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This research is a structural study that focuses on describing the syntactic categories and the types of Japanese onomatopoeia that taken from advertising pamphlets of commercial food and beverage products. The data analysis method that applied in this research is the intralingual pairing method. Some of the theories that used are the theory of syntactic categories from Ikuhiro and Lawrence (1998) as well as from Kaori (2006), the theory of onomatopoeia types from Kaori (2006) and the theory of sentence analysis through phrase structure trees from Tsujimura (1996). From the analysis that have done, it was found about 78 data, including 33 different onomatopoeias that appearing in 68 sentences on 48 digital pamphlets of commercial products from various brands. Based on syntactic categories, Japanese onomatopoeia can be categorized as verb, adjective, noun and adverb with particles and affixes as the marker that are quite diverse. Based on the type, Japanese onomatopoeia in digital pamphlets can be classified as giongo, giseigo, gitaigo, giyougo and also gijougo, with gitaigo is the most dominant type of onomatopoeia that used in digital pamphlets of food and beverages.

Mandalika is an Indonesian tourist destination notable for sports tourism, as a result of the construction of the Mandalika circuit as an infrastructure for various international events to be held. Moreover, Mandalika also contains natural and cultural resources that can be explored. Therefore, it is categorized as one of the 5 Super Priority Destinations and is still being developed to attract domestic and international visitors. This research analyses relational processes found in five selected Mandalika tourism texts uploaded on the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy website under the Systemic Functional Linguistics point of view. Based on the data acquired in this study, a qualitative method is used. Based on the analysis, each clause broadly reflects Mandalika’s features, but the participants involved have different ways of describing each feature. In addition, the dominance of identifying relational processes in intensive clauses (33%) highlights the most prominent elements of Mandalika, providing readers with the greatest recommendations to enjoy throughout their vacation to Mandalika.

Indigenous knowledge on shifting mountainous farm management of Arfak farmers is the original culture of Arfak people, held firm passed down to generations. This can be seen in the agricultural activities of Arfak farmers who are still applying indigenous knowledge to this day. Modernization can affect the existence and can also be a threat to the indigenous knowledge of Arfak farmers. The low level of education of farmers, the oral transfer of indigenous knowledge and the absence of written documentation of indigenous knowledge are the causes of indigenous knowledge being swept away in the flow of modernization. Apart from that, the existence of indigenous knowledge is increasingly threatened by the development of plantations and urban areas. Especially the increasing demand for land for plantations, infrastructure, settlements and mining. Based on data from the West Papua Agriculture Service, in 2017 plantation development reached 53,806 ha and mining reached 89,256 ha in the Arfak Mountains. Agricultural modernization and industrialization will certainly reduce shifting cultivation and the value of indigenous knowledge. The high biodiversity makes Arfak Mountains a conservation area and makes this region a center of highland vegetable production in West Papua. In 2021, agricultural sector contributed 33.61% to growth Arfak Mountains Gross Regional Domestic Product. This study aims to describe how Arfak farmers apply their indigenous knowledge, namely the concept of igya ser hanjob in managing land to support sustainable agricultural activities. This research uses qualitative approach with inductive methods and case study techniques to document the knowledge and experience Arfak farmers selected with the snowball technique. Data was collected through interviews and observations. This study found that sustainable land management in agricultural activities is based on the ecological concept of the Arfak people, namely igya ser hanjob. This concept regulates appropriate management areas for agriculture and ensures environment sustainability and family food. This ecological concept was socialized for generations Arfak farming family. However, in reality there is a threat of landslides in agricultural areas due to socio-economic and ecological changes in mountainous farming are of Arfak community.

Rice is the most important staple food in the world, and its management is therefore of vital importance. Rice management of the people of Kasepuhan Sinarresmi, Sukabumi Regency West Java, Indonesia is symbolized in cultural practices of farming. Little attention has been paid to the rice metaphor in farming rituals that reveal the cognition of people in rice management. This article, therefore, aims to elucidate the farming ritual that reveals the cognition of the people of Kasepuhan Sinarresmi in dealing with rice. With a qualitative method in nature, the data were collected from observations and interviews with the leader of the kasepuhan. Being one of the ethnicities in Indonesia, Sundanese people in Kasepuhan Sinarresmi have demonstrated their cultural practices that worship rice and its goddess, Dewi Sri. Dewi Sri is believed to provide a good life and an abundant rice crop for the people. Some research claims that cognition affects behavior, and in the same notion we argue that the cognition of the people of Kasepuhan Sinarresmi manifested and constructed in the farming ritual influences the way the people treat rice that yields in rice metaphor. Implementing this, the people of this kasepuhan manage to be self-sufficient in rice.

This study expounds how the analysis of move and transitivity in the method, result, and discussion sections contributes to the advancement of novice writers' writing skills by providing a writing pattern applied when composing research articles. To this aim, a qualitative approach with descriptive technique is employed to encapsulate and explain the phenomena being studied. The data are the method, result, and discussion sections of research articles (RAs) drawn from top tier journals categorized as language and linguistics and analyzed based on macro structure (move and steps) and micro structure (transitivity). The results indicate that 11 moves and 38 steps discovered, in detail, these consist of three moves and 15 steps in method, four moves and 10 steps in result, and four moves and 13 steps in discussion. As for the successions of the move steps, few inter-move step shifts observed. This is in contrast with the outer-move step shifts that commonly occurred. Meanwhile, the outcomes of the transitivity analysis suggest that there are six processes revealed including material, relational, verbal, mental, existential, and behavioral consecutively with material dominating and behavioral the fewest. The results of the present study may supplement the teaching materials reside in English for a research purpose.

