels of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/i.p. Morris water maze and Object recognition test was performed for the evaluation of cognitive impairment, whereas biochemical, histopathological, neuroinflammatory were evaluated by hippocampal and cortical brain region on 22nd day. Result: ICV‐STZ results in cognitive impairment, spatial and non‐special learning deficit in OFT, MWM and ORT tests respectively, including elevation in the levels of nitrite and MDA and decreased antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD and Catalase levels, also produced degenerative changes in dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2 and CA3 region of hippocampus as well as cortex in rat brains. Whereas, Quetiapine treatment significantly attenuated STZ‐induced cognitive deficit, oxidative stress and improved density of surviving neurons in hippocampal/cortical region of rat brains. Conclusion: The conclusive outcomes of the present study, clearly indicate neuroprotective potential of quetiapine in neurodegenerative pathogenesis associated with cognitive dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) comprises a set of breathing disturbances when the individual is asleep due to partial or complete upper airway obstruction. SDB has a wider range from mild to extreme, snoring is the mild form, while obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a severe form. OSA is characterized by the partial or complete cessations of breathing (hypopnea, apnea), leading to the disruption of normal sleep and oxygen desaturation. Oral health diseases are major public health concern due to considerable functional impairment, reduced quality of life, and costly treatment. Cumulative evidence supports link between systemic diseases and oral health diseases. Children with SDB have several oral manifestations including tonsillar hypertrophy, narrow dental arches, macroglossia, malocclusion and mouth breathing, daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, and dry mouth. Dry mouth leads to decreased salivary function, increased plaque accumulation and bacterial colonization. These factors predispose to higher risk of dental caries, periodontal disease, and poor oral health. Poor oral health has a negative impact on quality of life. Pediatric medical and dental providers should take required steps to treat such problems. The aim of this poster is to highlight the oral health problems faced by the children suffering from SDB and importance of dentist's role in recognition of children who snore, breathe through their mouth instead of nose, and frequently suffer from headaches at school. Dentists can help the patients of sleep disorders by early diagnosis and possible treatment options as we have the ability to improve patient's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Evaluation and comparison of solubility, pH, and calcium ion release of calcium-silicate based root-end filling materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and biodentine. Methodology: The total sample size for the study was 120. Sixty samples were for solubility of MTA and biodentine and sixty for pH and calcium ion release of MTA and biodentine. MTA and biodentine were added to sixty stainless steel ring molds. The mass of 60 dried glass bottles was measured. Shifting of samples to bottles containing 5 mL of distilled water was done and was stored for 24 h. The bottles were dried at 105°C and weighed. This procedure was repeated for 3, 10, 30, and 60 days. Data obtained for solubility were analyzed with independent t-test. Sixty polyethylene tubes 1 mm long were filled with MTA and biodentine and placed in lidded flasks containing 10 mL distilled water and were preserved in an oven at 37°C. After 2 h, the flasks were removed from hot air oven, and the water was assessed for pH and calcium ion release. pH readings were performed with an pH Meter. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for the detection of calcium ion release. Preservation of the tubes containing the cements was done in new flasks containing 10 mL of distilled water for further detection of pH and calcium ion release in the different time periods of 6, 24 h and 7, 28 days, respectively. Data were analyzed with independent t-test. Results: Significantly higher solubility was exhibited for biodentine for 30 and 60 days than MTA. Statistical difference was observed between the solubility, pH, and calcium ion release values of MTA and biodentine. Conclusions: Biodentine exhibited higher solubility, pH, and calcium ion release in comparison with MTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Root canal preparation leads to deviation of the canal anatomy causing canal transportation which affects the success of the treatment. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a non invasive imaging technique to analyse the shape of the root canal before and after the preparation. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the canal transportation in curved mandibular molar root canals and centering ability of Reciproc and One Shape file systems after instrumentation using CBCT. Materials and Methods: Twenty mandibular molars were taken and allocated into two groups (n=10): Group 1-One Shape and Group 2-Reciproc. The canals were then scanned using CS 3D CBCT scanner (Carestream) before and after preparation, to assess the transportation and centering values at different levels respectively from the apex. The data gathered were then assessed statistically with Mann-Whitney test. Results: Analysis revealed that Reciproc and One Shape showed statistically no significant difference in terms of canal transportation and centering ability (p>0.05). Conclusion: One shape and Reciproc performed similar in terms of canal transportation & centering ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]