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Additional file 1: Table 1. Resources shared with participants. Table 2. Interview Guide. Table 3. Means of Study Variables.

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina. vii, 68 p. Research has been conducted on passion through a variety of activities, including sport. Passion, according to Vallerand et al. (2003), is “a strong inclination toward an activity that individuals like [or love], that they find important, in which they invest time and energy, and which comes to be internalized into one’s identity” (p. 507). Defined by the dualistic model of passion, harmonious passion describes a passion freely chosen because it had become valuable and meaningful to a person; conversely, obsessive passion describes a passion where individuals feel compelled to participate because some feelings of social acceptance, self-esteem, etc. are attached to the activity (Mageau et al., 2009; Rousseau, Vallerand, Ratelle, Mageau, & Provencher, 2002; Vallerand, 2012; Vallerand et al., 2003, 2006, 2007). A review of the literature shows harmonious passion relates positively to positive emotions such as enjoyment, higher self-esteem, and self-compassion (e.g. Kowalski, Mack, & Sabiston, 2015); whereas obsessive passion relates positively to negative factors of well-being such as guilt, anxiety, rumination (Mageau, Carpentier, & Vallerand, 2011; Mageau & Vallerand, 2007; Mageau et al., 2009), and a lack of self-compassion (Schellenberg, Bailis, & Mosewich, 2016). While self-compassion serves to manage through emotionally difficult experiences in sport in effectively healthy ways, a fear of self-compassion can have an effect on whether a person (athlete) displays self-compassion. In this study, participants were players on a female, elite, team sport (N = 26). These athletes completed an online survey that included measures of deliberate practice (Helsen, Starkes, & Hodges, 1998), passion (Vallerand et al., 2003), self-compassion (Neff, 2003), and fear of self-compassion (Gilbert et al., 2011). Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses describe ii the sample. Findings show higher levels of harmonious passion than obsessive passion, low levels of deliberate practice both in and out of season, moderate levels of self-compassion, and low levels of fear of self-compassion. In terms of correlations, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between harmonious and obsessive passion, and a significant strong negative correlation between self-compassion and fear of self-compassion, as well as a significant strong positive correlation between strikeouts (pitcher-only statistic) and in-season deliberate practice. Student yes

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Kinesiology & Health Studies, University of Regina. v, 54 p. In the field of competitive sports there is an emphasis on the growth of technical, tactical, and physical aspects as it relates to coach performance. However, little emphasis is placed on how coaches cope with stress and adversity that accompanies their career choice. The purpose of the present research is to establish the background of coping with the stressors by professional (paid to coach) hockey coaches using the conceptual model of hardiness. Hardiness has been used to describe stress resistant individuals (Kobasa, 1979). Kobasa (1979) indicates that hardiness involves the three C’s – commitment, control, and challenge. Commitment is the ability to interpret situations as interesting and worthwhile; control is the ability to influence one’s surroundings through effort; and challenge involves the ability to learn and grow from positive and negative experiences. Nine male coaches who were presently coaching in the Western Hockey League, Canada West League (Canadian Interuniversity Sport), Austrian Elite League, National Collegiate Athletic Association, American Hockey League, or the National Hockey League were asked to complete an open-ended survey. The survey was conducted via email to discuss individual coaching behaviours with respect to how they handle the stressors of their position. Through an interpretive lens of the experiences of nine professional coaches, a record was provided of coping strategies and experiences through the conceptual framework of hardiness. Findings were in line with commitment, control, and challenge (hardiness attributes) and included seven subthemes that portrayed examples of experience as it relates to stressors. Subthemes were developed through a thematical analysis of the responses within the survey. Subthemes that emerged from the commitment attribute included passion and authentic modeling. Subthemes that arose around control included communication, positivity/emotional control, and building accountability. Finally, the challenge attribute subthemes revolved around learning and flexibility. As stated earlier, there is a premium on technical, tactical, and physical aspects as key topics in coach performance. This research attempts to bridge the gap in the mental attributes needed to keep pushing forward in times of stress for professional coaches at an elite level. The methods used do not promote or suggest if a coach that participated was hardy. What it may suggest, is that taken together, all the coaches comments would demonstrate how a “hardy” coach would deal with stressors. Student yes

ERLANDSON, M. C., L. B. SHERAR, A. D. MOSEWICH, K. C. KOWALSKI, D. A. BAILEY, and A. D. G. BAXTER-JONES. Does Controlling for Biological Maturity Improve Physical Activity Tracking? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 800–807, 2011. Tracking of physical activity through childhood and adolescence tends to be low. Variation in the timing of biological maturation within youth of the same chronological age (CA) might affect participation in physical activity and may partially explain the low tracking. Purpose: To examine the stability of physical activity over time from childhood to late adolescence when aligned on CA and biological age (BA).Methods: A total of 91 males and 96 females aged 8–15 yr from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (PBMAS) were assessed annually for 8 yr. BA was calculated as years from age at peak height velocity. Physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children/Adolescents. Tracking was analyzed using intraclass correlations for both CA andBA (2-yr groupings). To be included in the analysis, an individual required a measure at both time points within an interval; however, notall individuals were present at all tracking intervals.Results: Physical activity tracking by CA 2-yr intervals were, in general, moderate inmales (r= 0.42–0.59) and females (r= 0.43–0.44). However, the 9- to 11-yr CA interval was low and nonsignificant (r= 0.23–0.30).Likewise, tracking of physical activity by BA 2-yr intervals was moderate to high in males (r= 0.44–0.60) and females (r= 0.39–0.62).Conclusions: Accounting for differences in the timing of biological maturity had little effect on tracking physical activity. However,point estimates for tracking are higher in early adolescence in males and to a greater extent in females when aligned by BA versus CA. This suggests that maturity may be more important in physical activity participation in females than males.Key Words:LONGITUDINAL,CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENT, PUBERTY Refereed/Peer-reviewed