UMKM bermanfaat pada meningkatnya daya beli masyarakat dan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat, serta untuk mempromosikan budaya dan tempat wisata yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan negara pada sektor tersebut. Salah satu pelaku UMKM Semarangan yang merintis usaha di awal tahun 2023 memiliki ide yang cukup kreatif dan inovatif dalam mendesain produk souvenir semarangan dan mendapat respon positif dari pasar. Namun, keterbatasan modal membuat variasi produk terbatas serta kurangnya pemanfaatan digital marketing membuat usaha ini kurang dikenal. Untuk itu, tim pengabdi berupaya memberikan pendampingan yang meliputi, (1) strategi diversifikasi produk meliputi, (2) strategi getok tular elektronik. Produk dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah desain-desain diversifikasi produk, tampilan baru sosial media dari UMKM, meliputi Whatsapp business, Instagram, Shopee, Tiktok, dan website UMKM. Dengan begitu, UMKM akan semakin dikenal oleh masyarakat melalui produk yang dihasilkan.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici and C. gloesporium on chili is a disease that can reduce chili yields up to 80%. Control with fungicide has not been able to provide maximum results, because Colletotrichum can spread due to splashing of water, especially in the rainy season. The use of antagonistic fungi against Colletotrichum spp. has been widely published but is still limited to the laboratory and greenhouse scale, while field conditions are unpredictable. This study aims to identify the potency of Trichoderma viride that can be used as a biofungicide to control anthracnose in chili and to determine aspects of agronomic that can reduce the risk of anthracnose in chili. Samples of infected plants of stems, leaves, and fruits were collected from experimental farm of Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Design and Randomized Complete Block Design. The percentage of disease intensity of the fungus C capsici and the intensity of anthracnose in chili both under screen house and open fields. While testing the effect of cultivation aspects using different types of fertilizer on plant height, fruit weight, number of fruits, and the percentage of disease intensity of Colletotrichum spp. were analyzed. The results of this study shown that four isolates of fungi have been identified such as Penicillium sp., Aspergillus flavus, T. viride, and C. capsici. In vitro analysis shown the ability of T. viride to suppress the growth of the C. capsici up to 71%. The fungus T. viride with a density of 7×106 CFU/mL can suppress the development of anthracnose by 59 to 87% under screen house conditions. However, under field conditions, the fungus T. viride was not able to suppress the development of anthracnose. Agronomic aspects such as plant height, number of fruits and production, and productivity of chili were not significantly effect on anthracnose.

In recent years, violence against women and children has markedly increased in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Numerous cases underscore a significant potential for sexual violence against children, particularly those enrolled in non-formal education institutions. This pressing issue necessitates a thorough examination of current implementation practices, the identification of existing constraints, and the formulation of prospective criminal policies aimed at protecting children from sexual violence in these educational settings. This study utilises a socio-legal framework with a normative-empirical approach, drawing on data from Bantul Regency and Yogyakarta City. It also critically reviews pertinent regulatory frameworks and implementation practices within this context. Findings indicate that both preventive and repressive measures have been enacted to combat sexual violence against children, primarily through the empowerment of law enforcement officials and related government officers at the district, city, and provincial levels. However, the effectiveness of preventive measures is impeded by current regulations and prevailing social norms. Future initiatives to protect children from sexual violence in non-formal education institutions should prioritise non-penal approaches, including the enhancement and harmonisation of the Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence legislation at both national and regional levels. Furthermore, it reveals that local government agencies have yet to establish effective coordination mechanisms to promote better norms for preventing sexual violence in these institutions. Enhancing community empowerment and bolstering the coordination and roles of stakeholders will be pivotal in mitigating the stigma faced by child victims of sexual violence.

This research explores Indonesia’s legal policy on the ASEAN Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in Criminal Matters (AMLAT) and its implications for law reform in the enforcement of cross-border crime in Southeast Asia. AMLAT plays a critical role in facilitating legal cooperation among ASEAN member states in criminal matters, addressing challenges posed by transnational crimes such as human trafficking, drug smuggling, and cybercrime. Despite its significance, Indonesia faces legal and procedural gaps in aligning its domestic legal framework with AMLAT provisions, creating obstacles in efficient criminal law enforcement across borders. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on Indonesia’s unique legal challenges and reform needs in the context of AMLAT, an area that has received limited scholarly attention. While previous studies have explored AMLAT’s role at a regional level, this research specifically investigates the legal and policy issues within Indonesia and how they affect broader ASEAN cooperation on cross-border crime. The urgency of this research is underscored by the increasing prevalence of transnational crimes in Southeast Asia, exacerbated by advancements in technology and globalization. A more robust legal framework is crucial for Indonesia to effectively collaborate with ASEAN members in combating these crimes. The contribution of this study is twofold. First, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of Indonesia’s legal policy on AMLAT, highlighting key areas for legal reform. Second, it offers practical recommendations for policymakers to strengthen Indonesia’s role in regional legal cooperation, ensuring more effective cross-border crime enforcement in Southeast Asia.

The banking industry plays a crucial role in driving the Indonesian economy. Therefore, any financial upheaval within this sector would have a significant influence on the overall economy. Hence, this study examines the capital composition of banking institutions in Indonesia to assess the financial soundness of the banks. A bank’s susceptibility to default will adversely affect client confidence in the bank. This study investigates the influence of governance attributes, such as board size, board meeting frequency, risk committee presence, institutional ownership, and independent committee existence, on the capital structure of Indonesian banks. 31 samples were intentionally chosen using purposeful sampling. Data estimation was performed using a two-step Arellano-Bond Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. The findings suggest that the bank risk committee, institutional ownership, and independent committee exert a notable and favorable influence on the capital structure of banks in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the size of the board and the frequency of board meetings do not exert a substantial impact. The size of the board and the use of leverage have no substantial impact. Developing efficient corporate governance procedures is essential for ensuring the bank’s financial stability. This involves maximizing the effectiveness of the risk committee, institutional ownership, and independent committee. AcknowledgmentThis paper is funded by PPM-PTM Grants of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of 2023 (03/SP2H/RT-MONO/LL4/2023).

Background Dentocraniofacial asymmetry is a common condition that affects many individuals. Accurate diagnosis of this condition is essential for effective treatment planning. Aim This study aimed to compare the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial asymmetry using two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic of the Dental Hospital Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia from March to April 2023. The study included 15 patients who had not undergone orthodontic treatment and were diagnosed with dentocraniofacial asymmetry. The study compared the results of diagnosing asymmetry in 15 different facial features, including the anterior nasal spine, upper and lower first incisors, pterygomaxillary fissure, orbita, menton, porion, upper and lower first molars, coronoid process, gonion, zygoma, latero nasale, and jugulare. Results The study found that there was no significant difference in the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry between the two- and three-dimensional methods across all 15 parameters measured. The researchers used Fisher's Exact Test to compare the proportion between dependent variables and found that the p-value was greater than 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference in the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry between the two methods. The study also used Kappa Cohen analysis to measure the strength of agreement between the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods on each parameter. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that both two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods are equally effective in diagnosing dentocraniofacial asymmetry. This information may be useful for orthodontists in deciding which method to use when diagnosing dentocraniofacial asymmetry.

The issue of this research is that many pencak silat matches in Indonesia still use manual calculations in several dis-tricts/regencys, then the calculation data is inputted into the system. This will take a lot of time, so the pencak silat match schedule spends a lot of time. The data used is the number of parties at the Sleman Regency Student Pencak Silat Championship in 2023. This research aims to find calculations to maximize the number of parties/matches/match numbers per day in a martial arts match. The method that can be used is the Preemptive Multiple Bounded Knapsack Problem (PMBKP). PMBKP involves distributing the quanti-ty of different types of items to a group of knapsacks with their respective priorities and capacity limits. The PMBKP results obtained in the 2023 Sleman District Pencak Silat Championship problem using the Branch and Bound algorithm are 175 parties on the first day, 133 parties on the second day, 128 parties on the third day, 127 parties on the fourth day, and 72 parties on the fifth day. These results can be said to be effective if applied to pencak silat matches that aim to nurture achievements, such as introductions and district/regency level matches. Keywords: Pencak Silat, Competition, Sports Schedule

Thematic progression can be applied as one of the techniques to analyse whether the paragraphs written are coherent or not. To this end, the present study scrutinized six English final reports written by the sixth semester students learning at an academy of secretary in Indonesia. The data originated from the six final reports were identified, parsed, analysed, and interpreted using qualitative approach with descriptive analysis related to theme and thematic progression patterns of systemic functional linguistics. Moreover, this was equipped by descriptive statistics showing the sum of data evaluated. The results of deciphering the data supported the claim that thematic progression can be administered as an alternative in seeing the coherence of students' writing work. This manifested by ninety-five percent of the paragraphs jotted down utilized thematic progressions and the clauses developed them formed theme patterns, hence they were coherent. The most encountered thematic progression was zigzag, as for the theme pattern, the unmarked topical structure dominated. These results indicated that the secretary academy students whose works investigated proven capable of writing final reports in English. From the overall findings, there are some steps to consider, especially in the field of writing final reports resides in secretarial academies. First, this study demonstrates how the theme patterns and their thematic progressions can be used as an instrument to see whether the addressed paragraphs are coherent or not. This, in turn, can assist lecturers, teachers, and instructors of language to determine whether the students need to be given some enrichment or not. Second, from this, it can be taken some measures to 'nurture' supervisors in terms of theme and thematic progression patterns before assigned to supervise the students while writing the final reports in the context of secretarial academies. Finally, the sixth semester students learning in academies of secretary can be introduced to the process of writing in which the theme and thematic progression discussion employed as the focus of the learned materials. This, at the end, might give contribution to the enhancement of their paragraph writing. [Note: The volume number (10) shown in the header of the PDF is incorrect. The correct volume number is 16.]

This study employs a case study approach in the Batu City Region, East Java Province, Indonesia. Over time, Batu City has undergone a significant transformation, particularly in the tourism sector, leading to the growth of a large service industry. This study aims to propose a comprehensive development strategy for the Batu City area integrating economic, social, and environmental elements into the spatial layout of Batu City, with the ultimate goal of establishing an environmentally friendly Tourism City. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats analysis and analytic hierarchy process were employed to assess data from interviews, questionnaires, and agency sources. The stages of analysis are as follows: 1) data collection, 2) analysis, and 3) strategic prioritizing. This study recommends the main priority strategy for the development of a sustainable environmentally friendly tourism city is committing to implementing the principles of sustainable urban development and environmentally friendly tourism citiy through Regional Regulations. Considering the unique attributes of each city, such us their economy, resources, policies, and environment, among other factors, this paper considers contextual relevance issues. By doing so, it assists cities in developing sustainable cities based on their own strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Department of Culture and Tourism in Bandung harnesses the power of its official Instagram account, @disbudpar.bdg, to promote the city’s diverse tourist attractions and cultural richness. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the various topics presented on the account that showcase the multifaceted nature of Sundanese culinary traditions. The researchers collected culinary information from 642 posts on Instagram feeds, resulting in 118 data points considering various cuisines, both traditional and modern. The focus of this study is on 86 data points related to traditional meals and beverages in 2022. Employing van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis within the micro-structure theory, the descriptive qualitative method was used for the analysis. The findings reveal four distinct classifications of topics related to culinary diversity. They are the diversity of traditional Sundanese meals (66 data), the diversity of traditional Sundanese beverages (2 data), restaurants offering traditional foods and beverages (16 data), and ingredients for traditional pastries (2 data). Additionally, the analysis uncovers the use of interrogative sentences, declarative sentences, and lexical choices that effectively support and describe the promotion of culinary diversity as a prominent tourist attraction in Bandung. Interrogative sentences engaged followers, declarative sentences provided factual insights, and diverse lexical choices enticed readers to appreciate Bandung’s culinary offerings.

Background Dentocraniofacial asymmetry is a common condition that affects many individuals. Accurate diagnosis of this condition is essential for effective treatment planning. Aim This study aimed to compare the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial asymmetry using two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic of the Dental Hospital Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia from March to April 2023. The study included 15 patients who had not undergone orthodontic treatment and were diagnosed with dentocraniofacial asymmetry. The study compared the results of diagnosing asymmetry in 15 different facial features, including the anterior nasal spine, upper and lower first incisors, pterygomaxillary fissure, orbita, menton, porion, upper and lower first molars, coronoid process, gonion, zygoma, latero nasale, and jugulare. Results The study found that there was no significant difference in the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry between the two- and three-dimensional methods across all 15 parameters measured. The researchers used Fisher's Exact Test to compare the proportion between dependent variables and found that the p-value was greater than 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference in the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry between the two methods. The study also used Kappa Cohen analysis to measure the strength of agreement between the diagnosis of dentocraniofacial symmetry of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods on each parameter. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that both two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods are equally effective in diagnosing dentocraniofacial asymmetry. This information may be useful for orthodontists in deciding which method to use when diagnosing dentocraniofacial asymmetry.

The study intends to see the interlanguage morphological structure observed in communicative tasks of ten Indonesian learners of English as a Foreign Language. To achieve this purpose, Qualitative method with quantified data is employed in this study embracing the cross-sectional approach. The data are taken from the utterances produced by 10 (ten) L2 learners who performed three different communicative tasks; semi-structure interviews, 5 picture descriptions, 2 spot differences. The researcher found 356 English morphological structures produced by the learners, and 66 of them are analysed as data samples the analysis is started by profiling their morphological acquisition. It helps the researcher to provide a vivid picture of their English morphological development stage. After analysing the data, the result shows that the English morphological structures produced by the L2 learners in this study are divided into three types: Suppliance, non-suppliance and over-suppliance structures. Suppliance structure refers to structure that is received by grammatical rules in standard English. Meanwhile, the other two types of structure refer to idiosyncratic structures as an innate characteristic of interlanguage morphology. Besides, English morphological development stage is compatible with the Processability Theory (PT). The learners who have acquired higher morphological structure also have already acquired lower morphological structure.

Abstract Nanomaterials, specifically metal nanoclusters (NCs), are gaining attention as a promising class of antibacterial agents. Metal NCs exhibit antibacterial properties due to their ultrasmall size, extensive surface area, and well-controlled surface ligands. The antibacterial mechanisms of metal NCs are influenced by two primary factors: size and surface charge. In this review, we summarize the impacts of size and surface charge of metal NCs on the antibacterial mechanisms, their interactions with bacteria, and the factors that influence their antibacterial effects against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, we highlight the mechanisms that occur when NCs are negatively or positively charged, and provide examples of their applications as antibacterial agents. A better understanding of relationships between antibacterial activity and the properties of metal NCs will aid in the design and synthesis of nanomaterials for the development of effective antibacterial agents against bacterial infections. Based on the remarkable achievements in the design of metal NCs, this review also presents conclusions on current challenges and future perspectives of metal NCs for both fundamental investigations and practical antibacterial applications. Graphical Abstract

The basic concept of Islamic education has emerged along with the emergence of Islam in the world. The Qur'an as a source of knowledge became a different motivator for Muslim intellectuals in the Middle age, so Islam developed rapidly in the century. Along the times, many basic concepts of Islamic education were born; one was from K.H Hasyim Asy'ari: a Kiai and a big figure in the freedom fight. By referring to the Qur'an and Hadith, he emphasized that the basis of Islamic education aims to create perfect humans. He described the concept of Islamic education clearly in several of his books. This study uses a qualitative method of library research, which aims to describe the basic idea of Islamic education from the perspective of K.H Hasyim Asy'ari, which is widely revealed in several of his books, one of them is Adabul 'Alim wa Muta'allim. Library research is the study research that utilizes library data as a data source. Thus, to find out in detail his concept of education, which is focused on not only religious education such as the study of the interpretation of the Qur'an, hadith, ushuluddin, books of the madhhab fiqh, nahwu, Musharraf, and material that discusses Sufism but also studies general, adapted to the times.

This research aims to give empirical evidence of the impact of independent corporate governance organ's busyness on earnings quality and market mispricing. This research utilized a sample of non-financial firms. It investigated the effect of independent corporate governance organ's busyness on earnings management and earnings persistence using random-effect panel data regression. Furthermore, the Mishkin Test was used to investigate market mispricing. The results showed that the busyness of independent commissioners and independent audit committees had a positive effect on increasing the magnitude of earnings management and a negative impact on the persistence of the accrual component but did not cause market confusion in assessing the company's earnings components. Furthermore, it was discovered that the degree of independent director's business did not influence the magnitude of earnings management. Instead, it resulted in poor persistence of the accrual component and market uncertainty in assessing earnings components.

Abstract Tropical peatlands are globally significant in the terrestrial carbon cycle as they are comprised of a large forest carbon sink and a large peat carbon store—both of which can potentially be exchanged with the atmosphere on decadal time frames. Greenhouse gas emissions from fire-disturbance and development of tropical peatlands over the last few decades, and the potential for ongoing emissions, highlights the need for policy to slow or halt emissions and to activate mechanisms to sequester carbon through restoration of degraded peatlands. The UN REDD + scheme provides a means for developing countries to receive payments for avoided deforestation and forest degradation, but the steps to achieve REDD+ compliance are rigorous and the details required can be a barrier to activating benefits—especially for peatlands where repeated cycles of fire interrupt forest recovery and create a range of recovery classes. Therefore, to improve estimates of peat fire emissions and of carbon balance of tropical peatlands, the biomass and combustion factor parameters need to be developed and applied according to forest recovery stage. In this study we use published activity data from the extensive 1997 fires in the peatlands of Indonesian Borneo to detail a transparent and accountable way to estimate and report emissions from tropical peatland fires. This example for estimating and reporting emissions is provided to assist REDD+ countries to efficiently develop their capacity for improving emissions estimates from fire-impacted tropical peatlands.

This company focuses on operating and managing container depots that provide empty container handling services. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the effect of safety and health and work environment on employee performance at this container depot. The method used in this study is a quantitative method, involving 30 respondents using a saturated sampling technique and using a questionnaire measuring instrument (Likert scale) and library research. As well as data analysis using SPSS Version 27 with study methods multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, hypothesis testing using T test and F test. The results of the analysis show that there is a significant positive influence between safety and occupational health and work environment on employee performance with the existence of a multiple linear line equation with a value of Y = 1.860 + 0.367X1 + 0.599X1. The results of hypothesis testing obtained by tcount X1 8.523 and X2 10.160 > ttable 2.048. While the simultaneous test Fcount 57.638> Ftable 3.35. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, there is a positive and strong influence of 81% and 19% is influenced by other factors that are not included in this study.

This study aims to analyze 1) the effect of PhET Gene Expression on students' conceptual understanding and 2) students' perceptions of the Gene Expression Essentials simulation. The research method used was Quasi Experiment with a quantitative approach. The research design used a one-group pretest-posttest design. In the treatment phase, students learned using gene expression simulations from PhET simulations. Data on students' understanding of concepts were obtained from tests and perceptions using a questionnaire. Data analysis used the t-test with the help of SPSS 23 and descriptively. The Paired sample t-Test analysis results showed that the significance was 0.000

Graph theory is a branch of algebra that is growing rapidly both in concept and application studies. This graph application can be used in chemistry, transportation, cryptographic problems, coding theory, design communication network, etc. There is currently a bridge between graphs and algebra, especially an algebraic structures, namely theory of graph algebra. One of researchs on graph algebra is a graph that formed by prime ring elements or called prime graph over ring R. The prime graph over commutative ring R (PG(R))) is a graph construction with set of vertices V(PG(R))=R and two vertices x and y are adjacent if satisfy xRy={0}, for x≠y. Girth is the shortest cycle length contains in PG(R) or can be written gr(PG(R)). Order in PG(R) denoted by |V(PG(R))| and size in PG(R) denoted by |E(PG(R))|. In this paper, we discussed prime graph over cartesian product over rings Z_m×Z_n and its complement. We focused only for m=p_1, n=p_2 and m=p_1, n=〖p_2〗^2, where p_1 and p_2 are prime numbers. Then, we obtained some properties related to order and size, degree, and girth. We also observe some examples. Moreover, we found that a correction in the statement of (Pawar & Joshi, 2019) about the complement graph over prime graph over a ring and gave a counter example for that.

This article aims to determine how the development, feasibility, effectiveness, and practicality of virtual field trip (VFT)-based learning models strengthen students’ digital literacy. The research was conducted in three Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) areas of South Jakarta, Bogor (West Java), and Kediri (East Java). The trial was conducted for students (sixth-grade students) in each school in one class. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with research and development (R&D) methods, according to Borg & Gall. Research data on the application of the model were obtained through observation, tests, and questionnaires, while data analysis was carried out through average and percent scores. This development research obtained a model design from VFT-based learning steps. Based on the results of the trial revealed that (1) the model met the Feasible criteria shown by the assessment of experts and practitioners with an excellent category; (2) the model met the Effective criteria shown by the average results of strengthening digital literacy with an excellent category, and the average results of positive responses to the implementation of learning with Agree/Happy criteria, as well as the achievement of student learning outcomes from the three trial classes obtained a percentage increase above 5%; (3) the model met the Practical criteria shown by the implementation of learning through VFT and the teacher’s ability to manage the learning with an excellent category. The research results briefly state that the VFT-based learning model developed can reinforce students’ digital literacy.

The evaluation of the diversity in the cowpea local varieties (CLVs) allows the efficient use of genetic resources for cultivar development. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity of CLVs based on observation of morphological characteristics and to identify the relationship among morphological traits and potential varieties as donor genes to improve yield potential. The CLVs were collected from five provinces in Indonesia during 2017–2018. The evaluation of the performance of CLVs’ morphological characteristics was carried out in the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research from March to July 2019. The observed data were 43 agronomic characters which consist of qualitative and quantitative characters. There is a high variation in stem pigmentation and seed color in 214 CLVs. There were nine qualitative characters with no variation. Most quantitative characters showed significant variation among CLVs. The clustering of 214 CLVs results in five clusters in which some CLVs maintain valuable characteristics that could be used in the breeding program. The number of pods per plant, number of racemes per plant, and 100 seed weight were useful for indirect selection in the yield improvement. Based on the genotype by trait biplot, the CLV 112, 191, and 111 could be used as donor parents for seed size improvement and the CLV 169 could be used as a donor parent for the yield potential improvement in the cowpea breeding program. Four cowpea genotypes can be recommended for commercial release or used as potential breeding material in cowpea cultivar development programs. The new findings of this study could provide a basis for the genetic improvement of cowpea.

Bidara Laut (Strychnos lucida R.Br.) has the potential as a medicinal plant in West Nusa Tenggara, but its cultivation encountered many challenges. Mount Tunak, Natural Tourism Park, had similar environmental conditions to the natural habitat of Strychnos lucida and was selected as the location for planting trials. Given the dry climate, high temperature, and soil fertility limitations, the trials applied soil amendments, such as hydrogel, mycorrhizae, mulch, and fertilizer, to enhance the growth. This research aimed to investigate the effects of soil amendments on the survival rate of Strychnos lucida. This research used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and one control. The treatments included applying five grams of hydrogel, five grams of mycorrhizae, 1 m x 1 m of plastic mulch, and a combination of all three. The research used 15 replication blocks, each with an area of 450 m2 and a spacing of 3 m x 3 m. Each block included ten replication plants (in total 750 plants), and the trial lasted 19 months. The results showed an insignificant growth increase after 19 months of planting in all treatments. There were improvements in survival rate, height growth, and diameter growth by 25%, 85%, and 25%, respectively.

Abstract. Palm fibers waste as the side-product from palm oil process can potentially be used as raw material for making green (biodegradable) wet wipes. It is proven that palm fiber contains cellulose by 87,3% of the results of cellulose analysis. Palm leaves are considered sufficiently as antibacterical agent due to containing the high-concentration polyphenol. This research aims to comprehend to process making wet wipes from palm fiber, then be combined with palm leaves extract as antibacterical agent. Pulp, made from palm fiber, is separated to two parts, with-bleaching sample and unbleaching sample. bleaching sample needs three times bleaching with 120 mL H2O2 with a constan temperature of 70oC. The results of tissues with bleaching are stronger because the lignin content is reduced so that it is easy to bond with each other. The best bleaching tissue samples were obtained from the 7th experiment with a composition of 60 g palm fiber, 1,5 g tapioca, 1 g of PVA, 3 g chitosan, 10 mL of VCO. The characteristics of this bleaching tissue are bound cellulose, flexible textured paper, smooth texture, stronger when exposed to water, can absorb ethanol. This biodegradables wet wipes pH test obtained 2 results, namely with pH paper and Ph meters of 7 and 7,29, respectively. Biodegradable wet wipes irritation test conducted on 4 volunteers showed no signs of irritation. Keywords: Palm Fiber, Wet Wipes, Biodegradable, Antibacterical, Palm leaves, Ethanol.

Tujuan pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan bola voli yang dimodifikasi terhadap kadar hormon Insuline-like growth factor-1. Metode yang digunakan The Randomized Pretest-Posttest Group Design dengan Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik rumus oleh Higgins dan Kleinbaum, dengan hasil 20 subjek. Selanjutnya subjek ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dan di bagi kedalam kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen diberikan intervensi modifikasi permainan bola voli dan kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan. Darah diambil 24 jam sebelum intervensi olahraga dan 24 jam setelah intervensi. Modifikasi permainan bola voli dilakukan selama 6 minggu dengan 3x intervensi dalam 1 minggu. Hasil data serum di analisis dengan SPSS 25. Hasil dari uji One Way Anova kelompok modifikasi dengan kelompok control menunjukkan nilai p value yaitu 0,000. Sedangkan pada uji Paired Sample T-Test untuk tes awal dan tes akhir pada kelompok modifikasi permainan bola voli nilai p value yaitu 0,000. Hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan ada pengaruh menggunakan modifikasi permainan bola voli terhadap anak prepubertas.

Logged-over natural forest has a different stand structure and composition from primary natural forest due to logging activities. This study aimed to examine forest dynamics (upgrowth, ingrowth, and mortality) of the logged-over forest in PT. Tunas Timber Lestari (TTL) Papua in both stands with and without treatments. The data used in this study were based on the measurement in the Permanent Measurement Plots (PUP) for ten years. This study grouped data into five diameter classes of 10 cm intervals and three wood species groups (meranti timber, mixed timber, and non-commercial timber). Data analysis was carried out by forming a stand structure model and calculating the rate of ingrowth, upgrowth, and mortality. The stand structure model for each species group in stands with treatment had a significant R² value compared to those without treatment. The average ingrowth rate in the stands with treatment was smaller than without treatment. The values of upgrowth varied with the increase in diameter classes for both stands with and without treatments. The mortality rate in stands without treatment tended to be higher, especially in mixed timber and non-commercial timber groups. In contrast, in the meranti timber group, the mortality rate mostly occurred in the stands with treatment. The stand structure models resulting in this study can be used as important information in determining appropriate silvicultural options for forest stands. Keywords: Forest dynamics, logged-over forest, meranti, selective logging

Investment cannot be separated from the level of return and risk inherent in assets. Today, investment instruments are not only stocks, currencies, bonds, deposits, savings and others. The beginning of Bitcoin’s emergence as a pioneer of Cryptocurrency was in 2009. Crypto assets are emerging rapidly and are accompanied by an increase in the number of transactions each period. The growth in the market capitalization value of crypto assets has also grown significantly. During COVID-19, many investments, such as stocks, experienced a decline due to market uncertainty. The results of this study prove that with the existence of COVID-19, the crypto market is not affected. Crypto is an attraction characterized by a high degree of fluctuation, and there is no limit to transactions in the open market 24 hours to trade. The Cryptocurrency market is currently a market that can provide short-term benefits to risk-taking investors, while the market in other investment instruments is declining. 78% of the value capitalization of the top 200 cryptocurrencies is represented by the top 9 cryptos used as samples in this study. So that if there is a decrease in these 9 cryptos, it will also have an impact on the overall capitalization value of crypto in the market. The future development of Cryptocurrencies will no longer be digital assets traded with many speculators who can control prices, it can even be digital money that can be used worldwide without any transaction fees and is controlled on a blockchain system.

Chinmaya Mutalik,1,2 I-Hsin Lin,3 Dyah Ika Krisnawati,4 Siti Khaerunnisa,5 Muhamad Khafid,6 Widodo,7 Yu-Cheng Hsiao,1,8– 10 Tsung-Rong Kuo1,2 1International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; 2Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; 3School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; 4Dharma Husada Nursing Academy, Kediri, Indonesia; 5Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 6Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; 7College of Information System, Universitas Nusantara PGRI, Kediri, Indonesia; 8Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; 9Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; 10Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USACorrespondence: Yu-Cheng Hsiao; Tsung-Rong Kuo, Tel +886-2-66382736 ext. 1359 ; +886-2-27361661 ext. 7706, Email ychsiao@tmu.edu.tw; trkuo@tmu.edu.twAbstract: Across the planet, outbreaks of bacterial illnesses pose major health risks and raise concerns. Photodynamic, photothermal, and metal ion release effects of transition metal-based nanocomposites (TMNs) were recently shown to be highly effective in reducing bacterial resistance and upsurges in outbreaks. Surface plasmonic resonance, photonics, crystal structures, and optical properties of TMNs have been used to regulate metal ion release, produce oxidative stress, and generate heat for bactericidal applications. The superior properties of TMNs provide a chance to investigate and improve their antimicrobial actions, perhaps leading to therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss three alternative antibacterial strategies based on TMNs of photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and metal ion release and their mechanistic actions. The scientific community has made significant efforts to address the safety, effectiveness, toxicity, and biocompatibility of these metallic nanostructures; significant achievements and trends have been highlighted in this review. The combination of therapies together has borne significant results to counter antimicrobial resistance (4-log reduction). These three antimicrobial pathways are separated into subcategories based on recent successes, highlighting potential needs and challenges in medical, environmental, and allied industries.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: transition metals, nanocomposites, photodynamic, photothermal, metal ion release, antibacterial mechanisms

Website JOY Indonesia merupakan media untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait kegiatan JOY serta digunakan sebagai media promosi untuk menjangkau anggota baru dan tetap terhubung dengan para-alumni. Salah satu faktor ketertarikan pengguna untuk mengakses website dan menjadi ciri khas adalah antarmuka, namun saat ini website JOY masih jarang diakses dan juga masih terdapat kekurangan pada website terutama pada fungsionalitasnya. Terkait masalah tersebut akan dilakukan pengukuran tingkat usabilitas antarmuka situs web JOY Indonesia dengan metode Usability Testing, kemudian akan dilakukan perancangan purwarupa baru berdasarkan hasil uji usabilitas tersebut. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan menguji empat aspek usabilitas yaitu time on task, task success, error dan efficiency, serta dilakukan wawancara dan observasi terhadap responden untuk mengetahui tingkat kebergunaan situs web JOY Indonesia. Pengujian akhir yang dilakukan pada desain pengembangan memiliki hasil efisiensi sebesar 88.34%, kemudian hasil pengujian time on task pada desain hasil pengembangan total waktu keseluruhannya adalah sebesar 139,8 detik, dan nilai success rate sebesar 94.80%. Hasil tersebut sudah memenuhi rata-rata tingkat keberhasilan serta fungsionalitasnya dapat diakses dengan efisien dan efektif oleh pengguna.

Abstract Background Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease whose incidence has increased globally, with Indonesia as hyperendemic. In Indonesia, around 17.4% of febrile cases were due to dengue. Expanded dengue syndrome is a term for dengue fever with atypical manifestations in other organs such as renal, respiratory, and cardiac. Dengue myocarditis remains underdiagnosed and usually has a low risk of heart failure. However, pregnancy increases the risk of expanded dengue syndrome, with the incidence six times higher in pregnant women. Due to limited studies about myocarditis treatment during pregnancy, it is critical to understand the effects of heart drugs and the importance of treatment choices with limited selection during fulminant myocarditis. Case presentation We reported a case of an adult pregnant woman in her second trimester with fulminant myocarditis-associated expanded dengue syndrome based on criteria. The patient suddenly worsened with progressive cardiomegaly and lung edema accompanied by cardiogenic shock. Multidisciplinary treatment management has been given to improve cardiac function and other organs due to dengue by considering the risk and family consent. The patient recovered from myocarditis, and the cardiac size has reduced. Conclusions Fulminant myocarditis is a serious complication of expanded dengue syndrome, and aggressive therapy is required to prevent it. Further investigations and a multidisciplinary system are required to reduce or minimize fetal abnormalities.

Daur Ulang Text didefinisikan sebagai pemanfaatan sumber tulisan yang ada untuk penulisan sebuah teks baru. Persentase penggunaan ulang teks dari sumber sebelumnya sangatlah bervariasi. Jika prosentase penggunaan tersebut tinggi dan berasal dari sebuah sumber, maka teks yang baru menjadi teks duplikat atau hampir duplikat dengan teks sumbernya. Meskipun beberapa genre teks bisa diterima, keberadaan teks duplikat dan hampir dupilkat ini menyebabkan ketidak-efisienan penyimpanan dan pencarian. Untuk itu diperlukan sebuah system deteksi kemiripan teks yang akan mengidentifikasi teks mana saja yang dupilkat dan hampir duplikat. Untuk itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada deteksi kemiripan teks dengan mengaplikasikan algoritma Simhash. Algoritma ini digunakan untuk menghasilkan fingerprint dokumen yang berfungsi sebagai fitur dokumen yang digunakan sebagai dasar pembanding tingkat kemiripan teks. Kemiripan sebuah teks terhadap teks lainnya diukur dengan menggunakan jarak Hamming. Dalam ekperimen yang difokuskan pada dokumen duplikat dan hampir duplikat, tingkat Recall dokumen cukup tinggi yakni 80%. Ini berarti bahwa sistem yang dikembangkan mampu menemenukan pasangan dokumen duplikat dengan baik.

ABSTRACT People with disabilities are around 15% of the total world population. People with disabilities have various obstacles in accessing reproductive health services, including information, behavior, environment and economy. Women with disabilities are at high risk for reproductive health problems. Aim: The purpose of this research is to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes behavior and proportion about reproductive health of childbearing age women with physical disabilities in Denpasar City. This research was observational study with cross-sectional design. This research was conducted on April - June 2020. The population in this study was women of childbearing age with physical disabilities who already had marriage. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with 66 women. This study used an online questionnaire to reduce direct contact because this research conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzed by statistical package software.The result showed that majority of respondents with hearing impaired (36.36%), blind (31.82%), physical disability (28.79%), and speech impaired (3.03%). The level of reproductive health knowledge of respondents in this study who had good knowledge (39.39%), had positive attitudes (69.70%) and had bad behavior (68.18%). There is a significance relation between knowledge (p = 0.0003) and attitude (p = 0.002) towards reproductive health behavior. That can be conclude that most respondents have good knowledge and positive attitudes, but have poor reproductive health behaviors. To have good reproductive health behavior need to have good knowledge and positive attitude in reproductive health. Therefore, it is suggested regular socialization of reproductive health among women with disability using proper media that accessible for them. ABSTRAK Kesehatan reproduksi merupakan hak setiap orang, termasuk penyandang disabilitas. Penyandang disabilitas memiliki berbagai hambatan dalam mengakses layanan kesehatan reproduksi, diantaranaya informasi, perilaku, lingkungan, dan ekonomi. Wanita dengan disabilitas adalah kelompok yang memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap masalah kesehatan reproduksi. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Denpasar pada remaja dengan gangguan pendengaran menemukan bahwa remaja Tuli memiliki pengetahuan yang rendah terkait kesehatan reproduksi. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku, dan proporsi wanita usia subur dengan disabilitas fisik di Kota Denpasar terkait kesehatan reproduksi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu desain penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross-sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Denpasar pada bulan April – Juni 2020. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita usia subur penyandang disabilitas fisik yang sudah memiliki status perkawinan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling dengan jumlah 66 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden memiliki jenis disabilitas Tuna Rungu (36.36%) dan Tuna Netra (31.82%), sedangkan untuk Tuna Daksa (28.79%) dan Tuna Wicara (3.03%). Tingkat pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi responden dalam penelitian ini memiliki pengetahuan baik (39.39%), mayoritas memiliki sikap positif (69.70%) dan sebagian besar memiliki perilaku kurang baik (68.18%). Tidak terdapat perbedaan proporsi antara karakteristik responden dengan perilaku kesehatan reproduksi dan terdapat perbedaan proporsi antara pengetahuan (p=0.0003) dan sikap (p=0.002) terhadap perilaku kesehatan reproduksi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa responden memiliki pengetahuan baik, sikap positif, namun memiliki perilaku kesehatan reproduksi kurang baik. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi pada pengetahuan terhadap perilaku kesehatan reproduksi dan terdapat perbedaan proporsi pada sikap terhadap perilaku kesehatan reproduksi. Diperlukan sosialisasi kepada perempuan dengan disabilitas terkait informasi kesehatan reproduksi.

It is often difficult to compile and synthesise evidence across multiple studies to inform policy and practice because different outcomes have been measured in different ways or datasets and models have not been fully or consistently reported. In the case of peatlands, a critical terrestrial carbon store, this lack of consistency hampers the evidence-based decisions in policy and practice that are needed to support effective restoration and conservation. This study adapted methods pioneered in the medical community to reach consensus over peatland outcomes that could be consistently measured and reported to improve the synthesis of data and reduce research waste. Here we report on a methodological framework for identifying, evaluating and prioritising the outcomes that should be measured. We discuss the subsequent steps to standardise methods for measuring and reporting outcomes in peatland research and monitoring. The framework was used to identify and prioritise sets of key variables (known as core domain sets) for UK blanket and raised bogs, and for tropical peat swamps. Peatland experts took part in a structured elicitation and prioritisation process, comprising two workshops and questionnaires, that focused on climate (32 and 18 unique outcomes for UK and tropical peats, respectively), hydrology (26 UK and 16 tropical outcomes), biodiversity (8 UK and 22 tropical outcomes) and fire-related outcomes (13, for tropical peatlands only). Future research is needed to tackle the challenges of standardising methods for data collection, management, analysis, reporting and re-use, and to extend the approach to other types of peatland. The process reported here is a first step towards creating datasets that can be synthesised to inform evidence-based policy and practice, and contribute towards the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of this globally significant carbon store.

To determine the effect of accounting training, and length of business on the planning and use of accounting information in MSMEs in Lowokwaru sub-district, Malang City. The sampling technique was by distributing questionnaires, with a total sample of 97 respondents. The research method used is quantitative. with the help of the SPSS 25 application. The results showed that accounting training and length of business had an influence on the planning and use of accounting information in Lowokwaru District, Malang City. Future research is expected to use a broader and more comprehensive research sample.

This research aimed to develop e-module learning use flipbook maker on the authority of state institutions in learning Civics in the technical implementation unit of senior high school that is valid, practical and effective. This development method used the Rowntree development model which consisted of three stages, namely (1) planning; (2) writing preparation; (3) writing and editing. The evaluation used Tessmer’s evaluation stage, namely self evaluation, expert review, one to one, small group, and field test. The subjects of this research were X IPS 3 students of SMA Xaverius 1 Palembang. The validation results of e-module learning use flipbook maker by material, language and design experts obtained an average of 85,4 percent, so it was categorized as very valid. The practicality test results of e-module use flipbook maker in all groups obtained an average of 90,47 percent on one-to-one stage, and 85,71 percent on small group stage with a very practical category. The e-module learning effectiveness test results on student learning outcomes through an N-gain value was 0,7; it was the high category. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the development of e-module learning use flipbook maker on the authority of state institutions in learning Civics in the technical implementation unit of senior high school has proven to be valid, practical and effective to be used in learning. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-modul pembelajaran menggunakan flipbook maker pada kewenangan lembaga-lembaga negara dalam pembelajaran PPKn di UPT SMA yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Metode pengembangan ini menggunakan model pengembangan Rowntree yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan, yaitu (1) perencanaan; (2) persiapan penulisan; (3) penulisan dan penyuntingan dan untuk evaluasi menggunakan tahap evaluasi yang dikembangkan oleh Tessmer yaitu (self evaluation, expert review, one to one, small group, dan field test). Subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas X IPS 3 SMA Xaverius 1 Palembang. Hasil validasi e-modul pembelajaran menggunakan flipbook maker oleh ahli materi, bahasa dan desain memperoleh rata-rata 85,40 persen sehingga dikategorikan sangat valid. Hasil uji kepraktisan e-modul menggunakan flipbook maker pada semua kelompok diperoleh rata-rata 90,47 persen pada tahap one to one dan 85,71 persen pada tahap small group dengan kategori sangat praktis. Hasil uji efektivitas e-modul pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik dengan nilai N-gain sebesar 0,7 dengan kategori tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan e-modul pembelajaran menggunakan flipbook maker pada kewenangan lembaga-lembaga negara dalam pembelajaran PPKn di UPT SMA terbukti valid, praktis dan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran.

Gigitan silang anterior dapat dibedakan menjadi gigitan silang skeletal dan dental. Kasus maloklusi gigitan terbuka anterior yang disebabkan oleh faktor skeletal berhubungan dengan pola pertumbuhan mandibula ke bawah dan ke belakang. Pola skeletal vertikal hiperdivergen pada pasien gigitan terbuka anterior menuntut operator untuk menjaga dimensi vertikal agar tidak memperparah kondisi yang ada. Penggunaan peranti cekat sistem ligasi pasif memberikan keuntungan pada perawatan pasien dengan maloklusi kelas III dan gigitan terbuka anterior. Pasien perempuan berusia 17 tahun datang ke Klinik Ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI dengan keluhan lidah sering tergigit sewaktu tidur dan menyebabkan sariawan. Pasien memiliki wajah dolikofasial, simetris, dan tidak seimbang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pasien memiliki pola skeletal kelas III dengan maksila dan mandibula retrognati terhadap basis kranii (SNA 77°, SNA 76°, ANB 1°) dengan pola vertikal wajah hiperdivergen yang disertai gigitan terbuka anterior. Pasien dirawat menggunakan peranti cekat passive self ligating. Perawatan ortodonti selesai dalam waktu 15 bulan dan keluhan utama, crowding, serta gigitan terbuka pada regio anterior telah terkoreksi. Perawatan gigitan terbuka anterior dengan kombinasi ekstrusi anterior dan intrusi posterior baik dilakukan pada pasien dengan pola skeletal vertikal hiperdivergen.

Southeast Asia (SEA) contributes approximately one-third of global land-use change carbon emissions, a substantial yet highly uncertain part of which is from anthropogenically-modified peat swamp forests (PSFs) and mangroves. Here, we report that between 2001–2022 land-use change impacting PSFs and mangroves in SEA generate approximately 691.8±97.2 teragrams of CO2 equivalent emissions annually (TgCO2eyr−1) or 48% of region's land-use change emissions, and carbon removal through secondary regrowth of −16.3 ± 2.0 TgCO2eyr−1. Indonesia (73%), Malaysia (14%), Myanmar (7%), and Vietnam (2%) combined accounted for over 90% of regional emissions from these sources. Consequently, great potential exists for emissions reduction through PSFs and mangroves conservation. Moreover, restoring degraded PSFs and mangroves could provide an additional annual mitigation potential of 94.4 ± 7.4 TgCO2eyr−1. Although peatlands and mangroves occupy only 5.4% of SEA land area, restoring and protecting these carbon-dense ecosystems can contribute substantially to climate change mitigation, while maintaining valuable ecosystem services, livelihoods and biodiversity. New study report that conserving and restoring peatlands and mangroves in Southeast Asia can offer annual climate mitigation potentials of 770 ± 97 TgCO2e. These carbon-dense wetlands are thus key nature-based climate solutions for ASEAN countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]